JP2017036841A - Accumulator - Google Patents

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JP2017036841A
JP2017036841A JP2013236676A JP2013236676A JP2017036841A JP 2017036841 A JP2017036841 A JP 2017036841A JP 2013236676 A JP2013236676 A JP 2013236676A JP 2013236676 A JP2013236676 A JP 2013236676A JP 2017036841 A JP2017036841 A JP 2017036841A
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heat
graphite
pipe
granular material
accumulator
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裕昭 桐木
Hiroaki Kiriki
裕昭 桐木
明旭 韓
Mingxu Han
明旭 韓
久保　修一
Shuichi Kubo
修一 久保
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Ibiden Co Ltd
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Ibiden Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/JP2014/080049 priority patent/WO2015072503A1/en
Publication of JP2017036841A publication Critical patent/JP2017036841A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an accumulator of a constitution capable of being used in a wide temperature range, reduced in degradation of performance even at a low temperature, being used at a high temperature, having high heat transferring performance, and reduced in deterioration of performance.SOLUTION: According to an accumulator composed of a pipe, a particulate matter mainly composed of graphite to bury the pipe, and a container accommodating the pipe and the particulate matter, as the particulate matter mainly composed of graphite accumulates heat, the graphite itself can transfer heat without depending on convection current, and a mechanism for accumulating heat and transferring heat is constant from low temperature to high temperature. Thus the heat can be accumulated without depending on the temperature. Further the particulate matter mainly composed of graphite accumulates heat, heat resistance can be improved, and the material is hardly deteriorated, thus it can be used under high temperature, and can be used for a long period.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、蓄熱器に関する。   The present invention relates to a heat accumulator.

蓄熱器は、空調システム、冷蔵装置など熱を扱う分野において、広く利用されている。
特許文献１には、蓄熱槽内の水を、該蓄熱槽内に配設された循環管を通流する冷媒にて氷結させて蓄熱する蓄熱システムであり、複数の循環管を、それぞれの各屈曲部が平行する平面内にてジグザグ状に位置するように連続的に屈曲して、相隣する各循環管の冷媒通流方向を逆方向にしたことを特徴とする蓄熱システムが記載されている。 Thermal accumulators are widely used in fields that handle heat, such as air conditioning systems and refrigerators.
Patent Document 1 discloses a heat storage system that stores water by freezing water in a heat storage tank with a refrigerant that flows through the circulation pipe disposed in the heat storage tank, and each of the circulation pipes is connected to each of the circulation pipes. A heat storage system is described, wherein the bent portions are continuously bent so as to be located in a zigzag shape in a parallel plane, and the refrigerant flow directions of adjacent circulation pipes are reversed. Yes.

平面内にてジグザグ状に位置するように連続的に屈曲する構造をサーペンタイン構造ともいい、限られた面積の中で、熱を受け渡しするパイプの配置方法として、エアコンデショナー、自動車のラジエーターなど広く利用されている。   A structure that bends continuously so as to be zigzag in a plane is also called a serpentine structure, and it is widely used as a method of arranging pipes that deliver heat within a limited area, such as air conditioners and automobile radiators. Has been.

実開平１−７８８３５号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-78835

しかしながら、特許文献１に記載された蓄熱システムは、パイプを通して蓄熱槽内の液体（水）に熱を蓄えるものである。蓄熱体（蓄熱槽内の液体）は液体であるので熱移動は対流を前提としたものである。このため蓄熱体が曝される温度域で粘度が高くなったり、凝固、沸騰が起きると大幅に蓄熱性能が低下し、場合によっては蓄熱器の破損の原因となる。
このため、使用する蓄熱体の種類によって蓄熱器を使用可能な温度域が大きく影響を受ける。 However, the heat storage system described in Patent Document 1 stores heat in a liquid (water) in a heat storage tank through a pipe. Since the heat storage body (liquid in the heat storage tank) is a liquid, heat transfer is premised on convection. For this reason, when the viscosity increases in the temperature range to which the heat storage body is exposed, or when solidification or boiling occurs, the heat storage performance is significantly lowered, and in some cases, the heat storage device is damaged.
For this reason, the temperature range in which the heat accumulator can be used is greatly affected by the type of the heat accumulator used.

本発明は、幅広い温度域で使用可能であって、低温でも性能の低下が少なく、高温で使用することができ、伝熱性能が高く、性能劣化の少ない構成の蓄熱器を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a heat accumulator that can be used in a wide range of temperature, has little deterioration in performance even at low temperatures, can be used at high temperatures, has high heat transfer performance, and has little performance deterioration. And

前記課題を解決するための本発明の蓄熱器は、パイプと、前記パイプを埋設する黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体と、前記パイプと、前記粉粒体とを収容する容器とからなる。
本発明の蓄熱器によれば、黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体が蓄熱するので、対流によることなく黒鉛自体が伝熱することができ、蓄熱および伝熱の機構は低温から高温まで変わらない。このため、温度に依存することなく蓄熱することができる。
本発明の蓄熱器によれば、黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体が蓄熱するので、耐熱性が高い上に、劣化しにくい素材であるので、高温でも使用することができ、さらに長期間の使用に用いることができる。 The heat accumulator of the present invention for solving the above problems is composed of a pipe, a granular material mainly composed of graphite in which the pipe is embedded, a container for accommodating the pipe and the granular material.
According to the heat accumulator of the present invention, since the granular material mainly composed of graphite stores heat, the graphite itself can transfer heat without convection, and the mechanism of heat storage and heat transfer does not change from low temperature to high temperature. . For this reason, heat can be stored without depending on temperature.
According to the heat accumulator of the present invention, since the granular material mainly composed of graphite stores heat, it is a material that has high heat resistance and is not easily deteriorated. Can be used for use.

さらに本発明の蓄熱器は次の態様が望ましい。
（１）前記粉粒体は、炭化珪素を含有する。
炭化珪素は、硬いセラミックであり、黒鉛は軟らかいセラミックである。これらが共存することにより、使用を繰り返すうちに振動、熱変形などによる粉粒体を構成する粒子間の摩擦により炭化珪素が黒鉛を研磨し、接触面積が増え、熱伝導しやすくさせることができる。 Furthermore, the following aspect is desirable for the heat accumulator of the present invention.
(1) The granular material contains silicon carbide.
Silicon carbide is a hard ceramic, and graphite is a soft ceramic. By coexisting with each other, silicon carbide polishes the graphite by friction between particles constituting the granular material due to vibration, thermal deformation, etc. during repeated use, increasing the contact area and facilitating heat conduction. .

（２）前記パイプは、サーペンタイン構造を有する。
本発明の蓄熱器のパイプが、さらにサーペンタイン構造を有すると、温度上昇時または温度下降時のパイプの変形は様々な箇所で発生し、その箇所では、粉粒体を構成する粒子間の摩擦を発生しやすくすることができる。また、熱膨張、熱収縮による熱変形の大きい部分は、パイプ周辺の熱の流れの大きい部分でもあるので、蓄熱体への蓄熱を効率良く行うことができる。 (2) The pipe has a serpentine structure.
When the pipe of the heat accumulator of the present invention further has a serpentine structure, deformation of the pipe at the time of temperature rise or temperature drop occurs at various places, and friction between particles constituting the granular material is caused at that place. It can be easily generated. Moreover, since the part with a large thermal deformation by thermal expansion and contraction is also a part with a large heat flow around a pipe, the heat storage to a heat storage body can be performed efficiently.

（３）前記パイプは、互いに対向する複数列のサーペンタイン構造を有し、複数列のサーペンタイン構造の間に黒鉛板が埋設されている。
本発明の蓄熱器は、前記パイプが互いに対向する複数列のサーペンタイン構造を有し、複数列のサーペンタイン構造の間に黒鉛板が埋設されるによって、略平行な２枚の黒鉛板が形成する空間に、サーペンタイン構造を構成するパイプが配置されるとともに、パイプは粉粒体に埋設される配置となる。 (3) The pipe has a plurality of rows of serpentine structures facing each other, and a graphite plate is embedded between the plurality of rows of serpentine structures.
The heat accumulator of the present invention has a plurality of serpentine structures in which the pipes oppose each other, and a graphite plate is embedded between the plurality of rows of serpentine structures so that two substantially parallel graphite plates are formed. In addition, the pipes constituting the serpentine structure are arranged, and the pipes are arranged to be embedded in the powder particles.

このような配置をとることで、サーペンタイン構造のパイプの熱膨張または熱収縮による変形が生じたとき、略平行な２枚の黒鉛板と粉粒体によりその動きが拘束され、パイプ周辺の粉粒体には強い摩擦力が生じる。このため、粉粒体を構成する粒子間を伝熱しやすくすることができ、伝熱性能を高めることができる。   By adopting such an arrangement, when a serpentine-structured pipe is deformed due to thermal expansion or contraction, its movement is constrained by two substantially parallel graphite plates and powder particles, and the powder particles around the pipe A strong frictional force is generated on the body. For this reason, it is possible to facilitate heat transfer between particles constituting the granular material, and heat transfer performance can be improved.

（４）前記粉粒体の形成する空隙に相転移物質が充填されている。
相転移物質は、相転移に伴って多くの熱を蓄えることができる。また、伝熱は相転移物質によることなく行われるので、低温でも性能の低下が少なく、高温で使用することができ、伝熱性能が高く、性能劣化の少ない蓄熱器を提供することができる。 (4) The space formed by the powder is filled with a phase change material.
The phase change material can store a lot of heat with the phase transition. In addition, since heat transfer is performed without using a phase change material, there is little deterioration in performance even at low temperatures, and it can be used at high temperatures, providing a heat accumulator with high heat transfer performance and little performance deterioration.

本発明によれば、黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体が蓄熱するので、対流によることなく黒鉛自体が伝熱することができ、蓄熱および伝熱の機構は低温から高温まで変わらない。このため、温度に依存することなく蓄熱することができる。
本発明の蓄熱器によれば、黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体が蓄熱するので、耐熱性が高い上に、劣化しにくい素材であるので、高温でも使用することができ、さらに長期間の使用に用いることができる。 According to the present invention, since the granular material having graphite as a main component stores heat, the graphite itself can transfer heat without convection, and the mechanism of heat storage and heat transfer does not change from low temperature to high temperature. For this reason, heat can be stored without depending on temperature.
According to the heat accumulator of the present invention, since the granular material mainly composed of graphite stores heat, it is a material that has high heat resistance and is not easily deteriorated. Can be used for use.

本発明に係る実施形態１の蓄熱器の外観図であり、（ａ）は平面図、（ｂ）は側面図である。It is an external view of the heat accumulator of Embodiment 1 which concerns on this invention, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. 本発明に係る実施形態１の蓄熱器の断面図であり、（ａ）は図１のＡ−Ａ’断面、（ｂ）は図１のＢ−Ｂ’断面、（ｃ）は図１のＣ−Ｃ’断面を示す。It is sectional drawing of the thermal accumulator of Embodiment 1 which concerns on this invention, (a) is the AA 'cross section of FIG. 1, (b) is the BB' cross section of FIG. 1, (c) is C of FIG. -C 'cross section is shown.

本発明の蓄熱器は、パイプと、前記パイプを埋設する黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体と、前記パイプと、前記粉粒体とを収容する容器とからなる。
本発明の蓄熱器によれば、黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体が蓄熱するので、対流によることなく黒鉛自体が伝熱することができ、蓄熱および伝熱の機構は低温から高温まで変わらない。このため、温度に依存することなく蓄熱することができる。
本発明の蓄熱器によれば、黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体が蓄熱するので、耐熱性が高い上に、劣化しにくい素材であるので、高温でも使用することができ、さらに長期間の使用に用いることができる。 The heat accumulator of the present invention is composed of a pipe, a granular material mainly composed of graphite in which the pipe is embedded, a container for accommodating the pipe and the granular material.
According to the heat accumulator of the present invention, since the granular material mainly composed of graphite stores heat, the graphite itself can transfer heat without convection, and the mechanism of heat storage and heat transfer does not change from low temperature to high temperature. . For this reason, heat can be stored without depending on temperature.
According to the heat accumulator of the present invention, since the granular material mainly composed of graphite stores heat, it is a material that has high heat resistance and is not easily deteriorated. Can be used for use.

本発明のパイプの材質、厚さなどは特に限定されない。中でもパイプの材質は、金属であることが好ましく、例えばステンレス、鉄、銅、アルミニウムなどが利用できる。
粉粒体は、黒鉛が主成分であれば特に限定されない。黒鉛の種類としては、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、キッシュ黒鉛、膨張黒鉛などどのようなものでも利用することができる。 The material and thickness of the pipe of the present invention are not particularly limited. Among these, the material of the pipe is preferably a metal, and for example, stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum and the like can be used.
The powder is not particularly limited as long as graphite is a main component. Any kind of graphite such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, quiche graphite, and expanded graphite can be used.

黒鉛が主成分であるとは、粉粒体の５０重量％以上が黒鉛であることが望ましく、さらに、粉粒体の７０重量％以上が黒鉛であることが望ましい。粉粒体の５０重量％以上が黒鉛であると、摩擦によって黒鉛が摩耗しやすく、７０重量％以上であるとさらに摩耗しやすくすることができる。黒鉛が摩耗しやすくなることによって、粒子間の接触面積が増え、蓄熱体内の伝熱性能を高めることができる。   When graphite is the main component, it is desirable that 50% by weight or more of the powder is graphite, and more preferably 70% by weight or more of the powder is graphite. When 50% by weight or more of the powder is graphite, the graphite is easily worn by friction, and when it is 70% by weight or more, it can be further easily worn. By making graphite easily wear, the contact area between the particles increases, and the heat transfer performance in the heat storage body can be improved.

黒鉛が主成分であるとは、特にその形態は限定されない。例えば次のような形態が挙げられる。（ａ）黒鉛の粉粒体と他の物質の粉粒体が混合して本発明の粉粒体を構成、（ｂ）黒鉛の粉粒体を構成する粒子の表面が部分的に他の物質に転化して本発明の粉粒体を構成、（ｃ）黒鉛の粉粒体を構成する粒子の内部に別物質が存在させ、本発明の粉粒体を構成。   The form of graphite as a main component is not particularly limited. For example, the following forms are mentioned. (A) The graphite particles and other materials are mixed to form the particles of the present invention. (B) The surface of the particles constituting the graphite particles is partially made of another material. To form the granular material of the present invention, and (c) another substance is present inside the particles constituting the graphite granular material to constitute the granular material of the present invention.

他の物質が炭化珪素である場合について、上記（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）の場合について例示する。（ａ）の場合、本発明に係る粉粒体は、例えば黒鉛の粉粒体と炭化珪素の粉粒体を混合することによって得ることができる。（ｂ）の場合、本発明に係る粉粒体は、例えば１５００℃以上の高温雰囲気でＳｉＯガスなどの作用により表面が反応転化した黒鉛の塊状体を粉砕することによって得ることができる。（ｃ）の場合、例えば、黒鉛の原材料であるコークスに炭化珪素の粉を混ぜピッチなどのバインダを加え混練し、プレス成形し、焼成、黒鉛化して得られた黒鉛材料をさらに粉砕することによって得られる。この粉粒体は、内部に均一に炭化珪素の粒子が分散した構造となる。   A case where the other substance is silicon carbide is exemplified for the cases (a), (b), and (c). In the case of (a), the granular material according to the present invention can be obtained, for example, by mixing a granular material of graphite and a granular material of silicon carbide. In the case of (b), the granular material according to the present invention can be obtained, for example, by pulverizing a graphite lump whose surface is reaction-converted by the action of SiO gas or the like in a high temperature atmosphere of 1500 ° C. or higher. In the case of (c), for example, graphite powder obtained by mixing silicon carbide powder with coke, which is a raw material of graphite, and adding a binder such as pitch, kneading, press molding, firing and graphitizing is further performed. can get. This powder body has a structure in which silicon carbide particles are uniformly dispersed therein.

黒鉛の含有量についての測定方法を説明する。
黒鉛は、他のセラミックスと異なり、酸素との反応生成物が二酸化炭素、一酸化炭素などのガスであり、被膜などを作ることがない。このため、大気中で加熱することにより、取り除くことができる。このため、黒鉛の表面が露出するように粉砕して、大気中で燃焼することにより、加熱前後の重量変化を測定し、黒鉛の含有量を測定することができる。 A method for measuring the graphite content will be described.
Unlike other ceramics, graphite is a gas such as carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide as a reaction product with oxygen, and does not form a film. For this reason, it can remove by heating in air | atmosphere. For this reason, by pulverizing the graphite surface to be exposed and burning in the air, the weight change before and after heating can be measured, and the graphite content can be measured.

粉粒体を収納する容器は特に限定されない。セラミックの容器、金属の容器などを利用することができる。なお、蓄熱器を、６００℃を超える温度で使用する場合には、外気と接触しないよう密閉されていることが好ましい。   The container for storing the powder is not particularly limited. Ceramic containers, metal containers and the like can be used. In addition, when using a thermal accumulator at the temperature over 600 degreeC, it is preferable to be sealed so that it may not contact external air.

本発明の蓄熱器の粉粒体の平均粒子径は特に限定されない。細かなものでも粗いものでも良い。中でも望ましい粉粒体の平均粒子径は、１〜５０ｍｍである。平均粒子径が１ｍｍ以上であると、粒子間の接点の数が少なくできるので粉粒体の内部での伝熱性能を高くすることができる。平均粒子径が１ｍｍ以下であると、蓄熱器の内部のパイプにより多くの箇所で接触することができるので、伝熱性能を高めることができる。
また、粉粒体の粒度分布は、複数のピークを有する粒度分布であると、粗い粒子の隙間に細かな粒子が入ることができ、より伝熱性能を高め、蓄熱の容量を大きくすることができる。 The average particle diameter of the granular material of the regenerator of the present invention is not particularly limited. It can be fine or coarse. Among these, a desirable average particle diameter of the granular material is 1 to 50 mm. When the average particle diameter is 1 mm or more, the number of contacts between the particles can be reduced, so that the heat transfer performance inside the granular material can be increased. When the average particle diameter is 1 mm or less, the heat transfer performance can be improved because the pipe inside the heat accumulator can be contacted at many places.
In addition, if the particle size distribution of the granular material is a particle size distribution having a plurality of peaks, fine particles can enter the gaps between coarse particles, which can further improve heat transfer performance and increase the capacity of heat storage. it can.

本発明の蓄熱器は黒鉛の粉粒体は、炭化珪素を含有することが好ましい。
炭化珪素は、硬いセラミックであり、黒鉛は軟らかいセラミックである。これらが共存することにより、振動、熱変形などによる粉粒体を構成する粒子間の摩擦により炭化珪素が黒鉛を研磨し、接触面積が増え、熱伝導しやすくさせることができる。 In the heat accumulator of the present invention, the graphite powder preferably contains silicon carbide.
Silicon carbide is a hard ceramic, and graphite is a soft ceramic. The coexistence of these allows silicon carbide to polish the graphite by friction between the particles constituting the granular material due to vibration, thermal deformation, etc., increasing the contact area and facilitating heat conduction.

炭化珪素の好ましい含有量は、２０〜３０重量％である。炭化珪素の含有量が２０〜３０重量％の範囲であると研磨材である炭化珪素と研磨される黒鉛の比率が適度であって、摩耗によって粒子間の接触面積が大きくなりやすい。   The preferable content of silicon carbide is 20 to 30% by weight. When the content of silicon carbide is in the range of 20 to 30% by weight, the ratio of silicon carbide as an abrasive to polished graphite is appropriate, and the contact area between particles tends to increase due to wear.

本発明の蓄熱器のパイプは、サーペンタイン構造を有することが好ましい。
本発明の蓄熱器のパイプが、さらにサーペンタイン構造を有すると、温度上昇時のパイプの変形は様々な箇所で発生し、その箇所では、粉粒体を構成する粒子間の摩擦を発生しやすくすることができる。また、熱膨張、熱収縮による熱変形の大きい部分は、パイプ周辺の熱の流れの大きい部分でもあるので、蓄熱体への蓄熱を効率良く行うことができる。 The pipe of the regenerator of the present invention preferably has a serpentine structure.
When the pipe of the regenerator of the present invention further has a serpentine structure, deformation of the pipe when the temperature rises occurs at various places, and at that place, friction between particles constituting the granular material is easily generated. be able to. Moreover, since the part with a large thermal deformation by thermal expansion and contraction is also a part with a large heat flow around a pipe, the heat storage to a heat storage body can be performed efficiently.

サーペンタイン（serpentine）構造とは、ヘビのように曲がっている構造をしめし、線状の物体が交互に折り返されながら、面を形成する状態である。
サーペンタイン構造は、線状に流れる流体を面状に拡散することができるので、蓄熱体として使用することにより、より多くの粉粒体に熱を伝えることができる。 The serpentine structure is a state in which a bent structure such as a snake is formed, and a linear object is alternately folded back to form a surface.
Since the serpentine structure can diffuse a linearly flowing fluid in a planar shape, heat can be transmitted to more powder particles by using it as a heat storage body.

本発明の蓄熱器のパイプは、互いに対向する複数列のサーペンタイン構造を有し、複数列のサーペンタイン構造の間に黒鉛板が埋設されていることが好ましい。   The pipe of the regenerator of the present invention preferably has a plurality of serpentine structures opposed to each other, and a graphite plate is embedded between the plurality of serpentine structures.

本発明の蓄熱器は、前記パイプが互いに対向する複数列のサーペンタイン構造を有し、複数列のサーペンタイン構造の間に黒鉛板が埋設されるによって、略平行な２枚の黒鉛板が形成する空間に、サーペンタイン構造を構成するパイプが配置されるとともに、パイプは粉粒体に埋設される配置となる。   The heat accumulator of the present invention has a plurality of serpentine structures in which the pipes oppose each other, and a graphite plate is embedded between the plurality of rows of serpentine structures so that two substantially parallel graphite plates are formed. In addition, the pipes constituting the serpentine structure are arranged, and the pipes are arranged to be embedded in the powder particles.

このような配置をとることで、サーペンタイン構造のパイプの熱膨張または熱収縮による変形が生じたとき、略平行な２枚の黒鉛板と粉粒体によりその動きが拘束され、パイプ周辺の粉粒体には強い摩擦力が生じる。このため、粉粒体を構成する粒子間を伝熱しやすくすることができ、伝熱性能を高めることができる。
また、パイプが互いに対向する複数列のサーペンタイン構造を有することにより、線状に流れる流体を蓄熱器の内部の粉粒体の隅々にまで行き渡らせることができる。 By adopting such an arrangement, when a serpentine-structured pipe is deformed due to thermal expansion or contraction, its movement is constrained by two substantially parallel graphite plates and powder particles, and the powder particles around the pipe A strong frictional force is generated on the body. For this reason, it is possible to facilitate heat transfer between particles constituting the granular material, and heat transfer performance can be improved.
In addition, since the pipe has a plurality of serpentine structures facing each other, the fluid flowing linearly can be spread to every corner of the granular material inside the heat accumulator.

本発明の前記粉粒体の形成する空隙に相転移物質が充填されていることが好ましい。
相転移物質は、相転移に伴って多くの熱を蓄えることができる。また、伝熱は相転移物質によることなく行われるので、低温でも性能の低下が少なく、高温で使用することができ、伝熱性能が高く、性能劣化の少ない蓄熱器を提供することができる。 It is preferable that the gap formed by the granular material of the present invention is filled with a phase change material.
The phase change material can store a lot of heat with the phase transition. In addition, since heat transfer is performed without using a phase change material, there is little deterioration in performance even at low temperatures, and it can be used at high temperatures, providing a heat accumulator with high heat transfer performance and little performance deterioration.

相転移物質としては、硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸カリウム等が利用できる。これらの物質は、本発明の蓄熱器に使用できる温度域に融点を有しているので、融点を超えて加熱、冷却する際により多くの熱を蓄熱することができる。   As the phase change material, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and the like can be used. Since these substances have a melting point in a temperature range that can be used in the heat storage device of the present invention, more heat can be stored when heating and cooling are performed beyond the melting point.

本発明の蓄熱体は、黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体よりなるので、高い温度で使用することができ、例えば太陽熱発電の熱を蓄える蓄熱体として好適に使用することができる。太陽熱発電に用いる場合、より高い温度を保持することが好ましく、相転移物質は、用いないか、例えば硝酸ナトリウムなどを使用することが好ましい。これらの相転移物質は、３８０℃を超える温度まで安定して使用することができ、蓄熱器の性能を低下させることなく使用することができる。   Since the heat storage body of this invention consists of a granular material which has graphite as a main component, it can be used at high temperature, for example, can be used conveniently as a heat storage body which stores the heat | fever of solar thermal power generation. When used for solar thermal power generation, it is preferable to maintain a higher temperature, and it is preferable not to use a phase transition material or to use sodium nitrate, for example. These phase change materials can be used stably up to a temperature exceeding 380 ° C., and can be used without degrading the performance of the regenerator.

以下本発明の実施形態１について図を用いて説明する。
図１は、本発明に係る実施形態１の蓄熱器の外観図であり、（ａ）は平面図、（ｂ）は側面図である。図２は、本発明に係る実施形態１の蓄熱器の断面図であり、（ａ）は図１のＡ−Ａ’断面、（ｂ）は図１のＢ−Ｂ’断面、（ｃ）は図１のＣ−Ｃ’断面を示す。
なお、Ａ−Ａ’断面は、パイプの位置の断面であり、Ｂ−Ｂ’断面は、黒鉛板の位置の断面である。 Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1A and 1B are external views of a heat accumulator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a plan view and FIG. 1B is a side view. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heat accumulator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. 1, (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ of FIG. The CC 'cross section of FIG. 1 is shown.
The AA ′ cross section is a cross section at the position of the pipe, and the BB ′ cross section is a cross section at the position of the graphite plate.

実施形態１の蓄熱器１０は、外寸が長さ１４１２ｍｍ、高さ７９８ｍｍ、幅１４００ｍｍの直方体のステンレスからなる容器３に収容されている。容器３の内側の上面、下面、側面には５０ｍｍの厚さの断熱材が取り付けられている。断熱材はアルミナからなる。
容器３の長さ方向の両端部には、それぞれ内部のパイプ１につながる継ぎ手４を有している。継ぎ手４の開口は、内径φ１５０ｍｍである。蓄熱器１０の内部はサーペンタイン構造となるようにパイプ１が曲げられている。パイプ１の太さはφ３０ｍｍである。このようなサーペンタイン構造をとるパイプ１は、それぞれ両端の継ぎ手４に並列接続となるように５列有し、サーペンタイン構造をとるパイプが形成する面の間に４４８×３６０×１０ｍｍの黒鉛板５がそれぞれ挿入されている。サーペンタイン構造をとるパイプ１および黒鉛板５は、黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体２によって充填されている。粉粒体の粒子の形成する空隙さらに硝酸ナトリウムからなる相転移物質が充填されている。 The heat accumulator 10 according to the first embodiment is accommodated in a container 3 made of rectangular parallelepiped stainless steel having outer dimensions of a length of 1412 mm, a height of 798 mm, and a width of 1400 mm. A heat insulating material having a thickness of 50 mm is attached to the upper surface, the lower surface, and the side surface of the inside of the container 3. The heat insulating material is made of alumina.
At both ends in the length direction of the container 3, there are joints 4 connected to the internal pipe 1. The opening of the joint 4 has an inner diameter of φ150 mm. The pipe 1 is bent so that the inside of the heat accumulator 10 has a serpentine structure. The thickness of the pipe 1 is φ30 mm. The pipe 1 having such a serpentine structure has five rows so as to be connected in parallel to the joints 4 at both ends, and a graphite plate 5 of 448 × 360 × 10 mm is formed between the surfaces formed by the pipe having the serpentine structure. Each is inserted. The pipe 1 and the graphite plate 5 having a serpentine structure are filled with a granular material 2 mainly composed of graphite. The space formed by the particles of the granular material is filled with a phase change material composed of sodium nitrate.

粉粒体２は、例えば以下のようにして得られる。黒鉛の塊状体を１５００〜２２００℃の環境下に置き、ＳｉＯガスを導入する。
２Ｃ＋ＳｉＯ→ＳｉＣ＋ＣＯ↑ （式１）
の反応により、表面に炭化珪素が形成される。炭化珪素の形成された黒鉛の塊状体を粉砕することにより、表面の一部が、炭化珪素に転化した粒子からなる黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体が得られる。出発物質を黒鉛とし、ＳｉＯガスで炭化珪素に転化する場合には、黒鉛の含有量Ｃは、反応による重量変化Ｗ’から化学量論的に計算することができる。 The granular material 2 is obtained as follows, for example. The lump of graphite is placed in an environment of 1500 to 2200 ° C., and SiO gas is introduced.
2C + SiO → SiC + CO ↑ (Formula 1)
By this reaction, silicon carbide is formed on the surface. By pulverizing the graphite lump in which silicon carbide is formed, a granular material whose main component is graphite, in which part of the surface is made of particles converted to silicon carbide, is obtained. When the starting material is graphite and converted to silicon carbide with SiO gas, the graphite content C can be calculated stoichiometrically from the weight change W ′ due to the reaction.

反応による重量増がなければ（処理後の質量が元の質量と同じ：Ｗ’＝１）、黒鉛の含有量Ｃは０％
反応による重量増が６６．７％であれば（Ｗ’＝１．６６７）、炭化珪素の含有量Ｃは１００％であり、その中間の値は、
Ｃ＝３×（Ｗ’−１）／２ （式２）
で示される。例えば、出発物質を黒鉛とし、ＳｉＯガスで炭化珪素に転化する場合、反応による重量増加が２２％であれば、黒鉛の含有量は３３％である。 If there is no weight increase due to the reaction (the mass after treatment is the same as the original mass: W ′ = 1), the graphite content C is 0%.
If the weight increase due to the reaction is 66.7% (W ′ = 1.667), the silicon carbide content C is 100%, and the intermediate value is
C = 3 × (W′−1) / 2 (Formula 2)
Indicated by For example, when the starting material is graphite and converted to silicon carbide with SiO gas, if the weight increase due to the reaction is 22%, the graphite content is 33%.

本実施形態の蓄熱器によれば、蓄熱材が黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体および相転移物質からなる。相転移物質は、３８０℃以下であれば安定して使用することができる。蓄熱器は、対流によることなく伝熱でき、広い温度域で使用が可能となる。
また粉粒体は、炭化珪素を含有しているので使用時に黒鉛と炭化珪素の摩擦により徐々に粉粒体の接触面積を大きくすることができるので、伝熱性能の高い蓄熱器を提供することができる。 According to the heat accumulator of this embodiment, the heat accumulating material is composed of a granular material mainly composed of graphite and a phase change material. The phase change material can be used stably if it is 380 ° C. or lower. The heat accumulator can transfer heat without convection and can be used in a wide temperature range.
In addition, since the granular material contains silicon carbide, the contact area of the granular material can be gradually increased by friction between graphite and silicon carbide during use, and therefore a heat storage device having high heat transfer performance is provided. Can do.

１ パイプ
２ 粉粒体
３ 容器
４ 継ぎ手
５ 黒鉛板
１０ 蓄熱器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pipe 2 Granule 3 Container 4 Joint 5 Graphite plate 10 Regenerator

Claims (5)

パイプと、前記パイプを埋設する黒鉛を主成分とする粉粒体と、前記パイプと、前記粉粒体とを収容する容器とからなる蓄熱器。   A heat accumulator comprising a pipe, a granular material mainly composed of graphite in which the pipe is embedded, and a container containing the pipe and the granular material. 前記粉粒体は、炭化珪素を含有することを特徴とする請求項１記載の蓄熱器。   The heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein the granular material contains silicon carbide. 前記パイプは、サーペンタイン構造を有することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の蓄熱器。   The regenerator according to claim 1, wherein the pipe has a serpentine structure. 前記パイプは、互いに対向する複数列のサーペンタイン構造を有し、複数列のサーペンタイン構造の間に黒鉛板が埋設されていることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の蓄熱器。   The regenerator according to claim 3, wherein the pipe has a plurality of serpentine structures facing each other, and a graphite plate is embedded between the plurality of serpentine structures. 前記粉粒体の粒子の形成する空隙に相転移物質が充填されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれか一項に記載の蓄熱器。   The regenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a phase change material is filled in a gap formed by particles of the granular material.
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