JP2017036410A - Method for producing resin particle dispersion, method for producing electrostatic charge image developing toner, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a resin particle dispersion which is produced without using an organic solvent and in which the amount of alkali metal elements contained in resin particles is small.SOLUTION: The method for producing a resin particle dispersion includes a mixing step of mixing a binder resin, a basic substance, and a surfactant to obtain a mixture, and an emulsification step of emulsifying and dispersing the mixture and an aqueous medium to obtain a resin particle dispersion. In the emulsification step, an acidic substance is mixed into the resin particle dispersion. In the emulsification step, the acidic substance is preferably added in a state where the aqueous medium is contained in an amount of 15-40 pts.wt. based on 100 pts.wt. of the binder resin.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a resin particle dispersion, a method for producing an electrostatic image developing toner, an electrostatic image developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming method, and an image forming apparatus.

The toner production method has been changed from a conventional kneading and pulverization method to a wet production method in which particles are granulated in a solution or water, and a wet production method has become mainstream. Examples of the wet manufacturing method include a suspension polymerization method, a dissolution suspension method, and an emulsion aggregation coalescence method.
Among these, the following methods are known as methods for producing toner and resin particles that do not use an organic solvent.
In Patent Document 1, a resin is melt-mixed in the absence of an organic solvent, a surfactant is added to the resin as necessary, and a basic agent and water are added to the resin. Forming an emulsion of particles, and a method of making the emulsion is disclosed.
In Patent Document 2, at least one polyester resin having at least one acid group is prepared in a reaction vessel, and the resin is brought into contact with a specific base to neutralize the at least one acid group. By contacting the neutralized resin with at least one surfactant in the absence of a solvent, the neutralized resin is emulsified to provide a latex emulsion containing latex particles, the latex particles being continuously A method for producing latex particles is disclosed, which comprises a step of recovering automatically.

JP 2009-191271 A JP 2009-237572 A

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a resin particle dispersion which is produced without using an organic solvent and contains a small amount of alkali metal element contained in resin particles.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an electrostatic image developing toner capable of obtaining an electrostatic image developing toner excellent in transferability.

The above-described problems of the present invention have been solved by means described in the following <1> and <5> to <10>. It is described below together with <2> to <4> which are preferred embodiments.
<1> A mixing step of mixing a binder resin, a basic substance, and a surfactant to obtain a mixture, and an emulsification step of emulsifying and dispersing the mixture and an aqueous medium to obtain a resin particle dispersion, and the emulsification step In the method for producing a resin particle dispersion, wherein an acidic substance is mixed in the resin particle dispersion,
<2> The method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to <1>, wherein in the emulsification step, an acidic substance is added in a state containing 15 to 40 parts by weight of an aqueous medium with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
<3> The method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to <1> or <2>, wherein the pH of the resin particle dispersion after mixing of the acidic substance is 4.0 or more and less than 7.2.
<4> The method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein an emulsification temperature in the emulsification step is a glass transition temperature Tg + 5 ° C. or higher of the binder resin.
<5> Aggregation step of aggregating resin particles in a dispersion containing the resin particle dispersion obtained by the production method according to any one of <1> to <4> to obtain aggregated particles, and A method for producing an electrostatic charge image developing toner comprising a fusing step of fusing the aggregated particles by heating;
<6> An electrostatic charge image developer containing the electrostatic charge image developing toner obtained by the production method according to <5> and a carrier,
<7> a toner cartridge containing the electrostatic image developing toner obtained by the production method according to at least <5>,
<8> Developing means for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with an electrostatic image developing toner or an electrostatic image developer to form a toner image, an image carrier, and an image carrier surface. At least one selected from the group consisting of a charging means for charging and a cleaning means for removing toner remaining on the surface of the image carrier, and the electrostatic image developing toner or the electrostatic image developing An electrostatic charge image developing toner obtained by the production method according to <5>, or a process cartridge containing the electrostatic charge image developer according to <6>, as an agent,
<9> A latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image carrier, and a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with a developer containing toner to form a toner image. And a fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred to the surface of the transfer medium, wherein the developer is the manufacturing method according to <5> An image forming method using the electrostatic charge image developing toner obtained by the above, or the electrostatic charge image developer according to <6>,
<10> Image carrier, charging unit for charging the image carrier, exposure unit for exposing the charged image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image carrier, and development including toner Developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image with an agent to form a toner image, transfer means for transferring the toner image from the image holding member to the surface of the transfer target, and toner transferred to the surface of the transfer target An electrostatic image developing toner obtained by the production method according to <5>, or the electrostatic image developer according to <6>. Image forming apparatus.

According to the invention described in <1> above, the resin particle dispersion produced without using an organic solvent and containing a small amount of alkali metal element contained in the resin particles, compared to the case where the present configuration is not provided. A manufacturing method is provided.
According to the invention described in <2> above, in the emulsification step, an acidic substance is added in a state of containing an aqueous medium less than 15 parts by weight or more than 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. A method for producing a resin particle dispersion in which the amount of alkali metal elements contained in the resin particles is smaller than that in the case of performing the above is provided.
According to the invention described in the above <3>, the resin particle dispersion after mixing the acidic substance has a pH of less than 4.0, or 7.2 or more. A method for producing a resin particle dispersion having a narrow particle size distribution and a smaller amount of alkali metal elements contained in the resin particles is provided.
According to the invention described in <4> above, the emulsification temperature in the emulsification step is less than the glass transition temperature Tg of the binder resin + 5 ° C. A method for producing fewer resin particle dispersions is provided.
According to the invention described in the above <5>, an electrostatic charge image developing toner excellent in transferability can be easily produced as compared with the case where this configuration is not provided.
According to the invention described in <6> above, an electrostatic charge image developer excellent in transferability is provided as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.
According to the invention described in <7> above, a toner cartridge is provided that accommodates an electrostatic charge image developing toner having excellent transferability as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.
According to the invention described in <8>, there is provided a process cartridge that accommodates an electrostatic image developing toner excellent in transferability as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.
According to the invention described in <9>, an image forming method excellent in transferability is provided as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.
According to the invention described in <10>, an image forming apparatus excellent in transferability is provided as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the manufacturing apparatus used suitably for this embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows another example of the manufacturing apparatus used suitably for this embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows another example of the manufacturing apparatus used suitably for this embodiment. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus preferably used in the present embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the process cartridge used suitably for this embodiment.

Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described.
In the present embodiment, the description “A to B” represents not only a range between A and B but also a range including A and B at both ends thereof. For example, if “A to B” is a numerical value range, “A or more and B or less” or “B or more and A or less” is represented.

(Method for producing resin particle dispersion)
The method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to this embodiment includes a mixing step of mixing a binder resin, a basic substance, and a surfactant to obtain a mixture, and emulsifying and dispersing the mixture and an aqueous medium to obtain a resin particle dispersion. In the emulsification step, an acidic substance is mixed with the resin particle dispersion.
The resin particle dispersion of this embodiment is a resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing a resin particle dispersion of this embodiment.
Further, the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing a resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment is suitably used as a resin particle dispersion for producing an electrostatic charge image developing toner.
The method for producing the resin particle dispersion of this embodiment does not use an organic solvent. Conventional wet polymerization methods such as suspension polymerization method, dissolution suspension method and emulsion aggregation method may use an organic solvent, but the method for producing the resin particle dispersion of this embodiment uses an organic solvent. Without mixing, it is not necessary to remove the organic solvent, there is no odor due to the residual organic solvent, and there is an economic and environmental advantage.
In the method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to this embodiment, the mixing step and the emulsification step are preferably performed using an extruder, and the mixing step and the emulsification step are performed using a single extruder. More preferably, the mixing step and the emulsification step are particularly preferably performed continuously using one extruder.
A preferable example of the extruder is a twin screw extruder.

In the conventional method that does not use an organic solvent, a large amount of alkali metal elements in the state of ions derived from basic substances and surfactants used during resin emulsification dispersion remain in the resin particles in the resin particle dispersion. The present inventors have found that. Further, the present inventors have found that when resin particles in which a large amount of alkali metal element remains are used as a raw material for an electrostatic charge image developing toner, there arises a problem that transferability of the electrostatic charge image developing toner deteriorates.
However, as a result of detailed studies by the present inventors, it was found that by mixing an acidic substance that would normally hinder emulsification and dispersion in the resin particle dispersion during the emulsification step, the alkali in the resin particles was mixed. It has been found that the amount of metal element is reduced.
In addition, it is described that an electrostatic charge image developing toner excellent in transferability can be obtained by using the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing a resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment as a raw material of the electrostatic charge image developing toner. The inventors found out.

<Mixing process>
The method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to this embodiment includes a mixing step of mixing a binder resin, a basic substance, and a surfactant to obtain a mixture.
In the mixing step, a basic substance may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and a surfactant may be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be.
The mixture is preferably a mixture comprising a binder resin, a basic substance, and a surfactant.
The mixture is preferably a mixture in which the binder resin is at least melted.

The amount of the basic substance used in the mixing step is preferably 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.005 to 5 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. The amount is more preferably 1 to 2 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight. Within the above range, the emulsion dispersibility is excellent, and the toner transferability is excellent.
The amount of the surfactant used in the mixing step is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. More preferably, it is 5 parts by weight. Within the above range, the emulsion dispersibility is excellent, and the toner transferability is excellent.

  In the mixing step, the binder resin, the basic substance, and the surfactant are mixed without using an organic solvent. The “organic solvent” in the present embodiment is an organic solvent that dissolves the binder resin, and is an organic solvent other than an aqueous medium such as alcohol.

The mixing temperature in the mixing step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 ° C to 150 ° C, more preferably 50 ° C to 100 ° C, from the viewpoint of uniformity of mixing and emulsification dispersibility in the emulsification step. preferable.
Further, the mixing temperature in the mixing step is a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder resin when the binder resin is an amorphous (non-crystalline) resin in order to facilitate mixing. It is more preferable that the temperature is Tg + 5 ° C. or higher of the binder resin, and when the binder resin is a crystalline resin, the temperature is not lower than the resin softening point (Tm) −40 ° C. of the binder resin. Preferably, the temperature is Tm−10 ° C. or higher of the binder resin, more preferably Tm or higher of the binder resin.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a mixing means used for the said mixing process, A well-known mixing apparatus etc. are used. Examples of the mixing device include a roll mill, a kneader, a pressure kneader, a Banbury mixer, a lab plast mill, a uniaxial or biaxial extruder, and the like.
Among these, an extruder and a kneader are preferable.

  Specific examples of the basic substance used in the mixing step include alkali metal hydroxides such as lithium, sodium and potassium, or alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides such as magnesium and calcium. Is mentioned. Among them, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide is preferable, alkali metal hydroxide is more preferable, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide is further preferable, and sodium hydroxide is particularly preferable.

  Examples of the surfactant used in the mixing step include various surfactants such as an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant. Among these, anionic surfactants are preferred, sulfate ester type or sulfonic acid type anionic surfactants are more preferred, sulfonic acid type anionic surfactants are more preferred, and alkylbenzene sulfonates are particularly preferred.

  As the anionic surfactant, any of carboxylic acid type, sulfuric acid ester type, sulfonic acid type, and phosphoric acid ester type may be used. For example, fatty acid salt, rosinate, naphthenate, ether carboxylate, alkenyl succinate, primary alkyl sulfate, secondary alkyl sulfate, alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate, alkylphenyl polyoxyethylene sulfate, Sulfuric acid monoacylglycerol salt, acylamino sulfate ester salt, sulfated oil, sulfated fatty acid alkyl ester, α-olefin sulfonate, secondary alkane sulfonate, α-sulfo fatty acid salt, acyl isethionate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, Alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, lignin sulfonate, alkyl phosphate, alkyl polyoxyethylene phosphate, alkylphenyl polyoxyethylene phosphate, pen Examples thereof include a rufluoroalkyl carboxylate, a perfluoroalkyl sulfonate, and a perfluoroalkyl phosphate.

An amphoteric surfactant is a surfactant that has both a cationic group and an anionic group in its molecular structure, and there is charge separation within the molecular structure, but no charge as a whole molecule. Means.
Examples of zwitterionic surfactants include N-alkylnitrilotriacetic acid, N-alkyldimethylbetaine, N-alkyloxymethyl-N, N-diethylbetaine, N-alkylsulfobetaine, N-alkylhydroxysulfobetaine, lecithin, Examples include perfluoroalkylsulfonamidoalkylbetaines.

  Examples of the cationic surfactant include N-acylamine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, and imidazolium salts. Specifically, for example, fatty acid polyethylene polyamide, amide, alkyltrimethylammonium salt, dialkyldimethylammonium salt. Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salt, alkylpyridinium salt, acylaminoethylmethyldiethylammonium salt, acylaminopropyldimethylbenzylammonium salt, acylaminopropyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium salt, acylaminoethylpyridinium salt, diacylaminoethylammonium salt, diacyloxy Ethylmethylhydroxyethylammonium salt, alkyloxymethylpyridinium salt, 1-acylaminoethyl-2-alkylimidazoli Salt-free, and the like.

  Nonionic surfactants include, for example, esters in which a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid are ester-bonded, ethers such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, and ethylene oxide. Examples include fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester to which ethylene oxide is added, fatty acid alkanolamide in which a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group are bonded by an amide bond, and an alkyl polyglycoside.

  The anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, cationic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are not limited to those listed above, but in addition to the above, known anionic surfactants , Amphoteric surfactants, cationic surfactants, and / or nonionic surfactants may be used.

The binder resin used in the mixing step is preferably a binder resin for electrostatic image developing toner.
Examples of the binder resin include polycondensation resins and addition polymerization resins. For example, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, styrene resins mainly composed of polystyrene, poly (α-methylstyrene), and polymethyl. Examples include (meth) acrylic resins, styrene- (meth) acrylic copolymer resins, polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, polyether resins, polyester resins, and copolymer resins mainly composed of methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, and the like. .
Among these, a polyester resin is preferable as the binder resin.
The binder resin is preferably a resin having an acid group such as a carboxylic acid group (carboxyl group) or a sulfonic acid group, more preferably a polyester resin having an acid group, and a polyester having a carboxyl group. More preferably, it is a resin. In the above embodiment, dispersion in an aqueous medium in the emulsification step is easier.

As the polycondensation resin, for example, polyester resin and polyamide resin can be preferably exemplified, and in particular, a polyester resin obtained by using a polycarboxylic acid and a polyol as a polycondensable monomer. It is preferable.
Examples of the polycondensable monomer that can be used in this embodiment include polycarboxylic acids, polyols, hydroxycarboxylic acids, polyamines, and mixtures thereof. In particular, the polycondensable monomer is preferably a polyvalent carboxylic acid, a polyol, and further an ester compound (oligomer and / or prepolymer) thereof, through a direct ester reaction or an ester exchange reaction, What obtains a polyester resin is good.
In this embodiment, the polycondensation resin is obtained by polycondensation of at least one selected from the group consisting of polycondensable monomers, oligomers thereof and prepolymers. Is preferably used.

The polyvalent carboxylic acid is a compound containing two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule. Among these, dicarboxylic acid is a compound containing two carboxyl groups in one molecule. For example, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, β-methyladipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, Nonanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, undecanedicarboxylic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, diglycolic acid, cyclohexane-3,5-diene-1,2-carboxylic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, malonic acid, pimeline Acid, peric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, chlorophthalic acid, nitrophthalic acid, p-carboxyphenylacetic acid, p-phenylenediacetic acid, m-phenylenediacetic acid, o-phenylenediacetic acid, diphenyl Acetic acid, diphenyl-p, p'-dicarboxylic acid, naphth Ren-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, anthracene dicarboxylic acid, and cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid.
Examples of the polycarboxylic acid other than dicarboxylic acid include trimellitic acid, trimesic acid, pyromellitic acid, naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, pyrenetricarboxylic acid, pyrenetetracarboxylic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, Examples thereof include n-dodecyl succinic acid, n-dodecenyl succinic acid, isododecyl succinic acid, isododecenyl succinic acid, n-octyl succinic acid, n-octenyl succinic acid, and the like, and lower esters thereof. Furthermore, these acid halides and acid anhydrides are also used.
These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
In addition, a lower ester shows that the carbon number of the alkoxy part of ester is 1-8. Specific examples include methyl ester, ethyl ester, n-propyl ester, isopropyl ester, n-butyl ester, and isobutyl ester.

A polyol is a compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule. Among these, diol is a compound containing two hydroxyl groups in one molecule. Specifically, for example, as diol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,13-tridecanediol, 1,14-tetradecanediol, 1,18-octadecanediol, 1,14-eicosandecanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol , Dipropylene glycol, polyester Lenglycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-butenediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, polytetramethylene glycol, Examples include hydrogenated bisphenol A, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and alkylene oxide (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc.) adducts of the above bisphenols. Among these, preferred are alkylene glycols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenols, and particularly preferred are alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenols and alkylene glycols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. It is combined use with.
Moreover, in order to make water dispersibility easy, a 2, 2- dimethylol propionic acid, a 2, 2- dimethylol butanoic acid, a 2, 2- dimethylol valeric acid etc. are illustrated, for example.

Examples of trihydric or higher alcohols include glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, hexamethylolmelamine, hexaethylolmelamine, tetramethylolbenzoguanamine, tetraethylolbenzoguanamine, sorbitol, trisphenol PA, phenol novolac, Examples thereof include cresol novolac, and alkylene oxide adducts of the above trivalent or higher polyphenols. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
In addition, an amorphous resin or a crystalline resin can be easily obtained by combining these polycondensable monomers.

  Hydroxycarboxylic acid can also be used. Specific examples of the hydroxycarboxylic acid include hydroxyheptanoic acid, hydroxyoctanoic acid, hydroxydecanoic acid, hydroxyundecanoic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, mucoic acid, and citric acid.

  Polyamines include ethylenediamine, diethylenediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,4-butenediamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-butane. Examples include diamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, 1,4-cyclohexanebis (methylamine), and the like.

  The weight average molecular weight of the polycondensation resin obtained by polycondensation of the polycondensable monomer is preferably 1,500 or more and 40,000 or less, and preferably 3,000 or more and 30,000 or less. More preferred. When the weight average molecular weight is 1,500 or more, the cohesive force of the binder resin is good and the hot offset property is excellent, and when it is 40,000 or less, the hot offset property is excellent and the minimum fixing temperature is excellent. This is preferable. Further, it may be partially branched or cross-linked by selecting the carboxylic acid valence or alcohol valence of the monomer.

Moreover, it is preferable that the acid value of the polyester resin obtained is 1 mg * KOH / g or more and 50 mg * KOH / g or less. The first reason is that control of the particle size and distribution of the toner in the aqueous medium is indispensable for practical use as a high-quality toner, and the acid value is 1 mg · KOH / g or more. In the granulation step, sufficient particle size and distribution can be achieved, and when used in toner, sufficient chargeability can be obtained. Further, when the acid value of the polyester to be polycondensed is 50 mg · KOH / g or less, a sufficient molecular weight for obtaining image quality strength as a toner at the time of polycondensation can be obtained, and the chargeability of the toner under high humidity Is less dependent on the environment and has excellent image reliability.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a measuring method of an acid value, It is preferable to measure according to JISK0070.

When using an amorphous polyester resin, the glass transition temperature Tg of the amorphous polyester resin is preferably 50 ° C to 80 ° C, and more preferably 50 ° C to 65 ° C. When the Tg is 50 ° C. or more, the cohesive force of the binder resin itself in a high temperature range is good, and thus the hot offset property is excellent at the time of fixing. Further, when Tg is 80 ° C. or less, sufficient melting is obtained and the minimum fixing temperature is hardly increased.
The glass transition temperature of the binder resin refers to a value measured by a method (DSC method) defined in ASTM D3418-82.

Examples of the addition polymerizable monomer used for the preparation of the addition polymerization type resin include a cationic polymerizable monomer and a radical polymerizable monomer, and a radical polymerizable monomer is preferable.
As radically polymerizable monomers, styrenic monomers, unsaturated carboxylic acids, (meth) acrylates ("(meth) acrylate" means acrylate and methacrylate, and so on. N-vinyl compounds, vinyl esters, halogenated vinyl compounds, N-substituted unsaturated amides, conjugated dienes, polyfunctional vinyl compounds, polyfunctional (meth) acrylates, and the like. . Among these, N-substituted unsaturated amides, conjugated dienes, polyfunctional vinyl compounds, polyfunctional (meth) acrylates, and the like may cause a crosslinking reaction in the produced polymer. it can. These can be used alone or in combination.

Examples of the addition polymerizable monomer that can be used in this embodiment include a radical polymerizable monomer, a cationic polymerizable monomer, or an anion polymerizable monomer. Preferably there is.
The radically polymerizable monomer is preferably a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and has an aromatic ethylenically unsaturated compound (hereinafter also referred to as “vinyl aromatic”) or an ethylenically unsaturated bond. Carboxylic acids (unsaturated carboxylic acids), derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as esters, aldehydes, nitriles or amides, N-vinyl compounds, vinyl esters, halogenated vinyl compounds, N-substituted unsaturated amides, conjugated dienes, many It is more preferably a functional vinyl compound or a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate.

  Specifically, for example, unsubstituted vinyl aromatics such as styrene and p-vinylpyridine, α-substituted styrene such as α-methylstyrene and α-ethylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, 2, Aromatic nucleus substituted styrene such as 5-dimethylstyrene, vinyl aromatics such as aromatic nucleus halogen substituted styrene such as p-chlorostyrene, p-bromostyrene, dibromostyrene, (meth) acrylic acid (in addition, “(meth) acrylic” "Means acrylic and methacrylic, and the same shall apply hereinafter.), Unsaturated carboxylic acids such as crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl ( (Meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate Unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylaldehyde, (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide, etc. Unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives, N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl pyridine and N-vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl esters such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride, etc. Halogenated vinyl compounds, N-methylol acrylamide, N-ethylol acrylamide, N-propanol acrylamide, N-methylol maleamic acid, N-methylol maleamic acid ester, N-methylol maleimide, N-ethylo N-substituted unsaturated amides such as lumaleimide, conjugated dienes such as butadiene and isoprene, polyfunctional vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene and divinylcyclohexane, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate , Propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetramethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexamethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri ( (Meth) acrylate, glycerol di (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythrito Tritri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, Examples include polyfunctional acrylates such as dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, sorbitol tri (meth) acrylate, sorbitol tetra (meth) acrylate, sorbitol penta (meth) acrylate, and sorbitol hexa (meth) acrylate. Moreover, the sulfonic acid and phosphonic acid which have an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and those derivatives can also be used. Among these, N-substituted unsaturated amides, conjugated dienes, polyfunctional vinyl compounds, polyfunctional acrylates, and the like can also cause a crosslinking reaction in the produced polymer. These addition polymerizable monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

<Emulsification process>
The method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to this embodiment includes an emulsification step of emulsifying and dispersing the mixture and an aqueous medium to obtain a resin particle dispersion, and an acidic substance is mixed into the resin particle dispersion during the emulsification step. To do.
The addition timing of the acidic substance in the emulsification step is not particularly limited as long as it is in the emulsification step, but it is preferable to add the acidic substance in a state containing both the mixture and the aqueous medium, and 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. On the other hand, it is more preferable to add the acidic substance in a state containing 15 to 40 parts by weight of the aqueous medium, and to add the acidic substance in a state containing 20 to 35 parts by weight of the aqueous medium with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Is particularly preferred. In the above embodiment, the particle size distribution of the resin particles in the resin particle dispersion liquid is narrow, and alkali metal elements such as alkali metal ions can be further removed from the obtained resin particles, and the transfer property of the toner is excellent.
The emulsification dispersion in the emulsification step is preferably performed by phase inversion emulsification. That is, in the emulsification step, it is preferable to add an aqueous medium continuously or sequentially to the mixture and emulsify and disperse. Add a part of the aqueous medium to the mixture, and then add an aqueous medium containing an acidic substance. It is more preferable to carry out emulsion dispersion.
Also, an emulsified dispersion in the emulsification step is preferably carried out by applying a shearing force to the mixture and the aqueous medium. Moreover, it is preferable to use an extruder or a kneader for the emulsification step.

The acidic substance used in the emulsification step is preferably an inorganic acid or an organic sulfonic acid, and more preferably an inorganic acid. The acidic substance is preferably an acidic substance having a pKa of 3 or less, and more preferably an acidic substance having a pKa of 1 or less.
As the inorganic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is preferable, nitric acid or sulfuric acid is more preferable, and nitric acid is particularly preferable. In the above embodiment, precipitation of trace element-derived salts and the like is less likely to occur, alkali metal elements such as alkali metal ions can be further removed from the obtained resin particles, and toner transfer properties are excellent.
In the emulsification step, the acidic substance is preferably added as an aqueous medium containing the acidic substance. In the above embodiment, decomposition or deterioration of the resin due to the acidic substance can be suppressed, alkali metal elements such as alkali metal ions can be further removed from the obtained resin particles, and toner transferability is excellent.
The content of the acidic substance in the aqueous medium containing the acidic substance is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, and 1 to 5% by weight. It is particularly preferred. Within the above range, alkali metal elements such as alkali metal ions can be further removed from the obtained resin particles, and the toner transfer property is more excellent.
Preferred examples of the aqueous medium containing the acidic substance include 0.1 to 20% by weight nitric acid aqueous solution, that is, dilute nitric acid.

The acidic substance in the emulsification step may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The amount of the acidic substance used in the emulsification step is preferably such that the pH of the resin particle dispersion after mixing of the acidic substance is 4.0 or more and less than 7.2, and the pH of the resin particle dispersion after mixing of the acidic substance. Is more preferably 4.5 or more and 6.8 or less, and particularly preferably an amount in which the pH of the resin particle dispersion after mixing of the acidic substance is 5.0 or more and 6.5 or less. Within the above range, the storage stability of the resin particle dispersion is excellent, the particle size distribution of the resin particles in the resin particle dispersion is narrow, and alkali metal elements such as alkali metal ions can be further removed from the obtained resin particles. In addition, it is more excellent in toner transferability.
The amount of the acidic substance used in the emulsification step is preferably 0.005 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. More preferably, the content is 0.02 to 0.5 parts by weight. In the above embodiment, alkali metal elements such as alkali metal ions can be further removed from the obtained resin particles, and toner transfer properties are excellent.

Examples of the aqueous medium used in the present embodiment include water such as distilled water and ion exchange water, and alcohols such as ethanol and methanol. Among these, ethanol and water are preferable, and water such as distilled water and ion-exchanged water is particularly preferable. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
Further, the aqueous medium may contain a water-miscible organic solvent, but it is preferably not included in the emulsification step.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as the usage-amount of the aqueous medium in the said emulsification process, What is necessary is just to select suitably according to the solid content concentration of the resin particle dispersion obtained.
The solid content concentration of the obtained resin particle dispersion may be appropriately selected as necessary, but is preferably 1 to 60% by weight, more preferably 5 to 50% by weight, and 10 to 50% by weight. More preferably it is.

The emulsification temperature in the emulsification step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. from the viewpoint of emulsification dispersibility in the emulsification step.
The emulsification temperature in the emulsification step is preferably a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder resin, and more preferably a temperature equal to or higher than Tg + 5 ° C. of the binder resin. In the case where the binder resin is a crystalline resin, the emulsification temperature in the emulsification step is preferably a resin softening point (Tm) of the binder resin −40 ° C. or higher, and Tm-10 of the binder resin. It is more preferable that the temperature is not lower than ° C., and it is even more preferable that the temperature is not lower than Tm of the binder resin.

The emulsification means used in the emulsification step is not particularly limited, and a known disperser or emulsifier may be used. For example, a kneader, a homogenizer, a homomixer, a pressure kneader, an extruder, a media disperser, uniaxial or A twin screw extruder may be used.
Among these, an extruder and a kneader are preferable.
The emulsification apparatus used in the emulsification step is not particularly limited to a batch or continuous type, but a twin screw extruder as exemplified in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 can be preferably exemplified.
A twin screw extruder 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a twin screw (not shown) inside a cylinder 12, and the cylinder 12 includes a raw material inlet 14, a base aqueous solution inlet 16, a surfactant inlet 18, It has water or acidic substance inlets 20 to 22 and an outlet 24. Moreover, you may equip the pH measuring apparatus 23 for monitoring pH, and also cooling equipment (not shown) after a discharge port. A supply line 26 for supplying the raw material is connected to each inlet, and each supply line is provided with a pump 28 whose supply amount can be adjusted as necessary. A resin supply machine 30 is connected to the raw material inlet 14 through a supply line 26. A base aqueous solution inlet 16 is provided on the side wall of the raw material inlet 14, and a base aqueous solution tank 32 is connected to the base aqueous solution inlet 16 through a supply line 26. A surfactant aqueous solution tank 34 is connected to the surfactant inlet 18 via a supply line 26, and the surfactant aqueous solution tank 34 is provided with a temperature control device 36 such as a thermostatic bath. A pure water tank 38 and an acidic substance tank 39 are connected to the water or acidic substance inlets 20 to 22 by a supply line 26, respectively, and a heater 40 is provided in the pure water tank 38.
Compared with the twin-screw extruder 10 shown in FIG. 1, the twin-screw extruder 10 shown in FIG. 2 has a pure water tank 38 connected to the water or acidic substance inlet 21, and the water or acidic substance inlet 22. Is connected to an acidic substance tank 39 and is different in that the pH measuring device 23 is located immediately downstream of the water or acidic substance inlet 22.

  The position of the acidic substance inlet is not particularly limited, and can be configured as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, but before adding the acidic substance, as shown in FIG. Preferably they are arranged. The cylinder 12 in the twin screw extruder 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a section called a resin supply barrel 42. For example, the structure of the twin screw is changed for each barrel, or the temperature control is changed. can do. Each barrel of the cylinder portion 44 other than the resin supply barrel 42 may be provided with water or acidic substance inlets 20 to 22 as desired. 1 and 2, each barrel in the cylinder 12 is a section divided by a dotted line. Moreover, the twin-screw extruder 10 is provided with the temperature control apparatus (not shown). The screw (not shown) provided in the cylinder 12 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 is not particularly limited, and is composed of a kneading disk element and a screw element, and a plurality of kinds of kneading disk elements and screw elements are combined. It is preferable that it is comprised.

Moreover, as an emulsifier used for the said emulsification process, the kneader which is illustrated in FIG. 3 can be mentioned preferably.
The kneader 50 shown in FIG. 3 has a blade 51 inside the casing 54, the blade 51 can be rotated by the motor 52, and the rotation speed is changed by a gear (not shown) in the gear box 53. Can do. The casing 54 is connected to a reservoir 55 for storing water, a surfactant, a base, an acidic substance, and the like, a pump 56, and a supply line 57. The casing 54 is provided with a heater (not shown) around the casing 54 and can be heated to an arbitrary temperature.

The average particle diameter (volume average particle diameter) of the resin particles in the obtained resin particle dispersion is preferably in the range of 60 nm to 300 nm, and more preferably in the range of 120 nm to 250 nm. Within the above range, the cohesiveness of the resin particles is sufficient, and the particle size distribution of the toner can be narrowed.
The volume average particle diameter of the obtained resin particle dispersion is, for example, Microtrac (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Microtrac UPA 9340) or laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., LA-700). ), And it is more preferable to measure with a microtrack (Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Microtrac UPA9340).
Specific examples of the measuring method include the following methods.
The sample in the state of dispersion is adjusted so as to have a solid content of about 2 g, and ion exchange water is added thereto to make about 40 ml. This is put into the cell until an appropriate concentration is reached, waits for about 2 minutes, and is measured when the concentration in the cell becomes almost stable. The obtained volume average particle diameter for each channel is accumulated from the smaller volume average particle diameter, and the volume average particle diameter (D ₅₀ ) is defined as 50%.

The manufacturing method of the resin particle dispersion liquid of this embodiment may include other processes other than the said mixing process and the said emulsification process.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as another process, A well-known process can be performed as needed, For example, the process etc. which cool the obtained resin particle dispersion liquid are mentioned.

(Electrostatic image developing toner)
The electrostatic image developing toner of the present embodiment (hereinafter also simply referred to as “toner”) binds the resin particles dispersed in the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing the resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment. The toner is at least used as a resin.

<Binder resin>
The binder resin in the electrostatic image developing toner of this embodiment contains at least a resin derived from the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing a resin particle dispersion of this embodiment.
The electrostatic image developing toner of the present embodiment may contain a resin other than the resin derived from the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing the resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment as a binder resin. Is preferably less than 60% by weight, more preferably 20% by weight or less, still more preferably 10% by weight or less, and particularly preferably not contained, based on the total weight of the binder resin contained in . The above aspect is more excellent in fixing characteristics.
In addition, the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the present embodiment may be used alone as the binder resin, the resin derived from the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing the resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment. Two or more kinds may be used in combination.
The resin other than the resin derived from the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing the resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and a known resin used for toner is used.

  Further, the content of the binder resin in the toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably 10 to 95% by weight, more preferably 30 to 90% by weight, and more preferably 50 to 90% by weight with respect to the total weight of the toner. % Is more preferable.

<Colorant>
The toner of the present exemplary embodiment may contain a colorant as necessary.
A known colorant can be used as the colorant, and may be arbitrarily selected from the viewpoints of hue angle, saturation, brightness, weather resistance, OHP permeability, and dispersibility in the toner.
Specifically, various pigments such as watch young red, permanent red, brilliantamine 3B, brilliantamine 6B, dapon oil red, pyrazolone red, resol red, rhodamine B lake, lake red C rose bengal, and acridine series , Xanthene, azo, benzoquinone, azine, anthraquinone, thioindico, dioxazine, thiazine, azomethine, indico, thioindico, phthalocyanine, aniline black, polymethine, triphenylmethane, diphenylmethane Examples thereof include various colorants such as those based on thiazine, thiazine, thiazole and xanthene.

  Specific examples of the colorant include carbon black, nigrosine dye (CI No. 50415B), aniline blue (CI No. 50405), calco oil blue (CI No. azoic Blue 3), chrome yellow (CI No.14090), Ultramarine Blue (CINo.77103), DuPont Oil Red (CINo.26105), Quinoline Yellow (CINo.47005), Methylene Blue Chloride (CINo.52015), Phthalocyanine Blue (CINo.74160) ), Malachite green oxalate (CI No. 42000), lamp black (CI No. 77266), rose bengal (CI No. 45435), and mixtures thereof can be preferably used.

The amount of the colorant used is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight and more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner. Moreover, as a coloring agent, these pigments, dyes, etc. can be used individually by 1 type, or 2 or more types can be used together.
As a method for dispersing the colorant, an arbitrary method, for example, a general dispersion method such as a rotary shear type homogenizer, a ball mill having a medium, a sand mill, or a dyno mill can be used, and the method is not limited at all. These colorant particles may be added to the mixed solvent at the same time as other particle components, or may be divided and added in multiple stages.

<Release agent>
The electrostatic image developing toner of this embodiment preferably contains a release agent.
Specific examples of the release agent include, for example, ester wax, polyethylene, polypropylene or a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, polyglycerin wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, carnauba wax, sazol wax, montanic acid ester wax, Acid carnauba wax, palmitic acid, stearic acid, montanic acid, brassic acid, eleostearic acid, valinalic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids, stearyl alcohol, aralkyl alcohol, bephenyl alcohol, carnauvyl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, melylyl Saturated alcohols such as alcohols or further long-chain alkyl alcohols having a long-chain alkyl group; polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol; linoleic acid amide, oleic acid Fatty acid amides such as amide and lauric acid amide; methylene bis stearic acid amide, ethylene biscapric acid amide, ethylene bis lauric acid amide, saturated fatty acid bisamides such as hexamethylene bis stearic acid amide, ethylene bisoleic acid amide, hexamethylene Unsaturated fatty acid amides such as bisoleic acid amide, N, N′-dioleyl adipic acid amide, N, N′-dioleyl sebacic acid amide; m-xylene bisstearic acid amide, N, N′-distearyl Aromatic bisamides such as isophthalic acid amide; fatty acid metal salts such as calcium stearate, calcium laurate, zinc stearate and magnesium stearate (generally called metal soap); styrene and acrylic on aliphatic hydrocarbon wax acid Waxes grafted with any vinyl monomer; partially esterified products of fatty acids such as behenic monoglyceride and polyhydric alcohols; methyl ester compounds having hydroxyl groups obtained by hydrogenation of vegetable oils and the like . Among these, waxes are preferable.

The said mold release agent may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
The content of the releasing agent is preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Within the above range, both good fixing and image quality characteristics can be achieved.

<Other ingredients>
In addition to the above components, various components such as an internal additive, a charge control agent, inorganic powder (inorganic particles), and organic particles may be added to the toner as necessary.
Examples of the internal additive include metals such as ferrite, magnetite, reduced iron, cobalt, nickel, and manganese, alloys, and magnetic materials such as compounds containing these metals. When the magnetic material is used as a magnetic toner, the ferromagnetic particles preferably have an average particle size of 2 μm or less, more preferably about 0.1 to 0.5 μm. The amount contained in the toner is preferably 20 to 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component, and particularly preferably 40 to 150 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component. Further, it is preferable that the magnetic characteristics at the application of 10K oersted are those having a coercive force (Hc) of 20 to 300 oersted, saturation magnetization (σs) of 50 to 200 emu / g, and residual magnetization (σr) of 2 to 20 emu / g.

  Examples of the charge control agent include fluorine surfactants, salicylic acid metal complexes, metal-containing dyes such as azo metal compounds, polymer acids such as polymers containing maleic acid as a monomer component, and quaternary ammonium salts. And azine dyes such as nigrosine.

  The toner may contain an inorganic powder for the purpose of adjusting viscoelasticity. Examples of inorganic powders include silica, alumina, titania, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and cerium oxide. Can be mentioned.

<External additive>
An external additive may be externally added to the surface of the toner as necessary. Examples of the external additive externally added to the surface include inorganic particles and organic particles.
Examples of inorganic particles include silica, alumina, titanium oxide, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc oxide, silica sand, clay, mica, wollastonite, diatomaceous earth, cerium chloride, Examples include Bengala, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride.
Inorganic particles are generally used for the purpose of improving fluidity. The average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is preferably in the range of 1 to 200 nm. The addition amount of the inorganic particles is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner.

It is preferable that the surface of the inorganic particles is previously hydrophobized. This hydrophobization treatment is more effective for improving the powder fluidity of the toner, as well as the environmental dependency of charging and the resistance to carrier contamination.
The hydrophobizing treatment may be performed by immersing the inorganic particles in a hydrophobizing agent. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as said hydrophobic treatment agent, For example, a silane coupling agent, a silicone oil, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminum coupling agent etc. are mentioned. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together. Among these, silane coupling agents are preferable.

  Organic particles are generally used for the purpose of improving cleaning properties and transfer properties. Specifically, for example, fluorine resin powders such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene, fatty acid metal salts such as zinc stearate and calcium stearate. , Polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and the like.

Among these, it is preferable to use inorganic oxides such as titania and silica from the viewpoint of improving fluidity and charging characteristics.
Moreover, an external additive may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
The ratio of the external additive externally added to the toner base particles before external addition is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, and in the range of 0.1 to 3.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles. Is more preferable.

<Aspects and physical properties of toner>
The toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a core-shell toner, and it is preferable that both the core and the shell include a resin derived from the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing the resin particle dispersion of the exemplary embodiment.
The thickness (average total thickness) of the shell layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 2.5 μm.
The amount of the shell layer is preferably 0.01 to 40% by weight and more preferably 0.1 to 35% by weight with respect to the total weight of the toner base particles.

The volume average particle diameter (D _50v ) of the toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably 2 μm or more and 20 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and further preferably 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less. Within the above range, transfer unevenness in a high temperature and high humidity environment is further suppressed.
Further, the volume average particle diameter (D _50v ) of the toner base particles in the toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably 2 μm or more and 20 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and further preferably 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less. Within the above range, transfer unevenness in a high temperature and high humidity environment is further suppressed.
The toner preferably has a narrower particle size distribution. More specifically, the ratio between the 16% diameter (D _16p ) and the 84% diameter (D _84p ) in terms of the smaller number particle size of the toner is expressed as a square root. (GSDp), that is, GSDp represented by the following formula is preferably 1.40 or less, more preferably 1.31 or less, and particularly preferably 1.27 or less. Moreover, it is preferable that GSDp is 1.15 or more.
_{GSDp = {(D 84p) /} (D 16p)} 0.5
If the volume average particle size and GSDp are both in the above ranges, extremely small particles do not exist, and therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in developability due to an excessive charge amount of the small particle size toner.

  A Coulter Multisizer II (manufactured by Beckman-Coulter) can be used for measuring the average particle diameter of particles such as toner. In this case, measurement can be performed using an optimum aperture depending on the particle size level of the particles. The particle diameter of the measured particle is expressed by a volume average particle diameter.

In this embodiment, the toner shape factor SF1 is preferably in the range of 110 to 160, and more preferably in the range of 120 to 150. Within the above range, transfer unevenness in a high temperature and high humidity environment is further suppressed.
The shape factor SF1 is a shape factor indicating the degree of unevenness on the particle surface, and is calculated by the following equation.

In the formula, ML indicates the maximum length of the particle, and A indicates the projected area of the particle.
As a specific measurement method of SF1, for example, first, an optical microscope image of toner spread on a slide glass is taken into an image analysis device through a video camera, SF1 is calculated for 50 toners, and an average value is obtained. Is mentioned.

(Method for producing electrostatic image developing toner)
The method for producing an electrostatic charge image developing toner according to the present embodiment obtains agglomerated particles by aggregating the resin particles in a dispersion containing the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to the present embodiment. A process (hereinafter also referred to as “aggregation process”), and a process of heating and coalescing the aggregated particles (hereinafter also referred to as “fusion process”).

<Aggregation process>
The toner manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes an aggregating step of aggregating the resin particles in a dispersion containing the resin particle dispersion obtained by the resin particle dispersion manufacturing method of the present embodiment to obtain aggregated particles. It is preferable.
In the aggregation step, the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing the resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment mixed with each other, and, if necessary, in the colorant dispersion and the release agent dispersion Each particle is aggregated in an aqueous medium to form aggregated particles having a desired volume average particle diameter in the aggregate. The aggregated particles are formed by heteroaggregation or the like, and a surfactant or an aggregating agent may be added for the purpose of stabilizing the aggregated particles and controlling the particle size / particle size distribution. The formation of the aggregated particles is preferably performed by adding an aggregating agent while stirring with a rotary shearing type homogenizer. The temperature in the aggregation step is not particularly limited as long as the aggregation proceeds, but is preferably 10 ° C to 55 ° C.
In the present embodiment, depending on the purpose, at least one of the resin particle dispersion, the colorant dispersion, and the release agent dispersion includes an internal additive, a charge control agent, an inorganic particle, and an organic particle. In addition, other components (particles) such as a lubricant and an abrasive may be dispersed. Further, for example, other components (particles) may be dispersed in at least one of the binder resin dispersion, the colorant dispersion, and the release agent dispersion, or the resin particle dispersion and the colorant. You may mix the dispersion liquid which disperse | distributes another component (particle | grains) in the liquid mixture formed by mixing a dispersion liquid and a mold release agent dispersion liquid.

Examples of the dispersion medium in the dispersion liquid such as the colorant dispersion liquid and the release agent dispersion liquid include an aqueous medium.
What was mentioned above is mentioned as an aqueous medium used for this embodiment. Among these, ethanol and water are preferable, and water such as distilled water and ion-exchanged water is particularly preferable. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
The aqueous medium may contain a water-miscible organic solvent. Examples of the water-miscible organic solvent include acetone and acetic acid.

The aggregating step is a step of making the pH of the dispersion containing the resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing a resin particle dispersion of this embodiment acidic (preferably pH 6 or less), and adding an aggregating agent to the dispersion And a step of making the pH of the dispersion alkaline (preferably pH 8 or higher) in this order. By making the pH of the dispersion acidic, the cohesion is excellent, and by making the pH alkaline, the aggregation is stopped or suppressed.
Moreover, in the said aggregation process, after adding a flocculant to a dispersion liquid, it is preferable to heat the temperature of a dispersion liquid to 35 to 55 degreeC.

[Surfactant]
In the exemplary embodiment, a surfactant can be used for the purpose of stabilizing the dispersion of the resin particle dispersion, the colorant dispersion, the release agent dispersion, and the like in the aggregation process, for example, during the production of the toner.
Examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants such as sulfate ester, sulfonate, phosphate ester, and soap; cationic surfactants such as amine salt type and quaternary ammonium salt type; polyethylene Nonionic surfactants such as glycols, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts, polyhydric alcohols and the like can be mentioned. Among these, an ionic surfactant is preferable, and an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant are more preferable.

In toners, anionic surfactants generally have a strong dispersing power and are excellent in dispersing resin particles and colorants. Moreover, it is advantageous to use an anionic surfactant as the surfactant for dispersing the release agent.
The nonionic surfactant is preferably used in combination with the anionic surfactant or the cationic surfactant. The said surfactant may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

  The content of the surfactant in the colorant dispersion and the release agent dispersion may be a level that does not hinder the present embodiment, and is generally small, specifically 0.01 wt. % To 3% by weight, more preferably 0.05% to 2% by weight, and more preferably 0.1% to 1% by weight. preferable. Within the above range, each dispersion such as a colorant dispersion and a release agent dispersion is stable, neither aggregation nor release of specific particles occurs, and the effects of the present embodiment are sufficiently obtained. In general, a suspension-polymerized toner dispersion having a large particle size is stable even when a small amount of a surfactant is used.

[Flocculant]
In the aggregating step, agglomeration is generated by pH change or the like, and agglomerated particles having a toner particle size containing a binder resin and a colorant can be prepared. At the same time, an aggregating agent may be added in order to stably and rapidly aggregate the particles or to obtain aggregated particles having a narrower particle size distribution.
As the flocculant, a compound having a monovalent or higher charge is preferable, and specific examples of the compound include water-soluble surfactants such as the above-mentioned ionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, Acids such as nitric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, (poly) aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate, aluminum nitrate, silver nitrate, copper sulfate, sodium carbonate, inorganic acid metal salts, sodium acetate, formic acid Examples thereof include aliphatic acids such as potassium, sodium oxalate, sodium phthalate and potassium salicylate, metal salts of aromatic acids, and metal salts of phenols such as sodium phenolate.

In consideration of the stability of the aggregated particles, the stability of the coagulant with respect to heat and time, and the removal during washing, a metal salt of an inorganic acid is preferable as the coagulant in terms of performance and use. Specific examples include metal salts of inorganic acids such as (poly) aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate, aluminum nitrate, silver nitrate, copper sulfate, and sodium carbonate.
The amount of these flocculants to be added varies depending on the valence of the charge, but it is preferable that all of them are small in quantity. Is preferably 0.5% by weight or less. Since the amount of the flocculant is preferably small, it is preferable to use a compound having a large valence.

[Production method of colorant dispersion]
The colorant dispersion is formed by dispersing at least a colorant.
The colorant is dispersed by a known method. For example, a rotary-type homogenizer, a ball-type mill, a sand mill, an attritor-type media type dispersing machine, a high-pressure counter-collision type dispersing machine, or the like is preferably used. The colorant may be an ionic surfactant having polarity and dispersed in an aqueous solvent using a homogenizer as described above to produce a colorant particle dispersion. A coloring agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together. The volume average particle size of the colorant (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an average particle size) is preferably 1 μm or less, more preferably 0.5 μm or less, and 0.01 to 0.5 μm. Is particularly preferred.
In addition, rosin, rosin derivatives, coupling agents, polymer dispersions are added as dispersants to further stabilize the dispersion stability of the colorant in the aqueous medium and lower the energy of the colorant in the toner. Agents and the like.

[Method for preparing release agent dispersion]
The release agent dispersion is formed by dispersing at least a release agent.
The release agent is dispersed by a known method, and for example, a rotary shearing type homogenizer, a media type dispersing machine such as a ball mill, a sand mill, or an attritor, a high pressure opposed collision type dispersing machine or the like is preferably used. The release agent may be a ionic surfactant having polarity and dispersed in an aqueous solvent using a homogenizer as described above to prepare a release agent particle dispersion. In this embodiment, a mold release agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together. The average particle size of the release agent particles is preferably 1 μm or less, and more preferably 0.01 to 1 μm.

<Addition step and shell adhesion step>
The toner manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes an addition step of adding resin particles to the dispersion containing the aggregate after the aggregation and forming the aggregate, and attaching the resin particles to the surface of the aggregate And a shell attaching step for obtaining aggregated particles. The resin particles are preferably resin particles contained in a resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing a resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment. That is, the adding step is preferably a step of further adding a resin particle dispersion obtained by the method for producing a resin particle dispersion of the present embodiment to the dispersion containing the aggregates.

The addition amount of the resin particles in the addition step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 40% by weight, and preferably 0.1 to 35% by weight with respect to the total weight of the toner base particles. More preferred.
As the flocculant used in the shell adhering step, the flocculant added in the flocculant step may be used as it is or may be newly added.
The temperature of the dispersion in the shell attaching step is not particularly limited as long as the temperature allows the resin particles to adhere to the surface of the aggregate. .
In addition, the addition step and the shell adhesion step may be performed while the addition step is performed, or the shell adhesion step may be performed after the addition step. Regarding the addition step subsequent to the shell attachment step, it is preferable to take an interval in consideration of the time during which the resin particles added in the previous addition step adhere to the surface of the aggregate in the shell attachment step.
In the addition step and / or the shell attachment step, a surfactant may be added or the pH may be adjusted for the purpose of stabilizing the aggregate and controlling the particle size / particle size distribution.

<Fusion process>
The method for producing an electrostatic charge image developing toner according to this embodiment preferably includes a fusing step of heating and fusing the aggregated particles.
In the fusing step, the binder resin in the aggregated particles melts at a temperature condition higher than its melting point or glass transition temperature, and the aggregated particles change from an indeterminate shape to a more spherical shape.
The heating temperature in the fusion step is preferably in the range of (melting temperature of the used crystalline resin +0 to 50) ° C. or (glass transition temperature of the used amorphous resin particles +0 to 50) ° C. The melting temperature of the crystalline resin used + 0 to 40) ° C. or (the glass transition temperature of the amorphous polyester resin particles + 10 to 40) ° C. is more preferable.
The heating time may be as long as fusion between particles is performed, and is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours.
Cooling is performed after the aggregated particles are fused to obtain fused particles. Also, in the cooling process, the cooling rate is increased in the vicinity of the melting temperature of the release agent and binder resin (melting temperature ± 10 ° C range), so-called rapid cooling enables recrystallization of the release agent and binder resin. It may be suppressed to suppress surface exposure.

<Other processes>
After completion of the fusion process, a desired toner may be obtained through an arbitrary washing process, solid-liquid separation process, drying process, external addition process, and the like.
In the washing step, it is preferable to sufficiently perform substitution washing with ion-exchanged water from the viewpoint of chargeability. The solid-liquid separation step is not particularly limited, but suction filtration, pressure filtration, and the like are preferably used from the viewpoint of productivity. Furthermore, the drying process is not particularly limited, but freeze drying, flash jet drying, fluidized drying, vibration fluidized drying, etc. are preferably used from the viewpoint of productivity. In the toner of the present exemplary embodiment, the moisture content after drying is preferably adjusted to 1.0% by weight or less, and more preferably adjusted to 0.5% by weight or less.
The method for externally adding inorganic particles such as silica and titania to the surface of the toner base particles in the external addition step is not particularly limited, and a known method is used, for example, adhesion by a mechanical method or a chemical method. The method of letting it be mentioned.

(Electrostatic image developer)
The electrostatic charge image developer of the present exemplary embodiment (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “developer”) is not particularly limited as long as it contains the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment. May be a one-component developer used in the above, or a two-component developer containing a toner and a carrier. In the case of a one-component developer, a toner containing magnetic metal particles or a non-magnetic one-component toner containing no magnetic metal particles may be used.

The carrier is not particularly limited as long as it is a known carrier, and iron powder carriers, ferrite carriers, surface-coated ferrite carriers, and the like are used. Each surface-added powder may be used after a desired surface treatment.
Specific examples of the carrier include the following resin-coated carriers. Examples of the carrier core particle include normal iron powder, ferrite, and magnetite molding, and the volume average particle size is preferably 30 to 200 μm.

  Examples of the coating resin for the resin-coated carrier include styrenes such as styrene, parachlorostyrene, and α-methylstyrene; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, acrylic acid 2 -Α-methylene fatty acid monocarboxylic acids such as ethylhexyl, methyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate; nitrogen-containing acrylics such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, etc. Vinyl nitriles; vinyl pyridines such as 2-vinyl pyridine and 4-vinyl pyridine; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone, vinyl isopropenyl Homopolymers such as vinyl ketones such as ketones; olefins such as ethylene and propylene; vinyl-based fluorine-containing monomers such as vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene; and copolymers comprising two or more types of monomers Furthermore, silicone resins containing methyl silicone, methyl phenyl silicone, etc., polyesters containing bisphenol, glycol, etc., epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, polyamide resins, cellulose resins, polyether resins, polycarbonate resins and the like can be mentioned. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The coating amount of the coating resin is preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the core particles.

  For the production of the carrier, a heating type kneader, a heating type Henschel mixer, a UM mixer, or the like is used. Depending on the amount of the coating resin, a heating type fluidized rolling bed, a heating type kiln, or the like is used.

When a carrier in which a ferrite particle is used as a core and coated with a resin in which carbon black or the like as a conductive agent and / or melamine beads or the like as a charge control agent is dispersed in methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate and styrene is used as a coating layer, Since the resistance controllability is excellent even when the film thickness is increased, the image quality and the image quality maintainability are excellent, which is more preferable.
The mixing ratio of the toner and the carrier in the developer is not particularly limited and is selected according to the purpose.

(Image forming method)
An image forming method using the toner of this embodiment will be described. The toner of the exemplary embodiment is used in an image forming method using a known electrophotographic method. Specifically, it is used in an image forming method having the following steps.
That is, a preferable image forming method includes a charging step for uniformly charging the surface of the electrostatic charge image holding member, a latent image forming step for forming a latent image on the surface of the charged electrostatic charge image holding member, and the electrostatic charge image. Developing a latent image formed on the surface of the holding body with a developer containing at least toner to form a toner image, and transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the electrostatic image holding body to the transfer target A transfer step for fixing, a fixing step for fixing the toner image transferred to the transfer target, and a cleaning step for removing residual toner on the surface of the electrostatic charge image holding member after transfer. The toner of the present embodiment described above is used. Further, the transfer step may use an intermediate transfer member that mediates transfer of the toner image from the electrostatic latent image holding member to the transfer target.

Each of the steps is a general step per se, and is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 56-40868 and 49-91231. Note that the image forming method of the present embodiment can be carried out by using a known image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a facsimile machine.
The electrostatic latent image forming step is a step of forming an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier (photoconductor).
The developing step is a step of developing the electrostatic latent image with a developer layer on a developer holding member to form a toner image. The developer layer is not particularly limited as long as it contains the electrostatic image developing toner of this embodiment.
The transfer step is a step of transferring the toner image onto a transfer target. Examples of the transfer medium in the transfer process include an intermediate transfer medium and a recording medium such as paper.
In the fixing step, for example, there is a method of forming a copy image by fixing the toner image transferred onto the transfer paper by a heating roller fixing device in which the temperature of the heating roller is set to a constant temperature.
The cleaning step is a step of removing the electrostatic charge image developer remaining on the image carrier.
As the transfer target, a recording medium such as an intermediate transfer member or paper can be used.
Examples of the recording medium include paper used for electrophotographic copying machines and printers, OHP sheets, etc., for example, coated paper whose surface is coated with resin, art paper for printing, and the like. Etc. can be used suitably.

  The image forming method of the present embodiment may further include a recycling step. The recycling step is a step of transferring the electrostatic charge image developing toner collected in the cleaning step to a developer layer. The image forming method including the recycling process is performed using an image forming apparatus such as a toner recycling system type copying machine or facsimile machine. Further, the present invention may be applied to a recycling system in which the cleaning process is omitted and toner is collected simultaneously with development.

(Image forming device)
The image forming apparatus of this embodiment will be described with reference to an image forming apparatus using the electrostatic image developing toner of this embodiment.
The image forming apparatus according to this embodiment includes an image carrier, a charging unit that charges the image carrier, and an exposure unit that exposes the charged image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image carrier. Developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image; transfer means for transferring the toner image from the image carrier to the surface of the transfer body; and transferring the toner image to the surface of the transfer body. A fixing unit for fixing the toner image, and the toner is preferably the electrostatic charge image developing toner according to the exemplary embodiment.
The image forming apparatus according to the present exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it includes at least the image holding member, the charging unit, the exposure unit, the developing unit, the transfer unit, and the fixing unit as described above. However, other cleaning means, static elimination means, and the like may be included as necessary.
In the transfer unit, the transfer may be performed twice or more using an intermediate transfer member. Examples of the transfer medium in the transfer unit include an intermediate transfer medium and a recording medium such as paper.

The image carrier and each of the above-described units can preferably use the configurations described in the respective steps of the image forming method. As each of the above-described means, a known means in the image forming apparatus can be used. In addition, the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment may include means and devices other than the above-described configuration. Further, the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment may simultaneously perform a plurality of the above-described means.
The image forming apparatus according to the present exemplary embodiment preferably includes a cleaning unit that removes the electrostatic charge image developer remaining on the image carrier.
Examples of the cleaning means include a cleaning blade and a cleaning brush, and a cleaning blade is preferable.

In this image forming apparatus, for example, the part including the developing means may be a cartridge structure (process cartridge) that is detachable from the image forming apparatus main body. The process cartridge of the present embodiment is preferably used that includes at least the electrostatic charge image developer of the present embodiment.
Hereinafter, although an example of the image forming apparatus of this embodiment is shown, it is not necessarily limited to this. The main parts shown in the figure will be described, and the description of the other parts will be omitted.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a four-tandem full-color image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is the first electrophotographic system that outputs yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) images based on color-separated image data. Fourth image forming units 110Y, 110M, 110C, and 110K (image forming means) are provided. These image forming units (hereinafter simply referred to as “units”) 110Y, 110M, 110C, and 110K are juxtaposed in a horizontal direction so as to be separated from each other. The units 110Y, 110M, 110C, and 110K may be process cartridges that are detachable from the main body of the image forming apparatus.

Above each unit 110Y, 110M, 110C, and 110K in the drawing, an intermediate transfer belt 120 as an intermediate transfer member is extended through each unit. The intermediate transfer belt 120 is provided by being wound around a drive roller 122 and a support roller 124 that are in contact with the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt 120 and spaced apart from each other from the left to the right in the drawing. The vehicle travels in the direction toward 110K. The support roller 124 is urged away from the drive roller 122 by a spring or the like (not shown), and tension is applied to the intermediate transfer belt 120 wound around the support roller 124. An intermediate transfer member cleaning device 130 is provided on the side of the image carrier of the intermediate transfer belt 120 so as to face the driving roller 122.
Further, in each of the developing devices (developing units) 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K of the units 110Y, 110M, 110C, and 110K, yellow, magenta, cyan, and black accommodated in the toner cartridges 8Y, 8M, 8C, and 8K, respectively. The four colors of toner are supplied.

  Since the first to fourth units 110Y, 110M, 110C, and 110K described above have the same configuration, the first unit that forms a yellow image disposed on the upstream side in the running direction of the intermediate transfer belt here. 110Y will be described as a representative. It should be noted that reference numerals with magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) are attached to portions equivalent to the first unit 110Y instead of yellow (Y), so that the second to fourth units. Description of 110M, 110C, and 110K is omitted.

The first unit 110Y includes a photoreceptor 1Y that functions as an image holding member. Around the photoreceptor 1Y, a charging roller 2Y that charges the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y, and an exposure apparatus 3 that forms an electrostatic latent image by exposing the charged surface with a laser beam 3Y based on the color-separated image signal. A developing device (developing means) 4Y for supplying the electrostatic latent image with charged toner to develop the electrostatic latent image, and a primary transfer roller 5Y (primary transfer) for transferring the developed toner image onto the intermediate transfer belt 120 And a photoreceptor cleaning device (cleaning means) 6Y for removing toner remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y after the primary transfer.
The primary transfer roller 5Y is disposed inside the intermediate transfer belt 120 and is provided at a position facing the photoreceptor 1Y. Further, a bias power source (not shown) for applying a primary transfer bias is connected to each of the primary transfer rollers 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K. Each bias power source varies the transfer bias applied to each primary transfer roller under the control of a control unit (not shown).

Hereinafter, an operation of forming a yellow image in the first unit 110Y will be described. First, prior to the operation, the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y is charged to a potential of about −600V to −800V by the charging roller 2Y.
The photoreceptor 1Y is formed by laminating a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate (volume resistivity at 20 ° C .: 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ Ωcm or less). This photosensitive layer usually has a high resistance (a resistance equivalent to that of a general resin), but has a property that the specific resistance of the portion irradiated with the laser beam changes when irradiated with the laser beam 3Y. Therefore, a laser beam 3Y is output to the surface of the charged photoreceptor 1Y via the exposure device 3 in accordance with yellow image data sent from a control unit (not shown). The laser beam 3Y is applied to the photosensitive layer on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y, whereby an electrostatic latent image of a yellow print pattern is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y.

The electrostatic latent image is an image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y by charging, and the specific resistance of the irradiated portion of the photosensitive layer is lowered by the laser beam 3Y, and the charged charge on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y is reduced. On the other hand, it is a so-called negative latent image formed by the charge remaining in the portion not irradiated with the laser beam 3Y.
The electrostatic latent image formed on the photoreceptor 1Y in this way is rotated to the development position as the photoreceptor 1Y travels. Then, at this development position, the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor 1Y is converted into a visible image (developed image) by the developing device 4Y.

  In the developing device 4Y, for example, yellow toner having a volume average particle diameter of 7 μm including at least a yellow colorant, a crystalline resin, and an amorphous resin is accommodated. The yellow toner is triboelectrically charged by being agitated inside the developing device 4Y, and has a charge of the same polarity (negative polarity) as the charged electric charge on the photoreceptor 1Y, and a developer roll (developer holder). Is held on. As the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y passes through the developing device 4Y, the yellow toner is electrostatically attached to the latent image portion on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y, and the latent image is developed with the yellow toner. . The photoreceptor 1Y on which the yellow toner image is formed continues to run, and the toner image developed on the photoreceptor 1Y is conveyed to the primary transfer position.

When the yellow toner image on the photoreceptor 1Y is conveyed to the primary transfer, a primary transfer bias is applied to the primary transfer roller 5Y, and an electrostatic force from the photoreceptor 1Y toward the primary transfer roller 5Y acts on the toner image. Then, the toner image on the photoreceptor 1Y is transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 120. The transfer bias applied at this time has a (+) polarity opposite to the polarity (−) of the toner. For example, in the first unit 110Y, it is controlled to about +10 μA by a control unit (not shown).
On the other hand, the toner remaining on the photoreceptor 1Y is removed and collected by the photoreceptor cleaning device 6Y.

Further, the primary transfer bias applied to the primary transfer rollers 5M, 5C, and 5K after the second unit 110M is also controlled in accordance with the first unit.
Thus, the intermediate transfer belt 120 onto which the yellow toner image has been transferred by the first unit 110Y is sequentially conveyed through the second to fourth units 110M, 110C, and 110K, and the toner images of the respective colors are superimposed and transferred in a multiple manner.

  The intermediate transfer belt 120 onto which the four color toner images are transferred in a multiple manner through the first to fourth units is disposed on the image transfer surface side of the intermediate transfer belt 120 and the support roller 124 in contact with the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt 120. The secondary transfer roller (secondary transfer means) 126 is connected to a secondary transfer portion. On the other hand, a recording paper (transfer object) P is fed to a gap where the secondary transfer roller 126 and the intermediate transfer belt 120 are pressed against each other via a supply mechanism, and a secondary transfer bias is applied to the support roller 124. . The transfer bias applied at this time is a (−) polarity that is the same polarity as the polarity (−) of the toner, and an electrostatic force from the intermediate transfer belt 120 toward the recording paper P is applied to the toner image, so The toner image is transferred onto the recording paper P. The secondary transfer bias at this time is determined according to the resistance detected by a resistance detection means (not shown) for detecting the resistance of the secondary transfer portion, and is voltage-controlled.

Thereafter, the recording paper P is sent to a fixing device (fixing means) 128, the toner image is heated, and the color-superposed toner image is melted and fixed on the recording paper P. The recording paper P on which the color image has been fixed is carried out toward the discharge unit, and a series of color image forming operations is completed.
The image forming apparatus exemplified above is configured to transfer the toner image onto the recording paper P via the intermediate transfer belt 120. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the toner image is directly transferred from the photoreceptor. It may be a structure that is transferred to a recording sheet.

<Process cartridge, toner cartridge>
The portable process cartridge of this embodiment may be any process cartridge containing the electrostatic charge image developing toner of this embodiment or the electrostatic charge image developer of this embodiment, and is formed on the surface of the image carrier. Developing means for developing an electrostatic latent image with an electrostatic image developing toner or an electrostatic image developer to form a toner image, an image holding member, a charging means for charging the surface of the image holding member, and an image holding member At least one selected from the group consisting of cleaning means for removing toner remaining on the surface, and the electrostatic image developing toner of the present embodiment as the electrostatic image developing toner or the electrostatic image developer. Alternatively, it is preferable that the process cartridge contains the electrostatic charge image developer of the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a preferred example of a process cartridge containing the electrostatic charge image developer of the present embodiment. The process cartridge 200 includes, together with the photosensitive member 107, a charging roller 108, a developing device 111 including a developer holding member, a photosensitive member cleaning device (cleaning unit) 113, an opening 118 for exposure, and a charge removing exposure. The opening 117 is combined and integrated using the mounting rail 116.
The process cartridge 200 is detachable from an image forming apparatus main body including a transfer device 112, a fixing device 115, and other components not shown. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on the recording paper 300 is configured.

  The process cartridge shown in FIG. 5 includes a charging roller 108, a developing device 111, a photoconductor cleaning device (cleaning means) 113, an opening 118 for exposure, and an opening 117 for static elimination exposure. These devices are selectively combined. The process cartridge of this embodiment includes at least a developing device 111 including a developer holder, and includes a photosensitive member 107, a charging roller 108, a photosensitive member cleaning device (cleaning unit) 113, an opening 118 for exposure, and You may provide at least 1 sort (s) selected from the group comprised from the opening part 117 for static elimination exposure.

Next, the toner cartridge of this embodiment will be described.
The toner cartridge according to this embodiment is detachably attached to the image forming apparatus, and at least the toner cartridge that stores toner to be supplied to the developing unit provided in the image forming apparatus. 3 is an electrostatic image developing toner according to an exemplary embodiment. Note that at least the electrostatic charge image developing toner of this embodiment needs to be accommodated in the toner cartridge of this embodiment. Depending on the mechanism of the image forming apparatus, for example, the electrostatic charge image developer of this embodiment may be accommodated. Good.

  Therefore, in the image forming apparatus having a configuration in which the toner cartridge is detachable, the toner of the present embodiment is easily supplied to the developing device by using the toner cartridge containing the toner of the present embodiment.

  The image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is an image forming apparatus having a configuration in which the toner cartridges 8Y, 8M, 8C, and 8K are attached to and detached from each other. And a toner supply pipe (not shown). Further, when the amount of toner stored in the toner cartridge is low, this toner cartridge may be replaced.

Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present embodiment is not limited to these examples.
In the following examples, “part” means “part by weight” and “%” means “% by weight” unless otherwise specified.

<Measurement method>
The molecular weight of the resin (weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn)) was measured by using a soluble tetrahydrofuran (THF), GPC / HLC-8120 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and column / TSKgel SuperHM- manufactured by Tosoh Corporation. M (15 cm) was used, measured with a THF solvent, and molecular weight was calculated using a molecular weight calibration curve prepared with a monodisperse polystyrene standard sample.
Microtrac (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Microtrac UPA9340) was used to measure the particle size of the resin particles in the resin particle dispersion.
The solid content concentration was determined using a moisture meter MA35 (manufactured by Sartorius Mechatronics Japan Co., Ltd.).

The volume average particle size of the toner was measured using a Coulter Multisizer II (manufactured by Beckman-Coulter). As the electrolytic solution, ISOTON-II (manufactured by Beckman-Coulter) was used.
As a measuring method, first, 0.5 mg to 50 mg of a measurement sample is added to 2 ml of a 5% aqueous solution of a surfactant, preferably sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate as a dispersant, and this is added to 100 ml to 150 ml of the electrolytic solution. Added. The electrolytic solution in which the measurement sample is suspended is subjected to a dispersion treatment with an ultrasonic disperser for about 1 minute, and the particle size is 2.0 μm or more and 60 μm or less using the Coulter Multisizer II with an aperture having an aperture diameter of 100 μm. The particle size distribution of particles in the range was measured. The number of particles to be measured was 50,000.
For the divided particle size range (channel), draw the cumulative distribution from the small diameter side with respect to the divided particle size range (channel), and define the 50% cumulative particle size as the weight average particle size or volume average particle size, respectively. To do.

-Raw material production-
<Synthesis of Amorphous Polyester Resin 1>
Stirrer, thermometer, condenser and nitrogen gas using 469 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct, 137 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, 152 parts of terephthalic acid, 75 parts of fumaric acid and 114 parts of dodecenyl succinic acid. Into a reaction vessel equipped with an introduction tube, 4 parts of dibutyltin oxide was introduced as a catalyst, nitrogen gas was introduced into the vessel and the temperature was maintained in an inert atmosphere, and then heated at 150 ° C. to 230 ° C. for 12 hours. A polycondensation reaction was performed, and then the pressure was gradually reduced from 210 ° C. to 250 ° C. to synthesize an amorphous polyester resin. The obtained amorphous polyester resin had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 60 ° C. The acid value was 15 mgKOH / g.

<Synthesis of Amorphous Polyester Resin 2>
Stirrer, thermometer, condenser and nitrogen gas using 469 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct, 137 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, 152 parts of terephthalic acid, 75 parts of fumaric acid and 114 parts of dodecenyl succinic acid. Into a reaction vessel equipped with an introduction tube, 4 parts of dibutyltin oxide was introduced as a catalyst, nitrogen gas was introduced into the vessel, and the temperature was maintained in an inert atmosphere. A polycondensation reaction was performed, and then the pressure was gradually reduced from 210 ° C. to 250 ° C. to synthesize an amorphous polyester resin. The obtained amorphous polyester resin had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 60 ° C. The acid value was 8 mgKOH / g.

<Synthesis of crystalline polyester resin>
1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid (dodecanedioic acid): 50 mol%
-1,9-nonanediol: 50 mol%
The monomer component was put into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a condenser and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, and the reaction vessel was replaced with dry nitrogen gas. 2.5 parts of the side (reagent) was added, and the mixture was stirred and reacted at 170 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen gas stream. Furthermore, the temperature was raised to 210 ° C., the pressure in the reaction vessel was reduced to 3 kPa, and the reaction was stirred for 13 hours under reduced pressure to obtain a crystalline polyester resin. The resulting crystalline polyester resin had a resin softening point (Tm) of 75 ° C.

<Preparation of release agent dispersion>
Mold release agent (hydrocarbon wax, manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name: FNP0090, melting point Tw 89.7 ° C.): 270 parts by weight Anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen) RK, active ingredient amount: 60% by weight): 13.5 parts by weight (as active ingredient, 3.0% by weight with respect to the release agent)
-Ion-exchanged water: 721.6 parts by weight The above components are mixed, and after the release agent is dissolved at an internal liquid temperature of 120 ° C with a pressure discharge type homogenizer (Gorin homogenizer manufactured by Gorin), the dispersion pressure is 5 MPa. Dispersion treatment was carried out for 120 minutes and then at 40 MPa for 360 minutes, followed by cooling to obtain a release agent dispersion. The volume average particle diameter D _50v of the particles in this dispersion was 230 nm. Thereafter, ion exchange water was added to adjust the solid content concentration to 20.0% by weight to obtain a release agent dispersion.

<Preparation of colorant dispersion>
Cyan pigment (Daiichi Seika Co., Ltd .: ECB 301): 200 parts by weight Anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen SC): 33 parts by weight (active ingredient 60% by weight, coloring) 10% by weight based on the agent)
-Ion-exchanged water: 750 parts by weight 280 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water and an anionic system in a stainless steel container whose liquid level is about 1/3 of the height of the container when all of the above components are added After adding 33 parts by weight of a surfactant and sufficiently dissolving the surfactant, all of the cyan pigment is added, and the mixture is stirred using a stirrer until there is no unwetted pigment and sufficiently defoamed. It was. After the defoaming, the remaining ion-exchanged water was added, and the mixture was dispersed for 10 minutes at 5,000 rpm using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Tarrax T50). Subsequently, the dispersion was dispersed at a pressure of 240 MPa using a high-pressure impact disperser Ultimateizer (manufactured by Sugino Machine, HJP30006). The dispersion was equivalent to 25 passes in terms of the total charge and the processing capacity of the apparatus. The obtained dispersion was allowed to stand for 72 hours to remove precipitates, and ion exchange water was added to adjust the solid content concentration to 15% by weight. The volume average particle diameter D _50v of the particles in this colorant dispersion was 115 nm. For the volume average particle diameter D _50v, an average value of three measurement values excluding a maximum value and a minimum value out of five times measured with a _microtrack was used.

<Preparation of aqueous aluminum sulfate solution>
・ Aluminum sulfate powder (Asada Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: 17 wt% aluminum sulfate): 35 parts by weight ・ Ion exchange water: 1,965 parts by weight The mixture was stirred and mixed until an aluminum sulfate aqueous solution was prepared.

Example 1
<Method for producing resin particle dispersion 1>
300 parts by weight of amorphous polyester resin 1, 0.4 part by weight of 20% by weight aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, and 50 parts by weight of 15% by weight aqueous solution of sodium diphenyl ether disulfonate (Dowfax 2A-1 manufactured by Dow Chemical Co.) as a surfactant The product was put into a twin screw extruder (TEM26SS, manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.) and melted at a barrel temperature of 85 ° C. and a screw rotation speed of 200 rpm. Further, 50 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water adjusted to 85 ° C. was charged into the twin screw extruder. Furthermore, 20 parts by weight of a 2% by weight nitric acid aqueous solution was put into a twin screw extruder to adjust the pH, thereby obtaining a resin particle dispersion. 300 parts by weight of ion exchange water was added to the obtained resin particle dispersion to dilute it, and a resin particle dispersion 1 was obtained. The volume average particle size distribution of the obtained resin particles particles in the dispersion 1 was measured, the volume average particle diameter _{D 50v} is 170 nm, the volume average particle size distribution _{(GSDv = √ (D 84v /} D 16v)) is 1.20 Met.

(Examples 2 to 6)
<Method for Producing Resin Particle Dispersions 2-6>
Resin particle dispersions 2 to 6 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions were as shown in Table 1.

(Example 7)
<Method for producing resin particle dispersion 7>
Resin particle dispersion 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amorphous polyester resin was a crystalline polyester resin and the barrel temperature was 75 ° C.

(Example 8)
<Method for producing resin particle dispersion 8>
Resin particle dispersion 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.4 part by weight of 20% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was changed to 0.56 part by weight of 20% by weight aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.

Example 9
<Method for Producing Resin Particle Dispersion 9>
A resin particle dispersion 9 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amorphous polyester resin 1 was changed to the amorphous polyester resin 2.

(Example 10)
<Method for producing resin particle dispersion 10>
A resin particle dispersion 10 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 20 parts by weight of 2% by weight nitric acid aqueous solution was changed to 4 parts by weight of 10% by weight nitric acid aqueous solution.

(Example 11)
<Method for Producing Resin Particle Dispersion 11>
Resin particle dispersion in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15% by weight aqueous solution of sodium diphenyl ether disulfonate was changed to 50 parts by weight of 15% by weight aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (manufactured by Kao Corporation, Neoperex G-15). 11 was produced.

(Example 12)
<Method for producing resin particle dispersion 12>
Resin particle dispersion 12 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the twin screw extruder was a kneader, the casing temperature was 85 ° C., and the blade rotation speed was 200 rpm.

(Comparative Example 1)
<Method for Producing Resin Particle Dispersion 13>
Resin particle dispersion 13 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aqueous nitric acid solution was not added.

(Comparative Example 2)
<Method for producing resin particle dispersion 14>
In the emulsification step, 20 parts by weight of a 2% by weight nitric acid aqueous solution is not put into a twin-screw extruder to obtain a resin particle dispersion, and after collection, 20 parts by weight of a 2% by weight nitric acid aqueous solution is added to adjust the pH. A resin particle dispersion 14 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.

(Comparative Example 3)
<Method for producing resin particle dispersion 15>
The emulsification step was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sodium hydroxide and sodium surfactant diphenyl ether disulfonate were not added to the twin screw extruder.

[Evaluation: Method for evaluating the amount of impurities (alkali metal) contained in resin particles]
50 g of the resin particle dispersion was sealed in a dialysis membrane (Dialysis Membrane, size 36, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and immersed in 10 L of pure water with stirring to remove impurities in the dispersion. Subsequently, the resin particle dispersion liquid subjected to dialysis treatment using a freeze dryer was dried. Impurities (alkali metal) are measured on the dried resin particles using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (scanning X-ray fluorescence analyzer, ZSX Primus II) to measure the Na amount net intensity or K amount net intensity contained in the resin particles. A quantity index. As sample pretreatment, 0.1 to 0.2 g of resin particles were disk-molded by pressure molding, and the measurement conditions were qualitative quantitative measurement, tube voltage 40 kV, tube current 70 mA, measurement time 15 minutes. .
The amount of impurities (alkali metal) was evaluated according to the following criteria when potassium was not contained (below the detection limit) and when potassium was contained.
-Evaluation criteria for the amount of impurities (when potassium is not included (below the detection limit))-
○: 0.1 kcps or less Δ: Greater than 0.1 kcps and less than 0.25 kcps ×: 0.25 kcps or more −Evaluation criteria for impurity amount (when potassium is included) −
○: 3.5 kcps or less Δ: Greater than 3.5 kcps and less than 8.8 kcps ×: 8.8 kcps or more In Examples 1 to 23 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, other than Na or K such as Li About the amount of alkali metals, all were below the detection limit.

(Example 13)
<Manufacture of toner for developing electrostatic image>
-Resin particle dispersion 1: 635 parts by weight-Resin particle dispersion 7 (containing crystalline polyester resin particles): 65 parts by weight-Colorant dispersion: 200 parts by weight-Release agent dispersion: 115 parts by weight-Ion exchange Water: 1,500 parts by weight Anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen RK): 7.0 parts by weight A reaction vessel equipped with the above components, a thermometer, a pH meter, and a stirrer Then, at a temperature of 25 ° C., 125 parts by weight of the prepared aluminum sulfate aqueous solution was added and dispersed for 6 minutes while dispersing at 5,000 rpm with a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA Japan: Ultra Turrax T50). Then, a stirrer and a mantle heater were installed in the reaction vessel, and the temperature of the stirrer was adjusted to 0.2 ° C./min up to 40 ° C., exceeding 40 ° C. The temperature was increased at 0.05 ° C./min, and the particle size was measured with Multisizer II (aperture diameter: 50 μm, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) every 10 minutes, resulting in a volume average particle size of 5.0 μm. By the way, the temperature was maintained, and 312 parts by weight of the additional resin particle dispersion 1 was added over 5 minutes. After holding for 30 minutes, the pH was adjusted to 9.0 using a 4 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Thereafter, while adjusting the pH to 9.0 every 5 ° C., the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 1 ° C./min and held at 90 ° C. When the particle shape and surface property were observed with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (FE SEM) every 15 minutes, the coalescence of the particles was confirmed at 1.0 hour. Until 5 minutes. The cooled slurry was passed through a nylon mesh having an opening of 15 μm to remove coarse powder, and the toner slurry that passed through the mesh was filtered under reduced pressure with an aspirator. The toner remaining on the filter paper is crushed as finely as possible by hand, poured into ion-exchanged water of 10 times the amount of toner at a temperature of 30 ° C., stirred and mixed for 30 minutes, and then filtered under reduced pressure with an aspirator again. Was measured. This operation was repeated until the filtrate had a conductivity of 10 μS / cm or less, and the toner was washed. The washed toner was crushed as finely as possible by hand, and then vacuum dried in an oven at 35 ° C. for 36 hours to obtain toner particles.

To 100 parts by weight of the obtained toner particles, 1.0 part by weight of hydrophobic silica (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., RY50) and 0.8 parts by weight of hydrophobic titanium oxide (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., T805) Were mixed and blended at 13,000 rpm for 30 seconds using a sample mill. Thereafter, the mixture was sieved with a vibrating sieve having an opening of 45 μm to obtain toner 1.
The obtained toner had a volume average particle diameter D _50v of 6.0 μm and a shape factor of 0.960 (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation, FPIA 3000).

<Preparation of electrostatic charge image developer>
To 100 parts of carrier, 5 parts of toner were mixed, stirred for 20 minutes at 40 rpm using a V-blender, and sieved with a sieve having an opening of 250 μm to obtain developer 1.

[Evaluation: Evaluation of transferability]
Transferability of the obtained developer was evaluated using a modified DocuCentre-III C7600 manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. The remodeling machine forcibly stops the machine before toner transfer so that the amount of toner on the photoconductor, intermediate transfer body, and paper (unfixed) can be measured. Further, the fixing roll surface temperature is set to 130 ° C.
In the evaluation of transferability, a patch of 5 cm × 5 cm was drawn using C2 paper manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. in an environment of 30 ° C. and 80% RH, and each toner weight after 10,000 sheets was measured. Were used to calculate the primary transfer efficiency and the secondary transfer efficiency. In addition, an acceptable level was obtained by multiplying the primary transfer efficiency and the secondary transfer efficiency by 85% or more.
Primary transfer efficiency = (toner weight on intermediate transfer member) / (toner weight on photoreceptor)
Secondary transfer efficiency = (weight of unfixed toner on paper) / (weight of toner on intermediate transfer member)
Transferability (transfer efficiency) = (primary transfer efficiency) × (secondary transfer efficiency) × 100
◎: Transfer efficiency 95% or more ○: Transfer efficiency 90% or more and less than 95% △: Transfer efficiency 85% or more and less than 90% ×: Transfer efficiency 85% or less

(Examples 14 to 23)
Toners 2 to 11 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the resin particle dispersion 1 was changed to resin particle dispersions 2 to 12. Developers 2 to 11 were produced in the same manner as in Example 8, and evaluated.

(Comparative Examples 4 and 5)
Toners 12 and 13 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the resin particle dispersion 1 was changed to the resin particle dispersion 13 or 14. Further, developers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 and evaluated.

  The evaluation results are summarized in Table 1.

  In addition, the temperature of the resin particle dispersion described in Table 1 and the barrel temperature of the used twin screw extruder were the same in any of the examples and comparative examples.

  1Y, 1M, 1C, 1K: photosensitive member, 2Y, 2M, 2C, 2K: charging roller, 3Y, 3M, 3C, 3K: laser beam, 3: exposure device, 4Y, 4M, 4C, 4K: developing device, 5Y , 5M, 5C, 5K: primary transfer roller, 6Y, 6M, 6C, 6K: photoconductor cleaning device (cleaning means), 8Y, 8M, 8C, 8K: toner cartridge, 10: twin screw extruder, 12: cylinder , 14: raw material inlet, 16: base aqueous solution inlet, 18: surfactant inlet, 20, 21, 22: water or acidic substance inlet, 23: pH measuring device, 24: outlet, 26: supply line 28: Pump, 30: Resin feeder, 32: Base aqueous solution tank, 34: Surfactant aqueous solution tank, 36: Temperature control device, 38: Pure water tank, 39: Acid substance tank, 40: Heater, 42: Fat supply barrel, 44: Cylinder portion other than resin supply barrel 42, 50: Kneader, 51: Blade, 52: Motor, 53: Gear box, 54: Casing, 55: Reservoir, 56: Pump, 57: Supply line, 110Y, 110M, 110C, 110K: image forming unit, 107: photoconductor, 108: charging roller, 111: developing device, 112: transfer device, 113: photoconductor cleaning device (cleaning means), 115: fixing device, 116: Mounting rail, 117, 118: opening, 120: intermediate transfer belt, 122: drive roller, 124: support roller, 126: secondary transfer roller (secondary transfer means), 128: fixing device (fixing means), 130: Intermediate transfer member cleaning device, 132: transfer roller, 200: process cartridge, 300, : Paper

Claims (10)

A mixing step of mixing a binder resin, a basic substance and a surfactant to obtain a mixture; and
Emulsifying and dispersing the mixture and the aqueous medium to obtain a resin particle dispersion,
An acidic substance is mixed in the resin particle dispersion during the emulsification step. A method for producing a resin particle dispersion.   The method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to claim 1, wherein in the emulsification step, an acidic substance is added in a state containing 15 to 40 parts by weight of an aqueous medium with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.   The method for producing a resin particle dispersion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pH of the resin particle dispersion after mixing of the acidic substance is 4.0 or more and less than 7.2.   The manufacturing method of the resin particle dispersion of any one of Claims 1-3 whose emulsification temperature in the said emulsification process is more than the glass transition temperature Tg + 5 degreeC of the said binder resin. Aggregation step of aggregating resin particles in a dispersion containing a resin particle dispersion obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to obtain aggregated particles, and
And a fusing step of fusing the aggregated particles by heating.   An electrostatic charge image developer comprising the electrostatic charge image developing toner obtained by the production method according to claim 5 and a carrier.   A toner cartridge containing at least an electrostatic charge image developing toner obtained by the production method according to claim 5. Developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with an electrostatic charge image developing toner or an electrostatic charge image developer to form a toner image, and charging the surface of the image carrier and the image carrier And at least one selected from the group consisting of cleaning means for removing toner remaining on the surface of the image carrier,
The electrostatic image developing toner obtained by the manufacturing method according to claim 5 or the electrostatic image developer according to claim 6 is accommodated as the electrostatic image developing toner or the electrostatic image developer. Yes Process cartridge. A latent image forming step for forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image carrier;
A developing step of forming a toner image by developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with a developer containing toner;
A transfer step of transferring the toner image onto the surface of the transfer target; and
A fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred to the surface of the transfer target,
An image forming method using the electrostatic charge image developing toner obtained by the production method according to claim 5 or the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 6 as the developer. An image carrier,
Charging means for charging the image carrier;
Exposure means for exposing the charged image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image carrier;
Developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image with a developer containing toner to form a toner image;
Transfer means for transferring the toner image from the image carrier to the surface of the transfer target;
Fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred to the surface of the transfer target,
An image forming apparatus comprising the electrostatic charge image developing toner obtained by the production method according to claim 5 or the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 6 as the developer.

Images