JP2017032151A - Combustion furnace for water-oil and heating system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion furnace for water-oil adding water particles to oil particles to improve combustion efficiency, and a heating system using the combustion furnace.SOLUTION: A combustion furnace for water-oil comprises an oil nozzle configured to mix air and oil and then spray the mixture, and a water nozzle configured to mix air and water. In the combustion furnace, an ignitor ignites oil particles from the oil nozzle, the temperature inside the furnace increases to 600°C or higher, and after that, water particles from the water nozzle are added to the oil particles to combust them, and the temperature inside the furnace is kept from 600°C to 1005°C or higher.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a water-oil combustion furnace for improving combustion efficiency by adding water fine particles to oil fine particles, and a heating system using the same.

  Conventionally, a water-oil combustion apparatus that uses water and oil as raw materials and burns a water-oil mixed fuel in which these raw water and raw oil are mixed at a predetermined ratio has been proposed. Generally, oil is used as fuel. It is known that an efficient combustion result can be obtained by emulsifying the mixed fuel after adding water to the oil when it is used for combustion, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, Concerning heavy oil combustion in particular, there are concerns about the generation of air pollutants (nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc.). It is also known that

At this time, in order to use the water / oil mixed fuel, the water / oil mixing ratio of the mixed fuel, the subdivision state of the oil contained in the mixed fuel, the temperature of the mixed fuel, the diffusion after injection of the mixed fuel, etc. The elements must be in good condition.
In order to maintain this mixed state of water and oil, an example of emulsifying and using a mixed fuel of water and oil by adding an emulsifier such as a surfactant is common as disclosed in Patent Document 2. However, in order to obtain a mixed fuel by adding this emulsifier, it is necessary to stir and mix while supplying a constant amount of the emulsifier, which requires equipment for production, and the equipment cost and raw material cost of the emulsifier are unit cost of fuel. There was a problem that the fuel cost was increased accordingly.
However, with time, the emulsifier has a problem that the mixing state of the water and oil fine particles changes, and the combustion efficiency is lowered due to separation of the water and oil fine particles.

JP 2006-57921 A JP 2011-21803 A

  The present invention is a water-oil combustion apparatus that uses water and oil as conventional raw materials and burns a water-oil mixed fuel to improve the combustion efficiency and save energy, and to turbidize the raw water and oil in advance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a water-oil combustion furnace that does not require an emulsifier, that does not require complicated processing of raw materials, and that can be easily supplied, and a heating system using the same.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention of claim 1 is a combustion furnace provided with an oil nozzle for mixing and spraying air and oil, and a water nozzle for mixing air and water, the oil nozzle The oil fine particles are ignited by an ignition device and the interior of the furnace rises to 600 ° C. or higher, and then the water fine particles are added from the water nozzle and burned to maintain the furnace interior at 600 ° C. or higher. It is a combustion furnace for water oil.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the water-oil combustion furnace according to the first aspect, the diameter of the oil fine particles is 5 μm or less.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the water-oil combustion furnace according to the first aspect, the diameter of the water fine particles is 5 μm or less.

The invention of claim 4 exchanges heat by bringing outside air or return air from the inside of the water-oil combustion furnace according to claim 1, 2, or 3 into contact with the outside, and heat-exchanges the heat-exposed warm air into the room. It is a heating system characterized by supplying air.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the heating system according to the fourth aspect, a detection device for detecting an exhaust component is provided in an exhaust duct from the water-oil combustion furnace, and the exhaust is a component that is harmless to a human body. In some cases, air is supplied to the room by a damper action provided in the duct.

The invention for a water-oil combustion furnace according to claims 1 to 3 is a water-oil combustion furnace in which water and oil are used as raw materials and a water-oil mixed fuel is combusted. , Spraying fine particles of water in the air improves combustion efficiency, simplifies operation control, saves energy, and eliminates the need to preliminarily turbidize water and oil as raw materials to provide a structured supply operation Becomes easier.
Moreover, since the invention of the heating system of Claims 4 to 5 uses the water-oil combustion furnace of Claims 1 to 3, combustion efficiency is improved, operation control is simple and energy saving, It is not necessary to turbidize the water and oil as raw materials in advance to make an emulsifier, and the structural supply operation is simplified.

An overall explanatory diagram of a water-oil combustion furnace and its heating system in the present invention, Is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the fuel nozzle of FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG. It is a figure of the graph which measured the temperature of the combustion furnace when time was only for kerosene and when water was added to kerosene.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory view of a water-oil combustion furnace and its heating system according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG.
In FIG. 1, an oil nozzle 2 </ b> A that is a fuel nozzle 2 that mixes and sprays air and oil, and a water nozzle 2 </ b> B that mixes air and water are provided on a front portion 11 inside the combustion furnace 1 for water oil. The oil nozzle 2A and the water nozzle 2B are provided with an oil tank 2A1 for storing kerosene as the raw material oil O and a water tank 2B1 for storing tap water (fresh water) W as the raw material water from the respective tanks 2A1, 2B1. Raw material oil A and raw material water B are supplied via the respective pipes 2A2 and 2B1.

The details of the oil nozzle 2A and the water nozzle 2B will be described later with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As shown in FIG. 1, each of the oil tank 2A1 and the water tank 2B1 includes the oil nozzle 2A and the water nozzle 2B. Fuel flows from the pipes 2A2 and 2B2 to the compressor 3 and the valve 31A.
It is supplied together with air (air) A at a predetermined pressure by 31B.
In the present embodiment, air is supplied from the compressor 3 to the oil nozzle 2A and the water nozzle 2B at a pressure of 0.3 Mpa to 0.5 Mpa. In this embodiment, the compressor 3 is used, but a gear pump may be used.

Next, the configuration in the combustion furnace 1 will be described. An ignition device 15 that operates according to a command from the outside is provided in the vicinity of the oil nozzle 2A, and a temperature sensor 14 is provided in an appropriate position in the combustion furnace 1, An exhaust duct 121 is provided at the rear end portion 12 on the opposite side of the oil nozzle 2A and the water nozzle 2B in the combustion furnace 1, and the exhaust EA in the combustion furnace 1 exhausts outdoors.
The exhaust EA from the exhaust duct 121 is normally exhausted outdoors, but the exhaust of the combustion furnace 1 of the present invention may have extremely little CO gas, NO gas, and NOx gas harmful to the human body, as will be described later. As a heating system, a CO ₂ or CO sensor 1211 is provided in the exhaust duct 121 as a heating system, and the exhaust gas is harmless to the human body by the CO ₂ or CO sensor 1211 which is a detection device for detecting exhaust components. May switch the damper 1212 provided in the exhaust duct 121 to supply air SA to the room 4.

Here, an agricultural heating apparatus and heating system (agricultural house) using the above-described water-oil combustion furnace 1 will be described. In FIG. 1 and particularly in FIG. The water-oil combustion furnace 1 is installed at an appropriate location, and the outer frame 5 is provided so as to cover the body 13 of the water-oil combustion furnace 1. The bottom 51 of the outer frame 5 is released and the fan 52 is provided. A plurality of ducts 54 are connected to the upper portion 53 of the frame 5, and the air heated by the body portion 13 of the water-oil combustion furnace 1 supplies heating air to the necessary places by the ducts 54.
A temperature sensor 55 is provided at an appropriate position in the upper portion 53 inside the outer frame 5, but a temperature sensor 14 is also provided at an appropriate position in the combustion furnace 1, and these detected values are sent to the control panel 16, and are described above. The ignition device 15, the operation of the compressor 3, and the valves 31A and 31B are controlled.

Next, the configuration of the oil nozzle 2A and the water nozzle 2B will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. The oil nozzle 2A and the water nozzle 2B, which are the fuel nozzles 2 of this embodiment, are either fuel oil or water. Only the difference is the same, and the others are almost the same structure.
The main body of the nozzle 2 (2A) is cylindrical, and a fuel supply portion 22 is provided on the circumference of the cylindrical frame portion 21. The fuel supply portion 22 is connected to a hollow portion 24 connected to the fuel nozzle tip pore 23. The water is sprayed from the nozzle injection port 25 at the tip of the nozzle 2. In order to spray the fuel, air pressurized at a pressure of 0.3 Mpa to 0.5 Mpa is sprayed together with the fuel. This air is supplied from the air supply portion 26 at the rear end of the fuel nozzle 2 and is introduced into the annular hollow portion 28 via the annular communication hole 271 of the intermediate member 27. It is supplied to the nozzle injection port 25 from the annular gap 281 on the outer periphery and sprayed together with fuel such as oil O or water W.

As shown in FIG. 4, the communication holes 271 arranged in an annular shape are not provided in the range (X) of about 45 degrees in the center in this embodiment, but this is because the air from the nozzle injection port 25 is not provided. The injection direction is decentered and rotated (tornado) or swirled. However, if the injected air swirls to some extent, the shape of the nozzle blowing direction may be changed. What is necessary is just to make it spray so that it may swirl with air so that it may be mixed in a wide area.
In addition, the air pressure is set to 0.3 Mpa to 0.5 Mpa and the diameter of the nozzle injection port 25 is set to 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm so that the diameter of the fine particles of oil and water is 5 μm or less. is there. Accordingly, each injected fuel is close to a gasified state.

[Activation]
Although the configuration of the present embodiment is as described above, the operation of the configuration of the water-oil combustion furnace 1 will be described.
First, fine particles of oil O of 5 μm or less are sprayed from the oil nozzle 2A, the ignition device 15 is operated, and combustion is started. Next, when the furnace temperature rises to 500 ° C. or more, preferably about 600 ° C., fine particles of water W of 5 μm or less are sprayed from the water nozzle 2B. Of course, water may be added immediately after ignition, but normally, after 1 minute, the furnace temperature rises to about 600 ° C., so at this point.
In this way, since each fuel is sprayed with fine particles of 5 μm or less and is in a gas-like state, the combustion efficiency of the oil is high and the temperature in the combustion furnace 1 immediately rises, and water is added before the temperature is increased. The temperature rises to about 900 ° C. without lowering. The reason why the fuel particles are made fine particles of 5 μm or less is that the finer one increases the combustion efficiency, but if the fuel particles are larger than 5 μm, the combustion efficiency is not improved so much.
The flow rates of the oil O and the water W, which are fuels, are controlled by the compressor 3 and valves 31A and 31B that control the flow rate. Normal operation in this embodiment is oil 4 L / h and water 4 L / h, but water W can be charged up to 12 L / h, but if the ratio of excess water is increased, It is necessary to limit the temperature within a range where the temperature is not lowered and a range where CO is not generated. It should be noted that the temperature in the fuel furnace rises to about 1005 ° C. even if water is charged up to about three times.
And compared with the general banner type boiler which does not spray fine particles, 400 Kcal-6000 Kcal / L is obtained by the high ratio of water and oil.

The graph in FIG. 5 shows the temperature in the furnace measured over time when the fuel is only kerosene and when water is added to kerosene, and Table 1 shows the combustion at that time. Temperature value in the furnace.

  FIG. 5 and Table 1 will be explained. First, when only kerosene O is fed from the oil nozzle 2A, the amount of kerosene is sprayed from the start of loading (0 seconds) to 20 seconds as shown by a thin dotted line. Gradually increase to 4L (amount) / h (time), and then spray continuously. The furnace temperature in this case rises from 0 ° C. (or room temperature) to 700 ° C. in about 80 seconds and reaches about 980 ° C. in about 120 seconds, as shown in Table 1 in FIG. It changes around 980 ° C.

Next, a case where water W is added to kerosene O as fuel will be described. The amount of kerosene is from 20 seconds after the start of charging from the oil nozzle 2A (0 seconds), as shown by a thin dotted line. Gradually increase to about 4 L / h, then spray for a fixed time (40 seconds), and gradually reduce the spray amount after about 120 seconds to about 2.5 L / h.
Water W starts spraying from the water nozzle 2B when the furnace temperature reaches 600 ° C. (after 60 seconds) as shown in the thick solid line in FIG. 5 and Table 1, and the amount of water sprayed is shown by a two-dot chain line. , Increased to about 4 L / h by 20 seconds (80 seconds after oil addition), sprayed constantly for 40 seconds (120 seconds after start), then stabilized combustion, and again for 50 seconds ( It is increased to 8.5 L / h by 190 seconds after the oil is added, and then maintained from 8.5 to 8 L / h.
During this period, as shown in the thick solid line of FIG. 5 and Table 1, the furnace temperature gradually increases to 600 ° C. from the start of oil injection (0 seconds) to 60 ° C., and for 20 seconds when oil injection starts (oil supply) 80 seconds later), the temperature rises rapidly to 968 ° C. (Table 1), and thereafter changes to around 1000 ° C.

  From FIG. 5 and Table 1, it can be seen that when the furnace temperature is oil only, the temperature changes around 980 ° C., whereas when water W is added to kerosene O, the furnace temperature is around 1000 ° C. In addition to the transition, after 120 seconds from the start of combustion, the spray amount of kerosene O gradually decreases from 4 L / h to about 2.5 L / h. That is, it can be seen that, in order to obtain the same furnace temperature, the consumption of kerosene can be reduced by adding water, the thermal efficiency is improved, and energy saving is achieved.

When the operation process is summarized as above, the present embodiment is as follows.
(1) mixing air and oil and spraying oil particles from the oil nozzle into the furnace;
(2) igniting the sprayed oil particles with an ignition device;
(3) a step of raising the interior of the furnace to 600 ° C. or higher after ignition;
(4) mixing air and water, spraying water particles from the water nozzle into the furnace and combusting with oil particles;
(5) maintaining the interior of the furnace at 900 ° C. or higher;
The combustion method or system for water oil which performs the process which consists of these one by one.

When burning kerosene and water in the oil-water combustion furnace 1 (product of the present invention) of this example (Example), burning only oil (Comparative Example 1), and spraying commercially available fine particles The composition of the exhaust gas in the case of a conventional banner type kerosene combustion furnace (Comparative Example 2) is compared.

It can be understood from the exhaust gas component comparison table in Table 2 that the furnace temperature in the example is approximately 40 at the time when the furnace is in a steady state in the examples and comparative examples 1 and 2; 1005 ° C., 982 ° C. in Comparative Example 1 and 778 ° C. in Comparative Example 2, but O ₂ is not much different from 14.5%, 14.8% and 14.1%, but CO ₂ is 2. 1%, 3.5%, and 4.2% are low, harmful CO is extremely low, 1%, 9%, and 32.1%. Similarly, NO is 2%, 8%, 44%, and NOx is 2 %, 7% and 43% are extremely small.
Therefore, since CO ₂ , especially CO, NO, NOx is extremely small as compared with the conventional combustion furnace, as described above, a CO ₂ or CO sensor 1211 is provided in the exhaust duct 121 as a heating system. If the exhaust gas is harmless to the human body by the CO ₂ or CO sensor 1211 that detects the exhaust component, the damper 1212 provided in the exhaust duct 121 can be switched to supply air SA to the room 4. It is.

In this way, when water is introduced from about 600 ° C., a swirling flow is generated at the fuel nozzle 2 and sprayed in the form of fine particles, so that a negative pressure is generated in the vicinity thereof, and the exhaust duct 121 is moved as a whole. It will move while burning, and as disclosed in the experimental results in [Table 2] the previous day, it is considered that CO ₂ , CO, etc. that are normally generated also burn at the same time, and the toxic gas is extremely reduced.
In addition, since the pseudo-gasification sprayed as fine particles, the high temperature in the furnace and the pressure in the furnace are about 23 Mpa, the combustion efficiency of water W is improved at the furnace temperature of 600 ° C. and the pressure of 23 Mpa or more. It is also considered that a supercritical state of water has occurred.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the water-oil combustion furnace uses water and oil as raw materials, and in the water-oil combustion furnace that burns the water-oil mixed fuel, the air and oil are directly contained in the combustion furnace. Since fine particles and fine particles of water in the air are sprayed, the combustion efficiency is improved, the operation control is simple and energy saving, and it is not necessary to turbidize the raw material water and oil in advance and use it as an emulsifier. Supply operation is simplified.
In addition, the heating system using the oil-water combustion furnace of the embodiment also improves combustion efficiency, simplifies operation control and saves energy, and it is not necessary to turbidize the raw water and oil in advance as an emulsifier. , Structural feeding operation becomes simple.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as long as the features of the present invention are not impaired.

O ... Oil, W ... Water, A ... Air (Air),
OA ... Outside air, RA ... Return air, SA ... Air supply, EA ... Exhaust,
1 .... combustion furnace for water oil, 11 .... front part, 12 .... rear end,
121 ... exhaust duct, 1211 ... CO ₂ .CO sensor (detecting device),
1212 ·· Damper, 13 · · Body, · · · Temperature sensor 15 · · Ignition device, · · · Control panel 2 · · Fuel nozzle, 2A · · oil nozzle, 2B · · water nozzle,
21 .. Cylindrical frame part, 22 .. Fuel supply part,
23 .. Fuel nozzle tip pore, 24 .. Hollow part,
25 .. Nozzle injection port, 26 .. Air supply part, 27 .. Intermediate member,
271 .. Communication hole 28.. Annular hollow 281.. Annular gap 2 A 1. Oil tank 2 A 2. Pipe 2 B 1. Water tank 2 B 2 ... Pipe 3 ... Compressor 31 A, 31 B ... Valve 4 ..Room (agricultural house),
5 ·· Outer frame, 51 ·· Bottom, 52 · · Fan, 53 · · Top, 54 · · Duct 55 · · Temperature sensor

Claims (5)

  A combustion furnace provided with an oil nozzle that mixes and sprays air and oil, and a water nozzle that mixes air and water, and ignites fine particles of oil from the oil nozzle by an ignition device so that the inside of the furnace is 600. A water-oil combustion furnace characterized in that after the temperature rises to more than 0 ° C., fine particles of water are added from the water nozzle and burned to maintain the inside of the furnace at 600 ° C. to 1005 ° C.   2. The combustion furnace for water oil according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the fine water particles is 5 μm or less.   2. The combustion furnace for water oil according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the fine oil particles is 5 μm or less.   Heat exchange is performed by bringing the outside air from the outside or the return air from the room into contact with the periphery of the water-oil combustion furnace according to claim 1, 2 or 3, and the heat exchanged warm air is supplied to the room And heating system. The heating system according to claim 4, wherein a detection device for detecting an exhaust component is provided in an exhaust duct from the water-oil combustion furnace, and in the detection device, if the exhaust is a component that is harmless to a human body, A heating system characterized in that air is supplied to the room by a damper action provided in the interior.

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