JP2017023945A - Water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water treatment apparatus ensuring that a washing effect can be obtained by appropriately setting behaviors of a filter medium and a water flow in a case of washing the filter medium.SOLUTION: A water treatment apparatus 1 for removing a suspended matter contained in water, comprises: an electric motor 3 absorbing and discharging the water from a well or a water tank; a filter medium 14 enclosed in a filter medium case 13; and a tank 12 accommodating the filter medium case 13, and is configured such that a stator blade part 20 rotating by a water flow is provided in the filter medium case 13, the stator blade part 20 is disposed in such a manner that an axial direction of the stator blade part 20 is identical to a water flow direction in the tank 12, a maximum gap between blades of the stator blade part 20 is smaller than a minimum diameter of the filter medium 14, and a filter operation in which the water flows from upward to downward in the tank 12 and a washing operation in which the water flows from downward to upward in the tank 12 can be performed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention is a water treatment apparatus for small-scale facilities, which purifies water by removing turbid components contained in well water, river water, rain water, tap water, etc. (treated water). The present invention relates to a processing apparatus.

  Conventionally, this type of water treatment apparatus is known to have a backwashing function for washing a filter medium in which clogging has occurred (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Hereinafter, the water treatment apparatus will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the water treatment apparatus 100 includes a filtration tank 101, a water-permeable receiving plate 102 and a holding plate 103 in the filtration tank 101, and a small spherical filter medium 104 in a wire bundle is inserted between the filtration tank 101 in a layered manner. In addition, the filter plate 104 is cleaned by moving the presser plate 103 up and down by the driving device 105.

JP-A-6-31113

  However, in such a conventional water treatment apparatus, there is a problem that the apparatus becomes complicated because an additional drive device is necessary for cleaning the filter medium. In addition, only the vertical movement by the driving device does not provide a sufficient cleaning effect for dirt that has entered the inside of the wire bundle, and this operation must be repeated several times when cleaning the filter medium. However, there was a problem that the cleaning required labor and time.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a water treatment apparatus that can efficiently clean a filter medium and that does not add a large facility for cleaning. .

  In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides an electric pump for sucking and discharging water from a well or a water tank in a water treatment apparatus for removing turbid components contained in water, The filter medium case includes a fiber filter medium enclosed in a filter medium case, and a tank containing the filter medium case.The filter medium case includes a stationary blade part for swirling by a water flow, and the axial direction of the stationary blade part Filtration operation in which the water flow direction in the tank is arranged to be the same direction, the maximum gap between the blades of the stationary blade portion is narrower than the minimum diameter of the fiber filter medium, and water flows through the tank from top to bottom And a cleaning operation in which water flows through the tank from the bottom to the top, thereby achieving the intended purpose.

  As described above, the present invention exists between the fibers by the collision of the substantially vertical water flow from the lower side to the upper side during the cleaning operation and the fiber filter medium in the rotating filter medium case in the substantially vertical direction. Since the turbid component can be washed effectively, the washing time for regenerating the effect of the fiber filter medium can be shortened.

The schematic diagram which shows the structure of the water treatment apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this invention. Schematic diagram showing the configuration of the filtration device Schematic diagram showing the configuration of the filter media case Schematic diagram showing the behavior of the device and the flow of water during the filtration operation Schematic diagram showing the behavior of the device and the flow of water during the washing operation Graph showing the dirt and backwashing of the filtration device Schematic diagram showing a conventional water treatment device

  The water treatment device of the present invention is a water treatment device for removing turbid components contained in water, and is enclosed in a filter case and an electric pump for sucking and discharging water from a well or a water tank. The filter medium case is provided with a stationary blade portion for swirling by a water flow, and the axial direction of the stationary blade portion and the water flow direction in the tank are The maximum gap between the blades of the stationary blade portion is narrower than the minimum diameter of the fiber filter medium, and the filtration operation in which water flows from the top to the bottom in the tank, and the inside of the tank It has a configuration that includes a washing operation in which water flows from bottom to top. As a result, the substantially vertical water flow from the bottom to the top during the washing operation and the fiber filter medium in the rotating filter medium case collide in the substantially vertical direction, so that turbid components existing between the fibers are effectively removed. Therefore, the cleaning time for regenerating the effect of the fiber filter medium can be shortened.

In addition, the outer shape of the filter medium case and the inner surface of the tank are provided with protrusions, respectively, and the protrusions engage with each other during the filtration operation, thereby suppressing the swiveling motion of the filter medium case. As a result, it is possible to fix the filter medium case without swirling during the filtration operation, so that the fiber filter medium is prevented from collecting around due to centrifugal force, and the distribution of the thickness of the filter medium at the lower part of the water flow is averaged. There is an effect that it becomes possible.
Further, at the time of the washing operation, a control for adjusting the operation output of the electric pump is mounted in order to increase the degree of stirring of the fiber filter medium in the filter medium case. As a result, the fiber filter media repeats the swirling behavior and stoppage behavior during the washing operation, so the shape change of the fiber filter media itself is also repeated, so that turbid components present between the fibers can be effectively washed. There is an effect that it is possible to shorten the cleaning time for effect regeneration of the fiber filter medium.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIG. 1, the water treatment apparatus 1 has an electric pump 3 connected to a pipe 2 connected to a well or a water tank, and a filtration apparatus 4 connected immediately thereafter, and performs filtration and backwashing. A passage that includes a switching valve 5 that can be selectively switched, and that is connected via the switching valve 5 and supplies water to the filtration device 4 when filtration is performed by the filtration device 4, and is provided upstream of the filtration device 4. The purified water upstream passage 6, the purified water downstream passage 7 provided downstream of the filtration device 4, and a passage for supplying water to the filtration device 4 when the filtration device 4 is backwashed, upstream of the filtration device 4 And a washing downstream passage 9 provided downstream of the filtering device 4.

  Here, the purified water downstream passage 7 is provided with a purified water supply valve 10, and the washing downstream passage 9 is provided with a washing water discharge valve 11.

  Each component is connected either directly or via the pipe 2, and is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to determine the connection method in consideration of the arrangement and operability of each component. Moreover, you may install members, such as a valve | bulb, a branch, and an elbow, in the middle of the piping 2 as needed.

  The pipe 2 to be used may be any material and structure that can withstand the hydraulic pressure of the pump. However, from the viewpoint of durability and ease of processing, for example, a straight pipe using a vinyl chloride resin, a steel pipe, or a composite material thereof is used. Can be used. The nominal diameter is preferably large so that the loss head is low. For example, the nominal diameter is 15 to 50 millimeters, and the thickness is preferably about 1 to 5 millimeters.

  The electric pump 3 is a pump that is driven by an electric motor that sucks up and discharges groundwater from a well or a water tank. For example, centrifugal pumps such as spiral pumps, jet pumps, cascade pumps, axial pumps, diagonal flow pumps, and the like are used. is there. When used in a general household, the depth of the well should be about 10 to 20 meters for shallow wells and 20 to 30 meters or more for deep wells. In consideration, a pump having a head of 20 meters or more is preferable, and a centrifugal pump such as a spiral pump or a jet pump is more preferable.

  The pump includes a non-automatic pump that operates with a power switch, or an automatic pump that includes a pressure tank and a pressure switch and automatically operates below a predetermined pressure. Other pumps can also be used. The flow rate discharged by the electric pump 3 is, for example, about 5 liters to 50 liters per second. For general household use, the flow rate is about 5 liters to 15 liters per second. Is preferred.

  The filtration device 4 connected immediately after the electric pump 3 is a filtration device for removing turbid components having a diameter of 1 micrometer or more such as coarse particles, aggregates, and sand contained in raw water, and the surface of the filter medium. Therefore, it is preferable to use a configuration in which the filter medium is periodically washed to discharge the dirt out of the system and can be used repeatedly.

  FIG. 2 shows the internal configuration of the filtration device 4. The filtration device 4 includes a tank 12 that is a pressure vessel that can withstand the water pressure of the pump, a filter medium case 13 that is used in the tank 12, a plurality of filter mediums 14 enclosed in the filter medium case 13, and a rotating body. It consists of a tank shaft portion 15 that is a shaft portion of the filter medium case 13. Further, an in-tank fixing protrusion 16 is provided at the lower part of the inner surface of the tank 12, an upper fixing part 17 is provided at the upper end of the tank shaft part 15, and a filter medium case rotation prevention protrusion 18 is provided on the outer surface of the filter medium case 13. Further, a detachable tank opening 19 for maintenance exists in the upper part of the tank 12 of the filtration device 4. The tank opening 19 is easy to maintain inside the tank 12 and is kept airtight, so that the structure is, for example, a screw type and the water tightness is maintained by packing such as an O-ring or rubber. preferable.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the filter case 13 is inserted at both ends orthogonal to the water flow with the stationary blade portion 20 and the tank shaft portion 15 for converting the water flow as the straight traveling component into rotational energy, and the rotation shaft. The filter medium case has a central opening 21 and a surrounding enclosure formed by a fine pore or a gap smaller than the diameter of the filter medium in a shape such as a mesh shape or a slit shape. Here, in the stationary blade portion 20, the size between the stationary blades adjacent to each other in a plane perpendicular to the axis, that is, the maximum gap x is a gap smaller than the minimum diameter d per filter medium 14. Since it is configured, the stationary blade portion 20 also serves as a filter that prevents the filter medium 14 from flowing out. In addition, there are a plurality of filter medium fixing protrusions 22 each having a length of about 10 mm on the inner surface of the filter medium case 13, and when the filter medium 14 is likely to move due to a water flow, the filter medium fixing protrusions 22 are caught by the filter medium fixing protrusions 22 and remain in place. Can do. The behavior of the filter medium case 13 and the filter medium 14 in the filter device 4 during the filtration operation and the washing operation will be described later.

  Since the tank 12 is installed near the outlet side of the electric pump 3, the pressure resistance is preferably more than the maximum output head of the electric pump 3, and the material is reinforced with metal, resin, or glass fiber. Resins are preferred.

  These are not only in contact with water, but may be used outdoors in the presence of a well, so it is required to have sufficient water resistance and weather resistance, and composite materials such as materials, wall thickness, or coatings It can be realized by.

  The shape of the tank 12 is preferably a cylindrical shape, a spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, or the like that has high durability against pressure, but may be a rectangular container such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube as long as the thickness can be secured in consideration of ease of installation. .

  The filter medium 14 put in the tank 12 is the most basic member for demonstrating the performance of the water treatment apparatus 1, and captures and removes coarse particles and aggregates having a diameter of 1 micrometer or more, and turbidity of groundwater. Its purpose is to reduce the degree and chromaticity. In the present embodiment, a material having a large porosity, a large specific surface area, and a small specific gravity is used for the filter medium 14 in comparison with general sand or the like, such as fibrous, sponge-like or non-woven fabric. The shape is not particularly limited, and for example, 100 to 500 yarns obtained by gathering about 50 to 1000 filaments having a single yarn fineness of about 50 denier or less are gathered and gathered, and 50 to 300 mm is gathered from this gathering portion. It may have a shape as a fiber aggregate formed by cutting and leaving a space in which internal voids are supported in a lattice shape by foaming of short fibers, long fibers or plastic of about 5 to 30 mm. What is required is that each of the filter media has a high porosity, and when a plurality of the filter media are enclosed in the filter media case 13, it is possible to sufficiently fill the gap in the direction of water flow. It is a shape. The concept of the minimum diameter d of the filter medium 14 is determined by the shape of the filter medium 14 in a compressed state when a water flow pressure is applied. That is, even if it is an aggregate of fibers having a fiber length of about 500 mm, the minimum diameter is actually about 10 mm because there is a possibility of being compressed to about the aggregate at the focused center.

  The filling amount of the filter medium 14 is preferably determined in consideration of filtration performance, durability, loss head, and the like. When the filter medium 14 is increased, the retention amount of the turbid component is increased, so that the removal performance is improved, the interval until the cleaning can be extended, and the cleaning frequency can be reduced. On the other hand, since the loss head increases, there may be a problem that the flow rate decreases.

  In order to prevent the filter medium 14 from flowing out of the tank 12, it is better to provide a filter medium outflow prevention filter between the tank 12 and the downstream pipe. As the filter medium outflow prevention filter, a filter having a mesh shape, a slit shape, or the like and having pores or gaps with a clearly smaller diameter than the opening provided in the filter medium case 13 can be used. The material is preferably a metal such as stainless steel, which is not easily corroded, or a resin. In addition, it is preferable to have a detachable structure for easy maintenance.

  The electric pump 3 and the filtering device 4 are connected directly or via the pipe 2. Therefore, it is preferable to arrange them as close as possible so that the filtration performance and the water flow rate of the filtration device 4 operate as designed. Moreover, it is preferable to shorten piping length also when connecting piping via it.

  FIG. 4 shows a state during the filtration operation.

  At the time of the filtration operation, first, the electric pump 3 is moved to suck up groundwater from the well or the water tank through the pipe 2. The sucked-up groundwater is guided to the purified water upstream passage 6 by the switching valve 5 and then enters the tank 12 and flows from the top to the bottom while being filtered through the filter medium case 13 in the tank 12. The filtered groundwater that has come out is supplied through the purified water downstream passage 7. At this time, the purified water supply valve 10 provided in the purified water downstream passage 7 is opened, and the washing water discharge valve 11 provided in the washing downstream passage 9 is closed. Here, the behavior of the filter medium case 13 in the tank 12 will be described in more detail. Since the filter medium case 13 is held in a state in which the tank shaft portion 15 provided in the tank 12 is inserted into the filter medium case central opening 21 provided in the filter medium case 13, it is not fixed in the vertical direction. It is fixed in a state where it can move up and down under the influence of water flow. Since the ground water flows from the top to the bottom during the filtration operation, the filter medium case 13 is fixed at the lower part in the tank 12. At this time, an in-tank fixing protrusion 16 is provided at a lower position on the inner surface of the tank 12, and when the filter medium case 13 is moved downward by a water flow, the lower surface of the filter medium case 13 is placed on the in-tank fixing protrusion 16. The height direction is determined by contact. Since the filter medium case 13 is provided with the stationary blade portion 20 that converts the water flow into rotational energy, the filter medium case 13 tries to turn in the rotation direction under the influence of the water flow. When the in-tank fixing protrusion 16 provided at the position and the filter medium case rotation prevention protrusion 18 provided on the outer surface of the filter medium case 13 come into contact with each other, the rotation behavior of the filter medium case 13 is suppressed and the filter medium case 13 is stationary. It becomes. During the filtration operation, turbid components contained in the water can be efficiently removed by flowing water in a state where the plurality of filter media 14 are spread with a uniform thickness below the filter media case 13. Since the filter medium 14 does not exhibit the rotational behavior as in the present embodiment, the filter medium 14 in the filter medium case 13 is spread with a uniform thickness without being biased.

  FIG. 5 shows the state of the cleaning operation.

  During the cleaning operation, first, the electric pump 3 is moved to suck up groundwater from the well or the water tank through the pipe 2. The sucked-up groundwater is guided to the washing upstream passage 8 by the switching valve 5 and then enters the tank 12 and flows from the bottom to the top while stirring the filter medium 14 through the filter medium case 13 in the tank 12. The groundwater after leaving the tank 12 is discharged through the washing downstream passage 9. At this time, the purified water supply valve 10 provided in the purified water downstream passage 7 is closed, and the washing water discharge valve 11 provided in the washing downstream passage 9 is opened. Here, the behavior of the filter medium case 13 in the tank 12 will be described in more detail. Since the filter medium case 13 is held in a state in which the tank shaft portion 15 provided in the tank 12 is inserted into the filter medium case central opening 21 provided in the filter medium case 13, it is not fixed in the vertical direction. It is fixed in a state where it can move up and down under the influence of water flow. Since the ground water flows from the bottom to the top during the washing operation, the filter medium case 13 is fixed at the upper part in the tank 12. When the filter media case 13 moves upward due to the water flow, the filter media case 13 comes into contact with the upper fixing portion 17 provided at the upper end of the tank shaft portion 15 in the tank 12 to determine the height direction. Further, since the filter medium case 13 is provided with the stationary blade part 20 that converts the water flow into rotational energy, the filter medium case 13 is rotated around the tank shaft 15 under the influence of the water flow. At this time, since a gap is generated in the vertical direction between the in-tank fixing protrusion 16 provided at the lower position on the inner surface of the tank 12 and the filter medium case rotation preventing protrusion 18 provided on the outer surface of the filter medium case 13, the rotational movement of the filter medium case 13 is performed. Will not be disturbed. Conventionally, when the filter medium 14 is washed, it has been selected to efficiently contact the filter medium 14 with the water flow or to provide mechanical means such as bubbling. When the case 13 rotates, the filter medium 14 is caught by a plurality of filter medium fixing protrusions 22 existing on the inner surface of the filter medium case 13, so that the filter medium 14 enclosed in accordance with the movement of the filter medium case 13 also rotates inside the tank 12. In addition, since the water flow comes into contact with the filter medium 14 from the direction orthogonal to the rotational movement direction, efficient cleaning is performed. When the filter medium 14 moves to the upper side of the filter medium case 13 due to the water flow inside the tank 12, the filter medium 14 is caught by a plurality of filter medium fixing protrusions 22 existing at the upper part of the filter medium case 13. The filtered filter medium 14 also rotates inside the tank 12.

  Furthermore, it is possible to further improve the cleaning efficiency by installing a control for adjusting the operation output of the electric pump 3 during the cleaning operation. For example, the operation of the electric pump 3 during the cleaning operation is controlled to repeat the operation and the stop periodically, so that the behavior of the filter medium 14 enclosed in the filter medium case 13 depends on the water flow during the operation of the electric pump 3. When the electric pump 3 stops, the water drops by its own weight when the electric pump 3 is stopped. By repeating this behavior, the plurality of filter media 14 are agitated, and the positional relationship of each of the plurality of filter media 14 changes, so that the filter media 14 that contacts the surface in contact with the water flow also changes, so efficient cleaning is achieved. Here, the control that repeats the operation and the stop is used, but this is not necessarily based on this, and if a mechanism that can adjust the output of the electric pump 3 is provided, There is no difference in action.

  As a method for adjusting the output of the electric pump 3, a control method for varying the flow rate required during pump operation, such as sequence control or microcomputer control, may be used, which is unique to the cleaning operation of the present embodiment. It does not require a control method.

  FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the amount of dirt accumulated on the filter medium 14 by using the water treatment device 1 and the operation time of the water treatment device 1. During the filtration operation, turbid components are accumulated in the filter medium 14 as the operation time elapses, so the amount of dirt increases. During the washing operation, turbid components are removed from the filter medium 14, so the amount of dirt is reduced. Note that the point in time when the turbidity component is no longer discharged from the cleaning downstream passage during the cleaning operation is regarded as the purification performance of the filtering device 4 has been regenerated, and the cleaning operation is terminated.

  Since the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention can efficiently wash the filter medium with a simple configuration, it is useful as a domestic water treatment apparatus used for purification of well water or stored water.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water treatment apparatus 2 Piping 3 Electric pump 4 Filtration apparatus 5 Switching valve 6 Purified water upstream path 7 Purified water downstream path 8 Washing upstream path 9 Washing downstream path 10 Purified water supply valve 11 Washing water discharge valve 12 Tank 13 Filter medium case 14 Filter medium 15 Tank shaft portion 16 In-tank fixing protrusion 17 Upper fixing portion 18 Filter medium case rotation prevention protrusion 19 Tank opening 20 Stator blade 21 Filter medium case central opening 22 Filter medium fixing protrusion

Claims (3)

In a water treatment apparatus for removing turbid components contained in water, an electric pump for sucking and discharging water from a well or a water tank, a fiber filter medium enclosed in a filter medium case, and the filter medium case The filter medium case is provided with a stationary blade portion for swirling by a water flow, and the axial direction of the stationary blade portion and the water flow direction in the tank are arranged in the same direction. ,
The maximum gap between the blades of the stationary blade portion is narrower than the minimum diameter of the fiber filter medium, and a filtration operation in which water flows from the top to the bottom in the tank, and a washing operation in which water flows from the bottom to the top in the tank A water treatment device having a configuration comprising: The water treatment device according to claim 1, wherein protrusions are provided on an outer surface of the filter medium case and an inner surface of the tank, respectively, and the protrusions mesh with each other during filtration operation. 3. The water treatment device according to claim 1, wherein a control for adjusting an operation output of the electric pump is mounted in order to increase the degree of stirring of the fiber filter medium in the filter medium case during the washing operation.

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