JP2017014818A - Ground strength determination method, and tunnel excavation method - Google Patents

Ground strength determination method, and tunnel excavation method Download PDF

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JP2017014818A
JP2017014818A JP2015133539A JP2015133539A JP2017014818A JP 2017014818 A JP2017014818 A JP 2017014818A JP 2015133539 A JP2015133539 A JP 2015133539A JP 2015133539 A JP2015133539 A JP 2015133539A JP 2017014818 A JP2017014818 A JP 2017014818A
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excavation
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ground strength
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JP6385895B2 (en
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泰宏 横田
Yasuhiro Yokota
泰宏 横田
望 成田
Nozomi Narita
望 成田
山本 拓治
Takuji Yamamoto
拓治 山本
伊達 健介
Kensuke Date
健介 伊達
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Kajima Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ground strength determination method that enables quantitative assessment of a declined amount of the ground strength after excavation, along with a tunnel excavation method that utilizes the determination method.SOLUTION: In a ground strength determination method, a ground 5 scheduled for excavation is bored toward an excavation direction for sampling a boring core of the ground scheduled for excavation. A strength test is performed on the sampled boring core after elapse of a prescribed amount of time from the sampling, and the ground strength obtained from the strength test result is assumed as the ground strength of the ground 5 scheduled for excavation after elapse of the prescribed amount of time from excavation. Based on the assumed ground strength, the ground strength after elapse of the prescribed amount of time from the excavation may be known.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、地盤強度の判定方法、及び、トンネルの掘削方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a ground strength determination method and a tunnel excavation method.

地盤を掘削した場合、掘削に伴って地質が緩み、応力解放の影響とともに含水比の低下や乾燥の影響を受けて、地盤強度が低下する場合がある。適切な支保工を設置しなかった場合は、地盤強度の低下により地盤の変形として現れ、掘削した領域の沈下・変状を招いたり岩盤の崩落を招いたりすることから、これを防止すべく地盤強度の低下量を定量的に評価することが求められている。   When excavating the ground, the geology loosens with the excavation, and the ground strength may decrease due to the effect of stress release as well as the decrease in moisture content and the effect of drying. If an appropriate support is not installed, it will appear as a deformation of the ground due to a decrease in ground strength, causing the subsidence / deformation of the excavated area or the collapse of the rock. There is a need to quantitatively evaluate the amount of strength reduction.

地盤強度を測定する方法として、掘削した地山の孔に貫入針を挿入して掘削の最前面の地山の強度を測定する方法が知られている(例えば特許文献1参照)。   As a method for measuring ground strength, a method is known in which a penetrating needle is inserted into a hole in an excavated natural ground to measure the strength of the natural ground in the forefront of excavation (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開平5−164668号公報JP-A-5-164668

しかしながら、地盤強度を測定したとしても、掘削後に地盤強度が低下する場合があるため、例えばトンネル構築工事では、掘削直後に測定した地盤強度に基づいて最適な支保工(鋼製支保工・吹付コンクリート・ロックボルト等)のパターンを選択して設置した場合でも、その後の地盤強度の低下によって支保工による支持が不十分となり、掘削した領域が沈下・変状するおそれがある。   However, even if the ground strength is measured, the ground strength may decrease after excavation. For example, in tunnel construction work, the optimal support (steel support / split concrete) is based on the ground strength measured immediately after excavation.・ Even when a pattern such as a rock bolt is selected and installed, the support by the support work becomes insufficient due to the subsequent decrease in ground strength, and the excavated area may sink or deform.

そこで本発明は、掘削後の地盤強度の低下量を定量的に評価することができる地盤強度の判定方法、及び、当該判定方法を利用したトンネルの掘削方法を提供することを目的とする。   Then, an object of this invention is to provide the determination method of the ground strength which can evaluate quantitatively the fall amount of the ground strength after excavation, and the excavation method of the tunnel using the said determination method.

本発明は、掘削予定地盤を掘削方向に向ってボーリングして掘削予定地盤のボーリングコアを採取し、採取したボーリングコアに対して、採取から所定時間が経過した後に強度試験を実施し、強度試験の結果から得られる地盤強度を、掘削予定地盤の掘削後から所定時間が経過した後の地盤強度とみなす、地盤強度の判定方法を提供する。   The present invention boils the ground to be excavated in the direction of excavation, collects the boring core of the ground to be excavated, and performs a strength test on the collected boring core after a predetermined time has elapsed since the sampling. There is provided a ground strength determination method in which the ground strength obtained from the result is regarded as the ground strength after a predetermined time has elapsed since the excavation of the planned excavation ground.

この地盤強度の判定方法では、掘削方向のボーリングコアに対して採取から所定時間が経過した後に強度試験を実施することから、掘削から所定時間が経過した後の地盤強度を知ることができる。従って、掘削後の地盤強度を定量的に評価することができる。   In this ground strength determination method, the strength test is performed on the boring core in the excavation direction after a predetermined time has elapsed since sampling, so that the ground strength after the predetermined time has elapsed since excavation can be known. Therefore, the ground strength after excavation can be quantitatively evaluated.

また、本発明は、掘削予定地盤を掘削方向に向ってボーリングして掘削予定地盤のボーリングコアを採取し、採取したボーリングコアに対して、非破壊による強度試験を互いに所定の時間間隔をおいて複数回実施し、複数回の強度試験の結果から得られるボーリングコアの経時的変化の情報に基づいて掘削予定地盤の掘削後の地盤強度の経時的変化を推定する、地盤強度の判定方法を提供する。   Further, the present invention is to boring the planned excavation ground in the excavation direction to collect the boring core of the planned excavation ground, and performing non-destructive strength tests on the collected boring core at predetermined time intervals. Providing a ground strength judgment method that estimates the time-dependent change in ground strength after excavation of the ground to be excavated based on information on time-dependent changes in the boring core obtained from the results of multiple strength tests. To do.

この地盤強度の判定方法では、掘削方向のボーリングコアに対して非破壊による強度試験を互いに所定の時間間隔をおいて複数回実施することから、掘削直後の地盤強度だけでなく、掘削から所定時間が経過した後の地盤強度を知ることができる。すなわち、地盤強度の経時的変化を知ることができる。従って、掘削後の地盤強度の低下量を定量的に評価することができる。   In this ground strength determination method, the non-destructive strength test is performed on the boring core in the excavation direction multiple times at predetermined time intervals, so that not only the ground strength immediately after excavation but also a predetermined time from excavation. It is possible to know the ground strength after the lapse of time. That is, the temporal change in ground strength can be known. Therefore, the amount of decrease in ground strength after excavation can be quantitatively evaluated.

上記強度試験は、実施の容易さから、針貫入試験であることが好ましい。   The strength test is preferably a needle penetration test because of its ease of implementation.

ここで、ボーリングコアの採取に際し、ボーリングコアの各部位の削孔口からの距離を記録することが好ましい。これによれば、地盤強度を判定する位置を正確に把握することができる。   Here, when collecting the boring core, it is preferable to record the distance from each hole in the boring core. According to this, the position which determines ground strength can be grasped correctly.

また、本発明は、掘削予定地盤に対するトンネルの掘削方法であって、掘削予定地盤に上記地盤強度の判定方法を適用し、ボーリングコアを採取した掘削予定地盤中の所定の地点に設置すべき支保工のパターンを選択する際に、判定方法による地盤強度に基づいて、事前に設定された複数種の支保工のパターンから設置すべき支保工を選択し、選択した支保工を前記所定の地点に設置する、トンネルの掘削方法を提供する。   The present invention also relates to a tunnel excavation method for a planned excavation ground, wherein the above-described ground strength determination method is applied to the planned excavation ground, and a support to be installed at a predetermined point in the planned excavation ground from which a boring core is collected. When selecting a work pattern, based on the ground strength by the judgment method, select a support work to be installed from a plurality of types of support work set in advance, and the selected support work to the predetermined point Provide tunnel excavation method to be installed.

このトンネルの掘削方法では、上記地盤強度の判定方法を適用することによって、掘削予定の任意の地点における、掘削後の所定時間経過後の地盤強度の低下量をあらかじめ知ることができるので、その低下量を見越したうえでその地点に設置すべき支保工のパターンを選択することができる。すなわち、掘削直後だけでなく将来に亘って地盤を支持するのに必要かつ十分な支保工のパターンを適切に選択することができる。   In this tunnel excavation method, by applying the above ground strength determination method, it is possible to know in advance the amount of decrease in ground strength after a predetermined time has elapsed after excavation at any point scheduled for excavation. You can select the pattern of the support that should be installed at that point in anticipation of the quantity. That is, it is possible to appropriately select a support pattern that is necessary and sufficient to support the ground not only immediately after excavation but also in the future.

本発明によれば、掘削後の地盤強度の低下量を定量的に評価することができる地盤強度の判定方法、及び、当該判定方法を利用したトンネルの掘削方法を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the determination method of the ground strength which can evaluate quantitatively the fall amount of the ground strength after excavation, and the tunnel excavation method using the said determination method can be provided.

トンネルの掘削現場を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the excavation site of a tunnel. 針貫入試験の結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the result of a needle penetration test. 図2をヒストグラム化したものであり、(a)は採取直後の結果を示し、(b)はその2週間後の結果を示している。FIG. 2 is a histogram of (a) showing the result immediately after collection, and (b) showing the result two weeks later. 図2から代表的な測定点を抜き出したグラフである。It is the graph which extracted the typical measurement point from FIG. グループ1〜5の傾向を視覚的に示したイメージ図である。It is the image figure which showed the tendency of the groups 1-5 visually.

以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図1は、トンネルを構築するための掘削坑10を示しており、図示左側が坑口側を示し、図示右側が掘削の進行方向を示している。掘削は支保工3を順次設置しながら進め、掘削の最前面の切羽1に近い位置には、支保工3Aが設置されている。なお、掘削坑10の支保としては、鋼製による支保工3Aの他、吹付コンクリートやロックボルト等が適宜選択される。   FIG. 1 shows an excavation pit 10 for constructing a tunnel, the left side in the figure shows the pit side, and the right side in the figure shows the direction of excavation. The excavation proceeds while the support works 3 are sequentially installed, and a support work 3A is installed at a position close to the face 1 at the forefront of the excavation. In addition, as support of the excavation mine 10, shot concrete, a rock bolt, etc. are suitably selected besides the steel support 3A.

(地盤強度の判定方法)
地盤強度を判定するためには、掘削の最前面の切羽1に削孔口を設け、進行方向前方の掘削予定地盤5における所定領域7に対して掘削方向に向ってボーリングを行い、ボーリングコアを採取する。このとき、ボーリングコアの各部位の、削孔口からの距離を記録しておく。すなわち、長尺のボーリングコアを所定の長さのセグメントに切断して、長尺の状態を再現できるように接合順を記録し、且つ、それぞれのセグメントの長さを記録しておく。ここで、掘削坑10の断面積は例えば50m〜150mであり、ボーリング径は例えば直径60mm〜150mmである。
(Ground strength judgment method)
In order to determine the ground strength, a drilling hole is provided in the foremost face 1 of excavation, and a predetermined area 7 in the planned excavation ground 5 ahead in the traveling direction is drilled in the excavation direction, Collect. At this time, the distance from each hole in each part of the boring core is recorded. That is, the long boring core is cut into segments of a predetermined length, the joining order is recorded so that the long state can be reproduced, and the length of each segment is recorded. Here, the cross-sectional area of the excavation pit 10 is, for example, 50 m 2 to 150 m 2 , and the boring diameter is, for example, 60 mm to 150 mm in diameter.

ボーリングコアを採取する長さは、例えば30m〜100mとする。この長さは、その地盤の掘削可能速度に応じて適宜決定する。ここで「掘削可能速度」とは、単位時間当たりに掘削することができる距離をいい、単位は例えば「m/月」である。地盤によっては硬い部分や軟らかい部分があるため、場所によって掘削可能速度は異なる。   The length for collecting the boring core is, for example, 30 m to 100 m. This length is appropriately determined according to the excavation speed of the ground. Here, the “excavable speed” means a distance that can be excavated per unit time, and the unit is, for example, “m / month”. Depending on the ground, there are hard and soft parts, so the excavation speed varies depending on the location.

次に、採取したボーリングコアに対して、強度試験として一軸圧縮強さを測定する。具体的には、一軸圧縮強さ試験の簡易代替法として針貫入試験を行い、この測定値に対して所定の変換をして「推定一軸圧縮強さ」(単位はN/mm)を導く。 Next, uniaxial compressive strength is measured as a strength test for the sampled boring core. Specifically, a needle penetration test is performed as a simple alternative to the uniaxial compressive strength test, and a predetermined conversion is performed on the measured value to derive an “estimated uniaxial compressive strength” (unit: N / mm 2 ). .

針貫入試験は、ボーリングコアの採取直後と、その後の所定間隔をおいた時点の2回行う。ここでの所定間隔は、ボーリングコアの測定箇所の削孔口からの距離と、地盤の掘削可能速度とを勘案して決める。すなわち、測定箇所の削孔口からの距離がXmであり、掘削可能速度がYm/月である場合は、遅くともX/Yヵ月後には2回目の測定を行う必要がある。例えば、測定箇所の削孔口からの距離が50mであり、掘削可能速度が50m/月である場合は、遅くとも1ヶ月後には2回目の測定を行うことが好ましい。トンネル掘削直後に支保工のパターンを選択して支保工を設置する必要があることから、トンネル掘削時、支保工設置時には時間経過とともに発生する地盤強度の低下を評価することができる。したがって、時間経過とともに低下した地盤強度に基づいて、支保工のパターンを選択して支保工を設置することができる。   The needle penetration test is performed twice, immediately after sampling the boring core and at a predetermined interval thereafter. The predetermined interval here is determined in consideration of the distance from the drilling hole at the measurement location of the boring core and the excavation speed of the ground. That is, when the distance from the drilling hole of the measurement location is Xm and the excavable speed is Ym / month, the second measurement needs to be performed after X / Y months at the latest. For example, when the distance from the drilling hole at the measurement location is 50 m and the excavation speed is 50 m / month, it is preferable to perform the second measurement after one month at the latest. Immediately after tunnel excavation, it is necessary to select a support work pattern and install the support work. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the decrease in ground strength that occurs with time during tunnel excavation and support work installation. Therefore, the support work can be installed by selecting the support work pattern based on the ground strength that has decreased with time.

測定箇所は、1本のボーリングコアに対して複数箇所行う。例えば、支保工の選択に基づいて1回の掘削長や鋼製支保工の設置間隔に合せて、例えば1.0m〜1.5mの間隔で行う。また、地盤強度の推定をより細かく行うために、例えば10cm間隔で測定してもよい。2回目の針貫入試験では、1回目の測定で生じた穴を避けるようにして、1回目の測定箇所から僅かに(例えば1cm)ずらした箇所で測定する。2回の針貫入試験の結果から、ボーリングコアの経時的変化の情報が得られる。   A plurality of measurement locations are performed for one boring core. For example, it is performed at intervals of 1.0 m to 1.5 m, for example, in accordance with the installation distance of one excavation length or steel support based on the selection of the support. Moreover, in order to estimate ground strength more finely, you may measure at intervals of 10 cm, for example. In the second needle penetration test, measurement is performed at a position slightly shifted (for example, 1 cm) from the first measurement position so as to avoid the hole generated in the first measurement. From the results of the two needle penetration tests, information on the change over time of the boring core can be obtained.

図2は、実際に1回のボーリングで約56mに亘ってボーリングコアを採取し、その様々な箇所に対して2回ずつ(採取直後とその2週間後)行った針貫入試験の結果を示している。図中の「CII」「DI」「DII」は、その推定一軸圧縮強さに対応する地山等級を示している。図3は、図2の結果をヒストグラム化したものであり、図3(a)が採取直後の結果を示し、図3(b)がその2週間後の結果を示している。図2及び図3の結果から、ボーリングコアの経時的変化として、推定一軸圧縮強さが小さくなる傾向があることが分かる。なお、支保工のパターンは地山等級により選択される。   Fig. 2 shows the results of a needle penetration test in which a boring core was actually collected for about 56 m by one boring, and was performed twice (immediately and after two weeks) at various locations. ing. “CII”, “DI”, and “DII” in the figure indicate ground grades corresponding to the estimated uniaxial compressive strength. FIG. 3 is a histogram of the results of FIG. 2, FIG. 3 (a) shows the results immediately after collection, and FIG. 3 (b) shows the results after 2 weeks. From the results of FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the estimated uniaxial compressive strength tends to decrease as the boring core changes over time. The support pattern is selected according to the ground grade.

図4は、図2から代表的な測定点を抜き出したものである。測定した2点の推定一軸圧縮強さの大きさ及び経時的変化の傾向から、測定点をグループ1〜5に分類することができる。
グループ1:採取直後から強度が低く、強度の低下はみられない。
グループ2:採取直後の強度は中程度であるが、強度が低下する。
グループ3:採取直後の強度は高く、強度の低下はほとんどもられない。
グループ4:採取直後の強度は中程度で、強度の低下はみられない。
グループ5:採取直後の強度は高いが、強度が顕著に低下する。
FIG. 4 shows representative measurement points extracted from FIG. The measurement points can be classified into groups 1 to 5 based on the measured magnitude of the estimated uniaxial compressive strength of the two points and the tendency of change over time.
Group 1: Intensity is low immediately after collection, and no decrease in intensity is observed.
Group 2: The strength immediately after collection is moderate, but the strength decreases.
Group 3: The strength is high immediately after collection and there is almost no decrease in strength.
Group 4: Intensity immediately after collection is moderate and no decrease in intensity is observed.
Group 5: The strength immediately after collection is high, but the strength is significantly reduced.

図5は、上記グループ1〜5の傾向を視覚的に理解しやすくするために示した図である。図4及び図5から分かるとおり、掘削された地盤の地盤強度は、初期から高い場合もあれば低い場合もある。そして、初期の地盤強度の高さは必ずしもその後の地盤強度の高さを保証するのではなく、地盤によっては強度の低下がみられ、その低下速度にも高低差がある。   FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the tendency of the groups 1 to 5 for easy understanding visually. As can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the ground strength of the excavated ground may be high or low from the beginning. The initial high ground strength does not necessarily guarantee the subsequent high ground strength, but the strength is lowered depending on the ground, and there is a difference in the speed of the reduction.

本実施形態の地盤強度の判定方法では、採取したボーリングコアの任意の箇所について2回の針貫入試験を行うことで、この結果に基づいて掘削予定地盤の掘削後の地盤強度の経時的変化を推定することができる。ひいては、掘削後の時間経過に伴って発生する地盤強度の低下量を定量的に評価できる。つまり、採取直後と採取2週間後の測定結果から、最終的に安定する地盤強度を推定できる。なお、地盤強度が掘削後に時間経過とともに変化する地山であっても、例えば、長いものでも数ヶ月経程度で地盤強度が最終的に安定する。   In the ground strength determination method of the present embodiment, the needle strength test after excavation of the planned excavation ground is performed based on this result by performing the needle penetration test twice for an arbitrary portion of the sampled boring core. Can be estimated. As a result, the amount of decrease in ground strength that occurs with the passage of time after excavation can be quantitatively evaluated. That is, finally stable ground strength can be estimated from the measurement results immediately after collection and 2 weeks after collection. In addition, even if the ground strength changes with time after excavation, for example, even if it is long, the ground strength finally becomes stable after several months.

また、針貫入試験は一軸圧縮試験とは異なり、実質的に非破壊による強度試験であって、ほぼ同じ箇所の測定を複数回行うことができる。また、針貫入試験は針を刺すことで測定を行うため、採取したボーリングコアが柱形状を維持できないほどに状態の悪い地盤であったとしても適用することができ、試験方法が制約されないという利点がある。ここで「非破壊による強度試験」とは、試験片であるボーリングコアが試験前と試験後で同形状を保つことができる試験をいう。針貫入試験も非破壊による強度試験に含まれるものとする。   Further, unlike the uniaxial compression test, the needle penetration test is a non-destructive strength test, and the measurement at substantially the same location can be performed a plurality of times. In addition, since the needle penetration test is measured by piercing the needle, it can be applied even if the sampled boring core is in poor condition so that the column shape cannot be maintained, and the test method is not restricted. There is. Here, the “non-destructive strength test” refers to a test in which a boring core as a test piece can maintain the same shape before and after the test. The needle penetration test is also included in the non-destructive strength test.

また、上記ボーリングコアの採取に際し、ボーリングコアの各部位の、削孔口からの距離を記録しているので、地盤強度を判定する位置を正確に把握することができる。これにより、例えば掘削予定地盤を対象とした、地盤強度に関する分布図を作成することができる。   Moreover, since the distance from the drilling hole of each part of the boring core is recorded when the boring core is collected, the position for determining the ground strength can be accurately grasped. Thereby, for example, a distribution map relating to ground strength can be created for the planned excavation ground.

本実施形態では、ボーリングコア採取直後と、ボーリングコア採取して2週間後の2回の結果を用いて掘削後の時間経過とともに発生する地盤強度の低下を評価したが、採取直後と2週間後の2回である必要はない。少なくとも2回実施すれば時間経過とともに変化する地盤強度の低下推移を把握しやすく、3回以上実施してもよい。また、採取直後に1回目を実施すれば、長期間の時間経過による地盤強度の変化を把握しやすいので好ましいが、1回目を採取直後にする必要はない。   In this embodiment, the decrease in ground strength that occurs with the passage of time after excavation was evaluated using two results immediately after collecting the boring core and two weeks after collecting the boring core. It is not necessary to be twice. If it is carried out at least twice, it is easy to grasp the decrease in ground strength that changes over time, and it may be carried out three or more times. In addition, it is preferable to perform the first time immediately after collection because it is easy to grasp the change in ground strength over time, but it is not necessary to perform the first time immediately after collection.

また、1回の測定であっても採取後に一定の時間が経過した後の測定であれば、トンネル掘削後の一定の時間の経過後の地盤強度を予測することも可能である。この場合、予測した地盤強度を、掘削予定地盤の掘削後から一定の時間が経過した後の地盤強度とみなす。ここで「一定の時間」としては、1週間後、2週間後、3週間後、1か月後等が挙げられる。   In addition, even if it is a single measurement, if it is a measurement after a certain time has elapsed after collection, the ground strength after a certain time after tunnel excavation can be predicted. In this case, the predicted ground strength is regarded as the ground strength after a certain time has elapsed since the excavation of the planned excavation ground. Here, “certain time” includes one week later, two weeks later, three weeks later, one month later, and the like.

針貫入試験は採取したボーリングコアに対して、数cm程度ずらした位置で複数回測定することが可能であるので、実質的に非破壊による強度試験と同等であるが、強度の測定方法は針貫入試験に代えて、他の非破壊による強度試験、例えば超音波探査法、電気探査法等を採用してもよい。   The needle penetration test can be measured multiple times at a position shifted by several centimeters with respect to the sampled boring core, so it is substantially equivalent to a non-destructive strength test. Instead of the penetration test, other non-destructive strength tests such as an ultrasonic exploration method and an electric exploration method may be employed.

(トンネルの掘削方法)
図1に戻って、上記地盤強度の判定方法を利用したトンネルの掘削方法について説明する。掘削の最前面の切羽1の位置であるA地点から掘削方向の先にあるB地点までの所定領域7に対してボーリングを行い、ボーリングコアを採取する。ここでB地点は、その地盤の掘削可能速度から判断して2週間後に掘削が到達する地点であるとする。
(Tunnel excavation method)
Returning to FIG. 1, a tunnel excavation method using the ground strength determination method will be described. Boring is performed on a predetermined area 7 from point A, which is the position of the foremost face 1 of excavation, to point B, which is ahead of the excavation direction, and a boring core is collected. Here, it is assumed that the point B is a point where excavation reaches after two weeks as judged from the excavation speed of the ground.

他方、各地山等級に応じた複数種の支保工のパターンを事前に設定しておく。これらのパターンとしては、構成支保工の有無や仕様(例えば、H型鋼100〜150等)、吹付けコンクリートの厚さ、ロックボルトの長さ等、種々の態様が異なるものを取り揃えておく。   On the other hand, patterns of multiple types of support work according to the mountain grades are set in advance. As these patterns, those having various aspects such as presence / absence of construction support and specifications (for example, H-shaped steel 100 to 150), shot concrete thickness, lock bolt length, and the like are prepared.

採取したボーリングコアに対して上記判定方法を適用し、地盤強度とその経時的な低下度合いを把握する。ここで、2回目の針貫入試験は、B地点の到達時より早く行う。その結果により、B地点で掘削後に時間経過とともに発生する地盤強度低下量を評価して、強度低下後の地盤強度を推定一軸圧縮強度として、その他、地盤の風化変質、割目間隔、割目状態、走向傾斜等、種々の性質から総合評価して、地山等級を決定する。この方法は、例えば、日本道路協会の計測・観測指針に基づく評価である。   Apply the above-mentioned determination method to the collected boring cores to grasp the ground strength and the degree of its deterioration over time. Here, the second needle penetration test is performed earlier than when the point B is reached. Based on the results, the amount of ground strength reduction that occurs over time after excavation at point B is evaluated, and the ground strength after strength reduction is estimated as uniaxial compressive strength, as well as ground weathering alteration, split interval, split state The natural ground grade is determined by comprehensive evaluation from various properties such as the strike-slope. This method is, for example, evaluation based on the measurement / observation guidelines of the Japan Road Association.

決定された地山等級に応じて、トンネル内の所定の地点Bに設置すべき支保工のパターンを上記複数種のパターンから選択する。そして、実際に掘削予定地盤5を掘削して地点Bに到達したときに、選択した支保工3BをB地点の近傍に設置する。   According to the determined ground grade, a support pattern to be installed at a predetermined point B in the tunnel is selected from the plurality of patterns. When the planned excavation ground 5 is excavated and reaches point B, the selected support work 3B is installed in the vicinity of point B.

この掘削方法では、上記判定方法を適用することによって、掘削予定の任意の地点における、掘削後の所定時間経過後の地盤強度の低下量をあらかじめ知ることができるので、その低下量を見越したうえでその地点に設置すべき支保工のパターンを選択することができる。すなわち、掘削直後だけでなく将来に亘って地盤を支持するのに必要かつ十分な支保工のパターンを適切に選択することができる。   In this excavation method, by applying the above judgment method, it is possible to know in advance the amount of ground strength decrease after a predetermined time has elapsed after excavation at any point scheduled for excavation. You can select the support pattern to be installed at that point. That is, it is possible to appropriately select a support pattern that is necessary and sufficient to support the ground not only immediately after excavation but also in the future.

例えば、ボーリングコアの採取直後のB地点の地盤強度がB等級であると判定され、その2週間後の判定ではC等級であると判定されたとする。このとき、従来のトンネル掘削方法では、掘削した原位置における強度判定に基づいて支保工のパターンを選択していたため、B地点の掘削時には、掘削直後に地盤強度を判定するので、B等級と判定され、B等級用の支保工を設置していた。従って、従来は支保工設置後の地盤強度の低下によって支保工による支持が不十分となり、掘削した領域が沈下・変状し、再掘削を余儀なくされることがあった。   For example, it is determined that the ground strength at the point B immediately after collecting the boring core is determined to be the B grade, and it is determined to be the C grade in the determination two weeks later. At this time, in the conventional tunnel excavation method, since the support work pattern was selected based on the strength judgment at the original position where the excavation was performed, the ground strength is judged immediately after excavation at the time of excavation at point B. A B grade support was installed. Therefore, conventionally, the support by the support work becomes insufficient due to the decrease in the ground strength after the support work is installed, and the excavated area sinks and deforms, and it is sometimes forced to re-excavate.

これに対して本実施形態においては、掘削直後から2週間後には地山等級がC等級に劣化することがあらかじめ分かっているので、B地点の掘削時には地盤強度の低下を見越して、C等級用の支保工を設置することができる。従って、この方法によれば、掘削直後だけでなく将来に亘って地盤を支持するのに必要かつ十分な支保工のパターンを適切に選択することができる。   On the other hand, in this embodiment, since it is known in advance that the ground grade will deteriorate to C grade two weeks after the excavation, in anticipation of the decrease in ground strength when excavating at point B, Can be installed. Therefore, according to this method, it is possible to appropriately select a support pattern that is necessary and sufficient to support the ground not only immediately after excavation but also in the future.

本実施例では、採取直後と採取2週間後に地盤強度を測定したが、例えば、採取直後と、採取1週間後、採取2週間後の合計3回実施して、採取直後、採取1週間後の測定結果からは地山等級がB等級であって、2週間後の測定結果からはC等級であったような場合は、最終的な地盤強度は更に低下することを予想して、地山等級をD等級として支保工を選択することもできる。   In this example, the ground strength was measured immediately after collection and 2 weeks after collection. For example, the soil strength was measured 3 times, immediately after collection, 1 week after collection, and 2 weeks after collection. If the ground level is B grade from the measurement result and C grade from the measurement result after 2 weeks, the final ground strength is expected to decrease further. Can be selected as D grade.

以上、本発明の好適な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に何ら限定されるものではない。例えば、上記実施形態で実施した針貫入試験の試験回数が多いほど、地盤強度の経時的な低下量が小さくなる時期を見極めることが容易になる。   The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, as the number of times of the needle penetration test performed in the above embodiment increases, it becomes easier to determine the time when the amount of decrease in ground strength with time decreases.

1…掘削の最前面の切羽、3(3A,3B)…支保工、5…掘削予定地盤、7…所定領域、10…掘削坑。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Front face of excavation, 3 (3A, 3B) ... Supporting work, 5 ... Planned excavation ground, 7 ... Predetermined area, 10 ... Excavation mine.

Claims (5)

掘削予定地盤を掘削方向に向ってボーリングして前記掘削予定地盤のボーリングコアを採取し、
採取した前記ボーリングコアに対して、採取から所定時間が経過した後に強度試験を実施し、
前記強度試験の結果から得られる地盤強度を、前記掘削予定地盤の掘削後から前記所定時間が経過した後の地盤強度とみなす、地盤強度の判定方法。
Boring the ground to be excavated in the direction of excavation and collecting the boring core of the ground to be excavated,
For the collected boring core, a strength test is performed after a predetermined time has passed since the collection,
A ground strength determination method in which the ground strength obtained from the result of the strength test is regarded as the ground strength after the predetermined time has elapsed after excavation of the planned excavation ground.
掘削予定地盤を掘削方向に向ってボーリングして前記掘削予定地盤のボーリングコアを採取し、
採取した前記ボーリングコアに対して、非破壊による強度試験を互いに所定の時間間隔をおいて複数回実施し、
前記複数回の前記強度試験の結果から得られる前記ボーリングコアの経時的変化の情報に基づいて前記掘削予定地盤の掘削後の地盤強度の経時的変化を推定する、地盤強度の判定方法。
Boring the ground to be excavated in the direction of excavation and collecting the boring core of the ground to be excavated,
For the collected boring core, non-destructive strength tests are performed several times at predetermined time intervals,
A ground strength determination method for estimating a temporal change in ground strength after excavation of the planned excavation ground based on information on a temporal change of the boring core obtained from the results of the strength tests performed a plurality of times.
前記強度試験は、針貫入試験である、請求項1又は2記載の地盤強度の判定方法。   The ground strength determination method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the strength test is a needle penetration test. 前記ボーリングコアの採取に際し、前記ボーリングコアの各部位の削孔口からの距離を記録する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の地盤強度の判定方法。   The ground strength determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a distance from a hole in each part of the boring core is recorded when the boring core is collected. 掘削予定地盤に対するトンネルの掘削方法であって、
前記掘削予定地盤に請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の地盤強度の判定方法を適用し、
前記ボーリングコアを採取した前記掘削予定地盤中の所定の地点に設置すべき支保工のパターンを選択する際に、前記判定方法による地盤強度に基づいて、事前に設定された複数種の支保工のパターンから設置すべき支保工を選択し、
選択した前記支保工を前記所定の地点に設置する、トンネルの掘削方法。
A tunnel excavation method for a planned excavation ground,
Applying the ground strength determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to the planned excavation ground,
When selecting a support pattern to be installed at a predetermined point in the planned excavation ground from which the boring core is collected, based on the ground strength by the determination method, a plurality of types of support works set in advance are selected. Select the support work to be installed from the pattern,
A tunnel excavation method in which the selected support work is installed at the predetermined point.
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