JP2016539179A - 4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリル及びその医薬上の使用 - Google Patents
4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリル及びその医薬上の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016539179A JP2016539179A JP2016546873A JP2016546873A JP2016539179A JP 2016539179 A JP2016539179 A JP 2016539179A JP 2016546873 A JP2016546873 A JP 2016546873A JP 2016546873 A JP2016546873 A JP 2016546873A JP 2016539179 A JP2016539179 A JP 2016539179A
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- Prior art keywords
- pain
- inflammation
- butenenitrile
- compound
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリル及びそれを含む医薬組成物に関する。本発明はまた、炎症又は炎症関連障害及び疼痛を治療するための化合物の使用方法に関する。
炎症は微生物又は組織損傷が様々な細胞型からのサイトカイン及びケモカインの放出を誘導するプロセスであり、増加した血管透過性、内皮受容体のアップレギュレーション、及び、従って、様々な細胞の先天性及び適応性免疫系の出口の増加を生じ、周囲組織に入り、炎症の伝統的な状況、すなわち発赤、腫大、熱及び痛みなどを大いに生じる。
本発明は、4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリル又はその医薬上許容される塩、1種の異性体もしくは複数種の異性体に関する。本発明はまた、医薬上許容される担体及び4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリル又はその医薬上許容される塩、又はその溶媒和物を含む医薬組成物に関する。化合物は、好ましくは、少なくとも90%純度(w/w)である。
本明細書で使用される「約」は規定された値の±10%を言う。
本発明者は、4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリルを分離しそして確認した。該化合物又はその医薬上許容される塩、又は溶媒和物は炎症、炎症関連障害及び疼痛を治療するのに有効である。
本発明は、1種の医薬上許容される担体及び4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリルの活性化合物又はその医薬上許容される塩又はその溶媒和物を含む医薬組成物を提供する。医薬組成物は、シス又はトランスの1つ、又は、等モル量で、又は、異なる量で両方の異性体を含むことができる。医薬組成物中の、「活性化合物」又はその医薬上許容される塩又は溶媒和物は、一般に、局所用製剤では、約0.01〜20%又は0.05〜20%又は0.1〜20%又は0.2〜15%又は0.5〜10%又は1〜5%(w/w)の量であり、注入用製剤では約0.1〜5%であり、パッチ製剤では0.1〜5%であり、錠剤製剤では約1〜90%であり、そしてカプセル製剤では1〜100%である。
炎症は、免疫系の先天性及び後天性成分の活性化及び活性の継続に起因するプロセス及び組織病理学的状態である。細胞間相互作用におけるアラキドン酸カスケード及びサイトカイン産生及び作用は炎症を引き起こす免疫活性化及び応答の重要な要素である。アラキドン酸は膜リン脂質の構成成分である。アラキドン酸がリン脂質から解放された後に、アラキドン酸は既知の炎症誘発性実体であるプロスタグランジン及びロイコトリエンを含む多くの既知のエイコサノイドの前駆体として作用する。
(A)t−アミルアルコール(120mL)及び石油エーテル(370mL)中のシアン化アリル(0.59モル)の溶液を、順次、t−アミルアルコール(60mL)中の臭素(0.59モル)の溶液により処理し、次いで、ナトリウムエトキシドのエタノール性溶液(345mL,0.60モル)により処理した。反応混合物を室温に冷却したときに、固形分を真空ろ過により除去し、そしてろ液を減圧下に濃縮した。残留液体をシリカゲルカラム(307.10g)上に装填し、そしてヘキサン−酢酸エチル(19:1;9:1)で溶出した。適切な画分を組み合わせ、次いで、減圧下に濃縮し、4−ブロモ−2−ブテンニトリルを淡黄色液体として提供した(47.14g)。
表2は4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリルを含む1つのゲル製剤を例示する。
例1から調製された4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリルを本実験において使用した。
試験化合物、インドメタシン(陽性コントロール)及びビヒクルに関して、マウスの局所アラキドン酸誘発耳腫大モデルにおける抗炎症活性を評価した。
22±2gの体重の雄ICRマウスを用いて、ランダムに分けた;試験化合物及びビヒクルコントロールは10匹のマウスを有し、インドメタシンは5匹のマウスを有した。アラキドン酸(20μlのアセトン:エタノール1:1中で0.5mg)を各マウスの右耳の前方表面及び後方表面に局所的に施用した。試験物質及びビヒクルは、表2に示すとおり、アラキドン酸施用の30分前及び15分後に同様に施用した。右耳及び左耳の厚さを測定し、差異を右耳の炎症の指標として計算した。耳腫大は炎症の指標としてアラキドン酸施用の60分及び90分後にDyerモデルマイクロメータゲージにより測定した。%阻害は式:Ic−It/Icx100(式中、Ic及びItはそれぞれコントロール及び処置済みマウスの耳の厚さの増加(mm)を指す)により計算した。ANOVA及びDurnnett試験を用いて、ビヒクルコントロール及び処置済み群の有意な差異を確認した。有意さはp<0.05レベルと設定している。アラキドン酸施用の90分後での結果を表2に示す。
活性化合物4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリルをビヒクル(DMSO)中で5〜15mg/mLで懸濁させる。試験化合物、デキサメタゾン(陽性コントロール)及びビヒクルを経口的にマウスに投与し、そしてマウスの局所アラキドン酸誘発耳腫大モデルにおける抗炎症活性を評価する。
ホルマリン試験はホルマリン誘発組織損傷から生じる連続疼痛のモデルである。侵害受容型疼痛及び炎症型疼痛は希釈ホルマリン溶液の足への注入により誘発され、足縮みを含む侵害防御挙動をもたらす。ホルマリンモデルは疼痛の炎症、神経原生及び中心機構を包含する。疼痛の初期段階(0〜約10分)は侵害受容型機構によるものであり、疼痛の後期段階(10〜40分)は炎症型疼痛及び侵害受容型機構の組み合わせによるものである。疼痛挙動は前足なめ測定を用いて評価される。研究の最終点は足なめ事象の数である(Hunskaarら, Pain, 30: 103-114, 1987; Li ら, Molecular Pain, 6: 11, 2010)。
この研究で群当たり10匹のマウスを使用する。試験直前(時刻0)に、マウスをクロス内に拘束し、そして左後足の背表面中に皮下に20μLの5%ホルマリン溶液を注入する。ビヒクルコントロール(DMSO)及び試験化合物4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリル(DMSO中)をマウスに5mL/kgの体積で経管法で経口的に投与する。試験化合物の量は100又は500mg/kg/投与である。
動物及び処置手順は以下のことを除いて実施例5に記載の手順と同様である。
試験化合物4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリル(ビヒクル中375mM、n=10)及びビヒクルコントロール(アセトン:エタノール1:1、n=10)は、それぞれの溶液にマウス左後足を約30秒間沈めることにより局所的に投与する。その後、足を取り出し、ティシューで拭き、過剰の皮膚乾燥を回避する。
1分当たりの舐め事象の数を、ビヒクル、陽性コントロール及び試験化合物に関して、0〜10分及び10〜40分の間で計算する。2つのサンプルのt−検定を、ビヒクル群を試験化合物群と比較するために行う。有意さはp<0.05レベルに設定する。
末梢神経病変は、自発痛に加えて、軽い接触に対する誇張された応答(接触性アロディニア)を含む病的現象を生じさせることがある。慢性狭窄損傷モデルは神経因性疼痛モデルである。
雄のスプラーグドーリーラットを使用する。ペントバルビタール(50mg/kg、5ml/kg、腹腔内)麻酔下で、坐骨神経を大腿中央レベルで露出させる。約1mm離れた4本の結紮糸(4−0クロムガット)をゆるく神経の周り結ぶ。その後、動物を試験前に7日間、柔らかい寝具とともにケージに個別に入れる。坐骨神経の狭窄は神経損傷及び一側性神経因性疼痛を生じさせる。
目的:標準NSAID療法の一時的な中断の後の骨関節炎に関連した中程度から重症の膝痛を有するヒト患者における局所ゲル製剤中の活性化合物の効率を調査すること。この研究は痛い関節炎により生じる病的現象に焦点を当てる。臨床試験は他の筋骨傷害のよく確立したパラダイムとして、膝の骨関節炎を用いている。
安全性
・研究全体を通して有害事象(AE)
・参加時の身体検査(−7日、休薬なしにNSAIDの開始)、ベースライン(第1日、処置の開始)、第12週及び第16週
・参加時のバイタルサイン(−7日、休薬なしにNSAIDの開始)、ベースライン(第1日、処置の開始)及び第2、4、6、12週及び第16週
・ベースライン(第1日)、第4、8、12及び16での臨床実験測定。
一次臨床活性パラメータは視覚的アナログ尺度(VAS)及びWestern Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) インデックス疼痛サブスケールにより定量化されるとおりの標的関節における疼痛の測定である。膝の腫大、柔らかさ及び炎症に対する効果を記録し、また、処置後の疼痛の低減又は根絶までの時間を記録する。
一次臨床活性終了点は、
・WOMAC 機能障害インデックス疼痛サブスケールにおけるベースライン(第1日)から第12週までの変化(スケール0〜20)である。
二次臨床活性終了点は、
・WOMAC 機能障害インデックス疼痛サブスケールにおけるベースライン(第1日)から第12週までの変化
・こわばり(スケール0〜8)
・身体機能(スケール0〜68)
・VAS疼痛スコアにおけるベースライン(第1日)から第12週までの変化(スケール0〜100)
・VAS疼痛スコアにおけるベースライン(第1日)から第2週までの変化(スケール0〜100)
・第1日に最初の施用を行った後のベースライン(第1日)と第4週及び第12週との腫大、柔らかさ及び炎症の調査者の評価の変化
・活性ゲル又はプラセボゲルの各々の局所施用の後の疼痛の低減又は根絶までの時間
・救急薬(APAP)の使用である。
本実験の設計及びプロトコールは実施例9に記載のものと類似であるが、活性化合物及びプラセボは経口経路で施用される。
経口製剤:10、100又は1000mgの活性化合物4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリルをを含む錠剤製剤を本例で使用する。プラセボは活性化合物を含まない同一の錠剤製剤である。
患者を1:1:1:1(10mg:100mg:1000 mg:プラセボ)で無作為抽出する。合計で200人までの患者を参加させる。
活性錠剤又はプラセボを1日2回12週間、起きている間に12時間毎に与える合計で168回の処置剤を各患者に経口的に投与する。患者は12週間処置され、さらに4週間フォローアップされる。
評価の基準は実施例9に記載のものと同一である。
Claims (16)
- 4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリルの化合物又はその医薬上許容される塩。
- 医薬上許容される担体、及び、請求項1記載の化合物又はその医薬上許容される塩を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物は少なくとも90%(w/w)の純度を有し、そして前記組成物はゲル、クリーム、ローション、軟膏、溶液、懸濁液、スプレイ又はパッチの局所形態である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬上許容される担体は、乳酸ラウリル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、カプリル/カプリン酸トリグリセリド、サリチル酸オクチル(octisalate)、シリコーン流体、スクアレン及びヒマワリ油からなる群より選ばれる皮膚軟化剤である、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬上許容される担体は、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルである、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- アクリレート/C10〜30アルキル及びトリス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)アミンをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物は少なくとも90%(w/w)の純度を有し、前記組成物は錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤又はシロップ剤の経口形態である、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 炎症又は疼痛に罹患している対象を同定すること、及び、
前記対象に請求項1に記載の化合物又はその医薬上許容される塩を炎症又は疼痛を治療するのに有効な量で投与すること、
を含む、炎症又は疼痛の治療方法。 - 急性もしくは慢性の腫大、疼痛又は発赤を特徴とする炎症の局所症状の徴候を低減又は緩和する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物は局所投与(local administration)又は全身投与により投与される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物は局所投与(topical administration)又は経口投与により投与される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記炎症及び/又は疼痛は、筋骨格捻挫、筋骨格挫傷、腱障害、末梢神経根症、骨関節炎、関節変性疾患、若年性関節炎、痛風、強直性脊椎炎、乾癬性関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、肋軟骨炎、腱炎、滑液包炎、顎関節症候群及び線維筋痛症からなる群より選ばれる骨格又は筋肉疾患又は病態に関連している、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記炎症及び/又は疼痛は、関節、靭帯、腱、骨、筋肉、又は筋膜に関連している、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記炎症及び/又は疼痛は、皮膚炎又は乾癬の炎症性皮膚疾患又は障害に関連している、請求項8に記載の方法。
- ナトリウムメタンスルフィネートを4−ブロモ−2−ブテンニトリルと反応させることを含む、4−メチルスルホニル−2−ブテンニトリルの調製方法。
- 臭素Br2をシアン化アリルと反応させ、及び
塩基性溶液を添加すること
によって、4−ブロモ−2−ブテンニトリルを調製することをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
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