JP2016530152A - Composite material structure for rail car chassis - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a structure manufactured from a composite material for a vehicle chassis, and the structure is configured to receive a lower carriage at each of its ends. The structure comprises at least one central beam (31), the central beam (31) having a central portion (311) and an intermediate housing (314) having two ends (312, 313) having a reinforced structure. ) And the central part is provided with a strengthening part that increases the strength of the beam (11) against bending stress applied by the transport load. The intermediate casing (314) is reinforced by two side casings (315, 316) that extend over the entire length of the intermediate casing (314) and are assembled to the intermediate casing. The upper side surface of (315, 316) forms the upper side surface of the beam together with the upper side surface of the intermediate casing. The structure also includes a floor (32) covering the upper side of the intermediate casing (314) and the side casings (315, 316). The elements making up the structure are advantageously simple, have a shape that is easy to manufacture from composite materials and easy to assemble. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates generally to the field of vehicle structures. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composite beam design aimed at reducing the weight of a rail transport vehicle (railway car) structure, particularly for rail freight transport, through the use of composite materials.

  As in all transportation sectors, the rail car manufacturing department also forms vehicles to increase loading and / or reduce transportation costs through control of both vehicle manufacturing costs and energy consumption. Trying to reduce the mass of the structure.

  Currently, railway cars are formed exclusively from metal structures, generally steel and sometimes aluminum.

  However, as far as transportation is concerned, it is quite natural to envisage lighter embodiments, especially using composite materials. However, it is also known that it is not possible to replace a metal structure with a composite material structure of the same shape by simply replacing the material. In general, to take advantage of all the technical features and properties unique to composite materials, it is necessary to completely redesign the structure.

  In the context of the use of composite materials, the need to redesign these structures is particularly related to the specific features described below.

  The first specific feature to be considered is the anisotropy of the composite material, which in particular causes the mechanical properties of the composite material to be in all directions due to the presence of the reinforcing fibers that make up the material. Are not the same. Such specific features impose a definition of the material composition suitable for each application.

  Another specific feature to consider is the variety of manufacturing methods used (molding, vacuum infusion molding, RTM (resin transfer molding), draping, etc.), and the assembly techniques used to assemble the composite element are: It is generally unique to these materials. In contrast to the case of using metal, in practice it is hardly feasible to weld thermosetting composites, for example, but it is totally suitable to assemble by fastening such materials with adhesives. This is completely the opposite of what can be achieved with metals.

  A further specific feature is the particularity of the various variants of the composite material available, in particular the fibers used, whether they are mineral fibers (glass fibers, carbon fibers etc.) or organic fibers. These fiber properties result in different properties, behaviors and costs for the corresponding composite. Thus, glass fiber based composites are least expensive, while carbon fiber composites appear to be the most expensive.

  Because of these specific features, the use of composite material structures for the manufacture of vehicles capable of transporting heavy loads has not been developed to date or at all, especially when it relates to the manufacture of rail cars, especially freight cars.

  As used herein, the composite material concerned is a so-called “structural” composite material based on continuous long fibers corresponding to about 50% of the material, the other about 50% generally being eg epoxy (EP), It is pointed out that it is composed of a base material of a thermosetting resin of diallyl phthalate (DAP), polyester or vinyl ester type and rarely a base material of a thermoplastic resin of the polyamide, PEEK or PEI type, for example.

  One object of the present invention is to propose a specific composite material structure that can be used in the manufacture of vehicles such as those mentioned above. In particular, one object of the present invention is to define a railcar platform structure, whose shape properties are optimized to allow production from composite materials.

  In this specification, the ultimate goal is to optimize manufacturing costs for performance that is equal to or better than that of current structures in terms of robustness, and to reduce the mass of railcar structures. This is a significant reduction.

To this end, the present invention resides in a composite structure for a chassis of a vehicle that transports cargo or passengers, wherein the structure is configured to receive a drive or bogie at each end of the structure. The structure includes at least one central beam forming a platform upon which a vehicle load is applied. According to the invention, the beam is
An intermediate housing having a central part and two ends, the ends being able to withstand the stress transmitted to the chassis by the connecting elements of the drive and the shock absorber elements arranged at the end of the vehicle An intermediate housing, wherein the middle portion of the intermediate housing is configured to have a reinforcing portion that increases the resistance of the beam to the bending force applied by the transport load;
-Two side casings that extend over the entire length of the intermediate casing and are assembled to the intermediate casing, the upper side surfaces of the two side casings together with the upper side surface of the intermediate casing; A side housing that forms an upper side and the side housing is configured to enhance the resistance of the beam to longitudinal and lateral bending forces applied to the beam;
-A covering floor is formed that forms an outer skin and is configured to cover the upper side surface and the side housing of the intermediate housing.

  According to the present invention, the various elements making up the beam are made from composite materials reinforced with glass fibers or carbon fibers or a combination of glass fibers and carbon fibers.

  According to various features that can be considered individually or in combination, the structure according to the invention has various complementary features accordingly.

  According to one particular feature, the intermediate housing consists of an upper half housing extending over the entire length of the beam and a lower half housing arranged in the central part, each of the two half housings , Including the bottom and two side walls. The upper half casing and the lower half casing are arranged so that the bottom of the upper half casing forms the upper side of the intermediate casing and the bottom of the lower half casing forms the lower side of the casing with respect to each other To do. Furthermore, the bottom part of the lower half housing extends outward toward the end of the beam.

  According to another particular feature, the composite intermediate divider enhances the rigidity of the intermediate housing and the buckling resistance of the side walls of the upper and lower housings, Install between the upper and lower half casings.

  According to another particular feature, the coated floor consists of a main element (61) in the form of a monolithic composite plate reinforced with glass fibres, in the middle part of the coated floor, in the middle housing (314) A composite reinforcement element (62) sized to cover the upper side is included.

  According to another particular feature, the intermediate reinforcing elements of the main elements of the outer skin arranged on the bottom of the upper half housing, the bottom of the lower half housing and the upper side of the structure are mainly unidirectional fibers Made from a reinforced monolithic composite material, the fibers are preferably carbon fibers.

  According to another particular feature, the structure according to the invention further comprises a composite material lateral reinforcement, the composite material lateral reinforcement being arranged on both sides of the beam, and laterally of the structure by transport loads. Adapt to absorb the force applied to the part. Each reinforcing part fastens one end to the side casing and the other end to the intermediate casing.

  According to another particular feature, the elements forming the beam consist of a composite plane.

  According to another particular feature, the upper half housing comprises a monolithic composite plate and a bottom composed of side walls with a sandwich structure, the sandwich structure comprising two composite thin films reinforced with glass fibers. Consists of an outer skin and a core material, the core material is composed of an element formed from a polymer material foam or honeycomb structure material or balsa wood.

  According to another particular feature, the lower half housing comprises a monolithic composite plate and a bottom composed of side walls with a sandwich structure, the sandwich structure comprising two composite thin films reinforced with glass fibers. Consists of an outer skin and a core material, the core material is composed of an element made from a polymer material foam or honeycomb structure material or balsa wood.

  According to another particular feature, the lateral reinforcement element has a sandwich structure composed of two composite thin shells and a core material reinforced with glass fibers, the core material comprising a polymer material foam or a honeycomb structure material or a balsa. Consists of elements made from seed wood.

  According to another particular feature, the various elements of the structure according to the invention include edges, which allow the assembly of the elements by being glued and / or bolted and / or riveted. The two elements fitted together and having edges are adapted to be placed facing each other during assembly.

  The features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a side schematic view at the level of an intermediate portion of a chassis showing the theoretical structure of the chassis according to the present invention. FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic front sectional view at the level of the middle part of the chassis showing the theoretical structure of the chassis according to the present invention. 1 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a chassis according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the chassis from FIG. 3 in one plane passing through the central region of the structure. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the chassis from FIG. 3 in one plane that penetrates one end of the structure. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a platform placed on a chassis structure according to the present invention in the embodiment of FIG. 3. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the upper half housing | casing which comprises the beam of the chassis by this invention in the same embodiment. In the same embodiment, it is a schematic sectional drawing of the lower half housing | casing which comprises the beam of the chassis by this invention. In the same embodiment, it is a schematic sectional drawing of the side housing | casing which comprises the beam of the chassis by this invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a side reinforced panel that can be integrated into a beam of a chassis structure according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of various steps for assembling a structure according to the present invention.

  The purpose of schematics 1 and 2 is to show a theoretical chassis structure according to the present invention. According to this principle, the chassis according to the present invention is located below the upper platform 11, which mainly aims at supporting the transport load 13 and has reinforcements 111 and 112 at its ends and the central part of the platform 11. In particular, it includes a lower housing 12 or reinforcement intended to provide improved rigidity to the central portion of the assembly, particularly with respect to longitudinal and lateral bending.

  As far as these are concerned, the end reinforcement absorbs the force applied to the structure at the level of the shafts 113 and 114 around which the chassis is connected to the vehicle's drive (bogie). Has the main function of absorbing the force received at the level of the coupler, shock absorber or shock absorber at the end.

  According to the invention, the various structural elements of the chassis are made of composite material. Furthermore, the structure of each element is composed of a single composite web of monolithic structure, where the part that must be subjected to in-plane stress, preferably comprising reinforcements by fibers in the longitudinal direction, For example, the part of the element that has to be subjected to torsional stress is defined as having a sandwich structure formed from two composite skins separated by a plug-in element, i.e. a core material, the core material preferably being as light as possible For example, PS, PVC, PU, PET type polymer material foam, or honeycomb structure material or low density wood, for example balsa.

  Depending on the stresses that the structural elements concerned must withstand, the fibers that make up the reinforcements of the composite material used are either glass fibers or carbon fibers, unidirectional (UD) fibers or woven fibers laminated as required (Matte). The construction of each panel, i.e. the choice of layers, the orientation of the panel material, the lamination of the panels, is carried out using simulated instruments well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art are further required in terms of mass production and cost We recognize that this is the optimization of the part to be designed.

  The following description features one embodiment of a railcar chassis configured on this exemplary structure. The purpose of this example is to clearly illustrate certain technical features of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the framework of this example.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, in this embodiment, the railcar chassis according to the present invention is mainly composed of a beam 31 that combines the functions of the upper platform 11 and the lower housing 12 of the above-described theoretical structure. The beam 31 is covered by the covering portion 32.

  The covering 32 or skin is a relatively thin flat composite element whose dimensions are defined so that the covering covers the entire surface of the (chassis) structure. In a preferred embodiment, the skin 32 is composed of a glass fiber reinforced composite surface first element 321, and the composite surface first element 321 is on its lower side, again a glass fiber reinforced composite surface. It has an intermediate portion with a second element 322. However, in certain embodiments, the second element 322 also has carbon fiber, and, where appropriate, UD fiber, especially to have greater mechanical strength and higher strength to weight ratio (particularly in traction / compression and bending). Can be made equally well from composite materials reinforced with

  As far as these are concerned, the beam 31 forming the platform has a central portion 311 and two regions 312 and 313 at the end, and in this example, the two regions 312 and 313 have a vehicle drive unit, in other words a railway vehicle. Connect bogies. From a structural point of view, the central portion 311 and the two ends 312 and 313 of the beam 31 are one type of the same composite integrating the reinforcing elements 35 and 36 at their ends, as shown in FIGS. Consists of material elements. These reinforcing elements, which take the form of composite webs or beams, are intended in particular to enhance the transmission of forces applied to the areas connected to and connected to the bogies and the shock absorber.

  In the present embodiment, the beam 31 according to the present invention includes an intermediate casing 314 and two side casings 315 and 316, and the side casings 315 and 316 are opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate casing 314. It is located at the end and assembled to the intermediate housing 314.

  According to alternative embodiments considered herein, the intermediate housing 314 can be made in one piece. Nonetheless, particularly for ease of manufacture, the intermediate housing 314 preferably has two parts: an upper half housing 317 extending over the entire length of the rail car, and a central region 311 of the beam 31. The upper half casing 317 is manufactured using a lower half casing 318 that reinforces the upper half casing 317. The upper half housing forms both the central portion 311 of the beam 31 and the reinforced ends 312 and 313.

  The lower half housing 318 located only in the central part of the railway car has a lower side wall 319, whose function is to reinforce the bending inertia of the assembly.

  For this purpose, as FIG. 3 shows, this wall 319 extends beyond the boundary of the lower half housing 318 to the regions 312 and 313 at the end of the upper half housing 317, It closes, thereby making it particularly involved in the absorption of forces applied by bogie pivoting.

  The height of each half housing, in particular the height of the lower half housing 318, is defined according to the manufacturing choices adapted to the mechanical stress that the structure must withstand, in particular the weight of the load.

  As far as these are concerned, the side housings 315 and 316 are continuous elements throughout the length of the car and are located on each side of the upper half housing 317. The side housings 315 and 316 together with the upper half housing 317 constitute the upper side surface of the beam 31 on which the outer skin 32 is placed. The side housings 315 and 316 further contribute to the vertical and horizontal bending resistance of the chassis formed in this way, and participate in force absorption together with the shock absorber.

  In one particular embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the central portion of the beam 31 is further strengthened laterally by diagonally disposed composite side elements 33 and 34, resulting in a variant embodiment considered herein. According to this, the composite side elements 33 and 34 can be covered with this central part continuously over their entire length to form two lateral reinforcing walls, or inclined apart from each other along the central part of the beam 31. It constitutes a local reinforcement forming a reinforcement bar. These reinforcing elements 33 and 34 serve to absorb lateral bending forces and thus limit any twisting of the structure.

  Depending on the respective height of the upper and lower half housings, in one particular embodiment, the addition of an intermediate plate to stabilize the intermediate housing 314 made from these two half housings 317 and 318 may be added. It should be noted that the function of this intermediate plate or partition is to prevent buckling of the side partitions of the upper half housing and the lower half housing.

  6 to 10 illustrate the morphological and structural characteristics of the various elements described above.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the panel constituting the outer skin 32 disposed on the upper side surface of the structure has the entire surface formed by the upper side surfaces of the intermediate casing 314 and the side casings 315 and 316 for reasons of size. And an intermediate reinforcing element 62 which is also flat and faces the upper surface of the intermediate housing 314.

  According to the embodiments envisaged herein, the main element 61 can be made from a composite material reinforced with glass fibers such as, for example, the reinforcing element 62. However, in certain embodiments, the second element 62 is also made of carbon fibers, and, where appropriate, UD fibers, so as to have greater mechanical strength and higher strength to weight ratio (particularly in traction / compression and bending). Can be made equally well from reinforced composite materials.

  7 and 8 illustrate in detail the form and structure of the upper half casing 317 and the lower half casing 318 that constitute the intermediate casing 314.

  The upper half housing 317 is mainly formed from a bottom portion 71 composed of a composite material-integrated wall and two side walls 71 and 73, which extend over the entire length of the intermediate housing. . According to the embodiment envisaged herein, the monolithic bottom 71 is composed of two composite skins (76, 77) reinforced with glass fibers, which are mainly composed of UD layers of glass fibers. Or a composite material reinforced with carbon fibers, especially for reasons of mechanical strength and higher strength to weight ratio. As far as these are concerned, the two side walls 72 and 73 have a sandwich structure formed from plug-in elements 78, ie two composite skins 76, 77 separated by a core material, the core material being a filling material, for example PS, PVC. , PU, PET type polymer material foam, or honeycomb structure material or balsa wood for example. These sandwich structures allow the side walls to have better stability with respect to buckling.

  3, 4, and 5, the entire shape of the upper half housing 317 is a parallelepiped shape having an opening surface on the opposite side of the surface forming the bottom portion 71.

  According to a preferred embodiment, as far as these are concerned, the side walls 72 and 73 each have a rim 74 or 75, the rim 74 or 75 facing the outside of the half housing over the entire length of the half housing. Extending laterally, this edge is used to perform a complete assembly of the chassis.

  Like the upper half casing, the lower half casing 318 is mainly composed of a bottom 81 and two side walls 82 and 83 that form a boundary with the central portion of the intermediate casing 314. Like the walls 72 and 73 of the upper half housing, the two side walls 82 and 83 here have a sandwich structure.

  As mentioned above, the bottom 81, which extends over the entire length of the structure and has the function of enhancing the bending inertia of the entire (chassis) structure, also has an integral structure, According to the envisaged embodiment, it is composed of two composite skins reinforced with glass fibers, this reinforced part mainly consisting of a UD layer of glass fibers, or in particular mechanical strength and higher strength to weight ratio. For this reason, it is composed of a composite material reinforced with carbon fibers.

  From a form point of view, the lower half housing 318 has a prismatic shape with a trapezoidal base representing the side walls 82 and 83 of the half housing. As far as these are concerned, the front and rear surfaces of the half housing are such that the edges 74 and 75 of the lower half housing 318 are in progressive contact with the upper half housing 317 as shown, for example, in FIG. It is comprised from the bottom part 81 extended diagonally toward the front and back beyond.

  According to one preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, as far as these are concerned, the lateral walls 72 and 73 respectively extend laterally towards the outside of the concerned half housing over the entire length of the half housing. Which has an edge 84 or 85 which is used to perform a complete assembly of the chassis. Similarly, the side walls 82 and 83 each have an edge 84 or 85 that extends laterally toward the exterior of the half housing over the entire length of the half housing.

  As far as this is concerned, the bottom 81 has flat edges 86 and 87 used on the part of the bottom 81 extending from the lower half housing, which are used to carry out the complete assembly of the chassis. The edges 86 and 87 are constructed and arranged such that they are positioned facing the side walls edges 74 and 75 of the upper half housing 317 at the level of the end of the structure. Similarly, the edges 84 and 85, as far as they are concerned, are constructed and arranged so that they are positioned facing the side walls edges 74 and 75 of the upper half housing 317 at the level of the central part of the structure. To do. The presence of such edges advantageously facilitates assembly of the lower half housing 318 and the upper half housing 317 that form a single intermediate housing 314. This assembly can be achieved, for example, by fastening the edges with glue or rivets or bolts, or by fastening these edges with glue and rivets.

  From the viewpoint of form, the side casings 315 and 316 have the same shape. As shown in FIG. 9, each housing is inclined to form a vertical inner side wall 91 intended to contact one of the side walls of the upper half housing 317 and an outer upper edge of the chassis. An outer side wall 92 is included. The slanted orientation of the outer side walls advantageously makes it possible to provide a bearing engagement without adjustment for assembling the side elements 33 and 34. The side walls of the side casings are joined to each other by a flat bottom 93 that is parallel to the plane of the bottom 71 of the upper half casing.

  From the viewpoint of structure, the side wall is composed of two composite material shells reinforced with glass fiber and separated by a core material, like the side walls of the upper half housing 317 and the lower half housing 318, and this core material. Is made from a filler material, i.e. a polymeric material foam or a honeycomb structure material or e.g. balsa wood.

  According to one particular embodiment, the filling material can be further integrated into the housings 315 and 316, the material being composed of a polymer material foam or a honeycomb structure material or eg balsa wood. This material allows the inner casings 91-92-93 of the side housings 315-316 to be joined to each other and to the outer skin placed on the upper side of the platform 32.

  Also from a structural point of view, the composite side reinforcement elements 33 and 34 for the purpose of enhancing the torsional and bending resistance (longitudinal and lateral) of the chassis structure according to the present invention comprise an upper half housing 317. And, like the side wall of the lower half housing 318, is composed of two composite skins reinforced with glass fibers and separated by a core material, which is made of polymer material foam or honeycomb structure material or balsa wood, for example Made from. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the body 101 of the reinforcement is extended by edges 102 and 103 disposed relative to the body 101, and the associated reinforcement elements and the corresponding lateral sides 315 or 316 external lateral sides. The assembly of the wall and the side wall of the lower half housing 318 is facilitated. This assembly can be achieved, for example, by fastening the edges with glue or rivets or bolts, or by fastening these edges with glue and rivets.

  As can be seen from FIG. 6 to FIG. 10, the chassis structure according to the present invention described in the above sentence has both a simple form that is easy to assemble (surface and bearing engagement on a plane) and an internal structure that is easy to manufacture. It has important advantages that consist of the elements it has. These features advantageously allow facilitating the assembly of such structures, even though the structures are often large in size.

  The composite material elements forming the structure according to the invention are simply shaped elements having a flat surface, and the structure according to the invention can advantageously be constructed simply and at a relatively low cost. The various composite elements can be manufactured using simple methods, such as mainly by draping of pre-impregnated fibers and / or dry fibers in combination with vacuum polymerization or RTM, or for example wind turbines By infusion molding taking into account large-scale manufacturing elements used in the manufacture of blades.

  Furthermore, in view of the composite structural concept of the present invention, the assembly of the various composite elements constituting the chassis according to the present invention is advantageously performed along the planes and the straight bearing surfaces provided for this purpose. The implementation is simple in this respect, and the assembly can be achieved using relatively simple equipment, for example by gluing the various elements together with glue or rivets or bolts or with glue and rivets. is there.

FIG. 11 schematically shows a method of assembling a chassis structure according to the present invention from the components described above,
A first step (step 1) in assembling the upper half housing 317 and the lower half housing 318 to form the intermediate housing 314;
The second step in assembling the side housings 315 and 316 to the intermediate housing 314 to form the beam 31 forming the platform of the structure, the assembly being at the level of the upper half housing 317 A second step (step 2), which is carried out in a case where, where appropriate, the housing 315-316 is filled with a polymeric material foam or a honeycomb-structured material or a filling material made of eg balsa wood;
A third step (step 3) in fixing the outer skin 32 to the upper side of the beam 31 so as to cover the upper side of the upper half casing 317 and the side casings 315 and 316;
A fourth step (step 4) in fixing the lateral reinforcing elements 33 and 34 to the beam 31 if appropriate
including.

  It should be noted that steps 3 and 4 can be interchanged if the actual chassis to be fabricated includes side reinforcement elements. Further, according to the embodiments envisaged herein, steps 1 to 4 can be performed in a different order, eg 2, 3, 1, 4 or 3, 2, 1, 4.

  Also, during the second step, the upper half housing 317 and the lower half housing 318 can be assembled with an intermediate plate inserted between the two half housings, and as described above, the edges 74-75 and Note that when joining 84-85, the function of this plate enhances the stiffness of the assembled beam.

  According to the invention, the composite beam 31 produced in this way integrates the metal elements at the level of the reinforcement at the end, and the function of this metal element provides in particular a boundary surface with the bogie, the end It is to give a boundary surface with the shock absorber at the part. The metal element can be secured by means of suitable fastening means (bolts and / or rivets), for example using suitable assembly techniques of metal parts and composite parts as described in the Applicant's French Patent No. 2948154. Secure to the composite structure according to the invention.

  Thereafter, the complete manufacture of the chassis according to the invention also includes the work of installing and fixing the boundary element on or to the beam 31 at the level of the ends of the housings 315, 316 and 317, this work being used to manufacture Depending on the method, it can be performed on the housing before or during assembly, for example after step 2.

  As is clear from the above description, the present invention can be used on all types of railway vehicles intended for the transportation of freight (carriage) or passengers. The present invention can equally well be used in the manufacture of chassis for road freight vehicles, particularly heavy load vehicle trailers.

Claims (11)

A composite material structure for a chassis of a vehicle for transporting cargo or passengers, wherein the structure is configured to receive a drive at each end of the structure, wherein the structure is a load of the vehicle Comprising at least one central beam (31) forming a platform over which said beam comprises:
An intermediate housing (314) having a central portion (311) and two ends (312, 313), the ends being connected to the connecting elements of the drive and to the end of the vehicle A reinforcing part (35, 36) for withstanding the stress transmitted to the chassis by an absorber element, the central part of the intermediate housing (314) being the beam against bending forces applied by the transport load An intermediate housing (314) configured to have a reinforced portion that increases the resistance of (11);
-Two side casings (315, 316) extending over the entire length of the intermediate casing (314) and assembled to the intermediate casing, the two side casings (315, 316) The upper side surface forms the upper side surface of the beam together with the upper side surface of the intermediate casing, and the side casing enhances the resistance of the beam to the vertical and horizontal bending forces applied to the beam. A side housing configured to:
A covered floor (32) configured to form an outer skin and cover the upper side surfaces of the intermediate casing (314) and the side casings (315, 316);
And the various elements constituting the beam (31) are made from a composite material reinforced with glass fibers or carbon fibers or a combination of glass fibers and carbon fibers.   The intermediate housing (314) includes an upper half housing (317) extending over the entire length of the beam and a lower half housing (318) disposed in the central portion (311), Each of the two half housings includes a bottom and two side walls, and the upper half housing (317) and the lower half housing (318) are relative to each other of the upper half housing (317). The bottom part (71) is arranged so as to form the upper side surface of the intermediate casing (314) and the bottom part (81) of the lower half casing forms the lower side face of the casing, and the lower half casing ( 3. The structure of claim 1, wherein the bottom of 319) extends outward toward the end (312,313) of the beam.   The composite intermediate partition includes the rigidity of the intermediate casing (314) and the side walls (72, 73) of the upper half casing (317) and the side walls (82, 82) of the lower half casing (318). 83. Structure according to claim 2, characterized in that it is installed between the upper half housing (317) and the lower half housing (318) so as to enhance the buckling resistance of 83). .   The covering floor is composed of a main element (61) in the form of a monolithic composite material plate reinforced with glass fiber, and covers the upper side surface of the intermediate housing (314) in an intermediate portion of the covering floor. 4. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a composite reinforced element (62) of any size.   The main part of the bottom (71) of the upper half casing (317), the bottom (81) of the lower half casing (318), and the outer skin (32) disposed on the upper side surface of the structure. The intermediate reinforcing element (62) of the element (61) is made of a monolithic composite material reinforced mainly with unidirectional fibers, the fibers preferably being carbon fibers. The structure according to any one of the above.   The composite body side reinforcement part (33, 34) arranged on both sides of the beam (31) and configured to absorb the force applied to the side part of the structure body by the transport load. Each of the strengthening portions further includes: one end of the strengthening portion is fastened to a side housing, and the other end of the end is fastened to the intermediate housing. To 5. The structure according to any one of 5 to 5.   7. A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the elements forming the beam (11) consist of a composite material plane.   The upper half housing (317) includes a monolithic composite material plate and a planar bottom (71) composed of two side walls (72, 73) having a sandwich structure, the sandwich structure being made of glass fiber. It consists of two reinforced composite thin skins (76, 77) and a core material, said core material consisting of an element (78) formed from a polymer material foam or honeycomb structure material or balsa wood. The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7.   The lower half housing (318) includes a monolithic composite material plate and a bottom (81) composed of side walls (82, 83) having a sandwich structure, the sandwich structure being reinforced with glass fibers 2 9. A composite material comprising a thin skin and a core material, wherein the core material is composed of a polymer material foam or a honeycomb structure material or an element made from balsa wood. The structure according to one item.   The lateral reinforcement element has a sandwich structure composed of two composite thin shells and a core material reinforced with glass fibers, and the core material is an element made of polymer material foam or honeycomb structure material or balsa wood The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising:   The various elements of the structure have edges adapted to allow assembly of the two elements (317, 318) that are assembled together with an adhesive and / or bolts and / or rivets. 11. Out of 1 to 10, characterized in that the two elements (317, 318) comprising and having edges (74, 75, 84, 85) are adapted to be placed facing each other during assembly The structure according to any one of the above.

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