JP2016523514A - 心臓内膜由来の成体幹細胞及びこれの製造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
実施例1−1.末梢血液を用いたCiMS培養方法
ヒト血液からFicoll−Paqueを用いて抹消血液単核細胞(PBMC)を分離した後、EGM−2MV培地(Lonza;Basel、Switzerland)に懸濁して10ug/ml fibronectionがコーティングされた6wellプレートにwell当たりPBMCが4×106個/mlになるようにシーディング(seeding)した後、5%CO2インキュベーターで培養した。翌日、プレートを複数回強く振って、浮いている細胞を強いsuctionを介して除去した後、新しい培地に交換して培養することを7日間反復して7日後には2日に一回培地を交換した。その結果、図1aおよび1bに示すように、5日から8日の間にCiMS細胞の出現を確認することができて、CiMS細胞の出現の後、2週内にコロニーを形成しながら増殖した。このコロニーを0.05%トリプシン/EDTAを用いてsub−cultureして10%DMSOが含まれているFBS stock培地に懸濁してイソプロパノールフリージングコンテナ(isopropanol freezing container)に入れて−70℃で24時間置いた後−190℃で保管した。
実施例1−1で得られたCiMS細胞の表面マーカーを確認するためにフローサイトメトリー分析を実施した。その結果、図1cに示すように、CiMSはSH2、SH3、CD13、CD29、CD44、HLA−ABCの間葉系幹細胞のマーカーとCD31の内皮細胞の表面マーカーを発現していて、骨髄由来血液細胞のマーカーであるCD14、CD34、CD45、HLA−DRは発現していなかった。
末梢血液単核細胞でpan T MACS(Magnetic−activated cell sorting)分離キットを用いてTリンパ球を除去した群とTリンパ球が含まれている群に分けた後、反復的な培地の交換なしに浮遊細胞が存在する状態でCiMS培養を行った。その次、CiMSコロニーをクリスタルバイオレットで染色して、Tリンパ球の添加可否によるCiMSの出現を確認した。その結果、図2aに示すように、Tリンパ球が存在する培養群でCiMSの出現が阻害される現象を観察したし、これは反復的に培地を交換することによって、CiMSの出現を抑制しているTリンパ球が除去されたことを示すものである。
CiMSの起源を明らかにするために、骨髄移植を受けた患者、肝移植を受けた患者、腎臓移植を受けた患者の末梢血液単核細胞から実施例1−1の方法でCiMSを獲得した後、遺伝子型が受容者と同一であるか、供与者と同一であるかをSTR検査とHLA typingで確認した。その結果、図3aに示すように、CiMSは受容者と同一な遺伝子型を有することを確認したので、CiMSは骨髄、肝、腎臓に起源するものではないことが分かった。
心臓内でCiMSの地理的な位置を明らかにするためにCiMS特異的なマーカーを発掘する必要がある。このためにCiMSを免疫染色した結果、図4aに示すように、NFATc1がCiMSの細胞質に存在することを確認することができた。すなわち、複数の遺伝子のスクリーニング(screening)を通じてCiMSが他の内皮細胞や間葉系幹細胞、皮膚繊維芽細胞、血液細胞、胚性幹細胞に比べて心筋内膜細胞に特異的に発現する心筋内膜細胞のマーカーであるNFATc1を強く発現していることを観察することができた。したがって、NFATc1をCiMSの細胞特異的マーカーで定めた。
心臓移植を受けた患者を対象に心臓組織を得た後、CiMS特異的なマーカーを用いて次のような方法で免疫組織染色を行った。心臓組織をパラホルムアルデヒド(PFA、Paraformaldehyde)で固定してパラフィンブロックを作って、 脱パラフィン化(deparaffinization)過程を経た後、DAKO retrieval solutionに浸して、電子レンジでretrieval過程を経てから染色に用いた。NFATc1に対する抗体はシグナルの増幅と特異性のためにSolulink Chromalink Digoxigenin one−shot antibody labeling kitを用いてジゴキシゲニン(digoxigenin)をコンジュゲーションして1:100に用いて、CD31に対する抗体もやはりビオチンがコンジュゲーションされたものを1:100に用いた。免疫染色結果、図5に示すように、心臓外膜や心筋より心臓の内膜にNFATc1とCD31を同時に発現する細胞が存在することを確認することができた(矢印の表示を参考)。したがって、CiMSの心臓内の地理的位置が心臓の内膜であることを知ることができた。
NFATc1がCiMSの細胞質に存在する結果をもとに、NFATc1マーカーを用いて、CiMSを末梢血液単核細胞から直接に分離する方法を開発した。まず、血液から末梢血液単核細胞を分離したあとSLO(Streptolysin O)を処理して細胞膜内にNFATc1抗体が透過することができる条件を作った。その後、CD31とCD3抗体を付けた後にCD3 negative群でNFATc1とCD31に同時に最も強く染色される細胞群をフローサイトメトリー分析を通じたsortingで分離し出して培養した。その結果、図6に示すように、NFATc1−/CD31−/CD3−、NFATc1−/CD31+/CD3−、NFATc1+/CD31+/CD3−培養群の中で、NFATc1+/CD31+/CD3−群でのみ、CiMSコロニーが確認されたので、CiMSを末梢血液単核細胞で直接的に選択培養することができる方法を確立した。
対照群として健康な志願者(healthy volunteer)と心臓移植患者(HTPL patient)からCiMSを培養して、これの出現時期を比較分析した。その結果、図7aに示すように、CiMSは健康な志願者(58人)より免疫抑制剤の投与により、Tリンパ球の機能が顕著に低下されている心臓移植患者(42人)で、平均2日ほど、より速く出現することを分かることができた。
マウス心筋梗塞モデルでCiMSの役割を究明するために、緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)で表示されるCiMSを心筋梗塞(myocardial infaction)を誘導したマウスの心臓に注入した(3×106cells)。その結果、図8aに示すように、14日経過後にCiMSを注入していない対照群は心筋梗塞のサイズが19.52%であり、CiMSを注入した群では心筋梗塞のサイズが8.23%で、CiMSの注入が心筋梗塞を大きく減らす効果があることを観察した。また、左心室の内径分画率(Fractional shortening)、左心室の収縮期(LVESD)、および弛緩期末左心室の内径(LVEDD)の測定を通じた左心室の収縮能も対照群に比べてCiMSを注入した群で増加されることを観察することができた。また、心筋梗塞が誘導されたマウスの心臓組織を分析した結果、図8bに示すように、CiMSは主に内皮細胞(EC)と平滑筋細胞(VSMC)に分化されて血管を成していることを確認することができた。
Claims (8)
- 末梢血液から分離された末梢血液単核細胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell;PBMC)をEGM−2MV(Microvascular Endothelial Cell Growth Media−2)培地に懸濁してシーディング(seeding)した後、5日ないし8日の間、毎日、培地を交換しながらT細胞を除去して培養することにより収得される、心臓内膜由来の成体幹細胞。
- 上記の成体幹細胞は次のような特性を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の心臓内膜由来の成体幹細胞:
(a)NFATc1、MixL1およびCD31に対して陽性の免疫学的特性を示して、WNT5AおよびCD3に対して陰性の免疫学的特性を示すこと;および
(b)付着されて成長して、線形態(spindle−shape)の形態学的特性を示すこと。 - 末梢血液から末梢血液単核細胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell;PBMC)を分離した後、EGM−2MV(Microvascular Endothelial Cell Growth Media−2)培地に懸濁してシーディング(seeding)する段階;および
上記のシーディングの後5日ないし8日の間、毎日、培地を交換しながらT細胞を除去する段階を含む、心臓内膜由来の成体幹細胞の製造方法。 - 上記の成体幹細胞は次のような特性を有することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の心臓内膜由来の成体幹細胞の製造方法:
(a)NFATc1、MixL1およびCD31に対して陽性の免疫学的特性を示して、WNT5AおよびCD3に対して陰性の免疫学的特性を示すこと;および
(b)付着されて成長して、線形態(spindle−shape)の形態学的特性を示すこと。 - 請求項1または2に記載の成体幹細胞を有効成分として含有する、血管疾患の治療用の細胞治療剤。
- 上記の血管疾患は心筋梗塞または下肢虚血であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の細胞治療剤。
- 成体幹細胞を個体に投与する段階を含む、請求項1または2に記載の血管疾患の予防または治療方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の成体幹細胞の血管疾患の予防または治療用途。
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