JP2016520852A - Stereoscopic image forming method and apparatus using planar optical waveguide circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional image of a planar optical waveguide circuit. The image forming method includes the following steps. The coherent light emitted from the coherent light source is converted into a two-dimensional point light source array, and each point light source in the two-dimensional light source array is randomly distributed. At the same time, the stereoscopic image is discretized into a large number of voxels, Divide into multiple groups from high to low based on voxel brightness, calculate the phase adjustment amount of each point light source based on the distance of each point light source for each voxel in each group, and radiate from each point light source So that each point light source accumulates the complex amplitude adjustment amount to be generated to generate each voxel, and the amplitude adjuster and the phase adjuster of each point light source are added. Drive and generate each group of voxels based on constructive interference. The image forming apparatus is composed of a coherent light source (1), a planar optical waveguide circuit (2), a conductive glass front plate (3), and a back drive circuit (4). It can be widely applied in the field of human-machine interaction (HMI) and machine vision. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention belongs to the field of three-dimensional image formation, and specifically relates to a stereoscopic image forming method and apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit.

  Three-dimensional displays can be divided into pseudo three-dimensional displays and intrinsic three-dimensional displays. The former is a stereoscopic display based on the parallax of both eyes, and produces a stereoscopic hallucination by viewing a screen with two different viewing angles with the left and right eyes of the observer. The latter forms a true three-dimensional image directly in the air, and the observer does not need to wear any auxiliary glasses and can view it more comfortably and naturally.

  An intrinsic three-dimensional display can be realized by an incoherent method such as an image integration technique or a body image forming technique, or by a coherent method such as a holography technique. The biggest difference between the incoherent method and the coherent method is that the former does not use the phase information of the light wave using the incoherent light source, whereas the latter uses the phase of the light wave sufficiently using the coherent light source. is there. The light wave phase information includes information on the shape and position of the object. The incoherent method discards the phase information of the light wave, so it can only rely on off-the-line, often complex mechanical scanning or optical devices, and it forms an image in three-dimensional space and follows the geometric optics Because of the limitations of the image forming principle itself, it is possible to achieve an image forming resolution that accepts only within a limited depth of field. The coherent method can use the information of the shape and position of the light wave phase sufficiently, so the structure is often simple, and with the help of wave optical imaging principle, the field of image formation Deep depth and high resolution. For example, a simple holographic plate does not require any optical lens or mechanical scanning device to form a three-dimensional image in the air. However, for large objects, holographic interference fringes are at the submicron level, much smaller than the pixel size of flat displays. Also, the very large capacity of fringe fringe data presents tremendous difficulties in real-time digit collection, processing, storage, transfer and display.

  Invented by a person skilled in the art, << 3D display method and apparatus using random constructive interference >> (Patent Document 1) discloses a new method related to 3D image formation. The core idea is as follows, which is a two-dimensional point light source array structure, and spherical waves from these point light sources merge with each other, and light spots, that is, three-dimensional voxels (abbreviated names) in the air by constructive interference. Is a voxel and corresponds to a pixel of a two-dimensional flat display), thereby forming a discrete stereoscopic image with a large number of voxels. In order to realize dynamic display, it is necessary to make independent real-time adjustments to the amplitude and phase of each point light source of the above two-dimensional point light source array, and to suppress multiple images due to high diffraction, the position of the point light source Exhibits a random distribution. Based on the above image forming principle, if the position and brightness of each voxel are known, the adjustment amount of the amplitude and phase of each point light source can be determined, and these points can be determined by adjusting the amplitude and phase of each point light source. When the spherical wave from the light source reaches a predetermined position in the space, the same phase is set. In this way, by forming voxels at predetermined positions by constructive interference, a discrete stereoscopic image is formed by a large number of voxels. This means that a 3D image can be formed in the air as long as you know deep information outside the fixed amount compared to a 2D flat display, and the increase in information is only about 30%. Is a great convenience for real-time storage, transfer and display of 3D data. The invention patent also discloses an apparatus for producing a two-dimensional point source array with different types of liquid crystal displays. However, it is essential for liquid crystal materials to adjust the amplitude and phase of light waves by mechanical rolling of liquid crystal molecules, and the response time is generally on the order of milliseconds.

Chinese Patent No. 0000810046861.8 Specification

  An object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic image forming method and apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit, which has a high image refresh rate and a light, thin and stable display with respect to the above situation.

式（１）で表示し、
なお、式（１）において、Ｐはボクセルｖを生成するのに参与するすべての点光源の数であり、
ボクセルｖが二次元点光源アレイの後方に位置するなら、点光源ｐがボクセルｖを生成するためにすべき複素振幅調整量は、

で表示するステップと、
Ｈ、ステップＤで選択した一組のボクセルに含まれるすべてのボクセルに対し、ステップＦからＧを繰り返すステップと、
Ｉ、ステップＡで生成した各点光源ｐに対し、複素振幅の重ね合わせ原理に基づき、ステップＤからステップＨで得た点光源ｐがボクセルｖを生成するためにすべき複素振幅調整量Ａ_ｐ−ｖを累加して、点光源ｐが全部でＶ個のボクセルを生成するのに必要な総複素振幅調整量Ａ_ｐを得るステップ、即ち

であるステップと、
Ｊ、ステップＡで生成した各点光源ｐに対し、ステップＩで確定した総振幅調整量Ａ_ｐをステップＢで確定した該点光源の最初の振幅Ａ_ｐ−０で除して、該点光源の最終振幅位相調整量Ａ_ｐ−Ｆ＝Ａ_ｐ／Ａ_ｐ−０を得て、ステップＩで確定した総位相調整量Φ_ｐからステップＢで確定した該点光源の最初の位相Φ_ｐ−０を引くとともに、点光源ｐの振幅調整器が生成する最終振幅調整量Ａ_ｐ-Ｆによってもたらされる付加位相増量Φ_ｐ−Ａを引いて、該点光源の最終位相調整量Φ_ｐ−Ｆ＝Φ_ｐ−Φ_ｐ−０−Φ_ｐ−Ａを得るステップと、
Ｋ、ステップＪで確定した各点光源の最終振幅位相調整量Ａ_ｐ−Ｆと最終位相調整量Φ_ｐ−Ｆに基づき、各振幅調整器と位相調整器を駆動し、各点光源に前記最終振幅位相調整量と位相調整量を生成するステップと、
Ｌ、ステップＣで確定したすべてのＱ組のボクセルに対し、ステップＤからＫを繰り返すステップと、を含む。 A method for realizing the object of the present invention is a stereoscopic image forming method using a planar optical waveguide circuit,
A, a planar optical waveguide circuit is designed and created, coherent light emitted from a coherent light source is converted into a two-dimensional point light source array, and the position of each point light source in the two-dimensional light source array has a random distribution, an amplitude adjuster for performing independent adjustment on the amplitude and phase of each point light source for each point light source in the planar optical waveguide circuit at the same time as the position of the _p-th point light source; Design and manufacture a phase adjuster,
B, measuring and recording the first amplitude A _p-0 and the first phase Φ _p-0 of each point light source generated in step A when the drive voltage of each amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster becomes zero When,
Principles and C, discretizing the three-dimensional image should be displayed, with the position and intensity of each voxel, the amplitude A _v of each voxel is provided with square root of the brightness, to lower from the side luminance is high Divide all voxels into Q pairs based on
D, selecting a set of voxels in step C;
E, for each voxel in the set of voxels selected in step D, one random deviation amount is added to the position, and the random deviation amount is smaller than the average interval between adjacent voxels before the deviation. together, the steps of: imparting a random phase, to obtain the final position r _v and the phase [Phi _v of each voxel,
F, selecting one voxel v in step E;
G, for each point light source p generated in step A, if the light cone radiating it covers the voxel v selected in step F, the distance | r _p −r _v | calculated, setting the phase adjustment amount of the point light source based on the distance, the phase when the light wave emitted from the point light source p reaches the voxel v, the phase [Phi _v set in step E, at the same time, the the amplitude adjustment amount of the point light source distance _| r _p -r v | set and that is directly proportional to the multiplication of the amplitude a _v of the voxel v, the complex amplitude adjustment amount by comprehensively the phase adjustment amount and amplitude adjustment amount, voxels If v is located in front of the secondary point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should produce in order to generate the voxel v is

Displayed by equation (1),
In Equation (1), P is the number of all point light sources that participate in generating voxel v,
If the voxel v is located behind the two-dimensional point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should generate in order to generate the voxel v is

Steps to display in
H, repeating steps F through G for all voxels included in the set of voxels selected in step D;
I, for each point light source p generated at step A, based on the complex amplitude superposition principle, the complex amplitude adjustment amount A _p that the point light source p obtained at step D to step H should generate to generate the voxel v and accumulate the _-v, to obtain a total complex amplitude adjustment amount a _p required to point source p to generate the V voxels in total, i.e.,

And a step that is
J, to the point light sources p generated in step A, by dividing the total amplitude adjustment amount A _p that is determined in step I the first amplitude A _p-0 of the point light sources determined in step B, point light source The final amplitude phase adjustment amount A _pF = A _p / A _{p-0 is} obtained, and the initial phase Φ _p-0 of the point light source determined in step B from the total phase adjustment amount Φ _p determined in step I _is obtained. And subtracting the additional phase increase Φ _p-A caused by the final amplitude adjustment amount A _p-F generated by the amplitude adjuster of the point light source p to obtain the final phase adjustment amount Φ _p−F = Φ of the point light source obtaining _p −Φ _p−0 −Φ _p−A ;
K, based on the final amplitude phase adjustment amount _Ap-F and the final phase adjustment amount Φp _-F of each point light source determined in step J, the amplitude adjuster and the phase adjuster are driven, and the final light source is supplied to each point light source. Generating an amplitude phase adjustment amount and a phase adjustment amount;
L, repeating steps D to K for all Q sets of voxels determined in step C.

A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit that realizes the stereoscopic image forming method,
It is composed of a coherent light source, a planar optical waveguide circuit, a conductive glass front plate, and a back drive circuit, and the conductive glass front plate and the back drive circuit each cover both sides of the planar optical waveguide circuit. The circuit includes an optical waveguide main line and N optical waveguide branch lines, the optical waveguide main line receives light waves emitted from the coherent light source, and the N optical waveguide branch lines are distributed along the optical waveguide main line,
Each optical waveguide branch line is composed of a coupler, an amplitude adjuster, a phase adjuster, and a vertical diverter that are sequentially connected and integrated, and the coupler is coupled to a part of optical energy from the optical waveguide main line, The back drive circuit drives the amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster, couples to the optical waveguide branch line, adjusts the amplitude and phase for the advancing light wave, sends it to the vertical diverter, and changes the direction with the vertical diverter After that, radiate perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide circuit, generate one point light source, and install the position of the vertical diverter so that the position of the generated point light source is randomly distributed,
The coupler employs a directional coupler or a ring resonator coupler,
The phase adjuster is a single-mode optical waveguide made of a photoelectric material in one stage, the refractive index of the photoelectric material is modified by the back drive circuit, and the phase of the light wave is modified,
The vertical diverter includes two types of a first vertical diverter and a second vertical diverter, and the first vertical diverter is configured by a microplanar reflector, and the reflective surface of the microplanar reflector The depression angle of the planar optical waveguide circuit is 45 °.

  The present invention is formed on the basis of the present invention's invention patent «three-dimensional display method and apparatus by random constructive interference», and how a two-dimensional point is adopted by adopting a planar optical waveguide circuit. A light source array is constructed and solved to achieve independent adjustment of the amplitude and phase of each point light source.

  The present invention divides the entire planar optical waveguide circuit into an optical waveguide main line and an optical waveguide branch line, the optical waveguide main line guides the light wave emitted from the coherent light source to each area of the screen, and then a large amount distributed on both sides of the optical waveguide main line. A light wave is coupled from the optical waveguide main line by the optical waveguide branch line, and each optical waveguide branch line generates one point light source, and an amplitude adjuster and a phase adjuster are manufactured with photoelectric materials in the optical waveguide branch line, thereby generating the amplitude of the point light source. And adjust the phase. Thereby, a large-scale secondary point light source array can be formed using a planar optical waveguide circuit, and independent adjustment of the amplitude and phase of each point light source is realized.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects as compared with the prior art, in particular, <the 3D display method and apparatus by random constructive interference> which is the patent of the present applicant.
1. A photoelectric material is substituted for a liquid crystal material, and the adjustment of the amplitude and phase of the light wave is realized. The response time of the photoelectric material reaches the nanosecond class, realizes a refresh cycle with a higher frequency, stabilizes the image more quickly, and is advantageous for suppressing delay of an image of high-speed movement.
2. Since the planar optical waveguide circuit is adopted, the illumination optical system is simplified and the display is very light, thin and stable.
3. Since light waves are transmitted along a planar optical waveguide circuit, there is no need for transparent front and rear face plates like a liquid crystal display screen, and it is sufficient if a small light-transmitting hole is provided on the front face plate, especially on the rear face plate. The drive circuit does not need to be formed in a transparent glass shape, and can be manufactured on an appropriate material such as a plastic substrate. Therefore, the speed of the drive circuit can be further increased and the accuracy can be further increased.

  The present invention is particularly suitable for display screens of computers and televisions, but can be widely applied to areas such as education, scientific research, entertainment, and advertising, such as human-machine interaction and machine vision.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a spiral arrangement structure adopted by the trunk circuit. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a Z-type arrangement structure adopted by the trunk circuit. FIG. 4 is a layout diagram when the trunk circuit employs a Y-type beam splitter. FIG. 5 is a layout diagram when the main circuit employs a star coupler. FIG. 6 is a layout diagram when the trunk circuit employs a ring resonator coupler. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a structure when the trunk circuit employs a directional coupler. FIG. 8 is a layout diagram when the branch line circuit employs a directional coupler. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure when the branch circuit employs a ring resonator coupler. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure in the case where the vertical turning device employs a micro-planar reflector. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure when the vertical turning device employs a surface raster. FIG. 12 is a distribution diagram of light-transmitting small holes on the front plate. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the structure when the present invention employs a microlens array.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the three-dimensional display screen of the present invention is composed of a coherent light source 1, a planar optical waveguide circuit 2, a conductive glass front plate 3, and a back drive circuit 4. The back drive circuit 4 covers both sides of the planar optical waveguide circuit 2. Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 includes an optical waveguide main line 6 and an optical waveguide branch line 7.

  The optical waveguide main line 6 may have a serial arrangement or a parallel arrangement.

  The optical waveguide main line 6 adopting the serial arrangement is composed of one or three optical wave packets, and the one or three optical waveguides are formed in a Z-type arrangement or a helical arrangement, and the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 The average is covered.

  As shown in FIG. 2, one optical waveguide covers the whole of the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 with an annular line having a spiral shape. In order to realize color three-dimensional display, the three primary colors having wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 are sequentially input from the lower left to the same optical waveguide according to the sequence, and each color component of the three-dimensional image is sequentially displayed.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the three parallel optical waveguides are Z-shaped and bent to cover the entire display screen. In order to realize color three-dimensional display, the three primary colors of wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 are input to the three optical waveguides from the upper left, respectively, and each optical waveguide transfers one primary color, Display color components simultaneously.

  The advantage of the serial arrangement is that the structure is simple, and the disadvantage is that the entire length of the optical waveguide is too long, so that a relatively large transmission loss may occur. When producing a three-dimensional display screen having a large size, it is necessary to produce the optical waveguide main line 6 using an optical waveguide material that consumes very little, for example, a quartz glass optical waveguide.

  In the parallel arrangement, the entire display screen is covered with one parallel optical waveguide array, and the key is how to guide the light wave to each parallel optical waveguide. In general, a light wave can be guided to each parallel optical waveguide by a Y-type beam splitter, a star coupler, a directional coupler, a ring resonator coupler, a raster, or a multimode optical interference (MMI) device. it can. Among these, the Y-type beam splitter and the star coupler are independent of the wavelength, and the directional coupler, the ring resonator coupler, the raster, the multimode optical interference device, and the like are related to the wavelength. Couplers associated with wavelengths need to design different structural parameters based on different wavelengths. The merit of the parallel arrangement is that the entire length of the optical waveguide is relatively short, so that it is possible to produce the optical waveguide material with relatively low consumption such as a polymer material.

  The optical waveguide main line 6 adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and a Y-type beam splitter 8 or a star coupler 9. The parallel optical waveguide array covers the entire planar optical waveguide circuit 2 on average. The light wave emitted from the coherent light source 1 is averaged and distributed to each optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array by the Y-type beam splitter 8 or the star coupler 9.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the optical waveguide main line 6 adopting a parallel arrangement includes a parallel optical waveguide array composed of eight horizontal optical waveguides and one Y-type beam splitter, and the parallel optical waveguide array is a planar optical waveguide circuit. The average of 2 is covered. The Y-type beam splitter 8 is a ½-type Y-type beam splitter and employs seven ½-type Y-type beam splitters in total. The three primary color light waves having the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source are distributed on the average to the eight horizontal light waves from the left through the 1 / 2-type Y-type beam splitter according to the sequence. Each color component of the image is displayed sequentially. When the optical waveguide main line 6 includes 1024 horizontal parallel optical waveguides, a 10th-class 1 / 2-type Y-type beam splitter is required. Of course, by reducing the series of the Y-type beam splitter by using a 1 / 4-type or 1 / 8-type Y-type beam splitter, it is possible to reduce the non-fixed area occupied by the Y-type beam splitter.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the optical waveguide main line 6 adopting a parallel arrangement includes a parallel optical waveguide array composed of a star coupler 9 and eight horizontal optical waveguides. The star coupler 9 is a 3/8 type star coupler. The light waves of the three primary colors having the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source are averaged and distributed to eight horizontal light waves from the left through one 3 / 8-type star coupler according to the sequence. Each color component of is sequentially displayed. When the optical waveguide main line 6 includes a large number of horizontal parallel optical waveguides, for example, when there are 1024 optical waveguides, it may be necessary to employ a multi-class star coupler. The three input optical waveguides on the left side of the 3 / 8-type star coupler 9 in FIG. 5 only need to be one in the middle, and since all the overload is unnecessary, the light wave from the coherent light source is from the position of the intermediate optical waveguide. It is directly input and thus avoids transferring too much light in one optical waveguide.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the optical waveguide main line 6 adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and one straight optical waveguide perpendicular to the parallel optical waveguide array, and each optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array has one optical waveguide. The ring resonator 10 is coupled to the straight optical waveguide. The parallel optical waveguide array covers the entire planar optical waveguide 2 on average. The linear optical waveguide receives the three primary color light waves emitted from the coherent light source 1, designs the structural parameters of each ring resonator 10, and sequentially couples the three primary color light waves transferred to the linear optical waveguide to different optical waveguides in the parallel optical waveguide array. To do.

  FIG. 6 employs a parallel optical waveguide array composed of nine vertical optical waveguides and one horizontal linear optical waveguide perpendicular thereto, and each vertical optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array is Coupling with the horizontal linear optical waveguide is performed by one ring resonator 10. The parallel optical waveguide array in the vertical direction covers the entire planar optical waveguide 2 on average. The three primary colors λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source are simultaneously input to the horizontal linear optical waveguide from the upper left, and the ring resonator 10 having different radii with respect to the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 is designed. The three primary color light waves transferred from the horizontal linear optical waveguide are sequentially coupled to the nine vertical optical waveguides to simultaneously display each color component of the three-dimensional image. Further, in order to avoid transferring an excessively high amount of light in one optical waveguide, a star coupler is used to couple light waves emitted from the coherent light source 1 to a plurality of single mode optical waveguides. A single mode optical waveguide may be connected to one optical waveguide circuit shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the optical waveguide main line 6 adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and three linear optical waveguides, and the parallel optical waveguide array and the three linear optical waveguides are perpendicular to each other. There are two adjacent planes. Each optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array is coupled in order with one of the three linear optical waveguides by the directional coupler 11, and the parallel optical waveguide array includes the entire planar optical waveguide circuit 2. Covers on average. The three linear optical waveguides receive the three primary color light waves emitted from the coherent light source 1, respectively, design the structural parameters of each directional coupler, and transfer the three primary color light waves transferred to the three parallel linear optical waveguides to the parallel optical waveguide. Sequentially couple to different optical waveguides in the array.

  FIG. 7 shows a parallel optical waveguide array composed of nine vertical optical waveguides and three horizontal straight optical waveguides. The parallel optical waveguide array and the three horizontal linear optical waveguides are formed on two adjacent planes that are perpendicular to each other. Each of the longitudinal optical waveguides of the parallel optical waveguide array is coupled with one linear optical waveguide in the three horizontal linear optical waveguides in order by the directional coupler 11, and the parallel optical waveguide array is coupled to the planar optical waveguide circuit 2. The average is covered. The three horizontal linear optical waveguides receive the three primary color light waves having the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source 1, respectively, and design the structural parameters of the directional couplers, thereby generating three parallel straight lines. The three primary color light waves transferred to the optical waveguide are sequentially coupled to different optical waveguides of the parallel optical waveguide array.

  In order to avoid the crossing of the optical waveguides, the parallel optical waveguide array and the three horizontal linear optical waveguides are each formed in two adjacent planes. For example, three horizontal straight optical waveguides can be formed on the conductive glass front plate 3. Three horizontal straight optical waveguides are represented by broken lines. The three primary color light waves having the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source 1 are simultaneously input to the three horizontal linear optical waveguides from the upper left, respectively, and the directionality of parameters that are different with respect to the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3. A coupler is designed, and three primary color light waves transferred to three horizontal parallel straight optical waveguides are sequentially coupled to nine vertical optical waveguides. Since it is necessary to create optical waveguides on the two planes respectively, it is necessary to strictly control the aiming and the distance between the two planes at the time of subsequent assembly. To do.

  The planar optical waveguide circuit 2 has a great deal of cornering so that the light wave is guided across the screen. In order to always limit the light wave to the core layer of the optical waveguide, the cornering radius needs to be relatively large. Since the cornering radius increases as the difference in refractive index between the core layer and the coating layer decreases, the display screen size increases, which is disadvantageous for forming a dense point light source array. In order to reduce the size of the display screen and form a dense point light source array, it is possible to employ photonic crystal optical waveguides for all of the planar optical waveguide circuit 2, and for example, emphasis on cornering locations and branch locations It is also possible to adopt a photonic crystal optical waveguide only at the location.

  In order to generate a point light source array whose positions are randomly distributed, the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 includes an optical waveguide main line 6 and N optical waveguide branch lines 7, and the optical waveguide main line 6 receives light waves emitted from a coherent light source. The N optical waveguide branch lines 7 are distributed along the optical waveguide main line 6. Each optical waveguide branch line 7 is composed of a coupler, an amplitude adjuster, a phase adjuster, and a vertical diverter that are sequentially connected and integrated, and the coupler is coupled to a part of optical energy from the optical waveguide main line 6. Then, the back drive circuit 4 drives the amplitude adjuster and the phase adjuster, adjusts the amplitude and the phase with respect to the light wave which is coupled to the optical waveguide branch line 7 and advances, and then sends it to the vertical turning device. After changing the direction, the light is emitted perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 to generate one point light source, and the position of the vertical turning device is set so that the positions of the generated point light sources are randomly distributed. .

  There are two types of vertical diverters: a first vertical diverter 15 and a second vertical diverter 22.

  As shown in FIG. 8, each optical waveguide branch line 7 is composed of a coupler 12, an amplitude adjuster 13, a phase adjuster 14, and a vertical diverter 15 that are sequentially connected and integrated. The coupler 12 employs a directional coupler. The coupler 12 is coupled to a part of the optical energy from the optical waveguide main line 6, and the back drive circuit 4 drives the amplitude adjuster 13 and the phase adjuster 14, and couples to the optical waveguide branch line 7 to respond to the advanced light wave. After adjusting the amplitude and phase, it is sent to the first vertical diverter 15, changed in direction by the first vertical diverter 15, and then radiated perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide circuit 2. Is generated.

  The amplitude adjuster 13 of FIG. 8 is composed of a first input single-mode optical waveguide 16 and a first output single-mode optical waveguide 17 that are provided adjacent to each other and are parallel to each other. The part of the input single mode optical waveguide 16 or the first output single mode optical waveguide 17 is made of a photoelectric material. In FIG. 8, the air core portion of the first output single mode optical waveguide is made of a photoelectric material. The back drive circuit 4 modifies the refractive index of the photoelectric material, thereby modifying the coupling coefficient between the first input single-mode optical waveguide and the first output single-mode optical waveguide, so that the first output single mode The amplitude of the light wave output from the optical waveguide 17 is modified.

  The phase adjuster 14 is a single-stage optical waveguide made of a photoelectric material and is a single-mode optical waveguide made of a photoelectric material. The refractive index of the photoelectric material is altered by the back drive circuit 4 and the phase of the light wave is altered. Let As an indispensable precaution, when the amplitude adjuster 13 adjusts the amplitude, the phase is also changed at the same time. Therefore, the phase adjustment amount to be performed by the phase adjuster 14 is attached when the amplitude adjuster 13 adjusts the amplitude. Thus, the amount of phase adjustment generated should be further compensated.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the optical waveguide branch line 7 is composed of one coupler 19, one amplitude adjuster 20, one phase adjuster 21, and one second vertical diverter 22. The coupler 19, the amplitude adjuster 20, the phase adjuster 21, and the second vertical diverter 22 are sequentially connected and integrated. The coupler 19 employs a ring resonator coupler.

  In FIG. 9, the amplitude adjuster 20 is composed of a second input single-mode optical waveguide 23, a second output single-mode optical waveguide 24, and an annular single-mode optical waveguide 18, and the annular single-mode optical waveguide 18 is the second one. Between the input single-mode optical waveguide 23 and the second output single-mode optical waveguide 24. The annular single-mode optical waveguide 18 is made of a photoelectric material, and the light wave transferred to the second input single-mode optical waveguide 23 is coupled to the second output single-mode optical waveguide 24 by the annular single-mode optical waveguide 18. The By changing the refractive index of the photoelectric material by the back drive circuit 4, the coupling coefficient between the second input single-mode optical waveguide 23 and the second output single-mode optical waveguide 24 is changed, and the second output The amplitude of the light wave output from the single mode optical waveguide 24 is modified.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 to 9, one optical waveguide branch line 7 can generate a point light source capable of adjusting the amplitude and the phase independently. In order to generate a two-dimensional light source array, a large number of optical waveguide branch lines 7 are required. These optical waveguide branch lines are distributed along the optical waveguide main line 6. 4 to 7 show the distribution of some optical waveguide branch lines 7. If all of the optical waveguide branch lines 7 are described, they cover the entire optical waveguide circuit 2.

  In order to guarantee the uniqueness of the phase of the light wave, the optical waveguide branch line 7 should adopt a single mode optical waveguide, and its core diameter is only a few micrometers, so its emission end corresponds to one point light source. . In order to guarantee phase unity, the optical waveguide main line 6 should adopt a single mode optical waveguide as much as possible. When the light wave transferred to the optical waveguide main line 6 is very strong, it is necessary to adopt a multi-mode optical waveguide. At this time, the optical waveguide main line 6 operates in the fundamental mode.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the first vertical diverter 15 is constituted by a microplanar reflector 25, and the depression angle between the reflecting surface of the microplanar reflector 25 and the planar optical waveguide is 45 °. The back surface of the micro-planar reflector 25 is air, and thus the light wave sent from the phase adjuster 14 along the horizontal single-mode waveguide is deflected by 90 ° by complete radiation, and then radiates perpendicularly to the conductive glass front plate 3. To do. If the light wave emitted from the horizontal single-mode optical waveguide is larger than the reflection surface total reflection critical angle, a metal reflection film can be deposited on the back of the reflection surface. When the optical waveguide branch line 7 is made of a polymer material, the reflecting surface can be hot briquetted.

As shown in FIG. 11, the second vertical diverter 22 is composed of one surface raster 27, and the structural parameter of the raster 27 is designed to deflect the light wave output from the phase adjuster 14 by 90 °. Then, it radiates outwards perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide 2.
The raster 27 is difficult to deflect all the light waves from the phase adjuster 21 by 90 ° like the microplanar reflector 25. To increase efficiency, a reflective layer such as a Bragg reflective layer can be added to the bottom of the vertical diverter 22.

  As shown in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12, the transparent conductive glass front plate 3 is composed of transparent flat glass on which a metal conductive film 26 is deposited, and the metal conductive film 26 is adjacent to the planar optical waveguide circuit 2. N light-transmitting small holes 28 are etched in the metal conductive film 26. Each translucent small hole is precisely aligned with one first vertical diverter 15 or second vertical diverter 22 and directly in front of the first vertical diverter or the second vertical diverter. The light wave emitted from the first vertical turner or the second vertical turner can penetrate the conductive glass front plate 3. In order to produce a point light source array with randomly distributed positions, the positions of the small translucent holes 28 should be randomly distributed.

  In the present invention, in order to display a fine and smooth three-dimensional stereoscopic image, it is necessary to simultaneously generate many voxels by coherent interference of a point light source. Since the spherical wave from the point source diffuses in all directions, it can produce one voxel and at the same time produce the other background with a constant background. A clear background can be formed by superimposing backgrounds created by many voxels, and the contrast of a three-dimensional stereoscopic image is significantly reduced. In order to increase the contrast of the stereoscopic image, a time division method or a space division method can be employed. In the time division method, the voxels of a stereoscopic image are divided into a plurality of groups from higher to lower based on luminance, and the voxels of each group are displayed in time order. By the time division method, the number of voxels to be displayed simultaneously can be reduced by a factor of two, thereby avoiding excessive accumulation of background intensity and avoiding low-luminance voxels being buried in high-luminance voxels. The so-called spatial division method is a method using hardware, that is, a single microlens is used to simultaneously cover a plurality of point light sources, and a light cone emitted from each point light source covers only a small part of the development space. It is a method to make it. Since the space division method can limit the light wave emitted from one point light source to a range of one small cone angle, it does not affect voxels outside the range of the small cone angle, and similarly the background intensity. Can be avoided.

  Therefore, in order to increase the contrast of stereoscopic image formation by the space division method, the present invention is equipped with a microlens array plate 29 in front of the conductive glass front plate 3, and the structural parameters of each microlens are designed and Covers two or more point light sources.

  As shown in FIG. 13, a microlens array plate 29 is provided in front of the conductive glass front plate 3, and each microlens covers three point light sources of the display screen. Light waves emitted from nine point light sources on the display screen are formed into nine light cones C1 to 9 after passing through three microlenses. In FIG. 13, it is necessary to carefully design the parameters of the microlens, and the entire image forming space can be covered as well as possible by integrating the light cones emitted from the point light sources covered by the microlenses. To do. For example, it should be possible to just cover the whole image forming space by integrating three light cones C1 to C3. Since the light cone emitted from each point light source covers only a small part of the image forming space, the total number of voxels to be generated by each point light source is doubled, assuming that all the voxels in the entire image forming space remain unchanged. Relatively less. For example, the voxel 30 of the stereoscopic image 5 in FIG. 13 is generated by the first, fifth, and ninth point light sources counted from the top to the bottom on the display screen, and the light emitted from them. This is because the cones C1, C5, and C9 all cover the voxel 30. Other point light sources do not contribute to the voxel 30 and do not affect the background intensity near the voxel 30. This is because the light wave emitted from another point light source does not cover the voxel 30. In addition, in order to suppress a high-order analysis image, the position of the point light source and / or the optical axis center position of the microlens should be randomly distributed.

  As described above, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 can generate a two-dimensional light source array that exhibits a random distribution of positions and can independently adjust the amplitude and phase. If the phase of each point light source is set, it is possible to form the same phase when the spherical wave radiated from each point light source reaches a predetermined position, and one voxel can be formed at the predetermined position by coherent interference.

  The image forming method will be specifically described below. It includes the following 12 steps.

A, a planar optical waveguide circuit is designed and created, coherent light emitted from a coherent light source is converted into a two-dimensional point light source array, and the position of each point light source in the two-dimensional light source array has a random distribution, an amplitude adjuster for performing independent adjustment on the amplitude and phase of each point light source for each point light source in the planar optical waveguide circuit at the same time as the position of the _p-th point light source; Design and manufacture a phase adjuster.

B, measuring and recording the first amplitude A _p-0 and the first phase Φ _p-0 of each point light source generated in step A when the drive voltage of each amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster becomes zero .

Principles and C, discretizing the three-dimensional image should be displayed, with the position and intensity of each voxel, the amplitude A _v of each voxel is provided with square root of the brightness, to lower from the side luminance is high Dividing all voxels into Q sets based on

  D, selecting a set of voxels in step C.

E, for each voxel in the set of voxels selected in step D, one random deviation amount is added to the position, and the random deviation amount is smaller than the average interval between adjacent voxels before the deviation. together, to impart a random phase, to obtain the final position r _v and the phase [Phi _v of each voxel steps.

  F, selecting one voxel v in step E.

G, for each point light source p generated in step A, if the light cone radiating it covers the voxel v selected in step F, the distance | r _p −r _v | calculated, setting the phase adjustment amount of the point light source based on the distance, the phase when the light wave emitted from the point light source p reaches the voxel v, the phase [Phi _v set in step E, at the same time, the the amplitude adjustment amount of the point light source distance _| r _p -r v | set and that is directly proportional to the multiplication of the amplitude a _v of the voxel v, the complex amplitude adjustment amount by comprehensively the phase adjustment amount and amplitude adjustment amount, voxels If v is located in front of the secondary point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should generate in order to generate the voxel v is expressed by equation (1).

In Equation (1), P is the number of all point light sources participating in generating the voxel v, and the light wave at an arbitrary position r in front of the two-dimensional point light source array is all P points. The spherical wave radiated from the light source is superimposed, and the complex amplitude is expressed by Expression (2).

In the position _{r v} that voxel v, the exponential term of exponential terms and expressions in the formula (1) (2) are canceled each other, the formula (2) is one maximum value _{U (r v) = A v} exp (iΦ _v ), in other words, when spherical waves emitted from all point light sources reach the position rv, they have the same phase, and one light spot, i.e., a voxel v, is generated in the air by coherent interference. When away position r _v, the intensity of light is rapidly becomes relatively small. Thus equation, once, by setting the complex amplitude of each point light source p based on equation (1), it is possible to produce a voxel v in the forward position r _v of the screen.

If the voxel v is located behind the two-dimensional point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should generate in order to generate the voxel v is expressed by equation (3).

In order to understand the physical meaning of Equation (3), it can be assumed that one thin lens is placed on the plane where the two-dimensional point light source array is located. Based on Equation (3) and the phase change introduced by the thin lens, it can be estimated that a single voxel is formed by placing the front side of the thin lens. From one virtual image voxel v placed. After taking a thin lens, the actual voxel cannot be recreated, but the virtual image voxel v still exists. Therefore, Once the installation complex amplitude of each point light source p based on equation (3), it is possible to produce a voxel v to screen rear position r _v step.

  H, repeating steps F to G for all voxels included in the set of voxels selected in step D.

であるステップ。 I, for each point light source p generated at step A, based on the complex amplitude superposition principle, the complex amplitude adjustment amount A _p that the point light source p obtained at step D to step H should generate to generate the voxel v and accumulate the _-v, to obtain a total complex amplitude adjustment amount a _p required to point source p to generate the V voxels in total, i.e.,

Is a step.

J, to the point light sources p generated in step A, by dividing the total amplitude adjustment amount A _p that is determined in step I the first amplitude A _p-0 of the point light sources determined in step B, point light source The final amplitude phase adjustment amount A _pF = A _p / A _{p-0 is} obtained, and the initial phase Φ _p-0 of the point light source determined in step B from the total phase adjustment amount Φ _p determined in step I _is obtained. And subtracting the additional phase increase Φ _p-A caused by the final amplitude adjustment amount A _p-F generated by the amplitude adjuster of the point light source p to obtain the final phase adjustment amount Φ _p−F = Φ of the point light source obtaining _p −Φ _p−0 −Φ _p−A .

K, based on the final amplitude phase adjustment amount _Ap-F and the final phase adjustment amount Φp _-F of each point light source determined in step J, the amplitude adjuster and the phase adjuster are driven, and the final light source is supplied to each point light source. Generating an amplitude phase adjustment amount and a phase adjustment amount;

  L, Steps D to K are repeated for all Q sets of voxels determined in Step C.

  In the above steps, Step A and Step B are for obtaining a two-dimensional point light source array and locating the initial amplitude and initial phase of each point light source. For each stereoscopic display device, step A and step B must be completed before shipment. In step C, the stereoscopic image to be displayed is discrete, the position and amplitude of each voxel are acquired, and all the voxels are divided into several groups based on their luminance distributions so that they can be displayed in a time-division manner. Is for. The reason for adding one random phase and one random shift amount to each voxel in step E is to prevent the generated voxel from becoming a secondary voxel once again as a point light source and generating unnecessary noise. is there. Steps F to I determine the amount of complex amplitude adjustment required for each point light source since voxels of each group are generated. Step J supplements the initial phase and initial amplitude of each point light source and compensates for the additional phase generated by the amplitude adjuster to obtain the final amplitude adjustment amount and the phase adjustment amount compensation each point light source requires. Is for. In consideration of the laser brightness, the final amplitude adjustment amount required for each point light source needs to be multiplied by one proportional factor, and this factor is assumed to be 1 for easy understanding. In step K, a driving voltage is applied to each amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster to cause each point light source to generate the final amplitude adjustment amount and the phase adjustment amount. After step K is completed, a set of voxels appears at a predetermined position in the air. Step L is for time division display of all Q sets of voxels.

  Comparing the present invention with the method shown in the invention patent (Patent Document 1), the present invention makes it possible to obtain a better image contrast by increasing the space division method and the time division method. In addition, since the present invention adds a random phase and a random shift amount to each voxel, generation of secondary noise voxels is suppressed. Further, according to the present invention, compensation is performed for the position of each voxel, so that all the different voxels in the near and far directions reach a predetermined luminance. Furthermore, the present invention performs phase compensation and the like on an amplitude adjuster employing a photoelectric material.

  The present invention belongs to the field of three-dimensional image formation, and specifically relates to a stereoscopic image forming method and apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit.

  Three-dimensional displays can be divided into pseudo three-dimensional displays and intrinsic three-dimensional displays. The former is a stereoscopic display based on the parallax of both eyes, and produces a stereoscopic hallucination by viewing a screen with two different viewing angles with the left and right eyes of the observer. The latter forms a true three-dimensional image directly in the air, and the observer does not need to wear any auxiliary glasses and can view it more comfortably and naturally.

  An intrinsic three-dimensional display can be realized by an incoherent method such as an image integration technique or a body image forming technique, or by a coherent method such as a holography technique. The biggest difference between the incoherent method and the coherent method is that the former does not use the phase information of the light wave using the incoherent light source, whereas the latter uses the phase of the light wave sufficiently using the coherent light source. is there. The light wave phase information includes information on the shape and position of the object. The incoherent method discards the phase information of the light wave, so it can only rely on off-the-line, often complex mechanical scanning or optical devices, and it forms an image in three-dimensional space and follows the geometric optics Because of the limitations of the image forming principle itself, it is possible to achieve an image forming resolution that accepts only within a limited depth of field. The coherent method can use the information of the shape and position of the light wave phase sufficiently, so the structure is often simple, and with the help of wave optical imaging principle, the field of image formation Deep depth and high resolution. For example, a simple holographic plate does not require any optical lens or mechanical scanning device to form a three-dimensional image in the air. However, for large objects, holographic interference fringes are at the submicron level, much smaller than the pixel size of flat displays. Also, the very large capacity of fringe fringe data presents tremendous difficulties in real-time digit collection, processing, storage, transfer and display.

  Invented by a person skilled in the art, << 3D display method and apparatus using random constructive interference >> (Patent Document 1) discloses a new method related to 3D image formation. The core idea is as follows, which is a two-dimensional point light source array structure, and spherical waves from these point light sources merge with each other, and light spots, that is, three-dimensional voxels (abbreviated names) in the air by constructive interference. Is a voxel and corresponds to a pixel of a two-dimensional flat display), thereby forming a discrete stereoscopic image with a large number of voxels. In order to realize dynamic display, it is necessary to make independent real-time adjustments to the amplitude and phase of each point light source of the above two-dimensional point light source array, and to suppress multiple images due to high diffraction, the position of the point light source Exhibits a random distribution. Based on the above image forming principle, if the position and brightness of each voxel are known, the adjustment amount of the amplitude and phase of each point light source can be determined, and these points can be determined by adjusting the amplitude and phase of each point light source. When the spherical wave from the light source reaches a predetermined position in the space, the same phase is set. In this way, by forming voxels at predetermined positions by constructive interference, a discrete stereoscopic image is formed by a large number of voxels. This means that a 3D image can be formed in the air as long as you know deep information outside the fixed amount compared to a 2D flat display, and the increase in information is only about 30%. Is a great convenience for real-time storage, transfer and display of 3D data. The invention patent also discloses an apparatus for producing a two-dimensional point source array with different types of liquid crystal displays. However, it is essential for liquid crystal materials to adjust the amplitude and phase of light waves by mechanical rolling of liquid crystal molecules, and the response time is generally on the order of milliseconds.

Chinese Patent No. 0000810046861.8 Specification

  An object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic image forming method and apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit, which has a high image refresh rate and a light, thin and stable display with respect to the above situation.

式（１）で表示し、
なお、式（１）において、Ｐはボクセルｖを生成するのに参与するすべての点光源の数であり、
ボクセルｖが二次元点光源アレイの後方に位置するなら、点光源ｐがボクセルｖを生成するためにすべき複素振幅調整量は、

で表示するステップと、
Ｈ、ステップＤで選択した一組のボクセルに含まれるすべてのボクセルに対し、ステップＦからＧを繰り返すステップと、
Ｉ、ステップＡで生成した各点光源ｐに対し、複素振幅の重ね合わせ原理に基づき、ステップＤからステップＨで得た点光源ｐがボクセルｖを生成するためにすべき複素振幅調整量Ａ_ｐ−ｖを累加して、点光源ｐが全部でＶ個のボクセルを生成するのに必要な総複素振幅調整量Ａ_ｐを得るステップ、即ち

であるステップと、
Ｊ、ステップＡで生成した各点光源ｐに対し、ステップＩで確定した総複素振幅調整量Ａ_ｐをステップＢで確定した該点光源の最初の振幅Ａ_ｐ−０で除して、該点光源の最終振幅位相調整量Ａ_ｐ−Ｆ＝Ａ_ｐ／Ａ_ｐ−０を得て、ステップＩで確定した総位相調整量Φ_ｐからステップＢで確定した該点光源の最初の位相Φ_ｐ−０を引くとともに、点光源ｐの振幅調整器が生成する最終振幅調整量Ａ_ｐ-Ｆによってもたらされる付加位相増量Φ_ｐ−Ａを引いて、該点光源の最終位相調整量Φ_ｐ−Ｆ＝Φ_ｐ−Φ_ｐ−０−Φ_ｐ−Ａを得るステップと、
Ｋ、ステップＪで確定した各点光源の最終振幅位相調整量Ａ_ｐ−Ｆと最終位相調整量Φ_ｐ−Ｆに基づき、各振幅調整器と位相調整器を駆動し、各点光源に前記最終振幅位相調整量と位相調整量を生成するステップと、
Ｌ、ステップＣで確定したすべてのＱ組のボクセルに対し、ステップＤからＫを繰り返すステップと、を含む。 A method for realizing the object of the present invention is a stereoscopic image forming method using a planar optical waveguide circuit,
A, a planar optical waveguide circuit is designed and created, coherent light emitted from a coherent light source is converted into a two-dimensional point light source array, and the position of each point light source in the two-dimensional light source array has a random distribution, an amplitude adjuster for performing independent adjustment on the amplitude and phase of each point light source for each point light source in the planar optical waveguide circuit at the same time as the position of the _p-th point light source; Design and manufacture a phase adjuster,
B, measuring and recording the first amplitude A _p-0 and the first phase Φ _p-0 of each point light source generated in step A when the drive voltage of each amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster becomes zero When,
Principles and C, discretizing the three-dimensional image should be displayed, with the position and intensity of each voxel, the amplitude A _v of each voxel is provided with square root of the brightness, to lower from the side luminance is high Divide all voxels into Q pairs based on
D, selecting a set of voxels in step C;
E, for each voxel in the set of voxels selected in step D, one random deviation amount is added to the position, and the random deviation amount is smaller than the average interval between adjacent voxels before the deviation. together, the steps of: imparting a random phase, to obtain the final position r _v and the phase [Phi _v of each voxel,
F, selecting one voxel v in step E;
G, for each point light source p generated in step A, if the light cone radiating it covers the voxel v selected in step F, the distance | r _p −r _v | calculated, setting the phase adjustment amount of the point light source based on the distance, the phase when the light wave emitted from the point light source p reaches the voxel v, the phase [Phi _v set in step E, at the same time, the the amplitude adjustment amount of the point light source distance _| r _p -r v | set and that is directly proportional to the multiplication of the amplitude a _v of the voxel v, the complex amplitude adjustment amount by comprehensively the phase adjustment amount and amplitude adjustment amount, voxels If v is located in front of the secondary point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should produce in order to generate the voxel v is

Displayed by equation (1),
In Equation (1), P is the number of all point light sources that participate in generating voxel v,
If the voxel v is located behind the two-dimensional point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should generate in order to generate the voxel v is

Steps to display in
H, repeating steps F through G for all voxels included in the set of voxels selected in step D;
I, for each point light source p generated at step A, based on the complex amplitude superposition principle, the complex amplitude adjustment amount A _p that the point light source p obtained at step D to step H should generate to generate the voxel v and accumulate the _-v, to obtain a total complex amplitude adjustment amount a _p required to point source p to generate the V voxels in total, i.e.,

And a step that is
J, to the point light sources p generated in step A, by dividing the total complex amplitude adjustment amount A _p that is determined in step I the first amplitude A _p-0 of the point light sources determined in step B, the point The final amplitude phase adjustment amount A _p−F = A _p / A _{p−0 of the} light source is obtained, and the initial phase Φ _p− of the point light source determined in step B from the total phase adjustment amount Φ _p determined in step I. While subtracting ₀ , an additional phase increase Φ _p-A caused by the final amplitude adjustment amount A _p-F generated by the amplitude adjuster of the point light source p is subtracted to obtain the final phase adjustment amount Φ _p−F = Obtaining Φ _p −Φ _p−0 −Φ _p−A ;
K, based on the final amplitude phase adjustment amount _Ap-F and the final phase adjustment amount Φp _-F of each point light source determined in step J, the amplitude adjuster and the phase adjuster are driven, and the final light source is supplied to each point light source. Generating an amplitude phase adjustment amount and a phase adjustment amount;
L, repeating steps D to K for all Q sets of voxels determined in step C.

A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit that realizes the stereoscopic image forming method,
It is composed of a coherent light source, a planar optical waveguide circuit, a conductive glass front plate, and a back drive circuit, and the conductive glass front plate and the back drive circuit each cover both sides of the planar optical waveguide circuit. The circuit includes an optical waveguide main line and N optical waveguide branch lines, the optical waveguide main line receives light waves emitted from the coherent light source, and the N optical waveguide branch lines are distributed along the optical waveguide main line,
Each optical waveguide branch line is composed of a coupler, an amplitude adjuster, a phase adjuster, and a vertical diverter that are sequentially connected and integrated, and the coupler is coupled to a part of optical energy from the optical waveguide main line, The back drive circuit drives the amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster, couples to the optical waveguide branch line, adjusts the amplitude and phase for the advancing light wave, sends it to the vertical diverter, and changes the direction with the vertical diverter After that, radiate perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide circuit, generate one point light source, and install the position of the vertical diverter so that the position of the generated point light source is randomly distributed,
The coupler employs a directional coupler or a ring resonator coupler,
The phase adjuster is a single-mode optical waveguide made of a photoelectric material in one stage, the refractive index of the photoelectric material is modified by the back drive circuit, and the phase of the light wave is modified,
The vertical diverter includes two types of a first vertical diverter and a second vertical diverter, and the first vertical diverter is configured by a microplanar reflector, and the reflective surface of the microplanar reflector The depression angle of the planar optical waveguide circuit is 45 °.

  The present invention is formed on the basis of the present invention's invention patent «three-dimensional display method and apparatus by random constructive interference», and how a two-dimensional point is adopted by adopting a planar optical waveguide circuit. A light source array is constructed and solved to achieve independent adjustment of the amplitude and phase of each point light source.

  The present invention divides the entire planar optical waveguide circuit into an optical waveguide main line and an optical waveguide branch line, the optical waveguide main line guides the light wave emitted from the coherent light source to each area of the screen, and then a large amount distributed on both sides of the optical waveguide main line. A light wave is coupled from the optical waveguide main line by the optical waveguide branch line, and each optical waveguide branch line generates one point light source, and an amplitude adjuster and a phase adjuster are manufactured with photoelectric materials in the optical waveguide branch line, thereby generating the amplitude of the point light source. And adjust the phase. Thereby, a large-scale secondary point light source array can be formed using a planar optical waveguide circuit, and independent adjustment of the amplitude and phase of each point light source is realized.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects as compared with the prior art, in particular, <the 3D display method and apparatus by random constructive interference> which is the patent of the present applicant.
1. A photoelectric material is substituted for a liquid crystal material, and the adjustment of the amplitude and phase of the light wave is realized. The response time of the photoelectric material reaches the nanosecond class, realizes a refresh cycle with a higher frequency, stabilizes the image more quickly, and is advantageous for suppressing delay of an image of high-speed movement.
2. Since the planar optical waveguide circuit is adopted, the illumination optical system is simplified and the display is very light, thin and stable.
3. Since light waves are transmitted along a planar optical waveguide circuit, there is no need for transparent front and rear face plates like a liquid crystal display screen, and it is sufficient if a small light-transmitting hole is provided on the front face plate, especially on the rear face plate. The drive circuit does not need to be formed in a transparent glass shape, and can be manufactured on an appropriate material such as a plastic substrate. Therefore, the speed of the drive circuit can be further increased and the accuracy can be further increased.

  The present invention is particularly suitable for display screens of computers and televisions, but can be widely applied to areas such as education, scientific research, entertainment, and advertising, such as human-machine interaction and machine vision.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a spiral arrangement structure adopted by the trunk circuit. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a Z-type arrangement structure adopted by the trunk circuit. FIG. 4 is a layout diagram when the trunk circuit employs a Y-type beam splitter. FIG. 5 is a layout diagram when the main circuit employs a star coupler. FIG. 6 is a layout diagram when the trunk circuit employs a ring resonator coupler. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a structure when the trunk circuit employs a directional coupler. FIG. 8 is a layout diagram when the branch line circuit employs a directional coupler. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure when the branch circuit employs a ring resonator coupler. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure in the case where the vertical turning device employs a micro-planar reflector. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure when the vertical turning device employs a surface raster. FIG. 12 is a distribution diagram of light-transmitting small holes on the front plate. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the structure when the present invention employs a microlens array.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the three-dimensional display screen of the present invention is composed of a coherent light source 1, a planar optical waveguide circuit 2, a conductive glass front plate 3, and a back drive circuit 4. The back drive circuit 4 covers both sides of the planar optical waveguide circuit 2. Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 includes an optical waveguide main line 6 and an optical waveguide branch line 7.

  The optical waveguide main line 6 may have a serial arrangement or a parallel arrangement.

Light guide main line 6 which adopts a serial arrangement is the composition by one or three of the optical waveguide, wherein one or three optical waveguides in Z-type arrangement or helical arrangement of the method, a planar optical waveguide circuit 2 The average is covered.

  As shown in FIG. 2, one optical waveguide covers the whole of the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 with an annular line having a spiral shape. In order to realize color three-dimensional display, the three primary colors having wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 are sequentially input from the lower left to the same optical waveguide according to the sequence, and each color component of the three-dimensional image is sequentially displayed.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the three parallel optical waveguides are Z-shaped and bent to cover the entire display screen. In order to realize color three-dimensional display, the three primary colors of wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 are input to the three optical waveguides from the upper left, respectively, and each optical waveguide transfers one primary color, Display color components simultaneously.

  The advantage of the serial arrangement is that the structure is simple, and the disadvantage is that the entire length of the optical waveguide is too long, so that a relatively large transmission loss may occur. When producing a three-dimensional display screen having a large size, it is necessary to produce the optical waveguide main line 6 using an optical waveguide material that consumes very little, for example, a quartz glass optical waveguide.

  In the parallel arrangement, the entire display screen is covered with one parallel optical waveguide array, and the key is how to guide the light wave to each parallel optical waveguide. In general, a light wave can be guided to each parallel optical waveguide by a Y-type beam splitter, a star coupler, a directional coupler, a ring resonator coupler, a raster, or a multimode optical interference (MMI) device. it can. Among these, the Y-type beam splitter and the star coupler are independent of the wavelength, and the directional coupler, the ring resonator coupler, the raster, the multimode optical interference device, and the like are related to the wavelength. Couplers associated with wavelengths need to design different structural parameters based on different wavelengths. The merit of the parallel arrangement is that the entire length of the optical waveguide is relatively short, so that it is possible to produce the optical waveguide material with relatively low consumption such as a polymer material.

  The optical waveguide main line 6 adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and a Y-type beam splitter 8 or a star coupler 9. The parallel optical waveguide array covers the entire planar optical waveguide circuit 2 on average. The light wave emitted from the coherent light source 1 is averaged and distributed to each optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array by the Y-type beam splitter 8 or the star coupler 9.

As shown in FIG. 4, the optical waveguide main line 6 adopting a parallel arrangement includes a parallel optical waveguide array composed of eight horizontal optical waveguides and one Y-type beam splitter, and the parallel optical waveguide array is a planar optical waveguide circuit. The average of 2 is covered. The Y-type beam splitter 8 is a ½-type Y-type beam splitter and employs seven ½-type Y-type beam splitters in total. The light waves of the three primary colors having the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source are distributed on the average to the eight horizontal optical waveguides through the 1 / 2-type Y-beam splitter from the left according to the sequence. Each color component of the original image is displayed sequentially. When the optical waveguide main line 6 includes 1024 horizontal parallel optical waveguides, a 10th-class 1 / 2-type Y-type beam splitter is required. Of course, by reducing the series of the Y-type beam splitter by using a 1 / 4-type or 1 / 8-type Y-type beam splitter, it is possible to reduce the non-fixed area occupied by the Y-type beam splitter.

As shown in FIG. 5, the optical waveguide main line 6 adopting a parallel arrangement includes a parallel optical waveguide array composed of a star coupler 9 and eight horizontal optical waveguides. The star coupler 9 is a 3/8 type star coupler. The light waves of the three primary colors having the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source are averaged and distributed to the eight horizontal optical waveguides through one 3 / 8-type star coupler from the left according to the sequence. Each color component of the image is displayed sequentially. When the optical waveguide main line 6 includes a large number of horizontal parallel optical waveguides, for example, when there are 1024 optical waveguides, it may be necessary to employ a multi-class star coupler. The three input optical waveguides on the left side of the 3 / 8-type star coupler 9 in FIG. 5 only need to be one in the middle, and since all the overload is unnecessary, the light wave from the coherent light source is from the position of the intermediate optical waveguide. It is directly input and thus avoids transferring too much light in one optical waveguide.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the optical waveguide main line 6 adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and one straight optical waveguide perpendicular to the parallel optical waveguide array, and each optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array has one optical waveguide. The ring resonator 10 is coupled to the straight optical waveguide. The parallel optical waveguide array covers the entire planar optical waveguide 2 on average. The linear optical waveguide receives the three primary color light waves emitted from the coherent light source 1, designs the structural parameters of each ring resonator 10, and sequentially couples the three primary color light waves transferred to the linear optical waveguide to different optical waveguides in the parallel optical waveguide array. To do.

  FIG. 6 employs a parallel optical waveguide array composed of nine vertical optical waveguides and one horizontal linear optical waveguide perpendicular thereto, and each vertical optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array is Coupling with the horizontal linear optical waveguide is performed by one ring resonator 10. The parallel optical waveguide array in the vertical direction covers the entire planar optical waveguide 2 on average. The three primary colors λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source are simultaneously input to the horizontal linear optical waveguide from the upper left, and the ring resonator 10 having different radii with respect to the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 is designed. The three primary color light waves transferred from the horizontal linear optical waveguide are sequentially coupled to the nine vertical optical waveguides to simultaneously display each color component of the three-dimensional image. Further, in order to avoid transferring an excessively high amount of light in one optical waveguide, a star coupler is used to couple light waves emitted from the coherent light source 1 to a plurality of single mode optical waveguides. A single mode optical waveguide may be connected to one optical waveguide circuit shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the optical waveguide main line 6 adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and three linear optical waveguides, and the parallel optical waveguide array and the three linear optical waveguides are perpendicular to each other. There are two adjacent planes. Each optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array is coupled in order with one of the three linear optical waveguides by the directional coupler 11, and the parallel optical waveguide array includes the entire planar optical waveguide circuit 2. Covers on average. The three linear optical waveguides receive the three primary color light waves emitted from the coherent light source 1, respectively, design the structural parameters of each directional coupler, and transfer the three primary color light waves transferred to the three parallel linear optical waveguides to the parallel optical waveguide. Sequentially couple to different optical waveguides in the array.

Figure 7 is a parallel optical waveguide arrays composition by nine longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide, consisting of three horizontal straight waveguide. The parallel optical waveguide array and the three horizontal linear optical waveguides are formed on two adjacent planes that are perpendicular to each other. Each of the longitudinal optical waveguides of the parallel optical waveguide array is coupled with one linear optical waveguide in the three horizontal linear optical waveguides in order by the directional coupler 11, and the parallel optical waveguide array is coupled to the planar optical waveguide circuit 2. The average is covered. The three horizontal linear optical waveguides receive the three primary color light waves having the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source 1, respectively, and design the structural parameters of the directional couplers, thereby generating three parallel straight lines. The three primary color light waves transferred to the optical waveguide are sequentially coupled to different optical waveguides of the parallel optical waveguide array.

  In order to avoid the crossing of the optical waveguides, the parallel optical waveguide array and the three horizontal linear optical waveguides are each formed in two adjacent planes. For example, three horizontal straight optical waveguides can be formed on the conductive glass front plate 3. Three horizontal straight optical waveguides are represented by broken lines. The three primary color light waves having the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3 emitted from the coherent light source 1 are simultaneously input to the three horizontal linear optical waveguides from the upper left, respectively, and the directionality of parameters that are different with respect to the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3. A coupler is designed, and three primary color light waves transferred to three horizontal parallel straight optical waveguides are sequentially coupled to nine vertical optical waveguides. Since it is necessary to create optical waveguides on the two planes respectively, it is necessary to strictly control the aiming and the distance between the two planes at the time of subsequent assembly. To do.

  The planar optical waveguide circuit 2 has a great deal of cornering so that the light wave is guided across the screen. In order to always limit the light wave to the core layer of the optical waveguide, the cornering radius needs to be relatively large. Since the cornering radius increases as the difference in refractive index between the core layer and the coating layer decreases, the display screen size increases, which is disadvantageous for forming a dense point light source array. In order to reduce the size of the display screen and form a dense point light source array, it is possible to employ photonic crystal optical waveguides for all of the planar optical waveguide circuit 2, and for example, emphasis on cornering locations and branch locations It is also possible to adopt a photonic crystal optical waveguide only at the location.

  In order to generate a point light source array whose positions are randomly distributed, the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 includes an optical waveguide main line 6 and N optical waveguide branch lines 7, and the optical waveguide main line 6 receives light waves emitted from a coherent light source. The N optical waveguide branch lines 7 are distributed along the optical waveguide main line 6. Each optical waveguide branch line 7 is composed of a coupler, an amplitude adjuster, a phase adjuster, and a vertical diverter that are sequentially connected and integrated, and the coupler is coupled to a part of optical energy from the optical waveguide main line 6. Then, the back drive circuit 4 drives the amplitude adjuster and the phase adjuster, adjusts the amplitude and the phase with respect to the light wave which is coupled to the optical waveguide branch line 7 and advances, and then sends it to the vertical turning device. After changing the direction, the light is emitted perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide circuit 2 to generate one point light source, and the position of the vertical turning device is set so that the positions of the generated point light sources are randomly distributed. .

  There are two types of vertical diverters: a first vertical diverter 15 and a second vertical diverter 22.

  As shown in FIG. 8, each optical waveguide branch line 7 is composed of a coupler 12, an amplitude adjuster 13, a phase adjuster 14, and a vertical diverter 15 that are sequentially connected and integrated. The coupler 12 employs a directional coupler. The coupler 12 is coupled to a part of the optical energy from the optical waveguide main line 6, and the back drive circuit 4 drives the amplitude adjuster 13 and the phase adjuster 14, and couples to the optical waveguide branch line 7 to respond to the advanced light wave. After adjusting the amplitude and phase, it is sent to the first vertical diverter 15, changed in direction by the first vertical diverter 15, and then radiated perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide circuit 2. Is generated.

  The amplitude adjuster 13 of FIG. 8 is composed of a first input single-mode optical waveguide 16 and a first output single-mode optical waveguide 17 that are provided adjacent to each other and are parallel to each other. The part of the input single mode optical waveguide 16 or the first output single mode optical waveguide 17 is made of a photoelectric material. In FIG. 8, the air core portion of the first output single mode optical waveguide is made of a photoelectric material. The back drive circuit 4 modifies the refractive index of the photoelectric material, thereby modifying the coupling coefficient between the first input single-mode optical waveguide and the first output single-mode optical waveguide, so that the first output single mode The amplitude of the light wave output from the optical waveguide 17 is modified.

  The phase adjuster 14 is a single-stage optical waveguide made of a photoelectric material and is a single-mode optical waveguide made of a photoelectric material. The refractive index of the photoelectric material is altered by the back drive circuit 4 and the phase of the light wave is altered. Let As an indispensable precaution, when the amplitude adjuster 13 adjusts the amplitude, the phase is also changed at the same time. Therefore, the phase adjustment amount to be performed by the phase adjuster 14 is attached when the amplitude adjuster 13 adjusts the amplitude. Thus, the amount of phase adjustment generated should be further compensated.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the optical waveguide branch line 7 is composed of one coupler 19, one amplitude adjuster 20, one phase adjuster 21, and one second vertical diverter 22. The coupler 19, the amplitude adjuster 20, the phase adjuster 21, and the second vertical diverter 22 are sequentially connected and integrated. The coupler 19 employs a ring resonator coupler.

  In FIG. 9, the amplitude adjuster 20 is composed of a second input single-mode optical waveguide 23, a second output single-mode optical waveguide 24, and an annular single-mode optical waveguide 18, and the annular single-mode optical waveguide 18 is the second one. Between the input single-mode optical waveguide 23 and the second output single-mode optical waveguide 24. The annular single-mode optical waveguide 18 is made of a photoelectric material, and the light wave transferred to the second input single-mode optical waveguide 23 is coupled to the second output single-mode optical waveguide 24 by the annular single-mode optical waveguide 18. The By changing the refractive index of the photoelectric material by the back drive circuit 4, the coupling coefficient between the second input single-mode optical waveguide 23 and the second output single-mode optical waveguide 24 is changed, and the second output The amplitude of the light wave output from the single mode optical waveguide 24 is modified.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 to 9, one optical waveguide branch line 7 can generate a point light source capable of adjusting the amplitude and the phase independently. In order to generate a two-dimensional light source array, a large number of optical waveguide branch lines 7 are required. These optical waveguide branch lines are distributed along the optical waveguide main line 6. 4 to 7 show the distribution of some optical waveguide branch lines 7. If all of the optical waveguide branch lines 7 are described, they cover the entire optical waveguide circuit 2.

  In order to guarantee the uniqueness of the phase of the light wave, the optical waveguide branch line 7 should adopt a single mode optical waveguide, and its core diameter is only a few micrometers, so its emission end corresponds to one point light source. . In order to guarantee phase unity, the optical waveguide main line 6 should adopt a single mode optical waveguide as much as possible. When the light wave transferred to the optical waveguide main line 6 is very strong, it is necessary to adopt a multi-mode optical waveguide. At this time, the optical waveguide main line 6 operates in the fundamental mode.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the first vertical diverter 15 is constituted by a microplanar reflector 25, and the depression angle between the reflecting surface of the microplanar reflector 25 and the planar optical waveguide is 45 °. The back surface of the micro-planar reflector 25 is air, and thus the light wave sent from the phase adjuster 14 along the horizontal single-mode waveguide is deflected by 90 ° by complete radiation, and then radiates perpendicularly to the conductive glass front plate 3. To do. If the light wave emitted from the horizontal single-mode optical waveguide is larger than the reflection surface total reflection critical angle, a metal reflection film can be deposited on the back of the reflection surface. When the optical waveguide branch line 7 is made of a polymer material, the reflecting surface can be hot briquetted.

As shown in FIG. 11, the second vertical diverter 22 is composed of one surface raster 27, and the structural parameter of the raster 27 is designed to deflect the light wave output from the phase adjuster 14 by 90 °. Then, it radiates outwards perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide 2.
The raster 27 is difficult to deflect all the light waves from the phase adjuster 21 by 90 ° like the microplanar reflector 25. To increase efficiency, a reflective layer such as a Bragg reflective layer can be added to the bottom of the vertical diverter 22.

  As shown in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12, the transparent conductive glass front plate 3 is composed of transparent flat glass on which a metal conductive film 26 is deposited, and the metal conductive film 26 is adjacent to the planar optical waveguide circuit 2. N light-transmitting small holes 28 are etched in the metal conductive film 26. Each translucent small hole is precisely aligned with one first vertical diverter 15 or second vertical diverter 22 and directly in front of the first vertical diverter or the second vertical diverter. The light wave emitted from the first vertical turner or the second vertical turner can penetrate the conductive glass front plate 3. In order to produce a point light source array with randomly distributed positions, the positions of the small translucent holes 28 should be randomly distributed.

  In the present invention, in order to display a fine and smooth three-dimensional stereoscopic image, it is necessary to simultaneously generate many voxels by coherent interference of a point light source. Since the spherical wave from the point source diffuses in all directions, it can produce one voxel and at the same time produce the other background with a constant background. A clear background can be formed by superimposing backgrounds created by many voxels, and the contrast of a three-dimensional stereoscopic image is significantly reduced. In order to increase the contrast of the stereoscopic image, a time division method or a space division method can be employed. In the time division method, the voxels of a stereoscopic image are divided into a plurality of groups from higher to lower based on luminance, and the voxels of each group are displayed in time order. By the time division method, the number of voxels to be displayed simultaneously can be reduced by a factor of two, thereby avoiding excessive accumulation of background intensity and avoiding low-luminance voxels being buried in high-luminance voxels. The so-called spatial division method is a method using hardware, that is, a single microlens is used to simultaneously cover a plurality of point light sources, and a light cone emitted from each point light source covers only a small part of the development space. It is a method to make it. Since the space division method can limit the light wave emitted from one point light source to a range of one small cone angle, it does not affect voxels outside the range of the small cone angle, and similarly the background intensity. Can be avoided.

  Therefore, in order to increase the contrast of stereoscopic image formation by the space division method, the present invention is equipped with a microlens array plate 29 in front of the conductive glass front plate 3, and the structural parameters of each microlens are designed and Covers two or more point light sources.

As shown in FIG. 13, a microlens array plate 29 is provided in front of the conductive glass front plate 3, and each microlens covers three point light sources of the display screen. Light waves emitted from nine point light sources on the display screen are formed into nine light cones C1 to 9 after passing through three microlenses. In FIG. 13, it is necessary to carefully design the parameters of the microlens, and the entire image forming space can be covered as well as possible by integrating the light cones emitted from the point light sources covered by the microlenses. To do. For example, it should be possible to just cover the whole image forming space by integrating three light cones C1 to C3. Since the light cone emitted from each point light source covers only a small part of the image forming space, the total number of voxels to be generated by each point light source is doubled on the assumption that all the voxels in the entire image forming space do not change. Become. For example, the voxel 30 of the stereoscopic image 5 in FIG. 13 is generated by the first, fifth, and ninth point light sources counted from the top to the bottom on the display screen, and the light emitted from them. This is because the cones C1, C5, and C9 all cover the voxel 30. Other point light sources do not contribute to the voxel 30 and do not affect the background intensity near the voxel 30. This is because the light wave emitted from another point light source does not cover the voxel 30. In addition, in order to suppress a high-order analysis image, the position of the point light source and / or the optical axis center position of the microlens should be randomly distributed.

  As described above, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 can generate a two-dimensional light source array that exhibits a random distribution of positions and can independently adjust the amplitude and phase. If the phase of each point light source is set, it is possible to form the same phase when the spherical wave radiated from each point light source reaches a predetermined position, and one voxel can be formed at the predetermined position by coherent interference.

  The image forming method will be specifically described below. It includes the following 12 steps.

A, a planar optical waveguide circuit is designed and created, coherent light emitted from a coherent light source is converted into a two-dimensional point light source array, and the position of each point light source in the two-dimensional light source array has a random distribution, an amplitude adjuster for performing independent adjustment on the amplitude and phase of each point light source for each point light source in the planar optical waveguide circuit at the same time as the position of the _p-th point light source; Design and manufacture a phase adjuster.

B, measuring and recording the first amplitude A _p-0 and the first phase Φ _p-0 of each point light source generated in step A when the drive voltage of each amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster becomes zero .

Principles and C, discretizing the three-dimensional image should be displayed, with the position and intensity of each voxel, the amplitude A _v of each voxel is provided with square root of the brightness, to lower from the side luminance is high Dividing all voxels into Q sets based on

  D, selecting a set of voxels in step C.

E, for each voxel in the set of voxels selected in step D, one random deviation amount is added to the position, and the random deviation amount is smaller than the average interval between adjacent voxels before the deviation. together, to impart a random phase, to obtain the final position r _v and the phase [Phi _v of each voxel steps.

  F, selecting one voxel v in step E.

G, for each point light source p generated in step A, if the light cone radiating it covers the voxel v selected in step F, the distance | r _p −r _v | calculated, setting the phase adjustment amount of the point light source based on the distance, the phase when the light wave emitted from the point light source p reaches the voxel v, the phase [Phi _v set in step E, at the same time, the the amplitude adjustment amount of the point light source distance _| r _p -r v | set and that is directly proportional to the multiplication of the amplitude a _v of the voxel v, the complex amplitude adjustment amount by comprehensively the phase adjustment amount and amplitude adjustment amount, voxels If v is located in front of the secondary point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should generate in order to generate the voxel v is expressed by equation (1).

In Equation (1), P is the number of all point light sources participating in generating the voxel v, and the light wave at an arbitrary position r in front of the two-dimensional point light source array is all P points. The spherical wave radiated from the light source is superimposed, and the complex amplitude is expressed by Expression (2).

In the position _{r v} that voxel v, the exponential term of exponential terms and expressions in the formula (1) (2) are canceled each other, the formula (2) is one maximum value _{U (r v) = A v} exp (iΦ _v ), in other words, when spherical waves emitted from all point light sources reach the position rv, they have the same phase, and one light spot, i.e., a voxel v, is generated in the air by coherent interference. When away position r _v, the intensity of light is rapidly reduced. Therefore, once, by setting the complex amplitude of each point light source p based on equation (1), it is possible to produce a voxel v in the forward position r _v of the screen.

If the voxel v is located behind the two-dimensional point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should generate in order to generate the voxel v is expressed by equation (3).

In order to understand the physical meaning of Equation (3), it can be assumed that one thin lens is placed on the plane where the two-dimensional point light source array is located. Based on Equation (3) and the phase change introduced by the thin lens, it can be estimated that one solid voxel is formed in front of the thin lens, but all the rays reaching the solid voxel are one in the rear of the thin lens. From the virtual image voxel v. After taking a thin lens, the actual voxel cannot be recreated, but the virtual image voxel v still exists. Therefore, Once the installation complex amplitude of each point light source p based on equation (3), it is possible to produce a voxel v to screen rear position r _v step.

  H, repeating steps F to G for all voxels included in the set of voxels selected in step D.

であるステップ。 I, for each point light source p generated at step A, based on the complex amplitude superposition principle, the complex amplitude adjustment amount A _p that the point light source p obtained at step D to step H should generate to generate the voxel v and accumulate the _-v, to obtain a total complex amplitude adjustment amount a _p required to point source p to generate the V voxels in total, i.e.,

Is a step.

J, to the point light sources p generated in step A, by dividing the total complex amplitude adjustment amount A _p that is determined in step I the first amplitude A _p-0 of the point light sources determined in step B, the point The final amplitude phase adjustment amount A _p−F = A _p / A _{p−0 of the} light source is obtained, and the initial phase Φ _p− of the point light source determined in step B from the total phase adjustment amount Φ _p determined in step I. While subtracting ₀ , an additional phase increase Φ _p-A caused by the final amplitude adjustment amount A _p-F generated by the amplitude adjuster of the point light source p is subtracted to obtain the final phase adjustment amount Φ _p−F = Obtaining Φ _p −Φ _p−0 −Φ _p−A .

K, based on the final amplitude phase adjustment amount _Ap-F and the final phase adjustment amount Φp _-F of each point light source determined in step J, the amplitude adjuster and the phase adjuster are driven, and the final light source is supplied to each point light source. Generating an amplitude phase adjustment amount and a phase adjustment amount;

  L, Steps D to K are repeated for all Q sets of voxels determined in Step C.

  In the above steps, Step A and Step B are for obtaining a two-dimensional point light source array and locating the initial amplitude and initial phase of each point light source. For each stereoscopic display device, step A and step B must be completed before shipment. In step C, the stereoscopic image to be displayed is discrete, the position and amplitude of each voxel are acquired, and all the voxels are divided into several groups based on their luminance distributions so that they can be displayed in a time-division manner. Is for. The reason for adding one random phase and one random shift amount to each voxel in step E is to prevent the generated voxel from becoming a secondary voxel once again as a point light source and generating unnecessary noise. is there. Steps F to I determine the amount of complex amplitude adjustment required for each point light source since voxels of each group are generated. Step J supplements the initial phase and initial amplitude of each point light source and compensates for the additional phase generated by the amplitude adjuster to obtain the final amplitude adjustment amount and the phase adjustment amount compensation each point light source requires. Is for. In consideration of the laser brightness, the final amplitude adjustment amount required for each point light source needs to be multiplied by one proportional factor, and this factor is assumed to be 1 for easy understanding. In step K, a driving voltage is applied to each amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster to cause each point light source to generate the final amplitude adjustment amount and the phase adjustment amount. After step K is completed, a set of voxels appears at a predetermined position in the air. Step L is for time division display of all Q sets of voxels.

  Comparing the present invention with the method shown in the invention patent (Patent Document 1), the present invention makes it possible to obtain a better image contrast by increasing the space division method and the time division method. In addition, since the present invention adds a random phase and a random shift amount to each voxel, generation of secondary noise voxels is suppressed. Further, according to the present invention, compensation is performed for the position of each voxel, so that all the different voxels in the near and far directions reach a predetermined luminance. Furthermore, the present invention performs phase compensation and the like on an amplitude adjuster employing a photoelectric material.

Claims (11)

A stereoscopic image forming method using a planar optical waveguide circuit,
A, a planar optical waveguide circuit is designed and created, coherent light emitted from a coherent light source is converted into a two-dimensional point light source array, and the position of each point light source in the two-dimensional light source array has a random distribution, an amplitude adjuster for performing independent adjustment on the amplitude and phase of each point light source for each point light source in the planar optical waveguide circuit at the same time as the position of the _p-th point light source; Design and manufacture a phase adjuster,
B, measuring and recording the first amplitude A _p-0 and the first phase Φ _p-0 of each point light source generated in step A when the drive voltage of each amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster becomes zero When,
Principles and C, discretizing the three-dimensional image should be displayed, with the position and intensity of each voxel, the amplitude A _v of each voxel is provided with square root of the brightness, to lower from the side luminance is high Divide all voxels into Q pairs based on
D, selecting a set of voxels in step C;
E, for each voxel in the set of voxels selected in step D, one random deviation amount is added to the position, and the random deviation amount is smaller than the average interval between adjacent voxels before the deviation. together, the steps of: imparting a random phase, to obtain the final position r _v and the phase [Phi _v of each voxel,
F, selecting one voxel v in step E;
G, for each point light source p generated in step A, if the light cone radiating it covers the voxel v selected in step F, the distance | r _p −r _v | calculated, setting the phase adjustment amount of the point light source based on the distance, the phase when the light wave emitted from the point light source p reaches the voxel v, the phase [Phi _v set in step E, at the same time, the the amplitude adjustment amount of the point light source distance _| r _p -r v | set and that is directly proportional to the multiplication of the amplitude a _v of the voxel v, the complex amplitude adjustment amount by comprehensively the phase adjustment amount and amplitude adjustment amount, voxels If v is located in front of the secondary point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should produce in order to generate the voxel v is

Displayed by equation (1),
In Equation (1), P is the number of all point light sources that participate in generating voxel v,
If the voxel v is located behind the two-dimensional point light source array, the complex amplitude adjustment amount that the point light source p should generate in order to generate the voxel v is

Steps to display in
H, repeating steps F through G for all voxels included in the set of voxels selected in step D;
I, for each point light source p generated at step A, based on the complex amplitude superposition principle, the complex amplitude adjustment amount A _p that the point light source p obtained at step D to step H should generate to generate the voxel v and accumulate the _-v, to obtain a total complex amplitude adjustment amount a _p required to point source p to generate the V voxels in total, i.e.,

And a step that is
J, to the point light sources p generated in step A, by dividing the total amplitude adjustment amount A _p that is determined in step I the first amplitude A _p-0 of the point light sources determined in step B, point light source The final amplitude phase adjustment amount A _pF = A _p / A _{p-0 is} obtained, and the initial phase Φ _p-0 of the point light source determined in step B from the total phase adjustment amount Φ _p determined in step I _is obtained. And subtracting the additional phase increase Φ _p-A caused by the final amplitude adjustment amount A _p-F generated by the amplitude adjuster of the point light source p to obtain the final phase adjustment amount Φ _p−F = Φ of the point light source obtaining _p −Φ _p−0 −Φ _p−A ;
K, based on the final amplitude phase adjustment amount _Ap-F and the final phase adjustment amount Φp _-F of each point light source determined in step J, the amplitude adjuster and the phase adjuster are driven, and the final light source is supplied to each point light source. Generating an amplitude phase adjustment amount and a phase adjustment amount;
L, repeating steps D to K for all Q sets of voxels determined in step C;
A three-dimensional image forming method using a planar optical waveguide circuit. A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit that realizes the stereoscopic image forming method according to claim 1,
It is composed of a coherent light source, a planar optical waveguide circuit, a conductive glass front plate, and a back drive circuit, and the conductive glass front plate and the back drive circuit each cover both sides of the planar optical waveguide circuit. The circuit includes an optical waveguide main line and N optical waveguide branch lines, the optical waveguide main line receives light waves emitted from the coherent light source, and the N optical waveguide branch lines are distributed along the optical waveguide main line,
Each optical waveguide branch line is composed of a coupler, an amplitude adjuster, a phase adjuster, and a vertical diverter that are sequentially connected and integrated, and the coupler is coupled to a part of optical energy from the optical waveguide main line, The back drive circuit drives the amplitude adjuster and phase adjuster, couples to the optical waveguide branch line, adjusts the amplitude and phase for the advancing light wave, sends it to the vertical diverter, and changes the direction with the vertical diverter After that, radiate perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide circuit, generate one point light source, and install the position of the vertical diverter so that the position of the generated point light source is randomly distributed,
The coupler employs a directional coupler or a ring resonator coupler,
The phase adjuster is a single-mode optical waveguide made of a photoelectric material in one stage, the refractive index of the photoelectric material is modified by the back drive circuit, and the phase of the light wave is modified,
The vertical diverter includes two types of a first vertical diverter and a second vertical diverter, and the first vertical diverter includes a microplanar reflector, and the microplanar reflector A three-dimensional image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit characterized in that an angle between the reflection surface of the planar optical waveguide circuit and the planar optical waveguide circuit is 45 °. A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2,
The optical waveguide main line (6) has a serial arrangement or a parallel arrangement, and the optical waveguide main line (6) adopting the serial arrangement is composed of one or three optical waveguides, and the one or three optical waveguides are A three-dimensional image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit, wherein the entire planar optical waveguide circuit (2) is averaged and covered by a Z-type arrangement or a helical arrangement method. A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2 or 3,
The optical waveguide main line (6) adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and a Y-type beam splitter (8) or a star coupler (9).
The parallel optical waveguide array covers the entire planar optical waveguide circuit (2) on average,
A planar optical waveguide circuit characterized in that light waves radiated from a coherent light source (1) are averaged and distributed to each optical waveguide in a parallel optical waveguide array by a Y-type beam splitter (8) or a star coupler (9). 3D image forming apparatus. A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2 or 3,
The optical waveguide main line (6) adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and one linear optical waveguide perpendicular to the parallel optical waveguide array, and each optical waveguide of the parallel optical waveguide array includes one ring resonator (10). ) To couple with a straight optical waveguide,
The parallel optical waveguide array covers the entire planar optical waveguide (2) on average,
The linear optical waveguide receives the three primary color light waves emitted from the coherent light source (1), designs the structural parameters of each ring resonator (10), and transmits the three primary color light waves transferred to the linear optical waveguide in different parallel optical waveguide arrays. A three-dimensional image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit, which is sequentially coupled to each other. A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2 or 3,
The optical waveguide main line (6) adopting the parallel arrangement includes one parallel optical waveguide array and three linear optical waveguides, and the parallel optical waveguide array and the three linear optical waveguides are perpendicular to each other, and two Each of the optical waveguides of the parallel optical waveguide array is coupled to one of the three linear optical waveguides in order by the directional coupler (11), and is parallel to each other. The optical waveguide array covers the entire planar optical waveguide circuit (2) on average,
The three linear optical waveguides respectively receive the three primary color light waves emitted from the coherent light source (1), design the structural parameters of each directional coupler, and parallelize the three primary color light waves transferred to the three parallel linear optical waveguides. A three-dimensional image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit, wherein the optical waveguide array is sequentially coupled to different optical waveguides. A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2,
The amplitude adjuster (13) is composed of a first input single-mode optical waveguide (16) and a first output single-mode optical waveguide (17) that are provided adjacent to each other and parallel to each other. A part of the first input single mode optical waveguide (16) or the first output single mode optical waveguide (17) is made of a photoelectric material,
The back drive circuit modifies the refractive index of the photoelectric material, thereby modifying the coupling coefficient between the first input single mode optical waveguide (16) and the first output single mode optical waveguide (17). A three-dimensional image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit, wherein the amplitude of a light wave output from one output single mode optical waveguide (17) is modified. A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2,
The amplitude adjuster (20) is composed of a second input single mode optical waveguide (23), a second output single mode optical waveguide (24), and an annular single mode optical waveguide (18). (18) is located between the second input single-mode optical waveguide (23) and the second output single-mode optical waveguide (24), and the annular single-mode optical waveguide (18) is made of a photoelectric material. The light wave transferred to the second input single-mode optical waveguide (23) is coupled to the second noodle-mode optical waveguide (24) by the annular single-mode optical waveguide (18), and the refraction of the photoelectric material is performed by the back drive circuit. By changing the rate, the second input single mode optical waveguide (23) and the second output single mode optical waveguide (24) Coupling factor between the modified stereoscopic image forming apparatus that uses the planar lightwave circuit, wherein modifying the amplitude of the light wave output from the second output single-mode optical waveguide (24). A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2,
The second vertical diverter (22) is composed of one surface raster (27), and the structural parameters of the surface raster (27) are designed so that the light wave output from the phase adjuster (14) is 90 °. A three-dimensional image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit characterized in that, after being deflected, it radiates outwards perpendicularly to the planar optical waveguide (2). A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2 or 9,
The transparent conductive glass front plate (3) is composed of transparent flat glass on which a metal conductive film (26) is deposited, and the metal conductive film (26) is deposited on the side adjacent to the planar optical waveguide circuit (2). N transparent small holes (28) are etched in the metal conductive film (26),
Each translucent small hole is precisely aligned with one first or second vertical turner and is located directly in front of the first or second vertical turner, the first or second A three-dimensional image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit, characterized in that a light wave radiated from a vertical diverter can pass through the conductive glass front plate (3). A stereoscopic image forming apparatus using the planar optical waveguide circuit according to claim 2,
A microlens array plate (29) is provided in front of the conductive glass front plate (3), and structural parameters of each microlens are designed so that it covers two or more point light sources. A three-dimensional image forming apparatus using a planar optical waveguide circuit.

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