CN112394512A - Head-mounted display device - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
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Abstract
The present invention provides a head-mounted display device, including: the display screen is a monochromatic or multicolor organic light-emitting display screen with good light transmission, and can see real scenery through the display screen in an unlighted or lighted state; the image conversion optical device converts an image generated by the display screen to a visible distance of human eyes and comprises one or more layers of micro-lens arrays, wherein one micro-lens of each micro-lens array corresponds to one or more pixels in the display screen. The image production system is a virtual-real fusion device, and can realize the light weight of a head-mounted display scheme; in the 3D display scheme of the device, the nano structures of the left and right light field lenses are distributed and symmetrical, and a virtual scene generated between the left and right light field lenses has parallax, so that a binocular parallax effect is formed, and the binocular parallax effect accords with the observation habit of human eyes; the invention has the advantages of less device units, simple structure and low manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of virtual display and enhanced display, and particularly relates to a helmet-type 3D display device integrating image generation and visual lenses.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) technology is a new technology for seamlessly integrating real world information and virtual world information, and is characterized in that entity information (visual information, sound, taste, touch and the like) which is difficult to experience in a certain time and space range of the real world originally is overlapped after being simulated through scientific technologies such as computers, virtual information is applied to the real world and is perceived by human senses, so that the sensory experience beyond the reality is achieved. The real environment and the virtual object are superimposed on the same picture or space in real time and exist simultaneously. Among the features of the AR system: the difficulty of display technology is to add virtual object positioning in the three-dimensional space.
Most of the existing display modes realize head-mounted AR display by combining an image generation system and a virtual-real fusion lens.
US patent application US20150016777a1 discloses a display device using light arrays for image generation and light diffracting devices and planar waveguides for virtual and real scene fusion. The virtual-real fused lens comprises a multilayer waveguide structure and a diffraction device array. The optical fiber fast scanning device is combined with optical fiber fast scanning, the diffraction waveguide device converts the illumination light into an emergent light field, and a single imaging point is formed on the retina of a human eye. By changing the input angle of the illumination light beam entering the waveguide and the position of the scanning point of the illumination light beam, the waveguide outputs light fields with different exit angles and different diffusion angles, and the changed light fields form light spots scanned at high speed on a retina and form a 3D image.
US7457040B2 discloses an optical waveguide device for three-dimensional display. The described optical waveguide device includes a partially-reflecting microprism array, and the image coupled in the waveguide and propagated by means of total reflection is passed through microprism array, and partially reflected and fed into human eye so as to implement virtual-real image fusion function. The optical waveguide device is combined with a micro-projection image generation optical system, so that a head-mounted display function can be realized.
In summary, the above patents all adopt an image generation system to generate a virtual image, and then implement AR display by a method of a virtual-real fusion device. The two-part design makes the AR display device have larger volume and larger weight, and is not beneficial to popularization and promotion of the AR display device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated AR display device, wherein an image generation system is a virtual-real fusion device, and the lightweight of a head-mounted display scheme can be realized.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a head-mounted display device including:
a display screen: the display screen is a monochromatic or multicolor organic light-emitting display screen with good light transmission, and can see real scenery through the display screen in an unlit or lit state;
image conversion light device: and converting the image generated by the display screen to a human visual distance, wherein the image comprises one or more layers of micro-lens arrays, and one micro-lens of each micro-lens array corresponds to one or more pixels in the display screen.
In some embodiments, the display screen displays virtual information, light of the virtual information forms a converging wave surface through the micro lens, at least one converging point is formed in front of human eyes as a viewpoint, and real information is projected into the human eyes from the other side of the display screen, so that the virtual information and the real world information are fused.
In some embodiments, the pixels of the display screen are monochrome or color arrays.
In some embodiments, the image conversion light device further includes a light shielding array located between the microlens array and the display screen, the light shielding array is provided with a plurality of openings corresponding to the microlenses, and an irradiation area of an emergent light emitted from each opening of the light shielding array is not larger than a size of the corresponding microlens.
In some embodiments, the image-converting optical device further comprises a functional film covering the microlens, the functional film covering an area corresponding to at least 6 ° to 8 ° around the visual axis.
In some embodiments, the functional film is an antireflection film, and the thickness of the antireflection film is uniform or continuously changed to make the emergent light uniform.
In some embodiments, the functional film is a nano-grating array film, the light of the virtual information enters the nano-grating array of the nano-grating array film through the micro-lens, the nano-grating film is a new light field constructed based on a nano-structure of a diffraction effect, and an enlarged virtual image is formed after a light path is changed.
In some embodiments, the calculation formula of the nano-grating array period and the orientation angle of the nano-grating array film is as follows:
tanφ1＝sinφ/(cosφ-n sinθ(Λ/λ))
sin2(θ1)＝(λ/Λ)2+(n sinθ)2-2n sinθcosφ(λ/Λ)
the incident light is incident to an XY plane of the nano grating array at a certain angle, theta 1 and phi 1 sequentially represent diffraction angles and azimuth angles of the diffracted light, the diffraction angles are included angles between the diffracted light and the positive direction of a z axis, the azimuth angles are included angles between the diffracted light and the positive direction of an x axis, theta and lambda sequentially represent incident angles and wavelengths of the incident light, the incident angles are included angles between the incident light and the positive direction of the z axis, lambda and phi sequentially represent periods and orientation angles of the nano grating array, the orientation angles are included angles between a groove shape direction of the nano grating array and the positive direction of the y axis, and n represents a refractive index of the incident light in the nano grating array.
In some embodiments, the nano-grating structure of the nano-grating array film is a blazed grating or a tilted grating.
In some embodiments, the microlens array includes a primary microlens array and a secondary microlens array arranged in parallel, the microlenses in the primary microlens array correspond to the microlenses in the secondary microlens array in a one-to-one manner, and the radius of curvature of the microlenses in the primary microlens array is greater than that of the microlenses in the secondary microlens array.
In some embodiments, a dioptric array is disposed between the primary lens array and the secondary lens array,
or a shading array is arranged between the primary micro-transparent array and the display screen.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the image production system is a virtual-real fusion device, and can realize the light weight of a head-mounted display scheme; in the 3D display scheme of the device, the nano structures of the left and right light field lenses are distributed and symmetrical, and a virtual scene generated between the left and right light field lenses has parallax, so that a binocular parallax effect is formed, and the binocular parallax effect accords with the observation habit of human eyes; the invention has the advantages of less device units, simple structure and low manufacturing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the structure of a human eye;
FIG. 2 is a cone cell distribution diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a head-mounted display device according to a first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of a head-mounted display device according to a second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4b is a diagram of an application of a head-mounted display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a head-mounted display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6a is a schematic structural diagram of a head-mounted display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6b is a diagram of an application of a head-mounted display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a nanograting device of a head-mounted display device in an XY plane according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a nanograting device of a head-mounted display device in a XZ plane according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of a structure of a blazed grating of a head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9b is a schematic diagram of a tilted grating of a head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10a is a schematic structural diagram of a head-mounted display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10b is an application diagram of a head-mounted display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the human eye 1 is approximately spherical, and the tissues having the optical imaging function are a cornea 102 and a crystalline lens 103. The retina 104 is located at the posterior end of the eye and is the first station of neural information transfer for visual development. The cones on the retina are the major photosensitive neurons, pointing towards the end point on the visual axis. As shown in FIG. 2, the cone cells are highly heterogeneous, most densely distributed in the central fovea 105 of the macula, and distributed in small amounts elsewhere in the retina. Thus, the central recess is the most visually acute area, with a diameter of about 1-3 mm. The visual field of human eyes can reach 150 degrees, but the range of clearly observing objects at the same time is only 6 degrees to 8 degrees around the visual axis. The invention fully considers the cone cell distribution characteristics, designs the pixel distribution of each visual angle and achieves the optimization of visual experience.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a head-mounted display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the head-mounted display device includes a display screen 13 and an image conversion optical device. The display 13 is a monochromatic or multicolor organic light emitting display with good light transmittance, that is, a self-luminous Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display. The image conversion light device includes a microlens array 12.
The display 13 displays virtual information, and the light of the virtual information forms a convergent wave surface through the micro-lens array 12, and forms at least one convergent point, namely a viewpoint, in front of the eye 1. The eyes should be located in the viewing area behind the viewpoint so that the human eyes are in a relaxed and comfortable state when viewing the virtual object. The natural scenery emits diffuse reflection light to the periphery, the real world information is directly projected into human eyes from the other side of the OLED display screen and imaged through a cornea and a crystalline lens, and therefore the virtual information is fused with the real world information. The pixels 131 in the OLED display may be a monochrome array or a color array, as required. The microlens array 12 and the pixels 131 may be in one-to-one correspondence or one-to-many correspondence, and the ultimate purpose is to project light to a distance visible to the human eye.
In view of the symmetric light emission of the OLED, in the second embodiment, a light shielding array 2 may be added between the microlens array 12 and the display 13 to prevent crosstalk, as shown in fig. 4a, the light shielding array 2 has a plurality of openings, part of the light is transmitted through the openings, and the rest of the light is absorbed or reflected by the light shielding array. The purpose of the light blocking array is to make the emergent light irradiation area not larger than the size of the corresponding single microlens, thereby preventing the emergent light from irradiating on the adjacent microlens.
As shown in FIG. 4b, the use of the microlens array 12 results in uneven intensity of the emergent light, with a bright center and a dark periphery. Moreover, the light rays passing through the microlenses have more or less some distortion, and after being focused by the microlens array, the focal points are not uniformly distributed any more, but are shifted from the ideal focal points, so that the effect of the virtual image 14 observed by human eyes is influenced. In the third embodiment, a functional thin film may be added on the microlens in order to make the outgoing light uniform, eliminate distortion, and enhance the three-dimensional display effect. The functional film may cover the entire lens or a portion of the lens. As can be seen from fig. 2, although the field of vision of the human eye can reach 150 °, the range in which an object can be observed clearly at the same time is only 6 ° to 8 ° around the visual axis, and therefore the functional film only needs to cover this region.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a head-mounted display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, a functional film 3 is added on the microlens array 12, where the functional film 3 may be an antireflection film, and functions to reduce the intensity of reflected light, thereby increasing the intensity of transmitted light, and making a virtual image 14 imaged by an optical system clearer. The antireflection film can cover the whole curved surface of the micro-lens, or only cover the periphery or the middle part of each curved surface of the micro-lens. The thickness of the antireflection film may be constant or may be continuously varied as desired, or even in some regions, the antireflection film may be absent.
In the fourth embodiment, the nanograting array film 4 may be used instead of the functional film 3 to implement the above functions, and the nanograting array film 4 may also be used to implement the functions of enlarging a virtual image and enlarging a field of view, as shown in fig. 6a and 6 b. The display screen 13 displays virtual information, light of the virtual information enters the nano-grating array film 4 through the micro-lens array 12, and a virtual image, namely a virtual image 14, is formed in front of the eyes 1 after the light path is changed. The natural scenery emits diffuse reflection light to the periphery, and real world information is directly projected into human eyes from the other side of the OLED display screen to be imaged through a cornea and a crystalline lens, so that the information on the display screen is fused with actual information. Because the visual angle is enlarged, human eyes are difficult to perceive the scene fused with the virtual object and the real scene when observing the scene fused with the virtual object and the real scene, and the experience is more real.
Wherein, the nano-grating array film 4 is a new optical field constructed by a nano-structure based on diffraction effect. The individual nanostructures interact with the light, changing its phase. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 and 8 are structural views of a diffraction grating having a structure scale in the nanometer order in XY plane and XZ plane. According to the grating equation, the period and the orientation angle of the nano-grating 101 satisfy the following relations:
tanφ1＝sinφ/(cosφ-n sinθ(Λ/λ))
sin2(θ1)＝(λ/Λ)2+(n sinθ)2-2n sinθcosφ(λ/Λ)
wherein the light is incident on the XY plane at an angle θ1And phi1Sequentially represents the diffraction angle of the diffracted light 202 (the angle between the diffracted light and the positive direction of the z axis) and the azimuth angle of the diffracted light 202 (the angle between the diffracted light and the positive direction of the x axis), sequentially represents the incident angle (the angle between the incident light and the positive direction of the z axis) and the wavelength of the light source 201, and sequentially represents the period and the orientation angle (the groove-shaped direction) of the nano-grating 101Included angle with positive y-axis direction), n represents refractive index of light wave in the medium. In other words, after the wavelength and the angle of incidence of the incident light and the diffraction angle and the diffraction azimuth angle of the diffracted light are specified, the period and the orientation angle of the nano-grating can be calculated by the above two formulas. For example, 650nm wavelength red light is incident at an angle of 60 °, the diffraction angle of the light is 10 °, the diffraction azimuth angle is 45 °, and the corresponding nano diffraction grating period is 550nm and the orientation angle is-5.96 ° by calculation.
The nano-grating structure may be a blazed grating, as in fig. 9a, or a tilted grating, as in fig. 9 b. The period and orientation of the nano grating structure continuously change along with the relative position of the micro lens and the visual axis, and the regulation and the transformation of the optical field can be realized. By designing a proper blaze angle or tilt angle, the blaze grating or the tilt grating can transfer most of the energy of zero-order diffracted light to a required secondary level, namely, the light energy in an area with over-high light intensity is transferred to an area with under-high light intensity. Therefore, after a nano blazed grating or a nano inclined grating with continuously changed orientation angle and period set according to requirements is added into the image conversion optical device, an amplified field of view with uniform light intensity can be obtained theoretically.
In the fifth embodiment, a plurality of groups of microlens arrays may be used to achieve the function of enlarging the viewing angle, as shown in fig. 10a and 10 b. The display screen 13 displays virtual information; the shading array 2 absorbs and blocks incident light of a non-corresponding area; the primary micro-lens array 12 divides the virtual information to realize the convergence of the incident light; the light rays enter the secondary microlens array 5 to form at least one point of convergence, i.e., a viewpoint, in front of the eye 1. The natural scenery emits diffuse reflection light to the periphery, and real world information is directly projected into human eyes from the other side of the OLED display screen to be imaged through a cornea and a crystalline lens, so that the information on the display screen is fused with actual information. A dioptric array can also be added between the primary lens array 5 and the secondary lens array 6, and the function of the dioptric array is the same as that of the shading array 2. Antireflection films can be added on the primary lens array 5 and the secondary lens array 6. The curvature radius of the micro-lenses in the primary micro-lens array 5 is larger than that of the micro-lenses in the secondary micro-lens array 6, so that the focal length is shortened, the virtual image 14 is enlarged, the field angle is increased, and the virtual-real fusion effect is enhanced.
The light field lens in the invention is a single whole or two light field lenses which are respectively designed corresponding to a left eyeball and a right eyeball; according to the binocular parallax characteristic, corresponding viewpoints of the left eye and the right eye are matched on a single integral light field lens or a left light field lens and a right light field lens.
As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, including not only those elements listed, but also other elements not expressly listed.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (11)
1. A head-mounted display device, comprising:
a display screen: the display screen is a monochromatic or multicolor organic light-emitting display screen with good light transmission, and can see real scenery through the display screen in an unlit or lit state;
image conversion light device: and converting the image generated by the display screen to a human visual distance, wherein the image comprises one or more layers of micro-lens arrays, and one micro-lens of each micro-lens array corresponds to one or more pixels in the display screen.
2. The head-mounted display device of claim 1, wherein the display screen displays virtual information, light of the virtual information forms a converging wave surface through the micro-lens, at least one converging point is formed in front of human eyes as a viewpoint, and real information is projected into the human eyes from the other side of the display screen to fuse the virtual information and the real world information.
3. The head-mounted display device of claim 1, wherein the pixels of the display screen are monochrome or color arrays.
4. The head-mounted display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the image conversion light device further comprises a light shielding array, the light shielding array is located between the microlens array and the display screen, the light shielding array is provided with a plurality of openings, the openings correspond to the microlenses, and an irradiation area of emergent light rays emitted from each opening of the light shielding array is not larger than the size of the corresponding microlens.
5. The head-mounted display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image-converting light device further comprises a functional film covering the microlenses, the functional film covering an area corresponding to at least 6 ° to 8 ° around the visual axis.
6. The head-mounted display device according to claim 5, wherein the functional film is an antireflection film, and the thickness of the antireflection film is uniformly or continuously changed to make the emergent light uniform.
7. The head-mounted display device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the functional film is a nano-grating array film, the light of the virtual information enters the nano-grating array of the nano-grating array film through the micro-lens, the nano-grating film is a new light field constructed based on the nano-structure of the diffraction effect, and the enlarged virtual image is formed after the light path is changed.
8. The head-mounted display device according to claim 7, wherein the calculation formula of the nano-grating array period and the orientation angle of the nano-grating array film is as follows:
tanφ1＝sinφ/(cosφ-n sinθ(Λ/λ))
sin2(θ1)＝(λ/Λ)2+(n sinθ)2-2n sinθcosφ(λ/Λ)
the incident light is incident to an XY plane of the nano grating array at a certain angle, theta 1 and phi 1 sequentially represent diffraction angles and azimuth angles of the diffracted light, the diffraction angles are included angles between the diffracted light and the positive direction of a z axis, the azimuth angles are included angles between the diffracted light and the positive direction of an x axis, theta and lambda sequentially represent incident angles and wavelengths of the incident light, the incident angles are included angles between the incident light and the positive direction of the z axis, lambda and phi sequentially represent periods and orientation angles of the nano grating array, the orientation angles are included angles between a groove shape direction of the nano grating array and the positive direction of the y axis, and n represents a refractive index of the incident light in the nano grating array.
9. The head-mounted display device according to claim 7, wherein the nano-grating structure of the nano-grating array film is a blazed grating or a tilted grating.
10. The head-mounted display device according to claim 1, wherein the microlens array comprises a primary microlens array and a secondary microlens array which are arranged in parallel, the microlenses in the primary microlens array correspond to the microlenses in the secondary microlens array in a one-to-one manner, and the radius of curvature of the microlenses in the primary microlens array is larger than that of the microlenses in the secondary microlens array.
11. The head-mounted display device according to claim 10, wherein a dioptric array is provided between the primary lens array and the secondary lens array,
or a shading array is arranged between the primary micro-transparent array and the display screen.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112859347A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-05-28 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Near-to-eye display device and wearable equipment |
| CN114114478A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-01 | 深圳市雕拓科技有限公司 | Transparent optical element and method for adjusting light field to penetrate through transparent optical element |
| CN114173108A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-03-11 | 合肥京东方光电科技有限公司 | Control method and device of 3D display panel, computer equipment and storage medium |
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