JP2016503860A - Mechanism for generating electrical energy by dropping weight elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The mechanism for generating electrical energy by dropping the weight element, identified by the reference symbol “M”, is characterized in using the kinetic energy of the following weight element (7). That is, the weight element (7) descends while accelerating by gravity and reaches a stop (12) that moves the transmission arm (13), which is connected to a clutch (16) positioned on the spring (25); The weight element (7) is captured by a pneumatic actuator attached to a fixed base (2) having an outer guide rod (5) and an inner guide rod (6) connected to the cradle (8); a movable base An electromagnet (4) connected to (3) and supported by a fixed base (1) is used to capture the weight element. In the case of a mass to be lifted, the weight element (7A) is directly coupled to the actuator rod using a single action actuator (1A) to raise it to the height at which it is released. In the lower position, on the support element for the generating unit (26), the arm (twent around the rotor shaft (24) having a pin (14), a disk-like mass (27) of low rotational inertial motion ( 17), there is a guide structure (16) with a clutch (16) consisting of a lock (18) and a lock base (19), and a bearing (23); to operate the generator (20), an elastic coupling ( The movement is accelerated by the gearbox (21) connected by 22); there is also an air circuit that creates an air flow from the main tank (31) to the dual action actuator (1) or single action actuator (1A). Yes, it uses an air amplifier (32) to double its speed of movement for re-entry into the main tank (31) Directly connecting the tank to be transferred to the main tank (31) (2), the discharge is; in the case of discharge, the circuit also has compensation compressor (30).

Description

  This specification is specifically designed for use in generating mechanical energy provided by raising and lowering a weight element, which can then be used to operate a device for generating electrical energy. The present invention relates to a patent application proposing a machine developed in the past.

  As is generally known, the generation of energy, especially electrical energy, is based on a variety of widely used principles, including hydropower, thermal power, solar, wind, geothermal, solar, ocean and nuclear power generation. obtain.

The energy gained by using the hydropower principle is one of the most popular, and damming the river creates a large lake where water can be stored, and the water is released by level differences. Then, when the turbine is rotated, the generator is directly operated.
Hydroelectric generators are a relatively simple way to get energy, but with some drawbacks, one of which is a large area that can be flooded, affecting the environment, Need to move out and move.

Thermal power generators are another type of energy generation that is very popular, where fuel (which can be gas, coal, diesel oil, etc.) is burned in a boiler and heats steam directed to the turbine. To produce through. The rotation of the turbine is then used to operate the generator, converting the mechanical force provided by the turbine into useful electrical energy.
Although relatively inexpensive compared to hydroelectric generators, thermal power plants are associated with a series of negative factors: a) the need for a constant fuel supply; b) the fuel itself used Serious environmental impacts due to early stages of production activities (mining in the case of mineral coal, exploration in the case of oil, deforestation in the case of burning plant materials); c) burning coal and oil in particular Includes environmental impacts due to the production of pollutants and greenhouse gases that are released to the atmosphere in the case of plants, and d) negative contributions to environmental changes in terms of promoting phenomena such as acid rain .

Solar energy is in the use of solar panels, which are made of a coating film that produces a correspondingly small current when exposed to sunlight, and the current accumulates in a battery group, or Can be used directly.
Despite being clean and renewable, solar energy also has several drawbacks: a) Due to the low efficiency of solar panels, it has a large area for efficient mass production of useful energy. B) high production costs of panels that can adopt high quality materials; c) reliance on weather conditions, especially mostly sunny weather; d) can be generated at night or on cloudy days Includes things that cannot be done.

Wind energy is also a clean and renewable type of energy, and recently there has been a significant increase in usage. Modern use of wind energy has necessitated the creation of large plants, typically called wind parks or wind firms. There, some wind turbines in the area are installed and connected to a centralized electrical network that receives and distributes the energy normally produced to supply small spaces.
Modern wind turbines have rotors (usually with three blades) that are more than 100 meters in diameter and the mechanical assembly of the wind turbine must be installed on a tower that can be tens of meters high Considering that it is not uncommon, it is a complex and expensive machine that requires careful production.
When viewed in this way, despite its clean and clearly positive aspects, wind energy also has drawbacks: a) high production costs of wind turbines; b) professionalism in these productions C) high cost of installing and maintaining wind parks; d) wise investigation of installation sites considering equipment that depends on wind patterns; e) equipment that can be made in remote locations Includes the generation of noise resulting from rotor rotation, which necessitates installation.

Geothermal energy is another type of clean and renewable energy, which is based on the use of specific geological conditions, ie the presence of hot springs. A hot spring is an upwelling of heat from the center of the earth that is closer to the surface due to the specification of geological formation.
The use of geothermal energy involves the construction of complex equipment, the purpose of which is to pump up groundwater, where it is stored all the way until it emits steam under pressure and is directly connected to the respective generator 1 Or collected, passed, and utilized directly to operate two or more turbines.
Geothermal energy has a vast list of advantages because it constitutes a cheap way to produce electrical energy independent of specific climatic conditions. A drawback associated with the use of geothermal energy is that its installation depends on specific and relatively rare geological conditions. Another negative aspect is the initial cost of plant establishment, and its operation and maintenance by professional personnel.

The use of pure solar energy (as opposed to solar energy) is a relatively unexplored energy source that has motorization that allows it to be kept in line with the sun. Basically, the creation of a plant built with a large number of heliostats, which are large automated mirrors. This directs and projects solar light onto a heat exchanger that is installed on a high tower in the center of the area usually covered by a heliostat.
The tower to which the heat exchanger is attached is usually a large concrete structure, several tens of meters high, with a niche at the top where the heat exchanger is exposed. The concentration provided by the heliostat results in heating the heat exchanger to several hundred degrees Celsius, which also causes heating of the oil circulating within it. On top of that, it is sent to other heat exchangers where the heat is transferred directly to the boiler generating steam under high pressure and temperature. The heat produced is then used to operate the turbine, which in turn operates the generator.
A few solar plants operating according to the above principles generate energy in a clean and renewable specification, but have drawbacks just as observed in relation to solar plants, for example: a) them Depends on climatic conditions (clear weather); b) they do not produce energy at night; c) their installation and maintenance is expensive; d) with respect to maintenance, the mirrored surface is also soiled and Once efficiency is reduced to the point where it accumulates other materials or contaminants, special care is also required in cleaning the heliostat.

The reality is that the use of the ocean as a source for energy generation is still in the development stage and has a series of different solutions. One of these solutions consists in building a rock wall that terminates in the ocean, where a vertical tube (usually made of concrete) has an upper end usually called Wells turbines, where With one or more rotors attached to, while having an opening below the semi-submersible. A Wells turbine is a unique type of turbine that can be actuated by air flow arriving at it from either of two directions in relation to its axis. And Wells turbines can be operated by air flow in one direction, and by air flow in the opposite direction, while the turbine rotor always rotates in the same direction in any case.
The application of Wells turbines in ocean-based energy generation units is made possible by the fact that a constant water flow of waves causes water to enter the openings below the tubes where the Wells turbines are installed.
The entry of water through the tube opening causes a displacement of the air in the tube that forces the air to rise, and this upward movement causes the turbine rotor to turn. The next moment when the ocean moves backwards, the volume of water in the lower part of the tube decreases, thus creating a low pressure condition that draws ambient air through the tube and through the turbine rotor. Air entering through the tube also activates the turbine, and this air flow inflow and outflow cycle keeps the Wells turbine in constant rotation. The rotation of the Wells turbine is utilized to facilitate the operation of the generator and produces a large amount of energy that can be exploited.

Another way in which energy from the ocean, which has been investigated, can be used is to take advantage of rising tides by directing seawater into large reservoirs (small swamps) at the surface level. Water enters and exits this reservoir through a single field where the turbine is attached. Thus, when tidal water rises and enters the reservoir, it passes through the turbine and causes its rotation. When the tide recedes, the water leaves the reservoir and thus also activates the turbine. Thus, energy is generated both when the tide rises and when it recedes.
Despite environmental attraction, this type of solution depends on the characteristics and uniqueness of the site, taking into account that a small swamp exists or must be created. On the other hand, the energy generated is a direct result of the ratio of the volume of moving water when both tidal water enters and exits. Therefore, there is no way to extend the potential for occurrence.

Nuclear energy is one of the many options considered in the prior art and is suspicious given the obvious demands for the production, handling and disposal of radioactive materials that pose overall serious environmental risks. Most controversial.
In a conventional nuclear power plant, a reactor loaded with radioactive material in the form of a fuel rod is used to cause the reaction and heat the water, which is part of the first circuit. Since it comes into direct contact with the core of the reactor, this water eventually becomes contaminated and therefore cannot be released to the environment, for which reason it circulates in a closed circuit and passes through the heat converter. The uncontaminated water then comes into contact with the thermal energy of the water from the first circuit. The water from the second, uncontaminated circuit is then heated to the point where it emits steam and, as soon as it is activated, is directed to the turbine that runs the generator.

Despite not relying on climatic factors, nuclear energy poses serious risks, all due to the nature of the materials that prepare it for operation. In view of this, and as already pointed out, the nuclear fuel used must first be properly stored as soon as the end of production, use and service life is reached. In the majority of today's plants, spent fuel rods (still very hot) have to be stored permanently in a water tank similar to a huge pool, where they can cool for a decade. Kept for a period.
On the other hand, nuclear power plants are required to use advanced technology to operate. Technology minimizes the possibility of an accident, but does not eliminate it.
Three Mile Island in the United States in 1979, Chernobyl in Ukraine in 1986, and the most recent 2011 Fukushima accident in Japan caused some of the high levels of risk associated with generating energy through nuclear power plants. It is an example. This is why there is resistance to the residents of a long list of countries who are afraid of possible accidents.

The mechanism for the generation of electrical energy by dropping the weight element, the subject of this patent application, will be understood in all its particularity through a detailed description with reference to the following figures.
FIG. 1 shows a general front view of the mechanism in question. FIG. 2 shows a general rear view of the mechanism in question. FIG. 3 is an enlarged detail illustrating all of the elements associated with the generation of mechanical energy due to the lowering of the weight element, more particularly the detail of the element correctly supported by its vertical guide and away from the electromagnet. Indicates.

FIG. 4 shows expanded details, more particularly details about the cradle, illustrating all of the elements associated with the generation of mechanical energy. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of all of the elements that make up the system for utilizing mechanical energy, with the element descending, implementing its transmission on a rotor shaft where rotational motion is utilized to produce electrical energy. Indicates. FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the upper part of the mechanical element that contributes to directly exploit the motion created by the lowering of the weight element due to the functionality of the mechanism discussed here. FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of the elements that contribute to transferring motion directly to the rotor shaft.

FIG. 8 shows an enlarged detail of the connection point between the transmission element and the rotor shaft. FIG. 9 shows enlarged details of all the elements that directly link the transmission of mechanical energy to electrical energy. FIG. 10 shows an enlarged detail of the support base of all the elements that are directly connected to the electrical energy generation unit. FIG. 11 shows an enlarged detail taken from FIG.

FIG. 12 shows an enlarged detail of the disk-shaped mass that contributes to preserve the first inertial movement of the rotor shaft. FIG. 13 shows a schematic view of a pneumatic actuator that contributes to ensuring the supply of compressed air to the mechanism in question according to a closed circuit. FIG. 14 shows an enlarged detail of the support structure of the element that contributes to the generation of mechanical energy. FIG. 15 shows an enlarged detail of a version using a single-action actuator system with an actuator rod mounted directly on the weight element.

  In view of the disadvantages encountered in the above energy generation system, the machine for generating electrical energy by dropping the weight element does not employ fuel combustion, natural resource utilization, solar energy utilization, nuclear materials, etc. Developed on the basis of autonomous principles.

  The proposed mechanism for generating electrical energy by dropping the weight element is based on the use of gravitational acceleration factors. It is exploited to induce the lowering of the weight element which is first lifted to the release height by natural means. This weight element is preferably represented by a metal sphere, but may have other geometric shapes.

Depending on the technical requirements, essentially the demand for force, by increasing the mass of the weight element, lifting there can be in the use of two different processes. In the first process, a dual-action actuator is used that exerts its force in two directions, and the magnetized electromagnet attached to the tip of the rod captures when the weight element rides on its cradle Can do. Once captured, the weight element is lifted to its release height that occurs through demagnetization of the electromagnet, allowing it to descend vertically in a free fall on the weight element cradle. In the process of using a single action actuator, the rod of the actuator is directly connected to the weight element. In this case, once actuated, the pneumatic actuator facilitates upward displacement of the weight element. As soon as the release height is reached, the actuator opens the quick-discharge valve and releases all the air so that the rod, along with the weight element, is vertical in free fall on the cradle. Makes it possible to go down.
The opening in the center of the cradle where the vertical transmission arm, which is then connected to the mechanical element, is located, utilizes the downward displacement of the weight element to produce mechanical energy.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The proposed mechanism for generating electrical energy by dropping weight elements ensures a constant rotation of the rotor shaft in a set of power cells. In order to ensure that it is possible to obtain alternating frequencies due to the lowering of various weight elements, it must be mounted with automatic control.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The mechanism for generating electrical energy by dropping a weight element, which constitutes the subject matter of this patent application, is characterized by its specifics through the detailed description given below with reference to the figures. Can be understood in all sex.

Claims (5)

A mechanism for the generation of electrical energy by dropping a weight element, said mechanism being designated with a reference symbol (M) and having an impact stop capable of generating mechanical movement (12) In order to impose it, it is characterized by adopting the kinetic energy of the descending weight element (7) accelerated by gravity, the mechanical movement being carried on the inside of the guide structure (16) by the pin (14) Aligned and transmitted to the vertical transmission arm (13), the pins align and transmit movement to the clutch (16) including the arm (17), lock (18) and lock base (19). And its elements help to obtain mechanical or binary torque on the rotor shaft (24);
The weight element (7) can be captured by an electromagnet (4), the captured movement being effected by a dual action compressed air actuator (1) provided by a pneumatic circuit, From the main tank (31) and then closed by an air amplifier (32) used to receive air in the circuit and force air into the main tank (31) from the connecting tank (29); The action actuator (1) or single action actuator (1A), once supplied with air, rises vertically with the support of the movable base (3) positioned under the fixed base (2);
Support or align the lowering of the weight elements (7) and (7A) on the cradle (8) supported by the support pins (9) positioned on the inner base (10); An electromagnet (4) can be used to attract the electromagnet (4) to the movable base (3) that moves with the support of the outer guide rod (5) aligned with the inner guide rod (6). Attached, the inner guide rod (6) serves to support the weight element (7) in a free-falling movement on the cradle (8), the lower part of the mechanism (M) is also the weight element (7) And a device intended to align the rotor shaft (24), ie the rotor shaft (24), which supports the loads and elements contributing to the rise and fall of (7A) and generates electrical energy. The set includes a set of reed bases (34) and the apparatus performs its rotational movement through the use of rollers or bearings (23) that are directly attached to the support in the generator unit (26), and the lower part of the mechanism (M) Further includes a disk-like mass (27) used to keep the low rotation inertial motion of the rotor shaft (27) constant, and this motion is transferred to the gearbox (21) by the elastic coupling (22). Communicated and accelerated to operate the generator (20);
On the lifted mass, the weight element can be connected directly to the rod (7A), the lift taking place as a result of the upward movement of the single action actuator (1A), which means that the air in the closed circuit Said mechanism performing a rapid discharge of air directly into the connecting tank (29) at the end of each cycle to allow it to be reused.   A dual mechanism is used to implement a downward movement to capture the weight element (7) using the electromagnet (4) and an upward movement to lift it to the release height. Lowering of the weight element (7) on the cradle (8), supported by a mechanism defined as a movable base (3) that includes an action compressed air actuator (1) and is positioned below the fixed base (2) The cradle is positioned by a support pin (9) attached to the inner base (10); the movable base (3) is aligned with the inner guide rod (6) It moves with the support of the external guide rod (5), which serves to support the lowering of the weight element (7) on the cradle (8); The construction further includes an upper base (2) on which a dual action pneumatic actuator (1) or a single action pneumatic actuator (1A) is mounted, which is used to lift the weight elements (7) and (7A) vertically A mechanism for generating electrical energy by dropping a weight element according to claim 1, characterized in that:   A weight element can be connected to the rod of the actuator (7A), have a geometric shape other than a sphere, and cannot be captured electromagnetically, a single action actuator (1A) A mechanism for generating electrical energy by dropping a weight element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is lifted only by the action of   The functionality of the mechanism (M) discussed here is defined such that when the weight element (7) is on the cradle (8), it is lifted to its release height, the operation of which (7) contributes to a dual action pneumatic actuator (1) that moves an electromagnet used to capture, or a single action actuator (1A) whose rod is connected to a weight element (7A); In the case of 1), when the maximum lifting point is reached, the movable base (3) is fixed, this step is the deactivation of the electromagnet (4) and the direct flow of air to the connecting tank (29) Occurring simultaneously with the programmed release, so the weight element (7) is accelerated by the force of gravity and is accelerated vertically downwards when descending. During its downward movement, the inner guide rod (6) supports the lowering of the weight element (7) directly into the cradle (8), initially at the stop (12). When it reaches, it transfers its kinetic energy; in the case of a single action actuator (1A), when the maximum lifting point is reached, air is discharged directly into the connecting tank (29) through the quick discharge valve, thus the rod of the actuator (7A) The weight element connected to the cradle (8) allows it to be accelerated and lowered by gravity directed to the cradle (8), where the weight element (7A) reaches the stop (12) and transfers its kinetic energy. And the electric energy by dropping the weight element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is supported in its lowering directly by the cradle (8). Mechanism for the generation of Energy.   The mechanism (M) may include a closed circuit of compressed air, whose movement of motion causes air flow from the main tank (31) to the dual action actuator (1) or single action actuator (1A); It discharges it directly to the connecting tank (29) at the end of each rising cycle; air leaves the connecting tank (29) and allows re-entry into the main tank (31) A closed circuit of compressed air that is transferred to the main tank (31) by an air amplifier (32), which serves to double the speed of movement, and thus can supply air to the mechanism in a sustainable manner 2 and comprising a compensating compressor (30), which is used for possible leak cases. Mechanism for the generation of electrical energy by lowering the amount element.