JP2016501514A - うつ病および他の関連疾患を処置するための化合物を同定する方法 - Google Patents
うつ病および他の関連疾患を処置するための化合物を同定する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2013年5月17日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/824,667号および2012年10月12日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/713,085号(これらの各々は、その全体が参考として本明細書に援用される)の利益およびそれらへの優先権を主張する。
N−メチル−D−アスパラギン酸(NMDA)受容体(NMDAR)は、神経変性障害(卒中関連脳細胞死、痙攣性障害が含まれる)ならびに学習および記憶に関連している。NMDARはまた、中枢神経系における正常なシナプス伝達、シナプス可塑性、および興奮毒性の調整において中心的な役割を果たす。NMDARは、長期増強(LTP)にさらに関与する。
本開示は、うつ病処置に適切な候補化合物を同定するための方法に一部関する。いくつかの実施形態では、候補化合物はNMDAR部分アゴニストであり得る。
本開示は、うつ病処置に適切な候補化合物を同定する方法に一部関する。いくつかの実施形態では、候補化合物はNMDAR部分アゴニストであり得る。別の態様では、本開示は、臨床的に関連するうつ病の処置ならびに/またはうつ病および/もしくは不安症の全般的な処置のための同定された化合物の使用に一部関する。
本研究では、内側前前頭皮質(mPFC)内の遺伝子発現パターンを、GLYX−13およびケタミンによって異なる影響を受けた機能的に関連する遺伝子組を同定するためのオントロジー分析と組み合わせたフォーカストマイクロアレイ(focused microarray)プラットフォームを使用して、GLYX−13(3mg/kg、IV;ポーソルト試験において抗うつ効果を生じる最少の用量)またはケタミン(10mg/kg、IV;ポーソルト試験において長く持続する抗うつ効果を生じる用量)のいずれかに続いて試験した。これらのうちで最も興味深いのはWntシグナル伝達経路であった。Wnt経路特異的qRT−PCRアレイを使用してこれらの知見を裏付けた。このqRT−PCRアレイを使用して、結果は、GLYX−13注射1時間後、食塩水で処置したコントロールラットと比較して5遺伝子が異なって発現されたことを示した。GLYX−13投与24時間後、4遺伝子が上方制御された。ケタミン投与1時間後および24時間後、たった1遺伝子しか下方制御されなかった。まとめると、これらのデータから、ポーソルト試験においてGLYX−13およびケタミンの両方によって迅速な抗うつ薬様効果が得られるにもかかわらず、これらは異なる細胞シグナル伝達経路(かかる一例はWntシグナル伝達経路である)を変化させる可能性が高いことが示唆される。
動物:成体(2〜3月齢)雄スプレーグ・ドーリーラット(Harlan Laboratories,Indianapolis,IN)の3匹をケージに収容し、以下のうちの1つを注射した(IV)−GLYX−13(3mg/kg)、ケタミン(10mg/kg)、または食塩水ビヒクル(1ml/kg)。注射1時間後および24時間後(各処置群についてN=5/時点)、ラットを屠殺し、その脳を迅速に切開し、凍結し、次いで、−80℃で保存した。内側前前頭皮質(mPFC)を、氷上で凍結組織から切開した。等体積の均質化組織を使用して、マイクロアレイ分析のためにRNAを抽出および精製し、qRT−PCR分析のためにcDNAを作製した。全手順はノースウェスタン大学IACUC委員会によって承認されており、NIHの実験動物の管理と使用に関する指針に従って実施した。
図1に示すように、GLYX−13およびケタミンは、注射(IV)1時間後および24時間後に成体ラットのmPFC中の遺伝子発現パターンに異なる影響を及ぼす。図1では、数値は、SAM分析(FDR10%未満)を使用してビヒクルコントロールラットと比較した場合、GLYX−13注射またはケタミン注射(IV)のいずれかの1時間後および24時間後に有意に異なって発現したことを示した遺伝子の総数を示す。図1中の各群のサンプルサイズは、5成体雄ラットであった。
行動薬理学:雄スプラーグドーリー(SD)ラット(2〜3月齢)に、ポーソルト試験の20〜60分前または24時間前のいずれかにGLYX−13(1〜56mg/kg IV;1〜100mg/kg SC;0.1〜10μg MPFC)、ケタミン(10mg/kg IV;0.1〜10μg MPFC)、フルオキセチンポジティブコントロール(10mg/kg SCで3つの用量)、または滅菌0.9%食塩水ビヒクルを注射した。NBQX(10mg/kg IP)での前処置を使用して、ポーソルト試験におけるGLYX−13(3mg/kg IV)の抗うつ薬様効果におけるAMPARの役割を試験した。抗うつ薬様薬の効果を、ポーソルト試験における浮遊時間の減少、新規性誘発食欲減退(NIH)試験のための新規であるが、見慣れた環境での摂食潜時の減少、および学習性無力感(LH)試験における回避失敗数の減少によって測定した。ケタミン様の乱用潜在性および報酬を、薬物弁別試験におけるケタミン様応答および条件付け場所嗜好性アッセイにおける薬物ペア側での経過時間によって測定した。感覚運動ゲーティングのケタミン様破壊を、プレパルス阻害の減少によって測定した。ケタミン様鎮静を、オープンフィールド歩行活動の減少および薬物弁別研究におけるオペラント応答率によって測定した。分子薬理学:成体雄SDラットに、GLYX−13(3mg/kg IV)、ケタミン(10mg/kg IV)、または食塩水ビヒクルを投与し、投与24時間後に屠殺した。MPFCおよび海馬の切片を調製し、ビオチン化によって細胞表面発現タンパク質を架橋させた。GluR1およびNR2Bの細胞表面発現を、ウェスタンブロットによって測定した。電気生理学:海馬切片を、GLYX−13(3mg/kg IV)、ケタミン(10mg/kg IV)、またはビヒクルの単回注射24時間後に成体雄SDラットから調製した。高頻度シェーファー側副枝刺激(2×100Hz/800ms)の3つの最大下発作に応答したシェーファー側副枝−CA1シナプスでのLTPを測定した。薬理学的に絶縁された総NMDARコンダクタンスに対するNR2BおよびNR2Aを含有するNMDARの寄与率を、NR2B選択性NMDARアンタゴニストであるイフェンプロジル(10μM)およびNR2A−NMDAR選択性アンタゴニストであるNVP−AM077(100nM)の使用によってCA1錐体ニューロンのシェーファー側副枝誘発EPSCにおいて測定した。
図4に示すように、GLYX−13は、複数のラットモデルにおいて抗うつ薬様効果を生じる。データを、方法および以下に記載のように収集した。
全体として、データは、(i)GLYX−13が解離性副作用を伴うことなく頑強な抗うつ薬様効果を生じること、および(ii)GLYX−13がMPFC内のシナプス可塑性を容易にすることによって抗うつ薬様効果を生じることを示す。
GLYX−13の即効性を試験するために、早期長期増強(E−LTP)の誘導の基礎をなす生化学的過程を研究した。
本開示の特定の実施形態を考察してきたが、上記明細書は例示であり、本発明を制限するものではない。本明細書を検討して開示の多数の変形形態が当業者に自明となるであろう。開示の全範囲を、特許請求の範囲をその均等物の全範囲と共に参照し、明細書をかかる変形形態と共に参照することによって決定すべきである。
本明細書中で言及した全ての刊行物および特許(以下に列挙した文献が含まれる)は、各刊行物または特許が具体的且つ個別に参照として援用されることを示すかのように、その全体が本明細書中で参考として援用される。矛盾する場合、本明細書中の任意の定義が含まれる本出願に従うものとする。
Claims (14)
- うつ病処置に適切な候補化合物を同定するための方法であって、
培養培地中で細胞を潜在的な化合物に曝露するか、または潜在的な化合物を動物に投与する工程;
1つ以上の所定の時点で前記細胞および/もしくは前記培養培地または前記動物の脳もしくは神経組織からサンプルを回収する工程;
Wnt1の発現レベルの増大について前記サンプルを分析する工程、ならびに
Wnt1の前記発現レベルの増大に基づいてうつ病処置に適切なものであるとして前記候補化合物を同定する工程
を含む、方法。 - うつ病処置に適切な候補化合物を同定するための方法であって、
培養培地中で細胞を潜在的な化合物に曝露するか、または潜在的な化合物を動物に投与する工程;
1つ以上の所定の時点で前記細胞および/もしくは前記培養培地または前記動物の脳もしくは神経組織からサンプルを回収する工程;
Gを用いて示した表1または表2中に列挙した遺伝子のうちの少なくとも1つの発現レベルの増大またはKを用いて示した表1または表2中に列挙した遺伝子のうちの少なくとも1つの発現レベルの減少について前記サンプルを分析する工程、ならびに
前記発現レベルの増大または前記発現レベルの減少に基づいてうつ病処置に適切なものであるとして前記化合物を同定する工程
を含む、方法。 - 前記サンプルが表示「G」を用いて表1または表2中に提供した遺伝子発現パターンを有し、かつ前記同定する工程が前記遺伝子の発現の増大に基づく、請求項2に記載の方法。
- NDMAサブユニットNR2Bシナプス可塑性について前記候補化合物を分析する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- うつ病処置に適切な化合物を同定するための方法であって、
培養培地中で細胞を潜在的な化合物に曝露するか、または潜在的な化合物を動物に投与する工程;
1つ以上の所定の時点で前記細胞および/もしくは前記培養培地または前記動物の脳もしくは神経組織からサンプルを回収する工程;
NMDA受容体NR2Bサブユニット可塑性について前記サンプルを分析する工程、ならびに
前記NR2B可塑性の誘導に基づいてうつ病処置に適切なものであるとして前記化合物を同定する工程
を含む、方法。 - うつ病処置に適切な候補化合物がケタミンと比較してNR2B依存性シナプス可塑性を有意に誘導する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記組織が内側前前頭皮質である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記動物がげっ歯類またはヒトであり、そして前記細胞がヒト細胞またはげっ歯類細胞である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物がNMDA受容体を調整する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- うつ病処置に適切な前記化合物がケタミンと比較して副作用が少ない、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物は、実質的な嗜癖的な感覚運動ゲーティング(sensory motor grating)および/または鎮静作用を持たない、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が真核細胞である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 化合物のライブラリーから前記候補化合物を選択する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 患者のうつ病を処置することができる治療化合物を同定する方法であって、NR2B依存性シナプス可塑性を有意に誘導する化合物を選択する工程を含む、方法。
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JP2008538238A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2008-10-16 | ザ・ボード・オブ・トラスティーズ・オブ・ザ・レランド・スタンフォード・ジュニア・ユニバーシティ | 神経精神障害を診断および処置するための組成物および方法 |
JP2011523637A (ja) * | 2008-05-15 | 2011-08-18 | ジーイー・ヘルスケア・リミテッド | うつ病に関するgabaバイオマーカー |
WO2011044089A2 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-14 | Joseph Moskal | Methods of treating depression and other related diseases |
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CA2887875A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
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US20150253305A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
EP2906722A4 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
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IL238165A0 (en) | 2015-05-31 |
AU2013329000A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
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