JP2016216277A - Method for producing carbon nanostructure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a carbon nanostructure capable of efficiently producing a carbon nanostructure while suppressing the melting of a catalyst.SOLUTION: There is provided a method for producing a carbon nanostructure, comprising: a step where a base material essentially consisting of a metal oxide is prepared, the metal oxide capable of forming a solid solution with carbon; and a step where a carbon-containing gas is fed while heating the base material. In the feed step, a laser is used as a heating source, and the output of the laser is controlled to be low at the initial stage of the heating than the stationary state. In the feed step, it is preferable that the output of the laser is increased at any timing from the start to the completion of the reduction reaction for the oxide. In the feed step, a tension of performing partition to the base material is preferably applied. The metal is preferably made of iron, nickel or cobalt. It is preferably that the maximum temperature of the base material in the feed step is 1,200°C or lower.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbon nanostructure.

  Conventionally, carbon nanostructures such as linear carbon nanotubes and sheet-like graphene in which carbon atoms are arranged in parallel at nanometer level intervals are known. Such a carbon nanostructure is obtained by a method of growing a carbon nanostructure from a catalyst by supplying a raw material gas containing carbon while heating a fine catalyst such as iron (for example, JP 2005-330175 A). No. publication).

  In the above conventional manufacturing method, it is difficult to control the growth direction of the carbon nanofilament constituting the carbon nanostructure from the catalyst, and the grown carbon nanofilament is likely to be bent. When bending occurs in this way, structural defects such as a five-membered ring and a seven-membered ring occur in the carbon nanofilament, and resistance and the like increase locally. In addition, it is difficult to bundle a plurality of carbon nanofilaments at high density.

  Therefore, a method has been proposed in which a carbon nanofilament is grown between the cross sections by oxidizing the catalyst and dividing the oxidized catalyst while carburizing heat treatment (see JP 2013-237572 A).

JP-A-2005-330175 JP2013-237572A

  In the above-described method for growing carbon nanofilaments on the oxidation catalyst, a carburizing heat treatment is performed by heating the oxidized catalyst to a constant temperature by laser irradiation with a constant output. However, since the reduction reaction in which oxygen is released from the oxidation catalyst that occurs in the early stage of the carburizing heat treatment is an exothermic reaction, this exothermic heat causes the catalyst to be overheated and melted, and a carbon nanostructure may not be obtained.

  This invention is made | formed based on the above situations, and it aims at provision of the manufacturing method of the carbon nanostructure which can manufacture a carbon nanostructure efficiently, suppressing melting | dissolving of a catalyst.

  A method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to one embodiment of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above problems, includes a step of preparing a base material mainly composed of an oxide of a metal capable of forming a solid solution with carbon, A method for producing a carbon nanostructure comprising a step of supplying a carbon-containing gas while heating a substrate, wherein a laser is used as a heating source in the supplying step, and the output of the laser is changed from a steady state to an initial stage of heating. Control small.

  The method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to one embodiment of the present invention can efficiently produce a carbon nanostructure while suppressing melting of the catalyst.

It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the carbon nanostructure of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the carbon nanostructure used with the manufacturing method of the carbon nanostructure of FIG. It is a graph which shows the outline of the laser output control of the supply process of the manufacturing method of the carbon nanostructure of FIG. It is a graph which shows the time change of the temperature of the metal catalyst in an Example.

[Description of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
The method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to one aspect of the present invention includes a step of preparing a base material mainly composed of a metal oxide capable of forming a solid solution with carbon, and a carbon-containing gas while heating the base material. A carbon nanostructure manufacturing method including a supplying step, wherein a laser is used as a heating source in the supplying step, and an output of the laser is controlled to be smaller than a steady state at an initial stage of heating.

  The carbon nanostructure manufacturing method prevents overheating of the metal catalyst by irradiating the laser with an output lower than the steady state in which the carbon nanofilament is grown in the initial stage of heating the metal catalyst (oxide). Melting can be suppressed. Moreover, since the manufacturing method of the said carbon nanostructure does not need to suppress an output in the steady state which grows a carbon nanofilament, the growth of a carbon nanofilament does not stagnate. That is, the carbon nanostructure manufacturing method can efficiently manufacture the carbon nanostructure. The “main component” means a component having the largest content, for example, a component contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more. “Steady state” means a state in which carbon nanostructures are continuously grown.

  In the supplying step, the laser output may be increased at any timing from the start to the end of the oxide reduction reaction. Thus, by raising the laser output after the oxide reduction reaction starts, the growth timing of the carbon nanofilament can be advanced and productivity can be improved while suppressing melting of the metal catalyst.

  It is preferable to add a tension that divides the base material in the supplying step. By applying tension in this way, the growth of carbon nanofilaments can be performed more reliably.

  The metal may be iron, nickel or cobalt. By using these metals as metal catalysts, carbon nanofilaments can be grown more reliably.

  The maximum temperature of the substrate in the supplying step is preferably 1200 ° C. or lower. Thus, by adjusting the maximum temperature of the base material to 1200 ° C. or less, melting of the metal catalyst can be suppressed more reliably.

[Details of the embodiment of the present invention]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[Method for producing carbon nanostructure]
The carbon nanostructure can be obtained by a manufacturing method including the following steps as shown in FIG.
(1) Step S1 of preparing a base material composed mainly of a metal oxide capable of forming a solid solution with carbon
(2) Step S2 of supplying a carbon-containing gas to the base material while heating the base material

  In the carbon nanostructure manufacturing method, a laser is used as a heating source in the supplying step, and the output of the laser is controlled to be smaller than the steady state in the initial heating stage. Thus, by irradiating the laser with an output lower than the steady state in which carbon nanofilaments are grown in the initial stage of heating the metal catalyst (oxide), overheating of the metal catalyst can be prevented and its melting can be suppressed. Moreover, since the manufacturing method of the said carbon nanostructure does not need to suppress an output in the steady state which grows a carbon nanofilament, the growth of a carbon nanofilament does not stagnate. That is, the carbon nanostructure manufacturing method can efficiently manufacture the carbon nanostructure.

  The method for producing the carbon nanostructure can be suitably performed using, for example, a production apparatus shown in FIG.

(Carbon nanostructure manufacturing equipment)
The carbon nanostructure manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 2 includes a reaction chamber 11, a heater 12 disposed inside the reaction chamber 11, and a pair that is disposed to face the heater 12 and holds a sheet-like substrate X. The fixed blocks 13a and 13b, the base 14 for supporting the fixed blocks 13a and 13b, the drive unit 16 connected to the fixed blocks 13a and 13b by the connecting rod 15, and the raw material gas are supplied to the reaction chamber 11. The gas supply part 17 for performing and the exhaust part 18 for exhausting gas from the reaction chamber 11 are mainly provided. 3 includes a laser light oscillator 19 for locally heating the substrate X, coolers 20a and 20b for locally cooling the substrate X, a heater 12, and driving. And a control unit 21 for controlling the unit 16, the gas supply unit 17, the exhaust unit 18, the laser light oscillator 19, and the coolers 20a and 20b.

  Inside the reaction chamber 11, the pair of fixed blocks 13 a and 13 b are disposed on the upper surface of the base table 14. One end portion and the other end portion of the substrate X are gripped by the fixing blocks 13a and 13b. One end and the other end of the substrate X can be locally cooled by a pair of coolers 20a and 20b via fixed blocks 13a and 13b, respectively. The fixed block 13b that fixes the other end of the base X and the cooler 20b that cools the other end are configured to be movable on the upper surface of the base table 14. On the other hand, the fixed block 13 a that fixes one end of the base X and the cooler 20 a that cools the one end are fixed to the base table 14.

  The heater 12 is arrange | positioned in the reaction chamber 11 so that the upper surface of the base material X fixed by the fixed blocks 13a and 13b may be opposed. Note that the heater 12 may be disposed outside the reaction chamber 11 by configuring the wall of the reaction chamber 11 with a light-transmitting member such as quartz. As the heater 12, for example, an arbitrary heating device such as an electric heater can be used. This heater 12 is used for oxidation of the substrate X and the like.

  The drive unit 16 is connected to a fixed block 13b that fixes the other end of the base material X, and moves the cooler 20b that cools the fixed block 13b and the other end in the horizontal direction parallel to the axis of the connecting rod 15. .

  The laser oscillator 19 is a heating source that locally heats a part of the substrate X (specifically, a region to be divided in the gas supply step S2). Specifically, an opening is formed in the upper wall surface of the reaction chamber 11, and a cylindrical laser light introducing portion 19a is connected to the opening. The laser beam oscillated from the laser beam oscillator 19 is irradiated to the base material X inside the reaction chamber 11 through the laser beam introducing part 19a.

  As a laser beam irradiated to the base material X, infrared rays are preferable and specifically, a laser beam having a wavelength of 900 nm or more and 1000 nm or less is preferable.

  As the configurations of the coolers 20a and 20b, any conventionally known configuration can be adopted. For example, a thermoelectric element such as a Peltier element may be used, or water or another cooling medium may be circulated. In the case of using a cooling medium, the cooling medium may be led out from the coolers 20a and 20b to the outside of the reaction chamber 11, cooled by a heat exchanger or the like outside, and then recirculated to the coolers 20a and 20b. .

(1) Preparation step S1
In this step, a base material X containing a metal oxide capable of forming a solid solution with carbon as a main component is prepared. In this step, the base material X may be prepared by oxidizing at least a part of the base material X whose main component is a metal capable of forming a solid solution with carbon, or a pre-oxidized base material X is obtained. Also good.

  As a metal which the base material X has as a main component, iron, nickel and cobalt are preferable, and iron which is easy to carburize is preferable. Furthermore, pure iron having a purity of 4N or more is preferable among iron. In addition, the base material X may contain additives other than the said metal in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention.

  The substrate X is preferably a sheet. Moreover, as average thickness of the base material X, it can be 10 micrometers or more and 1 mm or less, for example. For example, a porous material such as porous wustite or iron oxide compact may be used as the substrate X.

  Examples of the method for oxidizing the substrate X include heat treatment in the presence of oxygen. As this heat treatment, for example, a method of heating in an air atmosphere at 500 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower and 0.1 hour or longer and 2 hours or shorter is used.

  In addition, after oxidizing the base material X, it is preferable to supply an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas from the gas supply unit 17 to the reaction chamber 11 and discharge oxygen from the reaction chamber 11.

(2) Gas supply process S2
In this step, the carbon-containing gas is supplied to the base X while heating the oxidized base X. At this time, it is preferable to apply a tension that divides the base material X. Specifically, the driving unit 16 moves the fixing block 13b that fixes the other end of the base material X in a direction away from the opposing fixing block 13a, thereby applying a tension that divides the base material X. . Thereby, the base material X is divided between the pair of fixed blocks 13a and 13b. In addition, the divided portion of the substrate X is heated by the irradiation of the laser beam oscillated from the laser light oscillator 19 at the same time as the division. Further, a carbon-containing gas is supplied from the gas supply unit 17 to the substrate X in this state.

  In this step, the output of the laser light oscillator 19 is controlled to be smaller than the steady state at the beginning of heating. That is, when the output of the laser light oscillator 19 in the initial stage of heating is P1 [W] and the output of the steady-state laser light oscillator 19 is P2 [W], the output is controlled so that P1 <P2. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, at the initial stage of heating, the substrate X is heated with the output P1, and then the output is increased to P2.

  The timing for increasing the output of the laser oscillator 19 is preferably any timing from the start to the end of the reduction reaction of the oxide of the substrate X, and more preferably from the end of the reduction reaction. Thus, by raising the output after at least the reduction of the oxide is started, the growth timing of the carbon nanofilament can be advanced and the productivity can be improved while suppressing the melting of the metal catalyst. The time from the start of heating the substrate X by the laser light oscillator 19 to the timing of increasing the output of the laser light oscillator 19 is, for example, 10 seconds or more and 3 minutes or less.

  The method for controlling the output increase of the laser oscillator 19 is not particularly limited, and may be continuously increased linearly (linear function) as shown in FIG. May be raised continuously, or may be raised stepwise. Further, the output may be increased in a plurality of times.

  The lower limit of the difference (P2−P1) between the output P1 of the laser light oscillator 19 in the initial stage of heating and the output P2 of the laser light oscillator 19 in the steady state is preferably 1W, and more preferably 3W. On the other hand, the upper limit of the difference (P2−P1) is preferably 20 W, and more preferably 10 W. When the difference (P2−P1) is smaller than the lower limit, the suppression of the melting of the catalyst may be insufficient, or the growth efficiency of carbon nanofilaments in a steady state may be reduced. Conversely, when the difference (P2−P1) exceeds the upper limit, the reduction of the catalyst may be insufficient.

  Further, the output P1 of the laser light oscillator 19 in the initial stage of heating can be set to 1 W or more and 15 W or less, for example. The output P2 of the laser light oscillator 19 in the steady state can be set to 5 W or more and 20 W or less, for example. Note that the magnitudes of the outputs P1 and P2 and the timing of switching between these outputs may be adjusted by feedback control based on the measured value of the temperature change of the substrate X. Moreover, as a diameter of a laser beam, it can be 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, for example.

  Moreover, as an upper limit of the maximum temperature of the base material X in the supplying step, that is, the maximum temperature during the reduction reaction of the base material X, 1200 ° C. is preferable, and 1100 ° C. is more preferable. When the maximum temperature of the base material X exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the base material X as a catalyst may fuse | melt. In addition, as heating temperature of the base material X in a steady state, it is 800 degreeC or more and 1050 degrees C or less, for example.

  The heating time by the laser light oscillator 19 in the steady state can be, for example, 1 minute or more and 30 minutes or less.

  As the carbon-containing gas, a reducing gas such as a hydrocarbon gas is used. For example, a mixed gas of acetylene and nitrogen or argon can be used. The acetylene concentration in the mixed gas can be 1% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less.

  Note that the timing at which tension is applied to the substrate X is preferably after the reduction reaction is completed or the output of the laser oscillator 19 is increased. By applying tension at such timing, carbon nanofilaments can be grown more reliably and efficiently.

  By such an operation, carbon nanofilaments grow on the cross section of the substrate X. In other words, a structure in which carbon nanofilaments are connected between the separated cross sections of the separated base material X is obtained. At this time, processes such as reduction, carburization, and carbon nanofilament growth are continuously performed locally in the divided interface region. Moreover, since a certain tension is applied to the grown carbon nanofilament by the addition of the tension, the carbon nanofilament in which deformation such as bending is suppressed can be easily grown.

  The growth process of this carbon nanofilament will be described in detail below. In the carbon nanostructure manufacturing method, for example, while carburizing mainly the divided end face of the base material X containing iron oxide, fine particles mainly composed of members such as iron constituting the base material X are separated from the end face. However, the carbon nanofilament is continuously grown. Specifically, first, the base material X is heated and the raw material gas is supplied, so that carburization proceeds sequentially from the surface of the base material X. Next, the catalyst (iron) in which the substrate X is carburized from the cut end face is separated in nano-size, and carbon nanofilaments connecting the end face and the separated catalyst are pulled out substantially vertically from the end face. This drawing direction is the C axis of the carbon nanofilament. Thereafter, the carburization further proceeds, and the carburized catalyst having a finer size is sequentially separated from the substrate X, for example, as nanoparticles or nanofilaments, and held (pulled) inside the carbon nanofilaments. The carbon nanofilament grows. Further, after that, the catalyst is separated, so that a new surface appears on the divided end surface of the substrate X, and carburization proceeds on this new surface, and the growth of the carbon nanofilament is continued. Since the separated catalyst is held inside the carbon nanofilament at this time, the possibility that the separated catalyst inhibits the growth of the carbon nanofilament can be reduced. The extracted carbon nanofilament includes the separation catalyst (metal nanoparticles) and the like, but the outer graphene layer is maintained. As a result, long carbon nanofilaments are formed.

  In addition, it is preferable to cool the part which does not contribute to the growth of the carbon nanostructure of the substrate X with the cooler 20. Furthermore, the carbon-containing gas may be locally supplied to the divided portion of the substrate X using a supply pipe that supplies the carbon-containing gas in the vicinity of the substrate X. By these, manufacture of a carbon nanostructure can be performed efficiently.

  Further, by supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen gas as a carrier gas into the reaction chamber 11, a reaction gas (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, Water, etc.) can be discharged from the reaction chamber 11 without contacting the carbon nanostructure.

[Carbon nanostructure]
The carbon nanostructure obtained from the method for producing the carbon nanostructure has carbon nanofilaments made of carbon and metal nanoparticles derived from the metal catalyst described above. However, in the carbon nanostructure obtained by the method for producing the carbon nanostructure, the metal nanoparticles are not necessarily present. That is, in the manufacturing method of the carbon nanostructure, the catalyst metal does not necessarily have to be drawn into the carbon nanofilament.

  The shape of the carbon nanofilament can be appropriately selected according to the application, and specifically, it can be a linear shape, a tube shape, or a film shape. The “film shape” refers to a plate shape in which the maximum width of the filament in the C-axis direction (maximum length in the direction perpendicular to the C-axis) is, for example, 5 times or more.

  Although the length of a carbon nanofilament can be suitably selected according to the use, it can be 1 mm or more, for example.

  When the carbon nanofilament is linear or tube-shaped, the outer diameter can be set to, for example, 10 nm or more and 1 μm or less.

  Metal nanoparticles are part of a metal catalyst used in producing carbon nanostructures. Examples of the main metal of the metal nanoparticles include iron, nickel, and cobalt. In addition, the metal nanoparticles may contain a component other than a metal such as oxygen. Furthermore, the metal nanoparticles may be mainly composed of a metal oxide. That is, the metal nanoparticles may include an oxidized metal. The “main metal” means a metal element having the largest content, for example, a metal element contained in 50% by mass or more.

[Other Embodiments]
The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment described above, but is defined by the scope of the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of the claims. The

  The manufacturing method of the carbon nanostructure may include a step of reducing the oxidized base material and a step of reoxidizing the base material after the reduction step before the supplying step. That is, the carbon nanostructure manufacturing method may manufacture a carbon nanostructure using a sponge-like substrate obtained through these steps.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1
A pure iron sheet (purity 5N) having an average thickness of 20 μm was prepared as a base material, and heat treated in the reaction chamber in the atmosphere at 850 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an iron oxide sheet. Thereafter, nitrogen gas was supplied into the reaction chamber, and oxygen was discharged from the reaction chamber.

  Next, the iron oxide sheet was reduced by first irradiating an infrared laser beam having a wavelength of 940 nm and a diameter of 3 mm for 1 minute at an output of 10 W in an acetylene and nitrogen-containing gas flow having an acetylene concentration of 5% by volume. The reduction reaction itself is considered to be completed in about 10 seconds. One minute after the start of the irradiation, the output of the laser beam was increased to 15 W and a tension was applied to the iron oxide sheet to break it. As a result, fiber-like carbon nanofilaments were obtained on the fracture surface. The length of the carbon nanofilament was 200 μm or more.

(Comparative Example 1)
A pure iron sheet (purity 5N) having an average thickness of 20 μm was prepared as a base material, and heat treated in the reaction chamber in the atmosphere at 850 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an iron oxide sheet. Thereafter, argon gas was supplied into the reaction chamber, and oxygen was discharged from the reaction chamber.

  Next, the iron oxide sheet was ruptured by applying tension to the iron oxide sheet while irradiating an infrared laser beam having a wavelength of 940 nm and a diameter of 3 mm with an output of 15 W in a gas flow containing acetylene and argon having an acetylene concentration of 5% by volume. As a result, the temperature of the iron oxide sheet rose to 1250 ° C., and the iron oxide sheet melted. Therefore, a carbon nanofilament could not be obtained.

  In FIG. 4, the temperature change of the iron oxide sheet of the said Example 1 and the comparative example 1 is shown. In Example 1, the peak temperature during reduction of the iron oxide sheet is suppressed as compared with Comparative Example 1, and the heating temperature in the steady state is also higher than that of Comparative Example 1. That is, in Example 1, carbon nanofilaments can be efficiently grown while suppressing melting of the iron oxide sheet as a catalyst.

  As described above, the method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to one embodiment of the present invention can efficiently produce a carbon nanostructure while suppressing melting of the catalyst. The carbon nanostructure thus obtained can be suitably used for various applications.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Reaction chamber 12 Heater 13a, 13b Fixed block 14 Base stand 15 Connecting rod 16 Drive part 17 Gas supply part 18 Exhaust part 19 Laser light oscillator 19a Laser light introduction part 20a, 20b Cooler 21 Control part X Base material S1 Preparation process S2 Gas supply process

Claims (5)

Preparing a base material mainly composed of a metal oxide capable of forming a solid solution with carbon;
A process for supplying a carbon-containing gas while heating the substrate,
A method for producing a carbon nanostructure, wherein a laser is used as a heating source in the supplying step, and the output of the laser is controlled to be smaller than the steady state at the beginning of heating.   The method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to claim 1, wherein in the supplying step, the output of the laser is increased at any timing from the start to the end of the reduction reaction of the oxide.   The method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a tension that divides the substrate is applied in the supplying step.   The method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to claim 1, wherein the metal is iron, nickel, or cobalt.   The method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a maximum temperature of the base material in the supplying step is 1200 ° C or lower.

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