JP2016215581A - Apparatus and method for manufacturing three-dimensional molded object - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional molded object, by which a desired three-dimensional molded object can be obtained by stacking layers of a molding material, and an excess molded part is less likely formed on a surface of the object.SOLUTION: An apparatus 1 for manufacturing a three-dimensional molded object 8 manufactures the three-dimensional molded object 8 by depositing a molding material 81 pressurized by a pressurizing part 3 of an apparatus main body 11 and discharged from a discharge port 41 of a nozzle 4 onto a stage 12 that is three-dimensionally moved by a relative moving mechanism 13. In the process of molding the three-dimensional molded object 8 in which various types of molding materials 81 with different lengths discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle 4 are deposited, when discharge of the molding material 81 is temporarily stopped, a control computer 14 is configured to decrease a pressure applied to the molding material 81 by the pressurizing part 3 than a pressure applied to the molding material 81 by the pressurizing part 3 upon discharging the molding material 81.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional molded object made of resin.

  As one of methods for modeling a resin three-dimensional model, a hot melt lamination method is known. In an apparatus based on the hot melt lamination method, a long solid resin called a filament is sent to a nozzle unit equipped with a heater by a feed unit such as a drive roller, and the molten solid resin discharged from the nozzle unit is placed on the stage. Stacked to form a three-dimensional model. According to the apparatus by this hot melt lamination method, a three-dimensional molded object can be modeled with a simple apparatus configuration. However, when the solid resin is made of a soft material, the solid resin may be buckled when the solid resin is sent out by a driving roller or the like.

  On the other hand, as a technique for discharging molten resin using an extruder equipped with a screw and laminating the discharged molten resin on a stage, for example, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1. Patent Document 1 describes an apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional object by applying pressure to a resin material by a conveying screw and depositing resin materials that are sequentially discharged in a droplet state from a discharge unit.

Special table 2015-501738 gazette

  However, the apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 is intended to intermittently release the resin in a droplet state. In the case of modeling a three-dimensional model using a modeling material having an appropriate length instead of a resin in a droplet state, when the modeling material is intermittently discharged (stopped temporarily) from the nozzle portion, A part may extend in a state where a thread is pulled from the nozzle portion to the three-dimensional structure. At this time, the thread-shaped modeling material thinner than the thickness of the discharged modeling material adheres to the discharged modeling material, and the subject that it remains as an extra modeling part on the surface of a three-dimensional molded item arises.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this background, and can obtain the desired three-dimensional molded item formed by laminating modeling materials, and can make it difficult to form an extra modeling part on the surface. It is obtained by trying to provide the manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of a three-dimensional molded item.

One aspect of the present invention is a cylinder unit that stores a modeling material for modeling a three-dimensional modeled object, a pressurizing unit that pressurizes the modeling material in the cylinder unit, and the modeling that is pressurized by the pressurizing unit. An apparatus main body having a nozzle part for discharging a material for use;
A stage on which the modeling material discharged from the discharge port of the nozzle part is stacked;
A relative movement mechanism for relatively moving the stage and the apparatus main body in three dimensions;
A control computer for controlling the operation of the pressure unit and the relative movement mechanism,
The control computer applies pressure applied to the modeling material by the pressurizing unit when the ejection of the modeling material is temporarily stopped, and applies the pressure to the modeling material by the pressurizing unit when discharging the modeling material. It exists in the manufacturing apparatus of a three-dimensional molded item comprised so that it may reduce rather than the pressure to apply.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a modeling material is molded by pressurizing a modeling material in an apparatus main body, discharging the modeling material from a discharge port of a nozzle portion in the apparatus main body, and laminating on a stage. In
When the discharge of the modeling material from the discharge port of the nozzle portion is temporarily stopped and the stacking of the modeling material on the stage is interrupted, the pressure applied to the modeling material in the apparatus body is set to the nozzle In the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional model, the modeling material is discharged from the discharge port of the part and the pressure is applied to the modeling material in the apparatus main body when the modeling material is stacked on the stage. .

In the manufacturing apparatus of the said three-dimensional molded item, the device at the time of modeling the three-dimensional molded item on which the part of the modeling material which has the appropriate length discharged from the discharge port of a nozzle part was laminated | stacked is devised.
When modeling the three-dimensional modeled object, the control computer intermittently discharges the modeling material from the discharge port of the nozzle unit according to the shape of the three-dimensional modeled object to be modeled.

Then, when the modeling material is intermittently ejected, the control computer performs an operation of temporarily stopping the ejection of the modeling material and an operation of restarting the ejection of the modeling material. When the discharge of the modeling material is temporarily stopped, the pressure applied to the modeling material by the pressurizing unit is reduced below the pressure applied to the modeling material by the pressing unit when the modeling material is discharged. Thereby, the applied pressure in the discharge direction of the modeling material in the cylinder is weakened.
Therefore, when the discharge of the modeling material is temporarily stopped, a part of the modeling material can be made difficult to extend in a state where the yarn is pulled from the discharge port of the nozzle portion to the three-dimensional modeled object.
Therefore, according to the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional modeled object, a desired three-dimensional modeled object formed by stacking the modeling materials can be obtained, and an extra modeled part can be hardly formed on the surface. .

Also in the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional modeled object, as in the case of the manufacturing apparatus, when the discharge of the modeling material is temporarily stopped, a part of the modeling material is threaded from the nozzle port to the three-dimensional modeled object. It is possible to make it difficult to stretch while pulling.
Therefore, according to the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional modeled object, as in the case of the manufacturing apparatus, it is possible to obtain a desired three-dimensional modeled object formed by stacking the modeling materials, and extra modeling is performed on the surface thereof. A part can be made difficult to form.

Explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item in the state which discharges the modeling material from the discharge outlet of the nozzle part concerning Embodiment 1. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item in the state which stopped discharge of the modeling material from the discharge outlet of a nozzle part concerning Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the shape of the discharge port of the nozzle unit according to the first embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the shape of the discharge outlet of the other nozzle part concerning Embodiment 1. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item in the state which discharges the modeling material from the discharge outlet of the nozzle part concerning Embodiment 2. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item in the state which stopped discharge of the modeling material from the discharge outlet of a nozzle part concerning Embodiment 2. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the other three-dimensional molded item in the state which discharges the modeling material from the discharge outlet of the nozzle part concerning Embodiment 2. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the nozzle part in the state which discharges the modeling material concerning Embodiment 3 from the discharge outlet. Explanatory drawing which shows the nozzle part in the state which stopped discharge of the modeling material concerning Embodiment 3 from the discharge outlet once. Explanatory drawing which shows the shape of the discharge outlet of a nozzle part concerning Embodiment 3. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the nozzle part in the state which discharges the modeling material concerning Embodiment 4 from the discharge outlet. Explanatory drawing which shows the nozzle part in the state which stopped discharge of the modeling material from the discharge outlet concerning Embodiment 4. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the nozzle part in the state which discharges the modeling material concerning Embodiment 5 from the discharge outlet. Explanatory drawing which shows the nozzle part in the state which stopped discharge of the modeling material from the discharge outlet concerning Embodiment 5. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the other nozzle part in the state which once stopped the discharge of the modeling material concerning Embodiment 5 from the discharge outlet. Explanatory drawing which shows the nozzle part in the state which discharges the modeling material concerning Embodiment 6 from the discharge outlet.

  A preferred embodiment of the above-described manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method for a three-dimensional structure will be described. In this embodiment, the structure of the various apparatuses which model the three-dimensional molded item on which the part of the various modeling material from which length differs was laminated | stacked is demonstrated.

(Embodiment 1)
In this embodiment, in order to manufacture the three-dimensional structure 8 in which the modeling material 81 is laminated, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the apparatus main body 11, the stage 12, the relative movement mechanism 13, and the control computer 14 are included. The manufacturing apparatus 1 of the three-dimensional molded item 8 provided is used. The apparatus main body 11 is added by the cylinder part 2 that stores the modeling material 81 for modeling the three-dimensional model 8, the pressurizing part 3 that pressurizes the modeling material 81 in the cylinder part 2, and the pressurizing part 3. And a nozzle portion 4 for discharging the pressed molding material 81. The stage 12 is one in which a modeling material 81 discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 is placed and stacked. The relative movement mechanism 13 moves the stage 12 and the apparatus main body 11 in a three-dimensional relative manner. The control computer 14 controls the operations of the pressurizing unit 3 and the relative movement mechanism 13.

  When the control computer 14 forms the three-dimensional object 8 in which the portions of the modeling material 81 discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 are stacked, as shown in FIG. 2, the control computer 14 once discharges the modeling material 81. The pressure applied to the modeling material 81 by the pressurizing unit 3 when the pressurizing unit 3 is stopped is configured to be smaller than the pressure applied to the modeling material 81 by the pressurizing unit 3 when the modeling material 81 is discharged.

Below, it demonstrates in full detail with reference to FIGS. 1-4 about the manufacturing apparatus 1 of the three-dimensional molded item 8 of this embodiment.
The manufacturing apparatus 1 for the three-dimensional structure 8 has merits in manufacturing the three-dimensional structure 8 from a resin having a low viscosity in a molten state, as compared with an apparatus using a hot melt lamination method.
The modeling material 81 used for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object 8 is not particularly limited as long as it can model the three-dimensional modeled object, but a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin are preferably used, and the modelability is good. Therefore, a thermoplastic resin is more preferably used. The modeling material 81 placed on the stage 12 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 is cooled and solidified on the stage 12 to become a final three-dimensional modeled object 8.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pressurizing unit 3 of the apparatus main body 11 is configured by a screw 31 having a spiral protrusion 311 formed on the outer peripheral surface. The apparatus main body 11 has a motor 32 for rotating the screw 31 in both the forward and reverse directions in the cylinder part 2 and a moving mechanism 33 for moving the screw 31 forward and backward in the cylinder part 2. As shown in FIG. 1, when the screw 31 is driven by the motor 32 and rotates in the positive direction D <b> 1 for discharging the modeling material 81 from the nozzle portion 4, the pressure is applied to the modeling material 81 in the cylinder portion 2. give. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, when the screw 31 is driven by the motor 32 and rotates in the reverse direction D2, the pressure applied to the modeling material 81 in the cylinder portion 2 is reduced. In addition, the moving mechanism 33 can convert the rotational force by the motor 32 into the thrust force in the axial direction of the screw 31.

  The cylinder part 2 is provided with a hopper 21 for charging the modeling material 81 and a heater 22 for heating and melting the modeling material 81. When a thermoplastic resin is used as the modeling material 81, a solid thermoplastic resin such as a pellet is put into the hopper 21. The nozzle portion 4 is provided at the tip portion of the cylinder portion 2, and the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 opens downward to place the modeling material 81 on the stage 12 from above. The nozzle unit 4 is provided with an opening / closing mechanism 5 that opens and closes the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4. The opening / closing mechanism 5 includes a shut-off pin 51 that opens and closes the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 and an actuator 511 that moves the shut-off pin 51 under the control of the operation by the control computer 14. The shut-off pin 51 retracts from the discharge front end of the nozzle unit 4 to open the discharge port 41, while close to the discharge front end of the nozzle unit 4 and closes the discharge port 41.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the control computer 14 operates the actuator 511 to retract the shut-off pin 51 from the discharge tip of the nozzle unit 4 and discharge the modeling material 81 from the nozzle unit 4, as well as the motor. 32 is operated to rotate the screw 31 in the forward direction D1. At this time, the control computer 14 rotates the screw 31 in the forward direction D1 to increase the pressure of the modeling material 81 in the cylinder portion 2, and then opens the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 with the shut-off pin 51. The modeling material 81 is discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the control computer 14 operates the motor 32 to rotate the screw 31 in the reverse direction D <b> 2 to temporarily stop the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the nozzle portion 4. After reducing the pressure of the modeling material 81 in the portion 2, the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 is closed by the shut-off pin 51 to temporarily stop the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4. .

The nozzle unit 4 may be provided with a valve that moves in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the nozzle unit 4 to open and close the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 instead of arranging the shut-off pin 51. .
In addition, when the control computer 14 temporarily stops the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the nozzle portion 4, instead of rotating the screw 31 in the reverse direction D <b> 2 by the motor 32, the control computer 14 moves the screw 31 by the moving mechanism 33. The material 81 can be moved in a direction opposite to the discharge direction F of the material 81. In addition, when the control computer 14 temporarily stops the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the nozzle portion 4, the screw 31 is rotated in the reverse direction D <b> 2 by the motor 32 and the screw 31 is moved by the moving mechanism 33. It can also be moved in the direction opposite to the discharge direction F of 81.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 can be formed in various shapes having a plurality of corner portions 411. As shown in FIG. 3, the discharge port 41 is not circular but has a plurality of shapes so as to make it difficult to draw the thin thread-shaped modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 when the discharge of the modeling material 81 is temporarily stopped. A star shape (a shape in which a plurality of projecting portions are formed radially) having a sharp corner portion 411, a polygonal shape having a plurality of corner portions 411, as shown in FIG. .

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the stage 12 constitutes a mounting table on which the modeling material 81 is mounted. The relative movement mechanism 13 is configured to move the stage 12 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction with respect to the apparatus main body 11. The relative movement mechanism 13 moves the stage 12 along the X coordinate (X) in the horizontal direction, and moves the stage 12 along the Y coordinate (Y) orthogonal to the X coordinate (X) in the horizontal direction. It has a mechanism and a mechanism that moves the stage 12 along the Z coordinate (Z) in the vertical direction.

The control computer 14 models the three-dimensional structure 8 on the stage 12 by linking the discharge operation of the modeling material 81 in the apparatus main body 11 and the movement operation of the stage 12 by the relative movement mechanism 13. The control computer 14 forms the planar shape of the three-dimensional structure 8 by moving the stage 12 along the X coordinate (X) and the Y coordinate (Y) by the relative movement mechanism 13. Further, the control computer 14 moves the stage 12 along the Z coordinate (Z) by the relative movement mechanism 13, thereby further forming the modeling material on the part of the modeling material 81 already placed on the stage 12. 81 portions are stacked to form the shape of the three-dimensional structure 8 in the height direction. Further, the control computer 14 forms the shape of the three-dimensional structure 8 in the height direction by gradually lowering the stage 12 by the relative movement mechanism 13.
The relative movement mechanism 13 can also move the apparatus main body 11 three-dimensionally with respect to the stage 12.

  In response to an instruction from the modeling setting unit in which the shape of the three-dimensional modeled object 8 to be modeled is set, and the modeling setting unit, the control computer 14 operates the pressurizing unit 3, the relative movement mechanism 13, the opening / closing mechanism 5, and the like. A control unit for controlling is constructed. The control computer 14 is configured to model a three-dimensional modeled object 8 having a required three-dimensional shape according to the position, length, and the number of stacking steps at which the modeling material 81 is discharged.

Next, a method for manufacturing the three-dimensional structure 8 using the manufacturing apparatus 1 and its operation and effects will be described.
In the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional model 8, the three-dimensional model 8 having various three-dimensional shapes is modeled by the portions of various modeling materials 81 discharged from the discharge ports 41 of the nozzle unit 4. Further, in the control computer 14, the modeling material 81 is intermittently discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 according to the shape of the three-dimensional modeled object 8 to be modeled, and the modeling material 81 is discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4. The length for discharging the material 81 is controlled.

  Then, when the modeling material 81 is intermittently ejected, the control computer 14 performs an operation of temporarily stopping the ejection of the modeling material 81 and an operation of restarting the ejection of the modeling material 81. As shown in FIG. 2, the control computer 14 operates the motor 32 to rotate the screw 31 in the reverse direction D2 in order to temporarily stop the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the nozzle unit 4, and the cylinder unit 2 The pressure of the modeling material 81 inside is reduced. At this time, the pressure applied to the modeling material 81 by the screw 31 is smaller than the pressure applied to the modeling material 81 by the screw 31 when the modeling material 81 is discharged. And the modeling material 81 in the cylinder part 2 can be made to flow backward in the direction opposite to the discharge direction F.

When the discharge of the modeling material 81 is temporarily stopped, the control computer 14 instantaneously switches the rotation of the screw 31 in the forward direction D1 to the rotation in the reverse direction D2. The rotation of the screw 31 in the reverse direction D2 is performed for a very short time. Thereby, the applied pressure to the discharge direction F of the modeling material 81 in the cylinder part 2 is weakened. Immediately after the screw 31 is rotated in the reverse direction D2, the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 is closed by the shut-off pin 51, and the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 is temporarily stopped. .
Accordingly, the modeling material 81 protruding from the discharge port 41 by the shut-off pin 51 in a state where the pressure of the modeling material 81 to be discharged from the discharge port 41 is weakened, the modeling material 81 in the discharge port 41. Divided from.

Therefore, when the discharge of the modeling material 81 is temporarily stopped, a part of the modeling material 81 can be made difficult to extend in a state where a thread is pulled from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 to the three-dimensional model 8.
Therefore, according to the manufacturing apparatus 1 and the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure 8, it is possible to obtain a desired three-dimensional structure that is formed by laminating various modeling materials having different lengths, and an extra surface is formed on the surface. A modeling part can be made hard to be formed.

(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, the manufacturing apparatus 1 in which the pressurizing unit 3 of the apparatus main body 11 is configured differently from the screw 31 is shown.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the pressurizing unit 3 can be configured by a piston 34 that slides in the cylinder unit 2. In this case, when discharging the modeling material 81, the control computer 14 moves the piston 34 in the discharging direction F of the modeling material 81, while temporarily stopping the discharging of the modeling material 81. Moves the piston 34 in the direction opposite to the discharge direction F of the modeling material 81. The piston 34 can be slid by a drive source 511 such as an air cylinder or an actuator that generates thrust in the axial direction of the cylinder portion 2.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a passage 40 provided with a gear pump 35 can be formed at a position adjacent to the discharge direction F with respect to the cylinder portion 2 where the piston 34 is disposed. In this case, when the modeling material 81 is discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4, the gear pump 35 is rotated in the normal rotation direction for feeding the modeling material 81. On the other hand, when the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 is temporarily stopped, the gear pump 35 is rotated in the reverse rotation direction opposite to the normal rotation direction. Then, by rotating the gear pump 35 in the reverse rotation direction, the modeling material 81 in the passage 40 can be made to flow backward in the direction opposite to the discharge direction F. Thereby, the modeling material 81 discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 provided at the tip of the passage 40 can be divided by the rotation of the gear pump 35 in the reverse rotation direction.

  Further, when the modeling material 81 is discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4, the piston 34 can be moved in the discharge direction F of the modeling material 81 and the gear pump 35 can be rotated in the forward rotation direction. On the other hand, when the discharge of the modeling material 81 is temporarily stopped, the piston 34 can be moved in a direction opposite to the discharge direction F of the modeling material 81 and the gear pump 35 can be rotated in the reverse rotation direction. A heater for heating the modeling material 81 can be provided around the gear pump 35 in the passage 40.

Although not shown, the passage 40 is provided with a first passage portion through which the modeling material 81 pressurized by the piston 34 passes and a second passage portion through which the modeling material 81 is sent out by the gear pump 35. You can also Also in this case, the piston 34 and the gear pump 35 can be operated in the same manner as described above when discharging the molding material 81 and temporarily stopping the discharge.
Also in this embodiment, the other configurations and the reference numerals in the figure are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same effects as those in the first embodiment can be obtained.

(Embodiment 3)
In the present embodiment, a manufacturing apparatus 1 in which the opening / closing mechanism 5 provided in the nozzle portion 4 is configured differently from the shut-off pin 51 is shown.
As shown in FIG. 8, the opening / closing mechanism 5 opens the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 in response to an increase in the pressure of the modeling material 81 by the screw 31, whereas the opening / closing mechanism 5 uses the screw 31 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 can be closed in response to a decrease in the pressure of the modeling material 81. The opening / closing mechanism 5 can be constituted by an elastically deformable sheet 42 that closes the discharge tip of the nozzle portion 4. The sheet 42 is provided with a cut 421 constituting the discharge port 41. Here, in FIG. 8, the state in which the elastic deformation of the sheet 42 is returned to the original state is indicated by a two-dot chain line. Further, in FIG. 10, a state where the cut 421 is opened is indicated by a two-dot chain line.

  When the sheet 42 receives pressure in the discharge direction F of the modeling material 81, as shown in FIG. 8, the sheet 42 is elastically deformed and bent, and the notch 421 of the sheet 42 is opened so that the modeling material 81 is removed. Discharge. On the other hand, when the pressure in the discharge direction F of the modeling material 81 applied to the sheet 42 is weakened, the elastic deformation of the sheet 42 is restored to the original as shown in FIGS. Closes. Then, when the cut 421 of the sheet 42 is closed, the modeling material 81 discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 is divided from the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4. Thereby, the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 is temporarily stopped.

In this case, it is not necessary to open and close the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 by various actuators 511, and the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 is opened and closed using the pressure of the modeling material 81 in the nozzle unit 4. be able to. Therefore, the opening / closing mechanism 5 can be formed with a very simple configuration.
Also in this embodiment, the other configurations and the reference numerals in the figure are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same effects as those in the first embodiment can be obtained.

(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, instead of providing the opening / closing mechanism 5 in the nozzle portion 4A, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the nozzle portion 4A has an inner wall surface of the passage 40 through which the modeling material 81 passes in the nozzle portion 4A. A manufacturing apparatus 1 in which a spiral protrusion 43 centered on a central axis is formed and a nozzle portion 4A is provided to be rotatable about the central axis with respect to a tip portion of a cylinder portion 2 is shown.
The apparatus main body 11 is provided with a rotation actuator 431 that rotates the nozzle portion 4A. The control computer 14 is configured to operate the rotary actuator 431 to rotate the nozzle portion 4A around the central axis when temporarily stopping the discharge of the modeling material 81.

  As shown in FIG. 12, when the control computer 14 temporarily stops the discharge of the modeling material 81, the thrust by the spiral projection 43 of the nozzle portion 4 </ b> A is discharged in the discharge direction with respect to the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4 </ b> A. The nozzle portion 4A is rotated in the rotation direction given in the direction opposite to F. At this time, the pressure applied in the discharge direction F to the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4A is weakened, and the modeling material 81 discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4A becomes the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4A. Divided from.

Further, when the control computer 14 temporarily stops the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the nozzle portion 4A, the control computer 14 moves the screw 31 or the piston 34 as the pressurizing unit 3 to move the modeling material in the cylinder unit 2. Reduce pressure of 81. The discharge port of the nozzle part 4A is combined with the decrease in the pressure of the modeling material 81 in the cylinder part 2 and the application of the pressure in the direction opposite to the discharge direction F by the spiral projection 43 of the nozzle part 4A. The modeling material 81 discharged from 41 can be separated from the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4A. Thereby, when the discharge of the modeling material 81 is temporarily stopped, a part of the modeling material 81 can be made difficult to extend in a state in which a thread is pulled from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4A to the three-dimensional model 8.
Also in this embodiment, the other configurations and the reference numerals in the figure are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same effects as those in the first embodiment can be obtained.

(Embodiment 5)
In this embodiment, instead of providing the opening / closing mechanism 5 in the nozzle portion 4, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, a manufacturing apparatus 1 in which a gas blowing port 6 is provided in the nozzle portion 4 is shown.
The gas blowing port 6 blows the gas A onto the modeling material 81 that passes through the passage 40 in the nozzle portion 4. A gas supply source 61 is connected to the gas blowing port 6 via a pipe 62. The gas supply source 61 can be a compressor or the like that generates positive pressure air. Further, the gas blowing port 6 may be provided with a gas opening / closing mechanism 63 that opens the gas blowing port 6 when starting the blowing of the gas A and closes the gas blowing port 6 when temporarily stopping the blowing of the gas A. it can.

The gas opening / closing mechanism 63 slides in the direction of the central axis of the gas blowing port 6 to open and close the gas blowing port 6 or slides in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the central axis of the gas blowing port 6 to open the gas blowing port 6. It can be a valve that opens and closes.
As shown in FIG. 13, the control computer 14 closes the gas blowing port 6 by the gas opening / closing mechanism 63 when discharging the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 14, the control computer 14 opens the gas blowing port 6 by the gas opening / closing mechanism 63 when temporarily stopping the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4. At this time, the gas A is sprayed from the gas blowing port 6 to the modeling material 81 passing through the passage 40 in the nozzle portion 4, and the modeling material 81 is cooled by the gas A having a temperature lower than that of the modeling material 81. In response to the pressure of the gas A, the modeling material 81 is divided.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 15, the gas blowing port 6 can be provided in the vicinity of the opening of the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4. In this case, the discharge port 41 can be formed with a reduced taper portion 641 whose opening cross-sectional area decreases in the discharge direction F and an enlarged taper portion 642 whose opening cross-sectional area increases in the discharge direction F. . Further, the gas blowing port 6 can be formed in a state of opening to the enlarged taper portion 642. Then, the gas A is blown from the gas blowing port 6 onto the modeling material 81 discharged from the minimum diameter portion 643 located between the reduced taper portion 641 and the enlarged taper portion 642, thereby discharging the nozzle 4. The modeling material 81 discharged from 41 can be separated from the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4.

In addition, when the control computer 14 temporarily stops the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the nozzle unit 4, the control computer 14 moves the screw 31 or the piston 34 as the pressurizing unit 3 to move the modeling material in the cylinder unit 2. Reduce pressure of 81. Then, the pressure reduction of the modeling material 81 in the cylinder part 2 and the blowing of the gas A from the gas blowing port 6 to the modeling material 81 are combined and discharged from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4. The modeling material 81 can be separated from the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4. Thereby, when the discharge of the modeling material 81 is temporarily stopped, a part of the modeling material 81 can be made difficult to extend in a state in which a thread is pulled from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle portion 4 to the three-dimensional model 8.
Also in this embodiment, the other configurations and the reference numerals in the figure are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same effects as those in the first embodiment can be obtained.

(Embodiment 6)
In the present embodiment, a manufacturing apparatus 1 in which a nozzle 4 is provided with a temperature adjusting mechanism 7 for adjusting the temperature of the discharge port 41 of the nozzle 4 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 16, the temperature adjustment mechanism 7 includes a heating unit 71 that heats the modeling material 81 in the nozzle unit 4 and a cooling unit 72 that cools the modeling material 81 in the nozzle unit 4. can do. In this case, when the control computer 14 discharges the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4, the control computer 14 heats the modeling material 81 in the nozzle unit 4 by the heating unit 71. When the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 is temporarily stopped, the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4 can be cooled by the cooling means 72.

The heating means 71 can be configured by a means for heating by energization. The cooling unit 72 is an air cooling unit that blows cooling air to cool the modeling material 81, a water cooling unit that flows cooling water around the nozzle portion 4 to cool the modeling material 81, and a joint between two kinds of metals It can be constituted by a Peltier element using the Peltier effect in which heat moves when an electric current is passed.
The nozzle unit 4 may be provided with a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the modeling material 81 that passes through the nozzle unit 4. In this case, the control computer 14 can appropriately control the temperature of the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 measured by the temperature sensor.

Further, the temperature adjusting mechanism 7 can be configured by only the cooling means 72 for cooling the modeling material 81 in the nozzle portion 4 without using the heating means 71. In this case, when the discharge of the modeling material 81 from the discharge port 41 of the nozzle unit 4 is temporarily stopped, the modeling material 81 in the nozzle unit 4 can be cooled by the cooling unit 72.
Also in this embodiment, the other configurations and the reference numerals in the figure are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same effects as those in the first embodiment can be obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Manufacturing apparatus 11 Apparatus main body 12 Stage 13 Relative movement mechanism 14 Control computer 2 Cylinder part 3 Pressurization part 31 Screw 311 Spiral protrusion 34 Piston 4 Nozzle part 41 Discharge port 5 Opening / closing mechanism 6 Gas blowing port 7 Temperature adjustment mechanism 8 Three-dimensional modeling Material 81 Material for modeling F Discharge direction

Claims (14)

A cylinder part for storing a modeling material for modeling a three-dimensional modeled object, a pressurizing part for pressurizing the modeling material in the cylinder part, and a nozzle part for discharging the modeling material pressed by the pressurizing part An apparatus body having
A stage on which the modeling material discharged from the discharge port of the nozzle part is stacked;
A relative movement mechanism for relatively moving the stage and the apparatus main body in three dimensions;
A control computer for controlling the operation of the pressure unit and the relative movement mechanism,
The control computer applies pressure applied to the modeling material by the pressurizing unit when the ejection of the modeling material is temporarily stopped, and applies the pressure to the modeling material by the pressurizing unit when discharging the modeling material. An apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure, which is configured to reduce the pressure applied.   The discharge port of the said nozzle part is a manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item of Claim 1 currently formed in the shape which has a some corner | angular part. The nozzle part is provided with an opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the discharge port of the nozzle part,
When the control computer temporarily stops the discharge of the modeling material, the control computer closes the discharge port of the nozzle portion by the opening / closing mechanism, and on the other hand, the discharge computer discharges the modeling material by the opening / closing mechanism. The manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item of Claim 1 or 2 comprised so that the discharge outlet of a nozzle part may be opened. The opening and closing mechanism is configured by a pin or a valve that closes the discharge port of the nozzle unit under the control of the operation by the control computer,
The said pin or the said valve | bulb retreats from the said nozzle part, and opens the said discharge outlet, While approaching the said nozzle part, the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item of Claim 3 which closes the said discharge outlet.   The opening / closing mechanism opens the discharge port of the nozzle portion in response to an increase in the pressure of the modeling material by the pressure unit, and receives the decrease in the pressure of the modeling material by the pressure unit. The manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item of Claim 3 which has a structure which closes the discharge outlet of this. On the inner wall surface of the passage through which the modeling material passes in the nozzle portion, a spiral projection centering on the central axis of the nozzle portion is formed,
When the control computer temporarily stops the discharge of the modeling material, the control computer rotates the nozzle portion around the central axis, and the thrust by the spiral protrusion of the nozzle portion is the discharge direction of the modeling material. The manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item of Claim 1 or 2 comprised so that it may give in the reverse direction. The nozzle part is provided with a gas blowing port for blowing gas to the modeling material that passes through the passage in the nozzle part, or the modeling material discharged from the discharge port of the nozzle part,
The control computer is configured to cool and divide the modeling material by a gas blown from the gas blowing port to the modeling material when the ejection of the modeling material is temporarily stopped. The manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item of 1 or 2. The pressurizing part is constituted by a screw having a spiral protrusion formed on the outer peripheral surface,
The control computer rotates the screw in the forward direction when discharging the modeling material, while rotating the screw in the reverse direction when temporarily stopping the discharge of the modeling material. Or the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item as described in any one of Claims 1-7 comprised so that this screw may be moved to the reverse direction to the discharge direction of the said modeling material. The pressurizing part is constituted by a piston that slides in the cylinder part,
The control computer moves the piston in the discharge direction of the modeling material when discharging the modeling material, and on the other hand, temporarily stops the discharge of the modeling material. The manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item as described in any one of Claims 1-7 comprised so that it may move to the reverse direction with the discharge direction of the modeling material.   The said nozzle part is a manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional molded item as described in any one of Claims 1-9 provided with the temperature adjustment mechanism for adjusting the temperature of the discharge outlet of this nozzle part. In the method of modeling a three-dimensional object by pressurizing a modeling material in the apparatus main body, discharging the modeling material from the discharge port of the nozzle part in the apparatus main body and laminating on the stage,
When the discharge of the modeling material from the discharge port of the nozzle portion is temporarily stopped and the stacking of the modeling material on the stage is interrupted, the pressure applied to the modeling material in the apparatus body is set to the nozzle The manufacturing method of the three-dimensional molded item which reduces more than the pressure added to this modeling material in the said apparatus main body when discharging the said modeling material from the discharge port of a part, and laminating | stacking the said modeling material on the said stage.   The solid modeling object according to claim 11, wherein when the discharge of the modeling material from the discharge port of the nozzle part is temporarily stopped, the discharge port of the nozzle part is closed, or the modeling material is divided. Production method.   The manufacturing method of the three-dimensional molded item according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the modeling material is a solid resin.   The manufacturing method of the three-dimensional molded item according to claim 13, wherein the solid resin is in a pellet form.

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