JP2016195491A - Power generating system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generating system capable of preventing an operational state of an engine from becoming unstable, exhaust emission from worsening, and the engine from being stalled when power load is provided to the engine.SOLUTION: The power generating system includes simulation load control means 32, for determining a theoretical simulation load amount and performing simulation load control for controlling simulation load adjustment means 31 on the basis of the determined theoretical simulation load amount so that an instantaneous total load amount does not exceed a maximum allowable output of an engine 10a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention includes a generator that is driven to rotate by an engine to generate power, and a power load circuit breaker that can disconnect a power load on a user side in the generator, and the power is output while the engine is driven. The load circuit breaker is switched from a parallel state to a parallel state, and power load input control is performed to input the power load to the generator, and the engine is maintained so that the output voltage of the generator is maintained at a specified voltage. The present invention relates to a power generation system including power generation control means for executing engine output control for controlling the output of the power.

In a facility provided with a power load such as an electric device, received power of a reference voltage (for example, 6600 V) and a reference frequency (for example, 60 Hz) received from a normal commercial power system is supplied to the power load. In addition, the facility may be provided with a power generation system such as a cogeneration system capable of generating power linked to a commercial power system and supplying the generated power of the reference voltage and the reference frequency to the power load.
As such a power generation system, in the event of a power failure that stops receiving power from the commercial power system, with the generator disconnected from the commercial power system, the engine that drives the generator is started and the generator operates independently, When the generator voltage is established and stable power generation is possible, a part or all of the power load to be supplied during a power outage is input to the generator and engine, and the specified load What is comprised so that the electric power feeding to may be continued is known (for example, refer patent document 1).

JP 2007-006595 A

  In the power generation system as described above, when a power load is input to the engine, a relatively large power load is input in a relatively short time. In this case, in particular, the operating state of the engine becomes unstable, and there is a possibility that problems such as increase of NOx in the exhaust gas and deterioration of exhaust emission or engine stall may occur.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. The purpose of the present invention is to make the engine operating state unstable when an electric power load is applied to the engine, to deteriorate exhaust emission, or to cause the engine to stall. An object of the present invention is to provide a power generation system that can prevent such a situation.

A power generation system for achieving the above object is as follows:
A generator that is rotationally driven by an engine to generate electricity;
A power load breaker capable of disconnecting a user-side power load in the generator;
When the engine is driven, the power load circuit breaker is switched from the disconnected state to the parallel state, and power load input control is performed to input the power load to the generator, and the output voltage of the generator is A power generation system including power generation control means for executing engine output control for controlling the output of the engine so as to be maintained at a specified voltage, the characteristic configuration is:
A power load measuring means for measuring a power load as power consumption of the power load;
Apart from the power load, a simulated load that consumes the power generated by the generator,
A simulated load amount adjusting means disposed at a connection between the generator and the simulated load and capable of changing a simulated load amount as power consumption of the simulated load;
The current power load measured by the power load measuring means, the theoretical simulated load as the power consumption of the simulated load with the current power load as a parameter, and the current power load The instantaneous total load amount, which is the sum of the theoretical input amount and the theoretical input amount determined by a theoretical input amount relational expression that standardizes load input performance to the engine using the theoretical simulated load amount as a parameter, is instantaneously An instantaneous total load derivation means for deriving as an instantaneous total load on
The simulated load input for determining the theoretical simulated load amount so that the instantaneous total load amount does not exceed the maximum allowable output of the engine and controlling the simulated load amount adjusting means based on the determined theoretical simulated load amount It is in the point provided with the simulation load control means which performs control.

Conventionally, when a load is applied to an engine in a power generation system, in order to ensure the stability of engine operation when the load is applied to the engine, for example, as shown in FIG. Determine the allowable engine input.
The allowable engine input amount is determined by the following [Equation 1] and [Equation 2].
f (x) = − (P ₀ /1.1P)·x+P ₀ (Equation 1)
f (x) = − x + P (2)
Here, P ₀ is the initial load input amount, and P is the rated output of the engine.
Here, as shown in FIG. 6, [Formula 1] is adopted in the case of x ≦ x _1, in the case of x> x ₁ is [Formula 2] is employed.
Here, x ₁ is the value of x at the intersection of [Equation 1] and [Equation 2], and is the value shown in [Equation 3] below.
x ₁ = 1.1P · (P−P ₀ ) / (1.1P−P ₀ ) ·· [Equation 3]

For example, when the initial load input amount P ₀ is 400 kW and the rated load amount P of the engine is 1000 kW, [Equation 1] and [Equation 2] indicating the allowable engine input amount are as shown in FIG. Become. Here, when the current output of the engine (load amount carried by the engine) is 400 kW, the input amount that can be instantaneously input to the engine is 255 kW.

In the present invention, separately from the power load, the simulated load that consumes the generated power of the generator and the simulated load amount as the power consumption of the simulated load that is arranged at the connection between the generator and the simulated load can be changed. And a simulated load amount adjusting means.
Thus, in a power generation system equipped with a simulated load, before the power load is applied to the engine, the simulated load is carried in advance and the simulated load is disconnected at the same time as the power load is applied. In this manner, it is possible to increase the amount of load that can be instantaneously input to the engine.
As shown in FIG. 7, the theoretical input possible amount that is the engine allowable input amount in this case is determined by the following [Equation 4] and [Equation 5].
g (x, W) = f (x + W) + W (4)
g (x, W) = − x + P (Equation 5)
Here, W is a simulated load, as shown in FIG. 7, [Formula 4] is employed in the case of x ≦ x _2, in the case of x> x ₂ is [Equation 5] it is employed.
Here, x ₂ is the value of x at the point of intersection with the [equation 4] and [Equation 5] is a value shown in the following [Equation 6].
x ₂ = {P ₀ · W + 1.1P (P−P ₀ −W)} / (1.1P−P ₀ ) (Equation 6)

  Hereinafter, when the initial load input amount is 400 kW and the rated output of the engine is 1000 kW, the theoretical input amount is represented by a graph as shown in FIG. An example of calculating the possible amount is shown.

[Example 1] When the current power load amount is 0 kW and the simulated load amount is 400 kW, the theoretical input possible amount is the following value.
Y1 = g (0,400) = f (400) + 400 = 255 + 400 = 655 kW

[Example 2] When the current power load amount is 200 kW and the simulated load amount is 400 kW, the theoretical simulated load amount becomes the following value.
Y2 = g (200,400) = f (600) + 400 = 182 + 400 = 582 kW

[Example 3] Next, consider a case where the current power load is 300 kW and the simulated load is 400 kW. In this case, the theoretical input possible amount is as follows.
g (300,400) = f (700) + 400 = 145 + 400 = 545 kW

Here, when the above theoretical input possible amount is input to the engine, at the same time when the theoretical input possible amount is input, a control command for controlling the simulated load from the parallel state to the disconnected state is output. The timing at which the control is executed is delayed from the time when the theoretical input possible amount is input due to the delay of the control system.
For this reason, in the case of Example 3, as shown in FIG. 8, when the theoretical input amount is input to the engine, the theoretical input amount y1, the current power load amount y2, and the current simulated load are instantaneously input. The total instantaneous load amount Y3 with the amount y3 is applied.
Y3 = y1 + y2 + y3 = g (300, 400) + 300 + 400
= 545 + 300 + 400 = 1245kW

Here, in an engine, 1.1 times the rated output P is normally defined as the maximum allowable output. In [Example 3], the maximum allowable output is 1100 kW.
Therefore, in the case of [Example 3], the total instantaneous total load Y3 (1245 kW) applied to the engine instantaneously exceeds the maximum allowable output (1100 kW) of the engine, which may cause serious damage to the engine. There is.

Therefore, in the present invention, the instantaneous total load amount deriving unit calculates the current power load amount y2 measured by the power load amount measuring unit and the power consumption of the simulated load using the current power load amount as a parameter. Theoretically simulated load amount y3, the current power load amount y2 and the current theoretical simulated load amount y3 are used as parameters, and the theoretical loadable amount relational expression [Expression 4] [Expression] 5], the total instantaneous load amount Y3 in total with the theoretical input possible amount y1 determined in step 5] is derived.
The simulated load control means determines the theoretical simulated load quantity y3 so that the instantaneous total load quantity Y3 does not exceed the maximum allowable output of the engine, and based on the determined theoretical simulated load quantity y3, the simulated load quantity adjusting means By executing the simulated load input control for controlling the engine load, the instantaneous total load amount Y3 can be suitably prevented from exceeding the maximum allowable output of the engine even at the moment of switching between the simulated load and the power load.
As a result, the power generation system can suitably prevent the engine from causing a serious failure, can prevent the engine operating state from becoming unstable, can improve exhaust emission, and can prevent the engine from stalling. Can provide.

A further characteristic configuration of the power generation system of the present invention is:
The simulated load control means includes
The theoretical simulated load amount is determined using the current power load amount as a parameter so that the instantaneous total load amount becomes equal to the maximum allowable output of the engine, and
The theoretically available amount is determined by using the current power load amount and the theoretical simulated load amount as parameters so that the instantaneous total load amount becomes equal to the maximum allowable output of the engine.

According to the above characteristic configuration, the simulated load control means can determine the theoretical simulated load amount as a parameter so that the instantaneous total load amount is equal to the maximum allowable output of the engine, and can be theoretically input. The amount is determined using the current power load amount and the theoretical simulation load amount as parameters so that the instantaneous total load amount becomes equal to the maximum allowable output of the engine. As a result, the theoretical simulation load amount can be determined to the maximum allowable value, and thus the theoretical input amount that can be input in the next period can be determined to the maximum allowable value.
As a result, the maximum amount of power load that can be input in the next period can be set to the maximum theoretical input amount, and the minimum amount can be set to the theoretical input amount subtracted from the theoretical simulated load amount. Can be set to a width of

A further characteristic configuration of the power generation system of the present invention is:
The simulated load control means includes
When the rated simulated load amount, which is the rated power consumption of the simulated load, is less than the theoretical simulated load amount in the current power load amount, the simulated load power adjusting means converts the simulated load power consumption into the rated simulation. Control to the load amount,
When the theoretical simulated load amount in the current power load amount is less than or equal to the rated simulated load amount that is the rated power consumption of the simulated load, and less than or equal to the theoretical input possible amount in the current power load amount, The simulated load amount adjusting means controls the power consumption of the simulated load to the theoretical simulated load amount in the current power load amount,
When the theoretically possible input amount in the current power load amount is less than the theoretical simulated load amount in the current power load amount, the simulated load amount adjusting means calculates the power consumption of the simulated load in the current power amount. The point is to control the theoretical input possible amount in the load amount.

As described above, the simulated load control means determines the theoretical simulated load amount y3 using the current power load amount x as a parameter so that the instantaneous total load amount Y3 becomes equal to the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine. When determining the possible input amount y1 using the current power load amount x and the theoretical simulated load amount y3 as parameters so that the instantaneous total load amount Y3 becomes equal to the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine, the following relational expression [formula 7] holds.
y2 + y3 + y1 = Y3 = Pmax (Equation 7)

When the equation is transformed with the theoretical simulated load y3 having the current power load x as a parameter as W ₂ (x),
x + W ₂ (x) + g (x, W ₂ (x)) = Pmax
⇔
x + W ₂ (x) + f (x + W ₂ (x)) + W ₂ (x) = Pmax
⇔
x + W ₂ (x) −P ₀ /1.1P·(x+W ₂ (x)) + P ₀ + W ₂ (x) = Pmax
⇔
W ₂ (x) = 1 / G · {x (P ₀ /1.1P−1)−P ₀ + Pmax} (Equation 8)
However, G = 2−P ₀ /1.1P
Furthermore, the theoretical input possible amount y1 is
y ₁ (x) = g (x + W ₂ (x)) (Equation 9)

Here, when the rated simulated load amount is W ₁ (x) = W0, the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x), and the theoretical input possible amount y ₁ (x) are shown in a graph, it is shown in FIG. It becomes the graph figure like this.

In the present invention, basically, the simulated load amount is set to the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x) derived above, but when the current power load amount is small, FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x) may exceed the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x) in calculation. However, the simulated load amount cannot be set exceeding the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x).
Therefore, in the present invention, the simulated load control means, the rated simulated load W ₁ (x) is, if less than the theoretical simulated load W ₂ (x), the nominal simulated load W ₁ a (x) Set to simulated load.

On the other hand, when the current power load amount is sufficiently large, as shown in FIG. 3, even if the rated output of the engine is exceeded, there remains a situation in the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x). Unnecessary power is consumed by the remaining simulated load amount, which is not preferable.
Therefore, in the present invention, the simulated load control means sets the adjusted simulated load amount W ₃ (x) as follows so that the simulated load amount becomes 0 at the rated output.
W ₃ (x) = − x + P (Equation 10)
When the adjusted simulated load amount W ₃ (x) is less than the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x), the adjusted simulated load amount W ₃ (x) is set as the simulated load amount.

Finally, the simulated load control means uses the theoretical simulated load amount when the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x) is equal to or less than the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x) and equal to or less than the theoretical input possible amount W ₃ (x). W ₂ (x) is set as the simulated load amount.
As a result, the simulated load amount W (x) set by the simulated load control means using the current power load amount x as a parameter is set as shown in the following [Equation 11]. In FIGS. It will be set along the graph shown.

W (x) = W ₁ (x) (when W ₁ (x) <W ₂ (x))
= W ₂ (x) (W ₂ (x) ≦ W ₁ (x), W ₃ (x))
= W ₃ (x) (W ₃ (x) <W ₂ (x)) ......... [Equation 11]

Schematic configuration diagram of a power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention Flow chart related to power generation control of power generation system during power outage Graph showing the rated simulated load, theoretical simulated load, and theoretical input capacity Graph showing the simulated load input in simulated load input control The graph figure which shows the simulated load amount thrown in simulated load throw control, and the load throw amount determined based on the said simulated load amount Graph showing the allowable engine input that can be input to the engine in the next term A graph showing the theoretically available amount that can be input to the engine in the next period, including simulated load Graph showing an example where the instantaneous total load on the engine exceeds the maximum allowable output of the engine The graph which shows the time-dependent change of the present electric power load amount, the simulated load amount, and the instantaneous total load amount instantaneously related to the engine

A power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The power generation system shown in FIG. 1 is provided in a facility such as a business establishment having a power load 40 that consumes the received power received from the commercial power system 21, and a power outage that stops receiving power from the commercial power system 21 has occurred. Sometimes, the system is configured as a system for supplying the generated power P10 generated by the power generation device 10 to the power load 40.
The commercial power system 21 is provided with a power load 40 via a power line L1, a circuit breaker 26 provided on the power line L1, and the like. The received power received from the commercial power system 21 is the power line L1, The electric power is supplied to the electric power load 40 through the circuit breaker 26 provided on the electric power line L1. The power load 40 is at least a part of the power load such as an important load among all the power loads of the facility, such as an emergency facility such as a compressor, a pump, an elevator, or a medical device.
Further, a power load amount measuring device 25 (an example of a power load amount measuring unit) that measures a power load amount P40 as power consumption of the power load 40 is provided at a connection portion of the power load 40 with respect to the power line L1.

The power generation system includes a power generation device 10 and a power generation control device 15 (an example of power generation control means) that performs operation control of the power generation device 10 and the like.
The power generation device 10 is configured to be able to supply the power load 40 with generated power P10 having the same reference voltage (for example, 6600 V) and reference frequency (for example, 60 Hz) as the received power of the commercial power system 21. Furthermore, the power generation device 10 is configured as a cogeneration system that generates heat as power is generated.

The power generation apparatus 10 is configured as a general power generation apparatus that generates power in a form in which a generator 10b is driven by an engine 10a and outputs generated power P10. Although illustration is omitted, the power generation device 10 includes a power converter that converts the generated power P10 of the generator 10b into a reference voltage and a reference frequency, a cell motor that starts the engine 10a using the stored power of the battery, and the like. Is provided. Then, the power generation control device 15 can start the engine 10a independently by the cell motor even when there is no external power supply, and the power generation control device 15 sets the rotation speed of the engine 10a to a desired rated rotation speed. The output control for controlling the output of the engine 10a is executed so that the output voltage of the machine 10b is maintained at the specified voltage.
The output side of the generated power P <b> 10 is connected to the power line L <b> 2 through the power load circuit breaker 13, and the power line L <b> 2 is connected to the power line L <b> 1 through the power load circuit breaker 27.
That is, the power load circuit breaker 13 and the power load circuit breaker 27 are configured so that the power load 40 can be disconnected from the generator 10b.

The power generation system is provided with a system interconnection protection relay 22 that measures a power reception voltage received by the power line L1 from the commercial power system 21. That is, the grid interconnection protection relay 22 functions as a power failure detection unit that monitors the measurement result of the received voltage and detects a power failure that stops receiving power from the commercial power system 21 based on the result.
On the other hand, as will be described in detail later, the power generation control device 15 switches the circuit breaker 26 to the disconnected state at the time of a power failure when the power failure is detected based on the measurement result of the grid connection protection relay 22, and the power line L <b> 1 from the commercial power system 21. In the state where the engine 10a is started, the power load circuit breaker 13 and the power load circuit breaker 27 are switched from the parallel state to the parallel state, and the power load 40 is input to the generator 10b. Execute feed control.
In addition, like the power load 40, the power load 40 that is input to the generator 10b after the engine 10a is started may be referred to as an initial load.

The power generation system includes a simulated load 30 including a load resistor that consumes the generated power P10 of the generator 10b, in addition to the power load 40 in the facility. The simulated load 30 is connected to the power line L2. The voltage regulator 31 and the transformer 28 described later are connected.
That is, the generated power P10 of the generator 10b supplied to the power line L2 via the power load circuit breaker 13 is reduced to a predetermined voltage by the transformer 28 and then supplied to the simulated load 30 via the voltage regulator 31. it can.

  The voltage regulator 31 is disposed at a connection portion between the generator 10b and the simulated load 30, and is configured by a thyristor chopper controller that can change the voltage of the power supplied to the simulated load 30. That is, the voltage regulator 31 functions as a simulated load amount adjusting unit that can change the simulated load amount P30 of the simulated load 30 by adjusting the voltage of the electric power supplied to the simulated load 30.

As the simulated load 30, an electrical resistor such as a heater that is a power load capable of switching the state of power consumption regardless of the intention of the consumer, a rotary load resistor that consumes power as a rotational load, or the like is used. Has been. Further, when the electric resistor is used as the simulated load 30, the generated heat can be used for the heat, for example, directly radiated by a fan, or the heat recovered by the cooling water of the engine 10a.
In addition, you may supply the electric power by which the voltage was reduced with the transformer 28 to the auxiliary machine etc. of the electric power generating apparatus 10. FIG. In this case, in the present embodiment, the generated power of the generator 10b is handled as the power consumed by the auxiliary machine.

The power generation system of the present embodiment is provided with a simulated load 30 and a voltage regulator 31 that functions as a simulated load amount adjusting means at a connection portion of the simulated load 30 to the generator 10b, and then the generated power of the generator 10b. Initial simulated load input control (simulated load input) for controlling the voltage regulator 31 based on the measurement result of the power load measuring device 25 so that P10 is maintained at a predetermined reference generation power or higher that enables stable operation of the engine 10a. A simulated load control device 32 (an example of simulated load control means) is provided for executing (an example of control).
Furthermore, in the power generation system of the present embodiment, the simulated load control device 32 determines the theoretical simulated load amount so that the instantaneous total load amount instantaneously applied to the engine 10a does not exceed the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine 10a, Based on the determined theoretical simulated load amount, re-simulated load input control (an example of simulated load input control) for controlling the voltage regulator 31 as the simulated load amount adjusting means is executed.

In the power generation system according to the present embodiment, in order to ensure the stability of operation of the engine 10a when the load is applied to the engine 10a, the load input amount to the engine 10a is input according to a specific load input control method. ing. Hereinafter, before explaining the initial simulated load input control and the re-simulated load input control, the load input control method will be described.
In the power generation system according to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, an allowable engine input amount that can be instantaneously input is determined for each input load amount.
The allowable engine input amount is determined by the following [Equation 1] and [Equation 2].
f (x) = − (P ₀ /1.1P)·x+P ₀ (Equation 1)
f (x) = − x + P (2)
Here, P ₀ is an initial load input amount, and P is a rated output of the engine 10a.
Here, as shown in FIG. 6, [Formula 1] is adopted in the case of x ≦ x _1, in the case of x> x ₁ is [Formula 2] is employed.
Here, x ₁ is the value of x at the intersection of [Equation 1] and [Equation 2], and is the value shown in [Equation 3] below.
x ₁ = 1.1P (P−P ₀ ) / (1.1P−P ₀ ) .. [Equation 3]

For example, when the initial load input amount P ₀ is 400 kW and the rated load amount P of the engine 10a is 1000 kW, [Equation 1] and [Equation 2] indicating the allowable engine input amount are graphs as shown in FIG. It becomes. Here, when the current output of the engine 10a (the load amount carried by the engine 10a) is 400 kW, the input amount that can be instantaneously input to the engine 10a is 255 kW.

In the power generation system according to the embodiment of the present invention, separately from the power load 40, the simulation load 30 that consumes the generated power of the generator 10 b and the connection portion between the generator 10 b and the simulation load 30 are simulated. A voltage regulator 31 as a simulated load amount adjusting means capable of changing the simulated load amount of the load 30 is provided.
In this configuration, before the power load 40 is input to the engine 10a, the simulated load 30 is carried in advance, and the simulated load 30 is disconnected at the same time as the power load 40 is input. The amount of power load that can be instantaneously supplied can be increased.
As shown in FIG. 7, the theoretical input possible amount that is the engine allowable input amount in this case is determined by the following [Equation 4] and [Equation 5].
g (x, W) = f (x + W) + W (4)
g (x) = − x + P (Equation 5)
Here, as shown in FIG. 7, [Expression 4] is adopted when x ≦ x ₂ , and [Expression 5] is adopted when x> x ₂ .
Here, x ₂ is the value of x at the point of intersection with the [equation 4] and [Equation 5] is a value shown in the following [Equation 6].
x ₂ = {P ₀ · W + 1.1P (P−P ₀ −W)} / (1.1P−P ₀ ) (Equation 6)

  Hereinafter, when the initial load input amount is 400 kW and the rated output of the engine 10a is 1000 kW, the theoretical input possible amount is represented by a graph as shown in FIG. An example of calculating the possible input amount will be shown.

[Example 1] When the current power load amount is 0 kW and the simulated load amount is 400 kW, the theoretical input possible amount is the following value.
Y1 = g (0,400) = f (400) + 400 = 255 + 400 = 655 kW

[Example 2] When the current power load amount is 200 kW and the simulated load amount is 400 kW, the theoretical simulated load amount becomes the following value.
Y2 = g (200,400) = f (600) + 400 = 182 + 400 = 582 kW

In the power generation system according to the embodiment of the present invention, a load is input on the premise of the load input control method described above. In the following, the processing flow of power load input control, initial simulated load input control, and re-simulated load input control at the time of a power failure executed by the power generation system at the time of a power failure will be described based on FIG. 2 and FIG. To do.
In the control example shown in FIG. 9, the relationship between the description, during the time T ₇ ~ time T _8, the instantaneous load applied to the engine 10a, shows a exceeding the maximum allowed output Pmax of the engine 10a However, in the power generation system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the simulated load amount of the simulated load 30 is controlled so that the load applied to the engine 10a does not instantaneously exceed the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine 10a. It is about what can be.

At the time of a power failure in which a power failure is detected from the measurement result of the grid interconnection protection relay 22 (yes side of step # 1 in FIG. 2, time T _{0 in} FIG. 9), the power generation control device 15 is connected to the power load breaker 13 and The power load circuit breaker 27 is switched to a disconnected state (non-energized state), and in a state where the power load 40 is disconnected from the generator 10b, the cell motor is operated by the stored power to start the engine 10a independently (FIG. 2). Step # 2).
In the case where the power load 40 is an important load, the stored power may be supplied to the power load 40 when a power failure is detected.
Then, from time T ₀ to time T ₁ in FIG. 9, the rotational speed of the engine 10a increases, and accordingly, the power generation voltage of the generator 10b driven to rotate by the engine 10a increases.

Next, the power generation control device 15 determines that the rotational speed of the engine 10a has reached the rated rotational speed, and accordingly, the power generation voltage of the power generator 10b has reached the reference power generation voltage (step # 3 in FIG. 2). 2), the power load circuit breaker 13 is switched from the disconnected state to the parallel state (energized state), and the initial simulated load charging control for loading the simulated load 30 to the generator 10b is executed (step # 4 in FIG. 2). , the time T ₁ ~ time T ₂ of the FIG. 9). When only the simulated load 30 is input to the generator 10b as described above, the generated power P10 of the generator 10b matches the simulated load amount P30 of the simulated load 30.

In this initial simulated load charging control (step # 4 in FIG. 2, time T ₁ to time T ₂ in FIG. 9), first, the simulated load control device 32 generates power to be supplied to the simulated load 30 by the voltage regulator 31. By adjusting the voltage, the simulated load 30 is input to the generator 10b in a state where the simulated load amount P30 of the simulated load 30 is sufficiently small, and power supply to the simulated load 30 is started. As a result, the operating state of the generator 10b is maintained stable. Next, the simulated load control device 32 gradually increases the voltage of the electric power supplied to the simulated load 30 by the voltage regulator 31, so that the simulated load amount P30 of the simulated load 30 becomes the initial value of the generator 10b. It increases until it reaches the reference generated power (the simulated load amount P30 of the simulated load 30 increases to a predetermined initial simulated load amount: in FIG. 9, it increases to 400 kW). In the present embodiment, the reference generated power that can stably operate the engine 10a is set to about 40% of the rated generated power of the generator 10b.
As a result, an appropriate load is applied to the engine 10a while the operating state of the engine 10a is maintained stable, and as a result, warm-up of the engine 10a proceeds at an early stage.

Next, the power generation control device 15 switches the power load circuit breaker 27 from the disconnected state to the parallel state (energized state), and executes power load input control to input the power load 40 to the generator 10b (FIG. 2). step # 5, the input to 300kW of power load 30 at time T ₃ in FIG. 9), the power supply to power load 40 is started.
Here, the simulated load control device 32 is supplied to the simulated load 30 by the voltage regulator 31 at the same time when the power generation control device 15 switches the power load circuit breaker 27 from the disconnected state to the parallel state (energized state). By adjusting the voltage of the power, the simulated load amount P30 of the simulated load 30 is reduced by the power load amount of the power load 40 to be input (300 kW in FIG. 9). However, here, the timing at which the simulated load amount P30 of the simulated load 30 is reduced due to the delay of the control system is greater than the timing at which the power generation control device 15 switches the power load circuit breaker 27 from the disconnected state to the parallel state (energized state). (In FIG. 9, a delay indicated by time T ₃ to time T ₄ occurs).
As a result, the engine 10a temporarily receives a power load amount as the power load 40 (300 kW in FIG. 9) and a simulated load amount as the simulated load 30 (400 kW in FIG. 9). A load of 700 kW (load indicated by P10 in FIG. 9) is applied. However, in this case, the load applied instantaneously to the engine 10a does not exceed the maximum allowable output of the engine 10a (1100 kW in FIG. 9).
When the simulated load 30 is applied to the engine 10a and the power load 40 equal to or less than the simulated load amount is switched to the simulated load 30, the load is substantially increased from the engine 10a side. Never do. Therefore, in this case, it is assumed that it is not necessary to load a load in accordance with the relationship of the allowable amount of engine 10a described above (the relationship shown in FIG. 7).

The simulated load control device 32 maintains the simulated load amount of the simulated load 30 for a while (during time T ₄ to time T ₅ ) for a while when the operation of the engine 10 a is stabilized, and then gradually increases the simulated load amount again. (In FIG. 9, it is increased from 100 kW to 400 kW over a period between time T ₅ and time T ₆ ).

Next, the power generation control unit 15, to perform further power supply to the power load 40, generator power load application control to inject power load 40 to 10b (step # 5 in FIG. 2, at time T ₇ in FIG. 9 Control) is executed, and the amount of power supplied to the power load 40 is increased.
At this time, since the current power load amount is 300 kW and the simulated load amount is 400 kW, the theoretically input possible amount to be input is the following value according to the formula of theoretical input amount shown in FIG.
g (300,400) = f (700) + 400 = 145 + 400 = 545 kW

Here, when the above-described theoretically available amount is input to the engine 10a, the simulated load control device 32 decreases the simulated load amount of the simulated load 30 at the same time as the theoretically input amount is input (shown in FIG. 9). In the example, the simulation load amount of 400 kW is reduced), and a control command is output. However, the timing at which the control is actually executed is delayed from the timing at which the theoretical input possible amount is input due to the delay of the control system. (In FIG. 9, the time shown by time T ₇ to time T ₈ is delayed). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the engine 10a is instantaneously charged with the theoretical input possible amount y1, the current power load amount y2, and the current simulated load amount y3. The total instantaneous total load amount Y3 is applied.
Y3 = y1 + y2 + y3 = g (300, 400) + 300 + 400
= 545 + 300 + 400 = 1245kW

Here, normally, in the engine 10a, 1.1 times the rated output P is defined as the maximum allowable output Pmax, and the maximum allowable output Pmax is 1100 kW.
Therefore, in the above-described case, the total instantaneous load amount Y3 (1245 kW) instantaneously applied to the engine 10a exceeds the maximum allowable output Pmax (1100 kW) of the engine 10a, causing serious damage to the engine 10a. There is a fear.

Therefore, in the present invention, the simulated load control device 32 (an example of the instantaneous total load amount derivation unit) is configured to use the current power load 40a measured by the grid interconnection protection relay 22 as the power load amount measurement unit. An instantaneous total load amount Y3 is derived which is the sum of the power load amount y2, the theoretical simulated load amount y3 as the power consumption of the simulated load 30 using the current power load amount as a parameter, and the theoretical input possible amount y1.
Then, the simulated load control device 32 determines the theoretical simulated load amount y3 so that the instantaneous total load amount Y3 becomes equal to the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine 10a, and re-simulated load based on the determined theoretical simulated load amount y3. Input control (step # 6 in FIG. 2) is executed.

In addition, the simulated load control device 32 determines the theoretical simulated load amount y3 using the current power load amount x as a parameter so that the instantaneous total load amount Y3 becomes equal to the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine 10a. The theoretical input possible amount y1 is determined using the current power load amount x and the theoretical simulated load amount y3 as parameters so that the instantaneous total load amount Y3 becomes equal to the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine 10a. In this case, the following relational expression shown in [Expression 7] holds.
y2 + y3 + y1 = Y3 = Pmax (Equation 7)

When the current power load amount is x and the theoretical simulated load amount y3 is W ₂ (x),
x + W ₂ (x) + g (x, W ₂ (x)) = Pmax
⇔
x + W ₂ (x) + f (x + W ₂ (x)) + W ₂ (x) = Pmax
⇔
x + W ₂ (x) −P ₀ /1.1P·(x+W ₂ (x)) + P ₀ + W ₂ (x) = Pmax
⇔
W ₂ (x) = 1 / G · {x (P ₀ /1.1P−1)−P ₀ + Pmax} (Equation 8)
However, G = 2−P ₀ /1.1P
Furthermore, if the theoretical input possible amount y1 is W ₃ (x),
W ₃ (x) = g (x + W ₂ (x)) ... [Equation 9]

Here, when the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x) = W ₀ , the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x), and the theoretical input possible amount y ₁ (x) are shown in a graph, FIG. The graph is as shown.

In the present invention, basically, the simulated load amount is set to the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x) derived above, but when the current power load amount x is small, As shown in FIG. 3, the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x) may exceed the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x) in calculation. However, the simulated load amount cannot be set exceeding the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x).
Therefore, when the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x) is less than the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x), the simulated load control device 32 sets the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x) as the simulated load amount. .

On the other hand, when the current power load amount is sufficiently large, as shown in FIG. 3, even if the rated output of the engine is exceeded, there remains a situation in the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x). Unnecessary power is consumed by the remaining simulated load amount, which is not preferable.
Therefore, in the present invention, the simulated load control means sets the adjusted simulated load amount W ₃ (x) as follows so that the simulated load amount becomes 0 at the rated output.
W ₃ (x) = − x + P (Equation 10)
When the adjusted simulated load amount W ₃ (x) is less than the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x), the adjusted simulated load amount W ₃ (x) is set as the simulated load amount.

Finally, the simulated load control device 32 determines that the theoretical simulated load when the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x) is equal to or less than the rated simulated load amount W ₁ (x) and equal to or less than the theoretical input possible amount W ₃ (x). The amount W ₂ (x) is set as the simulated load amount.
As a result, the simulated load amount W (x) set by the simulated load control means using the current power load as a parameter is set as shown in the following [Equation 11], and is indicated by a thick line in FIGS. It will be set along the graph.
W (x) = W ₁ (x) (when W ₁ (x) <W ₂ (x))
= W ₂ (x) (W ₂ (x) ≦ W ₁ (x), W ₃ (x))
= W ₃ (x) (W ₃ (x) <W ₂ (x))

And the electric power generation control apparatus 15 determines the load injection | throwing-in amount to the engine 10a based on the following [Formula 12] based on the simulated load amount W (x) determined in this way.
h (x) = min (g (x, W (x)), −x + P)) (Equation 12)

  The re-simulation load input control (step # 6 in FIG. 2) is repeatedly executed until the simulated load amount W (x) becomes 0 (step # 7 in FIG. 2).

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the above embodiment, the instantaneous total load Y3 is equal to the maximum allowable output Pmax (1.1 times the rated output) of the engine 10a in the sense of appropriately using the simulated load 30. In addition, a relational expression of the theoretical simulated load W ₂ (x) and a relational expression of the theoretical input possible quantity W ₃ (x) were derived.
However, from the viewpoint of further reducing the risk of a serious failure of the engine 10a, the instantaneous total load Y3 is equal to a value less than the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine 10a so as to be less than the maximum allowable output Pmax of the engine 10a. As described above, the theoretical simulation load amount W ₂ (x) and the theoretical input possible amount W ₃ (x) may be derived.
For example, the theoretical simulated load amount W ₂ (x) and the theoretical input possible amount W ₃ (x) may be derived so that the instantaneous total load amount Y3 becomes equal to the rated output P of the engine 10a. I do not care.

(2) In the above embodiment, the configuration example in which the simulated load amount is adjusted in the form of changing the power consumption in the single simulated load 30 has been shown.
However, in the present invention, a plurality of simulated loads 30 that individually consume the generated power P10 of the generator 10b are provided, and the simulated loads 30 are cut off by a simulated load including a plurality of relays via the power line L2. A configuration in which the transformer 28 is connected via each of the transformers may be adopted.

(3) In the above embodiment, the power generation control device 15 and the simulated load control device 32 may be configured as individual control devices, or may be configured so that a common control device performs these functions. good.

  The configuration disclosed in the above embodiment (including another embodiment, the same shall apply hereinafter) can be applied in combination with the configuration disclosed in the other embodiment, as long as no contradiction occurs. The embodiment disclosed in this specification is an exemplification, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. The embodiment can be appropriately modified without departing from the object of the present invention.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The power generation system of the present invention is effective as a power generation system that can prevent the engine operating state from becoming unstable and exhaust emissions from deteriorating or the engine from stalling when an electric power load is applied to the engine. Is available.

10: Power generation device 10a: Engine 10b: Generator 13, 27: Power load circuit breaker 15: Power generation control device 25: Power load amount measuring device 30: Simulated load 31: Simulated load amount adjusting means 32: Simulated load control device 40: Power load Pmax: Maximum allowable output W: Simulated load amount W1: Rated simulated load amount W2: Theoretical simulated load amount W3: Theoretical input amount Y3: Instantaneous total load amount x: Power load amount y1: Theoretical input amount y2: Electric power Load amount y3: Theoretical simulation load amount

Claims (3)

A generator that is rotationally driven by an engine to generate electricity;
A power load breaker capable of disconnecting a user-side power load in the generator;
When the engine is driven, the power load circuit breaker is switched from the disconnected state to the parallel state, and power load input control is performed to input the power load to the generator, and the output voltage of the generator is A power generation system comprising power generation control means for executing engine output control for controlling the output of the engine so as to be maintained at a specified voltage,
A power load measuring means for measuring a power load as power consumption of the power load;
Apart from the power load, a simulated load that consumes the power generated by the generator,
A simulated load amount adjusting means disposed at a connection between the generator and the simulated load and capable of changing a simulated load amount as power consumption of the simulated load;
The current power load measured by the power load measuring means, the theoretical simulated load as the power consumption of the simulated load with the current power load as a parameter, and the current power load The instantaneous total load amount, which is the sum of the theoretical input amount and the theoretical input amount determined by a theoretical input amount relational expression that standardizes load input performance to the engine using the theoretical simulated load amount as a parameter, is instantaneously An instantaneous total load derivation means for deriving as an instantaneous total load on
The simulated load input for determining the theoretical simulated load amount so that the instantaneous total load amount does not exceed the maximum allowable output of the engine and controlling the simulated load amount adjusting means based on the determined theoretical simulated load amount A power generation system comprising simulated load control means for executing control. The simulated load control means includes
The theoretical simulated load amount is determined using the current power load amount as a parameter so that the instantaneous total load amount becomes equal to the maximum allowable output of the engine, and
2. The power generation according to claim 1, wherein the theoretical input possible amount is determined using the current power load amount and the theoretical simulated load amount as parameters so that the instantaneous total load amount becomes equal to a maximum allowable output of the engine. system. The simulated load control means includes
When the rated simulated load amount, which is the rated power consumption of the simulated load, is less than the theoretical simulated load amount in the current power load amount, the simulated load power adjusting means converts the simulated load power consumption into the rated simulation. Control to the load amount,
When the theoretical simulated load amount in the current power load amount is less than or equal to the rated simulated load amount that is the rated power consumption of the simulated load, and less than or equal to the theoretical input possible amount in the current power load amount, The simulated load amount adjustment means controls the power consumption of the simulated load to the theoretical simulated load amount in the current power load amount,
When the theoretically possible input amount in the current power load amount is less than the theoretical simulated load amount in the current power load amount, the simulated load amount adjusting means calculates the power consumption of the simulated load in the current power amount. The power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the amount of load is controlled to the theoretical input possible amount.

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