JP2016193594A - Plant tissue treatment method promoting the decomposition of plant tissue, the main agent therein, raw material composition extracted by the plant tissue treatment method, and method for reducing bulk of plant tissue - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant tissue treatment agent and a plant tissue treatment method capable of decomposing a plant tissue without using a large-scale treatment device.SOLUTION: Provided is a plant tissue treatment agent added to a plant tissue to promote the decomposition extraction step of the plant tissue, and uses either lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide or their combination as the main agent. By adding the plant tissue treatment agent to a plant tissue, the decomposition step of the plant tissue and the extraction step of substance derived from plant are promoted. After the decomposition extraction step of the plant tissue, a separation step of separating water soluble components and oil soluble components can be provided. As the plant tissue, wood, herb, plant piece residue included in a pulp liquid extracted from a paper making process or the like can be given. Further, substance derived from plant such as cellulose obtained by the decomposition of the plant tissue is included on the immersion liquid side and the plant tissue residue side. As the utilization of the cellulose, by using cellulase, the obtaining of glucose can be attained.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  In the present invention, the plant tissue structure is added to the plant tissue of a piece of wood or herbaceous piece that is physically or chemically undestructed, thereby promoting decomposition of the plant tissue and extracting plant-derived substances such as cellulose. The present invention relates to a plant tissue treatment method, a main agent thereof, a raw material composition extracted by the plant tissue treatment method, and a method for reducing the volume of plant tissue. In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus that can easily decompose plant tissue and easily extract plant tissue-derived substances from the plant tissue without using a large-scale processing apparatus or applying excessive energy.

Wood has been widely used for a long time, and its uses such as building materials, fuels, and paper pulp materials are diverse. In this way, traditionally, the use of timber itself as a structure or loose wood fiber was the focus.
In recent years, the use of materials as compounds by taking out plant tissue-derived substances contained in wood and herbs has attracted attention. In recent years, plant tissue-derived substances extracted from plant tissues such as wood and herb have industrial utility values, and attempts have been made to actively use these extracts for various purposes.

Plant tissues such as wood and herbs are composites containing a wide variety of substances having different chemical structures. Substances constituting the plant tissue include cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, tannin, suberin and the like. Therefore, when using these plant tissue-derived substances, it may be necessary to extract the target plant tissue-derived substance from the plant tissue and remove other substances.
Cellulose is increasingly used as a raw material for textile fibers and synthetic resins, for example. Glucose obtained by decomposing cellulose is a particularly important substance in relation to biomass such as a raw material for bioethanol.
Hemicellulose is used, for example, in the manufacture of chemical products by combining with other extraction components in addition to papermaking, and is widely used as an industrial raw material.
Lignin is widely used as a raw material for adhesives, pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, and the like that utilize the property of bonding and solidifying cells by binding to cellulose or the like.
Tannin is an indispensable substance for tanning leather (so-called tannin tanning), for example, and is widely used in the leather industry.
Suberin is a substance that is a raw material for producing alkyd resin, polyamide, and the like, for example, as suberic acid, and is widely used as an industrial raw material.
Thus, plant tissue-derived substances have a variety of uses, have high industrial utility values, and have great potential as industrial raw materials.

  In the prior art, as a plant tissue treatment method for obtaining these plant tissue-derived substances, a hydrolysis method using a strong acid such as concentrated sulfuric acid or a strong alkali (particularly sodium hydroxide) under high temperature and high pressure (Patent Document 1), cyclic carbonate A hydrolysis method using an acid and an acid (Patent Document 2) is known. In addition, a processing method for physically destroying and crushing wood fibers or the like by an explosive pressure change called blasting treatment is also known. As described above, when using wood as a starting material, it is essential to input a large amount of energy such as treatment under high temperature and high pressure or explosion treatment.

  In recent years, biomass utilization has progressed and various biomass utilization apparatuses are operating. However, stable supply of biomass, which is the carbon source, improvement in storage stability, reduction in transportation costs, and the like are problems. In general, not only wood but also plants such as rice straw, wheat straw, Sasa, Japanese pampas grass, switchgrass, Giant Miscanthus, and thinned bark of wood are used as biomass. In the case of wood, lumps are inconvenient for transportation and storage. In addition, vegetation has a low bulk density and a large volume, which is also inconvenient for transportation and storage. In any case, it is preferable to pulverize the plant tissue by promoting decomposition.

JP-A-2-233701 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-80367

  However, in order to separate components with the aim of using cellulose and plant-derived substances, which are constituents in plant tissues, all of the above conventional methods are rugged and large and expensive that have acid resistance or alkali resistance under high temperature and pressure. There is a problem that a large and expensive apparatus that can withstand a strong pressure change such as a blasting process is required. In addition, a post-treatment step for removing applied materials such as acids, alkalis, cyclic carbonates, and aromatic glycol ethers to be added in the course of the treatment is required, which contributes to an increase in cost.

  On the other hand, when considering the effective use of plant tissue residue extracted from plant-derived substances, it can be used as a carbon source for biomass. However, if the carbon source is produced from wood or vegetation, It is inconvenient to transport and store in the lump. Moreover, if it is a vegetation, its bulk density is low and its volume is large, which is also inconvenient for transportation and storage. In any case, it is preferable to pulverize the plant tissue by promoting decomposition.

  Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention can easily extract a plant tissue-derived substance from a plant tissue while easily decomposing the plant tissue without using a large-scale processing apparatus or inputting excessive energy. An object of the present invention is to provide a plant tissue treatment agent and a plant tissue treatment method that can be used.

The present invention relates to a plant tissue treatment method for promoting the degradation of the plant tissue by adding it to a piece of wood or herbaceous piece in which the plant tissue structure is physically or chemically undestructed and extracting a plant-derived substance such as cellulose. In the presence of a plant tissue treatment agent mainly composed of lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide or a combination thereof, the split extraction process for decomposing the plant tissue and extracting the plant-derived substance is performed at room temperature, A plant tissue treatment method characterized by being performed at normal pressure.
Through the research, the present inventors have found for the first time that lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide have a large ability to destroy plant tissues and can be used as plant tissue treatment agents for plant tissue-derived substances to withstand industrial applications. It was.

The plant tissue treatment method of the present invention is not a high-energy treatment such as hydrolysis with strong acid or strong alkali under high temperature and high pressure, or explosion treatment, but easily decomposes the plant tissue, while removing the plant tissue-derived substance from the plant tissue. It can be easily extracted.
Plant tissues, which are the basic components of wood and herbs, are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and have a tissue structure in which hemicellulose and lignin are firmly intertwined around cellulose, and it is difficult to decompose these basic structures. Extraction of cellulose is particularly difficult. In the prior art, when wood resources are used, a pretreatment process is required in which cellulose is extracted by physical treatment such as blasting treatment or thermochemical treatment such as hydrolysis using strong acid or strong alkali at high temperature and high pressure. Although the present invention is a process, the present invention does not use any pretreatment process such as hydrolysis and explosion treatment in the prior art, and easily performs the decomposition process to the cellulose level due to the high polarity and permeability of lithium hydroxide. It is based on the discovery that it can be implemented.
By using the plant tissue treatment method of the present invention, plant-derived substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, tannin, and suberin can be easily extracted from the plant tissue.

As a plant tissue treatment agent, either lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide or a combination thereof is the main agent. As a formulation, the concentration of these main agents may be from 1 w% to 50 w% constituting monohydrate, but is preferably from 3 w% to 10 w%, particularly about 7 w%. By immersing the plant tissue in an aqueous solution of a plant tissue treatment agent in these concentration ranges at room temperature and normal pressure, the plant tissue-derived substance can be extracted from the plant tissue in a relatively short treatment time.
As the plant tissue, wood fragments, herbs, plant fragment residues contained in the pulp liquid discharged from the papermaking process, and the like can be used.

In the plant tissue treatment method of the present invention, in order to efficiently collect plant-derived substances, after the above-described decomposition and extraction process, an immersion liquid treatment process for extracting the plant-derived substances eluted in the immersion liquid, and plants A residue treatment step of extracting plant-derived material remaining in the tissue residue can be followed.
As a result of repeated experiments, the present inventors, as a result of the decomposition and extraction process, the decomposed plant-derived substances are eluted on the immersion liquid side and remain on the residue side. The immersion liquid is eluted in the form of cellulose molecules and hemicellulose molecules, and there may be a part that is partly maintained as plant tissue on the residue side, but the plant tissue is destroyed inside, The proportion of hydrogen bonds in cellulose molecules and covalent bonds such as hemicellulose molecules is broken.

  Regarding the recovery of lithium and sodium used as the main agent, the liquid obtained by washing the immersion liquid and plant tissue residue with water is reacted with carbon dioxide, and the metal elements contained in the main component are removed. A recovery step of depositing and recovering as a carbonic acid processed product can be provided.

  As the treatment on the side of the plant tissue residue, a production process including a drying step for drying the plant tissue residue after the water washing process in the water washing step and a powdering step for pulverizing the plant tissue residue after the drying treatment in the drying step. The plant tissue powder can be obtained efficiently. For example, it can be used as a raw material for biomass after pulverization.

  The present invention can also be applied to a method for reducing the volume of plant tissue. In other words, if the plant tissue treatment method of the present invention is used to promote the decomposition and extraction process of plant tissue, the volume density of the plant tissue can be increased and the volume can be reduced.

  Examples of plant tissues suitable for the method for reducing the bulk of plant tissues include rice straw, straw, Sasa, Susuki, switchgrass, Giant Miscanthus, and thinned wood bark. There are various raw materials for biomass, but these are relatively large in volume and disadvantageous for storage. If the bulk reduction method of the present invention is used, the storage cost of plant tissue can be reduced.

  According to the plant tissue treatment method for promoting the degradation of plant tissue of the present invention, the plant tissue such as wood or herb is immersed in the main component of either lithium hydroxide solution or sodium hydroxide solution or a combination thereof under normal temperature and pressure. The plant tissue-derived substance can be extracted from the plant tissue by a very simple process.

It is a flowchart which shows simply the process of the plant tissue processing method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the result of the pressure | voltage resistant change of the cedar test piece applied to the compression test. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows the result of the pressure | voltage resistant change of the beech test piece subjected to the compression test. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the result of FIG. 4. It is a figure which shows the glucose yield result obtained as a result of a cellulose reaction process (5). It is a figure which shows the result of the decomposition | disassembly extraction process of a plant tissue, the water washing process of the plant tissue residue taken out after that, and also the drying process. It is a figure which shows the state of the plant tissue residue taken out after the drying process of the plant tissue, and the ease of grinding | pulverization.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a plant tissue treatment method and a plant tissue treatment agent for promoting decomposition of a plant tissue of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific applications, shapes, dimensions, and the like shown in the following embodiments.

The process of the plant tissue processing method of this invention is demonstrated.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram simply showing the steps of the plant tissue treatment method of the present invention.
The outline of the process of the plant tissue treatment method of the present invention is to extract a plant-derived substance by adding a plant tissue treatment agent to plant tissues such as wood and rice straw as raw materials to accelerate the decomposition and extraction process of the plant tissue. It is a method to do. The plant-derived substance produced by the method for producing a plant-derived substance of the present invention is obtained as a raw material composition including them, and can be a raw material that can be used for various industrial applications.
In addition, the essential process of the plant tissue processing method of the present invention is the decomposition and extraction process (1), and the other separation process (2) to the cellulase reaction process (6) are merely examples, depending on the use and contents. In addition to these steps, there can be various processing steps.
In the first embodiment, the decomposition and extraction step (1) will be mainly described below.

  In the decomposition and extraction step (1) shown in FIG. 1, the plant tissue as a raw material to be input may be wood, herbaceous natural plant resources, chemically treated plant resources, or the like. For example, the natural plant resource may be rice straw, straw, Sasa, Japanese pampas grass, switchgrass, Giant Miscanthus, timber thinned bark, or a combination thereof. For example, as a plant resource that has been chemically treated, a plant fragment residue contained in a pulp liquid discharged from a papermaking process can be used.

In addition, in the decomposition and extraction step (1) shown in FIG. 1, the plant tissue treatment agent to be introduced is mainly composed of lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide or a combination thereof. In this example, lithium hydroxide is used.
In addition, even if the plant tissue treatment agent of the present invention is the same alkali metal hydroxide, it is not always possible to obtain an effect equivalent to that of the present invention even if the other alkali metal hydroxide is used as a main ingredient. . In general, lithium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution and the like are widely used as alkali metal hydroxides. It cannot be said that it is a property widely seen in all oxides. The inventors' research has revealed for the first time that the destruction ability of the plant tissue possessed by lithium hydroxide is clearly greater than the destruction ability of the plant tissue possessed by other alkali metal hydroxides. Further, sodium hydroxide has a slightly inferior ability to destroy plant tissues compared to lithium hydroxide, but is not excluded as a plant tissue treating agent of the present application.

The pH of the plant tissue treatment agent was adjusted to be weakly alkaline with a pH of 13 or less.
The temperature and pressure may be applied at normal temperature and normal pressure, but it does not exclude the processing environment under high temperature and high pressure in order to further improve the processing speed. For example, the temperature is preferably in the range of 5 ° C to 200 ° C.

Hereinafter, the verification experiment of the decomposition extraction process of the plant tissue processing method will be described.
[Test pieces]
Cedar and beech were prepared as plant tissue specimens used in the experiment.
Each prepared test piece was 1 cm square and 2 cm in height.

[Preparation of plant tissue treatment agent]
Lithium hydroxide was prepared as the plant tissue treatment agent of the present invention. As a plant tissue treatment agent, the lithium hydroxide concentration was adjusted to 7 w%. The amount was prepared so that the piece of wood placed in the beaker was sufficiently immersed. The pH was adjusted to about 10 to 12.
As a comparative preparation, sodium hydroxide, which is the same alkali metal hydroxide, was prepared. As a plant tissue treatment agent, the sodium hydroxide concentration was 11.8 w%. The pH was adjusted to about 10 to 12.

[Plant tissue treatment method]
In the plant tissue treatment method, the prepared test piece was placed in a beaker, and the plant tissue treatment agent was introduced to such an extent that the test piece was sufficiently immersed, and was pressed with a glass stopper so as not to float.
It waited for the passage of a predetermined time.

[Effect verification]
The progress of destruction of the plant tissue was evaluated by subjecting it to a compression test for examining a change in the pressure strength of the test piece. The initial state of the test piece is so-called cork or wood, and it is hard and tight and does not collapse. However, when the destruction of the plant tissue progresses, it starts to become so-called fragile, and as the progress proceeds, the destruction state becomes like a coarse powder. This physical change can be evaluated by examining the change in compression pressure resistance of the test piece.

[result]
Regarding the progress of destruction of the plant tissue, it was confirmed that the test sections immersed in the lithium hydroxide solution progressed more than the test sections immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution.
The cedar wood and beech wood soaked in the lithium hydroxide solution were not broken up to the powder within the test time. In addition, when the cork material was used for reference, destruction until coarse powder, so-called shatter, was observed.
On the other hand, cedar wood and beech wood soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution were confirmed by tactile sensation that the change in wood hardness was small within the test time. For reference, in the test category of cork material, it was found that although a part of the surface was rough and part was decomposed, considerable elasticity remained, and the progress of destruction was small.

The results of changes in pressure resistance of the test pieces subjected to the cedar compression test are shown in FIGS. FIG. 2 is a measurement result, and FIG. 3 is a graph of the measurement result.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the test category of the cedar wood immersed in the lithium hydroxide solution changes so as to increase brittleness. Similarly, it can be seen that the test category of the cedar wood immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution is changed so as to increase the brittleness.
Moreover, the result of the pressure | voltage resistant change of the test piece subjected to the compression test of a beech material is shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. FIG. 4 is a measurement result, and FIG. 5 is a graph of the measurement result.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, it can be seen that the test category of the beech material immersed in the lithium hydroxide solution changes so as to increase brittleness. Similarly, it can be seen that the test category of the beech material immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution is changed so as to increase the brittleness.

Next, leaching of plant-derived structures will be described.
In the test section soaked in lithium hydroxide solution, the color of the solution changed from clear to dark brown over time in both the cedar and beech wood, and the plant-derived structure was leached. I was seen.
On the other hand, in the test section immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution, the change in the color of the solution was faster than in the test section immersed in the lithium hydroxide solution, but the color of the solution was slightly different between the two.

  From the results of FIGS. 2 to 5, according to the plant tissue treatment agent of the present invention based on lithium hydroxide, it has the function of destroying the plant tissue at normal temperature and normal pressure and leaching the components inside the tissue. Was verified.

Example 2 explains the utilization on the immersion liquid side and the utilization on the residue side obtained as a result of the decomposition and extraction step of plant tissue treatment.
The present Example 2 performs the post-process with respect to the immersion liquid or plant tissue residue obtained through the decomposition extraction process of the plant tissue shown in Example 1, and obtains useful substances, such as a carbon source of biomass.

[Immersion liquid separation process]
The separation step (2) will be described as a step on the immersion liquid side in FIG.
After the decomposition and extraction step using the plant tissue treating agent of the present invention, a part of the plant-derived constituent material is eluted in the immersion liquid. As shown in FIG. 1, it can isolate | separate into the form which can be utilized by the isolation | separation process which is a post process of a decomposition | disassembly extraction process. There are various methods of separation and extraction.
Among plant-derived substances, there are so-called water-soluble substances and oil-soluble substances, which can be separated and extracted by separating oil and water. By the separation step shown in FIG. 1, the water-soluble component dissolved in the separated and extracted water layer can be concentrated by dehydration treatment, and the oil-soluble component dissolved in the oil component layer is concentrated by deoiling treatment. be able to.

Next, the water washing step (3) and subsequent steps in FIG.
The water washing step (3) in FIG. 1 is a step of taking out the plant tissue residue after the decomposition treatment and washing it with water after the decomposition extraction step (1). In the decomposition and extraction step (1), since it is immersed in the plant tissue treatment agent, a large amount of the plant tissue treatment agent remains in the plant tissue. Since the component of this plant tissue treating agent is not necessary for the production of biomass carbon source, it must be removed. Since the plant tissue treatment agent is an alkali metal compound such as lithium hydroxide as shown in Example 1, it exhibits water solubility and can be washed away by washing with water.
After the water washing step (3), the plant tissue residue moves to the drying step (5), and the water-washed treated water moves to the lithium recovery step (4).

The lithium recovery step (4) is a step of recovering lithium contained in the water subjected to washing with water. Lithium has an economic value as a raw material, and the lithium hydroxide used in the decomposition and extraction process should not be discarded as it is, but it is preferable to recover and reuse lithium.
In the lithium recovery step (4), carbon dioxide is added to the washing water.
When lithium hydroxide is changed to lithium carbonate by adding carbon dioxide, the solubility greatly changes and precipitates, so that lithium can be easily recovered in the form of lithium carbonate.
2LiOH ・ H2O + CO2 → Li2CO3 + 3H2O
Even in the form of lithium carbonate, it is a substance with great economic value, and can be used as it is as lithium carbonate.

In addition, lithium hydroxide can be produced and reused by reacting lithium carbonate with calcium hydroxide.
Li2CO3 + Ca (OH) 2 → 2LiOH + CaCO3

In the cellulase reaction step (5), cellulase, which is a hydrolase of (1 → 4) -β-glucoside bond, is applied to the cellulose remaining in the plant tissue residue after the water washing step (3). This is the step of decomposing cellulose.
Cellulases, which are cellulolytic enzymes, have a variety of bacteria. The bacterial species to be used is not limited, and any bacterial species that decomposes cellulose can be used.
The cellulase reaction step is a reaction for decomposing cellulose to produce glucose.

Next, the filtration step (6) will be described. In this step, glucose produced in the cellulase reaction step (5) in the residue side step is taken out by filtration.
Glucose is a substance that has undergone advanced saccharification. For example, glucose is a basic raw material for obtaining bioethanol, and is a substance suitable for biomass utilization.
Since glucose is eluted in the liquid component, glucose and the residue can be easily separated by the filtration step (6).

What is recovered as a residue in the filtration step (6) is fragile and can be pulverized using a general-purpose pulverizer such as a ball mill without using a special pulverizer. It becomes the raw material according to.
If cellulase, which is a cellulose-degrading enzyme, is reacted at an appropriate temperature with cellulose obtained in these steps, glucose can be produced by the cellulose-decomposing reaction.

[Verification experiment]
Hereinafter, a verification experiment on glucose production will be described by tracing the decomposition and extraction step (1), the water washing step (3) and the cellulase reaction step (5) shown in FIG.
Through demonstration experiments, it will be shown that cellulose can be taken out by the plant tissue treatment method of the present invention and that an excellent glucose yield can be obtained.
First, the specimen of the plant tissue used in the experiment for tracing the decomposition and extraction step (1) was 1.0 g of cedar wood chips.

As a plant tissue treatment agent in the decomposition and extraction step (1), a test category using lithium hydroxide and a test category using sodium hydroxide were prepared.
In the test section using lithium hydroxide, a 7 wt% lithium hydroxide solution was used. In the test section using sodium hydroxide, a 11.8 wt% sodium hydroxide solution was used.
The immersion time in the decomposition extraction process step was 60 minutes.

Next, the water washing step (3) was traced by exposing the residue of the cedar wood chips obtained as a result of the decomposition and extraction step (1) to running water for about 60 minutes.
Next, the cellulase reaction step (5) was performed.
For the cedar wood residue after the water washing step (3), moderate moisture is contained to keep the temperature of the test piece at 52 to 55 ° C., Trichoderma-derived cellulase is added as cellulase, and the cellulose reaction step (5) is performed. It was.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a glucose yield result obtained as a result of the cellulose reaction step (5).
As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that an excellent yield of glucose was obtained from 1.0 g of cedar wood chips. In addition, it turns out that the direction which uses lithium hydroxide as a main ingredient has a yield larger than the thing which uses sodium hydroxide as a main ingredient.

As Example 3, an example of a bulk reduction method in which the plant tissue treatment method of the present invention is applied to promote decomposition of the plant tissue to reduce the volume of the plant tissue will be described.
In the following verification experiment, the result of each process is verified as an example using “rice straw” as a plant tissue.
In addition, as a comparative experiment, a test section using a plant tissue treatment agent based on lithium hydroxide of the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as a lithium hydroxide solution test section) and a plant tissue based on sodium hydroxide. Test category using treatment agent (hereinafter abbreviated as sodium hydroxide solution test category) and test category using simple purified water without using plant tissue treatment as a control (hereinafter abbreviated as purified water test category) Prepared and experimented.

The rice straw that is a plant tissue used in the experiment was naturally dried in advance and cut into a length of about 30 mm. 0.5 g of the cut rice straw was prepared.
In each test section, the concentration of the lithium hydroxide solution is adjusted to 7w% and the pH is about 10 to 12, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 11.6w% and the pH is about 10 to 12. The prepared one was used.
The decomposition extraction step (1) in FIG. 1 was performed by immersing in each solution for 6 hours in each test section.
The plant tissue residue obtained as a result of the decomposition and extraction step (1) is preferably dried to a form suitable for storage.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of the plant tissue decomposition and extraction step, the water washing step of the plant tissue residue taken out, and the drying step.
Fig.7 (a) is a figure which shows the result of the decomposition | disassembly extraction process (1) of a plant tissue.
As shown in FIG. 7 (a), in the lithium hydroxide solution test category, the color of the immersion solution changes from a transparent color to a dark brown color over time, and the plant-derived structure is leached. It can be seen.

On the other hand, in the sodium hydroxide solution test category, the change in the color of the solution is slightly different from the change in the color of the solution in the lithium hydroxide solution test category, but it changes from a transparent color to a dark brown color over time. The plant-derived structure is seen leaching.
In the purified water test section, it can be seen that the purified water remains transparent and nothing is leached.

  FIG.7 (b) is a figure which shows a mode that the plant tissue residue was taken out from each test division. In the lithium hydroxide solution test section, it was felt by touch that it was quite brittle. In the sodium hydroxide solution test category, the whole was sticky, and the plant tissue seemed to be slightly soft, but it was not felt that it was brittle. The purified water test section is clearly only wet.

FIG.7 (c) is a figure which shows the mode of the plant tissue residue of each test division in the state which finished the water washing process process (3). In addition, indoor air drying was performed indoors with good ventilation on a nylon nut for 18 days.
In the lithium hydroxide solution test section, it was felt by touch that it became dry and more brittle. In the sodium hydroxide solution test category, it was felt that the fibers were slightly shrunk due to drying, but the fibers remained firmly and could not be said to be brittle. The purified water test category felt that it had returned to the initial state of raw rice straw.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the ease of pulverization of plant tissue residues.
The upper part of FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state where the plant tissue residue is easily rubbed with a finger.
In the lithium hydroxide solution test category, the plant tissue residue was fragile and could be easily crushed with fingers, few remained in the form of fibers, and broken into small pieces. In the lithium hydroxide solution test section, it can be seen that the fibers can be decomposed by increasing the immersion time or adding agitation.

On the other hand, in the sodium hydroxide solution test category, the plant tissue residue was soft and could be crushed even with fingers, but only torn along the fiber and not broken into small pieces.
In the purified water test category, the rice straw was only dried and it was not easy to break.

Next, the lower part of FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which the plant tissue residue is crushed with a mortar.
In the lithium hydroxide solution test category, since the plant tissue residue was brittle, it could be crushed even by lightly rubbing with a mortar, resulting in a small powder. It turned out that powdering progressed more when crushed with mortar with more power. That is, it turned out that a plant tissue residue can be easily pulverized.

  On the other hand, in the sodium hydroxide solution test section, the plant tissue residue was soft and it was torn along the fiber, but the fiber was only broken apart and did not become small crushed pieces. That is, it turned out that a plant tissue residue cannot be easily pulverized.

In addition, from the result shown in FIG. 8, as a result of being able to effectively pulverize the plant tissue residue by the plant tissue treatment method of the present invention, the bulk density is increased by pulverizing the bulky plant tissue. It can be seen that the volume can be reduced.
Thus, if the volume can be reduced as a material that uses plant tissue as a carbon source for biomass, costs such as transportation and storage can be reduced.
The above verification was a small-scale and manual verification, but it can be easily understood that it can be pulverized using a mechanical pulverizer such as a ball mill.

  As described above, the plant tissue treatment method for promoting the decomposition of the plant tissue of the present invention, its main agent, the raw material composition extracted by the plant tissue treatment method, and the method for reducing the bulk of the plant tissue have been shown.

According to the present invention, in the process of generating plant tissue into raw material as a carbon source of biomass, a processing agent (chemical) that is consumed in the prior art, a large-scale mechanical device, and a large amount It is possible to extract useful plant-derived components from wood and herbaceous plant tissues without using unnecessary energy, etc., and without consuming a very simple method and treatment agent to be used. Can be
In particular, in the case of plant tissue residues after herbaceous extraction, such as rice straw, the volume can be easily reduced to a few tenths, greatly contributing to the reduction of carbon mileage from production areas to consumption areas. To do. Storage costs can also be reduced.

  By using the present invention, neither large land nor large-scale equipment is required. Therefore, it is possible to easily extract plant-derived substances from wood and herbaceous plant tissues that have been difficult to use in the field of agriculture in the past and for biomass. It has the potential to obtain carbon source materials and create new jobs in agricultural areas.

  Although lithium has been industrially used as a material for batteries and the like, lithium hydroxide has not been used for plant tissue treatment in this form until now, and there is a significance of finding a new use. Sodium hydroxide has been frequently used as a basic compound for inorganic materials, but lithium hydroxide is a compound that exhibits the same basicity, but it has been found that there is a great difference in the ability to decompose plant tissues.

  In the present invention, the ability of decomposing lithium hydroxide to plant tissues and the ability to extract plant-derived substances found in the present invention are the effects of lithium hydroxide that have not been known so far. It will be referred to as the “Yoshimura / Horai effect”.

  As mentioned above, although the preferred Example in the structural example of the manufacturing method of the plant-tissue processing agent of this invention and the plant origin material from plant tissue has been illustrated and demonstrated, various changes are carried out without deviating from the technical scope of this invention. It will be understood that is possible.

  It can be considered that the present invention can play a part in revitalizing domestic forestry, which is currently sluggish, and regional promotion, if not so large.

Claims (8)

  A plant tissue processing method in which decomposition of the plant tissue is promoted by adding the plant tissue structure to a piece of wood or a herbaceous piece in a physically or chemically undestructed state, and a plant-derived substance such as cellulose is extracted, The split extraction process for decomposing the plant tissue and extracting the plant-derived substance is performed at room temperature and normal pressure in the presence of a plant tissue treatment agent mainly composed of lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide or a combination thereof. The plant tissue processing method characterized by the above-mentioned.   A plant comprising an immersion liquid treatment step for extracting the plant-derived substance eluted in the immersion liquid after the decomposition extraction step, and a residue treatment step for extracting the plant-derived substance remaining in the residue of the plant tissue Tissue processing method.   A recovery step of reacting carbon dioxide with a liquid obtained by washing the immersion liquid and the residue of the plant tissue with water, and recovering a metal element contained in the liquid as a carbonic acid processed product. The plant tissue processing method of Claim 1 or 2 provided.   The plant tissue processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant tissue is any one of plant fragment residues contained in wood, herbs, and pulp liquid discharged from a papermaking process.   The plant tissue processing agent which consists of the said main ingredient used with the plant tissue processing method in any one of Claim 1 to 4.   A raw material composition including a plant-derived substance extracted by the plant tissue treatment method according to claim 1.   A method for reducing the volume of a plant tissue, wherein the plant tissue treatment method according to claim 1 promotes decomposition of the plant tissue and reduces the volume of the plant tissue.   The method for reducing the bulk of a plant tissue according to claim 7, wherein the plant tissue is any one of rice straw, straw, Sasa, Japanese pampas grass, switchgrass, giant miscanthus, thinned wood bark, or a combination thereof.