JP2016192339A - Seal structure of fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Seal structure of fuel cell stack Download PDF

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JP2016192339A
JP2016192339A JP2015072250A JP2015072250A JP2016192339A JP 2016192339 A JP2016192339 A JP 2016192339A JP 2015072250 A JP2015072250 A JP 2015072250A JP 2015072250 A JP2015072250 A JP 2015072250A JP 2016192339 A JP2016192339 A JP 2016192339A
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seal member
groove
separator
seal
cells
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JP6579308B2 (en
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福田　大輔
Daisuke Fukuda
大輔 福田
友二 北村
Yuji Kitamura
友二 北村
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Nippon Gasket Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract

SOLUTION: A cell 4 includes a pair of separators 5A, 5B composed of titanium, and an electrolyte, an air electrode and a fuel electrode (not shown) sandwiched therebetween. An endless groove 5Aa is formed in one separator 5A along the contour thereof, and is filled with a rubber seal member 7. An endless full bead 5Ba, bulging toward an adjacent cell 4, is formed in the other separator 5B. When a large number of cells 4 are fastened, while being laminated, by means of fastening bolts and nuts, the full bead 5Ba of one adjoining cell 4 adheres reliably to the seal member 7 of a cell 4 at the adjacent position. Furthermore, the groove 5Aa can be filled with the seal member 7 composed of a rubber paint in a short time by screen printing.EFFECT: A seal structure excellent in productivity and sealability compared with conventional products can be provided.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は燃料電池スタックのシール構造に関し、より詳しくは、隣り合うセルの間のシールを維持するシール構造に関する。   The present invention relates to a seal structure of a fuel cell stack, and more particularly to a seal structure that maintains a seal between adjacent cells.

従来、複数のセルを積層して構成された燃料電池スタックは公知である（例えば特許文献１、特許文献２参照）。
図３〜図４に示すように、従来の一般的な燃料電池スタック１は、アノード側ターミナル電極２及びカソード側ターミナル電極３と、それらの間に積層状態で設けられる多数のセル４とを備えている。各セル４は、金属板からなる一対のセパレータ５Ａ、５Ｂと、それらの間に挟持される図示しない電解質膜、空気極及び燃料極を備えている。また、各セル４のセパレータ５Ａ、５Ｂの間には、所要箇所に絶縁用ゴム６が設けられている。そして、隣り合うセル４、４における隣り合うセパレータ５Ａと５Ｂとの間には、それらの輪郭に沿って無端状をしたゴムのシール材７が設けられている。
そして、図示しない複数の締結ボルトとそれらに螺合されるナットとにより両ターミナル電極２、３と全てのセル４が締結されると、ゴムからなる各シール部材７の弾性によって隣り合うセル４、４の隣り合うセパレータ５Ａ、５Ｂ間のシールが維持されるようになっている（図４参照）。このように、従来の燃料電池スタック１においては、隣り合うセル４、４の隣り合うセパレータ５Ａ、５Ｂの間にゴムのシール部材７が配置されることにより、各セル４の内方側で流通する流体（水素、空気及び水）がセル４の外部へ漏れないようになっている。 Conventionally, a fuel cell stack configured by stacking a plurality of cells is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 4, the conventional general fuel cell stack 1 includes an anode side terminal electrode 2 and a cathode side terminal electrode 3, and a large number of cells 4 provided in a stacked state therebetween. ing. Each cell 4 includes a pair of separators 5A and 5B made of a metal plate, and an electrolyte membrane, an air electrode, and a fuel electrode (not shown) sandwiched therebetween. Further, an insulating rubber 6 is provided between the separators 5A and 5B of each cell 4 at a required location. Between the adjacent separators 5A and 5B in the adjacent cells 4 and 4, an endless rubber seal material 7 is provided along the outline thereof.
And when both terminal electrodes 2, 3 and all the cells 4 are fastened by a plurality of fastening bolts (not shown) and nuts screwed to them, the adjacent cells 4, due to the elasticity of each sealing member 7 made of rubber, The seal between the four adjacent separators 5A and 5B is maintained (see FIG. 4). As described above, in the conventional fuel cell stack 1, the rubber seal member 7 is disposed between the adjacent separators 5 </ b> A and 5 </ b> B of the adjacent cells 4 and 4, thereby distributing on the inner side of each cell 4. The fluid (hydrogen, air, and water) to be prevented from leaking out of the cell 4.

特開２００８−２１０７０７号公報JP 2008-210707 A 特開２００９−１４０７５５号公報JP 2009-140755 A

ところで、図４に示した従来のシール構造においては次のような問題があった。すなわち、前述したように、燃料電池スタック１は多数のセル４を積層して構成されているので、全体としては数百枚のセパレータ５Ａ、５Ｂを複数の締結ボルトとナットで締結する必要がある。そのため、従来では、締結ボルトの軸力が弱くなるために、上記シール部材７として十分な厚さと比較的高い寸法精度が要求されるという問題があった。一例として従来品のシール部材７は、厚さｔが１００μm±１０μmのものが用いられている。
しかも、従来では、ゴムを所定厚さでインジェクション成形することでシール部材７を製造すると同時に該シール部材７をセパレータ５Ａ又は５Ｂの一面に貼り付けていたものである。因みに、従来では、上記ゴムのインジェクション成形・貼り付け作業に約３０分を要していた。そのため、従来の燃料電池スタック１のシール構造は、生産性が悪いという問題があった。 Incidentally, the conventional seal structure shown in FIG. 4 has the following problems. That is, as described above, since the fuel cell stack 1 is formed by laminating a large number of cells 4, it is necessary to fasten several hundred separators 5A and 5B with a plurality of fastening bolts and nuts as a whole. . Therefore, conventionally, since the axial force of the fastening bolt becomes weak, there is a problem that a sufficient thickness and a relatively high dimensional accuracy are required as the seal member 7. As an example, a conventional seal member 7 having a thickness t of 100 μm ± 10 μm is used.
Moreover, conventionally, the seal member 7 is manufactured by injection molding rubber with a predetermined thickness, and at the same time, the seal member 7 is attached to one surface of the separator 5A or 5B. Incidentally, conventionally, it took about 30 minutes for the rubber injection molding and pasting operation. Therefore, the conventional seal structure of the fuel cell stack 1 has a problem that productivity is poor.

上述した事情に鑑み、本発明は、一対のアノード側ターミナル電極及びカソード側ターミナル電極と、それらの間に積層状態で設けられる複数のセルと、隣り合うセルの間のシールを維持するシール部材とを備え、上記セルは、板状をした一対のセパレータと、それらの間に挟持される電解質膜、空気極及び燃料極とを備え、上記両ターミナル電極及び複数のセルが締結ボルトによって締結された際に、上記シール部材によって隣り合うセルの間のシールを維持するようにした燃料電池スタックにおいて、
各セルにおける一方のセパレータに該セパレータの輪郭に沿った無端状の溝を設けて、この溝内にシール部材を充填するとともに、各セルにおける他方のセパレータに、上記溝とシール部材の位置に合わせて、隣接するセルに向けて膨出するフルビードを形成し、
締結ボルトにより両ターミナル電極と複数のセルが締結された際に、隣り合う一方のセルにおけるセパレータのフルビードが、他方のセルにおけるセパレータのシール部材に密着するようにしたものである。 In view of the circumstances described above, the present invention provides a pair of anode-side terminal electrode and cathode-side terminal electrode, a plurality of cells provided in a stacked state therebetween, and a seal member that maintains a seal between adjacent cells; The cell includes a pair of plate-like separators, an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between them, an air electrode, and a fuel electrode, and both the terminal electrodes and the plurality of cells are fastened by fastening bolts. In the fuel cell stack in which the seal between the adjacent cells is maintained by the sealing member,
One separator in each cell is provided with an endless groove along the outline of the separator, the seal member is filled in the groove, and the other separator in each cell is aligned with the position of the groove and the seal member. To form a full bead that bulges toward an adjacent cell,
When both terminal electrodes and a plurality of cells are fastened by fastening bolts, the separator full beads in one adjacent cell are brought into close contact with the separator sealing member in the other cell.

このような構成によれば、フルビードがシール部材に密着することで、シールを確実に維持することができる。また、従来品と比較してシール部材の厚さを薄くすることが可能となり、それにより製造時におけるシール部材の厚さの管理が容易となる。したがって、生産性とシール性が良好な燃料電池スタックのシール構造を提供することができる。 According to such a structure, a seal | sticker can be reliably maintained because a full bead adheres to a sealing member. In addition, the thickness of the seal member can be reduced as compared with the conventional product, thereby facilitating the management of the thickness of the seal member during manufacturing. Therefore, it is possible to provide a fuel cell stack sealing structure with good productivity and sealing performance.

本発明の一実施例を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows one Example of this invention. 図１のＩＩ−ＩＩ線に沿う要部の断面図であり、図２（ａ）は締結ボルトによりセルが締結される前の状態を示し、図２（ｂ）は締結ボルトによりセルが締結された後の状態を示している。It is sectional drawing of the principal part along the II-II line | wire of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (a) shows the state before a cell is fastened with a fastening bolt, FIG.2 (b) is a cell fastened with a fastening bolt. It shows the state after. 従来技術を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows a prior art. 図３のＩＶ―ＩＶ線に沿う要部の断面図。Sectional drawing of the principal part which follows the IV-IV line | wire of FIG.

以下図示実施例について本発明を説明すると、図１ないし図２において、燃料電池スタック１は図３に示した従来技術と同様の基本構成を備えている。すなわち、本実施例の燃料電池スタック１は、一対のアノード側ターミナル電極２及びカソード側ターミナル電極３と、それらの間に積層状態で設けられる多数のセル４、４とを備えている。各セル４は、長方形をしたチタンの薄板からなる一対のセパレータ５Ａ、５Ｂと、それらの間に挟持される図示しない電解質膜、空気極及び燃料極を備えている。また、一対のセパレータ５Ａ、５Ｂの間の所要箇所に絶縁用ゴム６が設けられている。そして、上記両ターミナル電極２，３及び多数のセル４は、図示しない４本の締結ボルトとそれらの先端に螺合されるナットによって一体に締結されるようになっている。   The present invention will be described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the fuel cell stack 1 has the same basic structure as that of the prior art shown in FIG. That is, the fuel cell stack 1 of the present embodiment includes a pair of anode-side terminal electrodes 2 and cathode-side terminal electrodes 3, and a large number of cells 4 and 4 provided between them in a stacked state. Each cell 4 includes a pair of separators 5A and 5B made of a thin titanium plate having a rectangular shape, and an electrolyte membrane, an air electrode, and a fuel electrode (not shown) sandwiched therebetween. Further, an insulating rubber 6 is provided at a required location between the pair of separators 5A and 5B. The two terminal electrodes 2 and 3 and the plurality of cells 4 are integrally fastened by four fastening bolts (not shown) and nuts screwed to their tips.

しかして、本実施例は、図２（ａ）、（ｂ）に示したシール構造により、隣り合うセル４、４の間のシールを維持するようになっている。より詳細には、セル４の一方のセパレータ５Ａには、その輪郭に沿って無端状の溝５Ａａが形成されており、この無端状の溝５Ａａ内にスクリーン印刷によりゴムからなるシール部材７が充填されている。つまり、シール部材７もセパレータ５Ａの輪郭に沿って無端状に設けられている。溝５Ａａの深さｄは５０μｍに設定してあり、シール部材７の厚さｔは５０μｍ±８μｍとなっている。なお、ゴム塗料からなるシール部材７をセパレータ５Ａの溝５Ａａにスクリーン印刷で充填する際の所要時間は８秒程度である。図２に示すように、溝５Ａａ内のシール部材７の表面は、その隣接位置となるセパレータ５Ａの表面と同一平面となっている。
また、セル４の他方のセパレータ５Ｂには、上記溝５Ａａ及びシール部材７の位置に対応させて、かつ、隣のセル４のシール部材７に向けて膨出するフルビード５Ｂａが形成されている。このフルビード５Ｂａも、セパレータ５Ｂの輪郭に沿って無端状に形成されており、フルビード５Ｂａの断面は半円形となっている。フルビード５Ｂａの最大膨出量ｈは約５０μｍに設定されており、フルビード５Ｂａの基部の幅は、溝５Ａａの底部の幅と実質的に同じ寸法となっている。さらに、溝５Ａａの裏面と半円形のフルビード５Ｂａとの間にも絶縁用ゴム６が設けられている。
以上の構成により、各セル４の内方側に配置された図示しない電解質膜、空気極及び燃料極は、無端状のシール部材７とフルビード５Ｂａによって囲繞されている。 Thus, in this embodiment, the seal between the adjacent cells 4 and 4 is maintained by the seal structure shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). More specifically, an endless groove 5Aa is formed along the contour of one separator 5A of the cell 4, and the endless groove 5Aa is filled with a seal member 7 made of rubber by screen printing. Has been. That is, the seal member 7 is also provided endlessly along the outline of the separator 5A. The depth d of the groove 5Aa is set to 50 μm, and the thickness t of the seal member 7 is 50 μm ± 8 μm. The time required for filling the seal member 7 made of rubber paint into the groove 5Aa of the separator 5A by screen printing is about 8 seconds. As shown in FIG. 2, the surface of the seal member 7 in the groove 5Aa is flush with the surface of the separator 5A that is the adjacent position.
The other separator 5B of the cell 4 is formed with a full bead 5Ba bulging toward the seal member 7 of the adjacent cell 4 corresponding to the position of the groove 5Aa and the seal member 7. This full bead 5Ba is also formed endlessly along the outline of the separator 5B, and the cross section of the full bead 5Ba is semicircular. The maximum bulge amount h of the full bead 5Ba is set to about 50 μm, and the width of the base of the full bead 5Ba is substantially the same as the width of the bottom of the groove 5Aa. Further, an insulating rubber 6 is also provided between the back surface of the groove 5Aa and the semicircular full bead 5Ba.
With the above configuration, the electrolyte membrane, the air electrode, and the fuel electrode (not shown) arranged on the inner side of each cell 4 are surrounded by the endless seal member 7 and the full bead 5Ba.

そして、上記両ターミナル電極２，３及び全てのセル４が図示しない複数の締結ボルトとナットによって一体に締結されると、一方のセル４におけるセパレータ５Ｂのフルビード５Ｂａが、隣接位置のセル４のセパレータ５Ａのシール部材７に密着するようになっている（図２（ｂ）参照）。
ここで、フルビード５Ｂａはチタンの薄板からなり半円形に膨出しているので、それ自体で弾性を備えている。また、溝５Ａａ内のシール部材７はゴムからなり、弾性を備えている。そのため、フルビード５Ｂａの頂部がシール部材７に強く密着して、その部分のシールが確実に維持されるようになっている。つまり、隣り合うセル４、４の間のシールが確実に維持されるので、セル４の内方側を流通する流体（水素、酸素、水）がセル４の外部に漏れるのを確実に阻止することができる。
また、本実施例においては、溝５Ａａ内に充填されるシール部材７の厚さは、前述した従来品のシール部材の厚さの半分となっている。そのため、本実施例においては、粘度の低いゴム塗料を用いることができ、それを溝５Ａａに充填してシール部材７とすることができる。そして、このように粘度が低いゴム塗料を用いることができるので、シール部材７の表面が平滑となり、シール部材７の厚さの精度を向上させることができる。このように、本実施例によれば、従来と比較してシール部材７の厚さを薄くすることが可能となり、それにより製造時におけるシール部材７の厚さの管理が容易となる。したがって、本実施例によれば、生産性とシール性が良好な燃料電子スタック１のシール構造を提供することができる。 When both the terminal electrodes 2 and 3 and all the cells 4 are integrally fastened by a plurality of fastening bolts and nuts (not shown), the full bead 5Ba of the separator 5B in one cell 4 becomes the separator of the cell 4 in the adjacent position. It comes into close contact with the 5A seal member 7 (see FIG. 2B).
Here, the full bead 5Ba is made of a thin plate of titanium and swells in a semicircular shape, so that it itself has elasticity. The seal member 7 in the groove 5Aa is made of rubber and has elasticity. Therefore, the top of the full bead 5Ba is in close contact with the seal member 7 so that the seal of that portion is reliably maintained. That is, since the seal between the adjacent cells 4 and 4 is reliably maintained, the fluid (hydrogen, oxygen, water) flowing inside the cell 4 is reliably prevented from leaking to the outside of the cell 4. be able to.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the seal member 7 filled in the groove 5Aa is half of the thickness of the conventional seal member described above. Therefore, in this embodiment, a rubber paint having a low viscosity can be used, and the seal member 7 can be formed by filling the groove 5Aa. And since the rubber coating material with such a low viscosity can be used in this way, the surface of the sealing member 7 becomes smooth, and the precision of the thickness of the sealing member 7 can be improved. As described above, according to the present embodiment, the thickness of the seal member 7 can be reduced as compared with the prior art, and the management of the thickness of the seal member 7 at the time of manufacture becomes easy. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide the seal structure of the fuel electronic stack 1 with good productivity and sealability.

なお、上記実施例においては、フルビード５Ｂａの断面は半円形となっているが、フルビード５Ｂａの断面は上記溝５Ａａと同様に台形状であっても良い。また、上記溝５Ａａの断面形状は台形状となっているが、フルビード５Ａａと同様に半円形であっても良い。   In addition, in the said Example, although the cross section of full bead 5Ba is a semicircle, the cross section of full bead 5Ba may be trapezoid like the said groove | channel 5Aa. Moreover, although the cross-sectional shape of the groove 5Aa is trapezoidal, it may be semicircular like the full bead 5Aa.

１‥燃料電池スタック ２‥アノード側ターミナル電極
３‥カソード側ターミナル電極 ４‥セル
５Ａ‥セパレータ ５Ａａ‥溝
５Ｂ‥セパレータ ５Ｂａ‥フルビード
７‥シール部材 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fuel cell stack 2 ... Anode side terminal electrode 3 ... Cathode side terminal electrode 4 ... Cell 5A ... Separator 5Aa ... Groove 5B ... Separator 5Ba ... Full bead 7 ... Seal member

Claims (5)

一対のアノード側ターミナル電極及びカソード側ターミナル電極と、それらの間に積層状態で設けられる複数のセルと、隣り合うセルの間のシールを維持するシール部材とを備え、上記セルは、板状をした一対のセパレータと、それらの間に挟持される電解質膜、空気極及び燃料極とを備え、
上記両ターミナル電極及び複数のセルが締結ボルトによって締結された際に、上記シール部材によって隣り合うセルの間のシールを維持するようにした燃料電池スタックにおいて、
各セルにおける一方のセパレータに該セパレータの輪郭に沿った無端状の溝を設けて、この溝内にシール部材を充填するとともに、各セルにおける他方のセパレータに、上記溝とシール部材の位置に合わせて、隣接するセルに向けて膨出するフルビードを形成し、
締結ボルトにより両ターミナル電極と複数のセルが締結された際に、隣り合う一方のセルにおけるセパレータのフルビードが、他方のセルにおけるセパレータのシール部材に密着することを特徴とする燃料電池スタックのシール構造。 A pair of anode-side terminal electrodes and cathode-side terminal electrodes; a plurality of cells provided in a stacked state therebetween; and a seal member that maintains a seal between adjacent cells, the cells having a plate shape A pair of separators, an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between them, an air electrode and a fuel electrode,
In the fuel cell stack configured to maintain a seal between adjacent cells by the sealing member when the both terminal electrodes and the plurality of cells are fastened by fastening bolts,
One separator in each cell is provided with an endless groove along the outline of the separator, the seal member is filled in the groove, and the other separator in each cell is aligned with the position of the groove and the seal member. To form a full bead that bulges toward an adjacent cell,
A fuel cell stack sealing structure, wherein when both terminal electrodes and a plurality of cells are fastened by a fastening bolt, a separator full bead in one adjacent cell is in close contact with a separator sealing member in the other cell . 上記溝は断面が台形状となっており、該溝内にシール部材が充填されており、上記フルビードは断面が半円形となっていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池スタックのシール構造。   2. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the groove has a trapezoidal cross section, a sealing member is filled in the groove, and the full bead has a semicircular cross section. Seal structure. 上記溝の裏面とフルビードとの間には絶縁用ゴムが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の燃料電池スタックのシール構造。   3. The fuel cell stack sealing structure according to claim 2, wherein an insulating rubber is provided between the back surface of the groove and the full bead. 上記シール部材はゴムからなり、スクリーン印刷によって上記溝に充填されており、上記シール部材の表面は、その隣接位置のセパレータの表面と同一平面となっていることを特徴とする請求項２又は請求項３に記載の燃料電池スタックのシール構造。   3. The seal member according to claim 2, wherein the seal member is made of rubber and is filled in the groove by screen printing, and the surface of the seal member is flush with the surface of the separator at the adjacent position. Item 4. The fuel cell stack sealing structure according to Item 3. 上記溝の深さ及び上記シール部材の厚さは５０μｍに設定されており、上記フルビードの膨出量は５０μｍに設定されていることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の燃料電池スタックのシール構造。   5. The fuel cell stack seal structure according to claim 4, wherein the depth of the groove and the thickness of the seal member are set to 50 [mu] m, and the bulge amount of the full bead is set to 50 [mu] m. .
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