JP2016189888A - Extinguishment solution - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、安全で高い消火性能を有する環境配慮型の消火水溶液に関する。 The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly fire-fighting aqueous solution having a safe and high fire-extinguishing performance.
水や水系消火薬剤といった消火水溶液は、紙や木材等の火災を消火対象とする一般火災に使用され、冷却効果や隙間への浸透性により優れた消火性能を有するものの、消火対象にかかった消火水溶液は直ちに下方へ流れ落ちてしまうため、完全に消火するまで放水を続けなければならず、大量の水を必要とする。このため、大きな火災、特に林野火災等では水の確保や搬送に大変な作業が強いられることになる。
そのため、早く、少ない量で確実に消火できる消火薬剤が求められており、このような消火水溶液として、水に浸潤剤を添加した消火水溶液がある（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
Extinguishing water solutions such as water and water-based fire extinguishing agents are used for general fires that target fires such as paper and wood, and have excellent fire extinguishing performance due to the cooling effect and permeability to the gaps, but fire extinguishing fires applied to fire extinguishing targets Since the aqueous solution flows down immediately, water must be continuously discharged until the fire is completely extinguished, and a large amount of water is required. For this reason, in a big fire, especially a forest fire, etc., a great work is forced to secure and transport water.
For this reason, there is a demand for a fire extinguishing agent that can be extinguished quickly and reliably in a small amount. As such a fire extinguishing aqueous solution, there is a fire extinguishing aqueous solution in which an infiltrant is added to water (for example, see Patent Document 1).
上記のように、少ない量で確実に消火できる消火水溶液として、水に浸潤剤を添加した消火水溶液があるが、消火対象にかかった消火水溶液は直ちに下方へ流れ落ちてしまうため、浸潤剤の効果も低く、また、特に林野火災等では殆ど効果が見られず、消火のために大量の水を低減できる迄に至っていないのが現状である。
このような現状を打開するためには、消火対象にかかった消火水溶液を暫く消火対象に付着させておくといったことが考えられる。
消火対象に付着して容易に脱落しない消火薬剤として機械泡消火薬剤がある。しかし、機械泡消火薬剤は、消火対象が立体物などの場合、隙間には入り込み難いため、紙や木材等の火災を消火対象とする一般火災や林野火災等には適さず、また、発泡成分がたん白泡消火薬剤、合成界面活性剤泡消火薬剤などであるため、環境負荷が高く一般火災や林野火災等の消火に使用する消火薬剤としては好ましくなく、また、還元時間が長いため、例えば、鎮火後の現場検証の妨げになるといった問題がある。
本発明者等は、このような問題を解決すべく試験研究を重ねた結果、特許第５３８１６１２号に記載された消火設備訓練用発泡剤に着目した。特許第５３８１６１２号には、消火設備訓練用発泡剤は、消泡性とともに分解性に優れ、訓練後は早期にそのまま下水道へ排出できることが記載されている。
本発明者等は、このような消火設備訓練用発泡剤を水に添加することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
As mentioned above, there is a fire extinguishing aqueous solution in which an infiltrant is added to water as a fire extinguishing aqueous solution that can be surely extinguished in a small amount, but the fire extinguishing aqueous solution applied to the fire extinguisher immediately flows down, so the effect of the infiltrating agent is also The current situation is that it is low and has little effect especially in forest fires, and has not yet reached the point where a large amount of water can be reduced for extinction.
In order to overcome this situation, it is conceivable that the fire extinguishing aqueous solution applied to the fire extinguishing target is allowed to adhere to the fire extinguishing target for a while.
There is a mechanical foam fire extinguishing agent that adheres to the fire extinguishing target and does not easily fall off. However, mechanical foam fire extinguishing agents are not suitable for general fires or forest fires where fires such as paper and wood are subject to extinguishment when the object to be extinguished is a three-dimensional object, etc. Because it is a white foam fire-extinguishing agent, a synthetic surfactant foam fire-extinguishing agent, etc., it is not preferable as a fire extinguishing agent used for extinguishing high environmental impacts such as general fires and forest fires. There is a problem that it hinders on-site verification after the fire is extinguished.
The inventors of the present invention focused on the foaming agent for fire extinguishing equipment training described in Japanese Patent No. 5381612 as a result of repeated studies to solve such problems. Japanese Patent No. 5381612 describes that the fire extinguishing equipment training foaming agent is excellent in defoamability and decomposability, and can be discharged into the sewer as soon as possible after training.
The present inventors have found that such a fire extinguishing equipment training foaming agent is added to water, and have completed the present invention.
本発明の目的は、少ない量で、確実に消火でき、且つ消泡性とともに分解性に優れた消火水溶液を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a fire-extinguishing aqueous solution that can reliably extinguish fires in a small amount and has excellent decomposability as well as anti-foaming properties.
上記の目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載の発明は、
水溶液中に、下記一般式（１）
ＲＣＨ＝ＣＨ(ＣＨ２)ｎＳＯ３Ｚ ・・・（１）
（Ｒは炭素数８〜３０の脂肪族炭化水素基、ｎは０〜５、Ｚはアルカリ金属および／またはアルカリ土類金属）で表わされるアルファオレフィンスルホン酸塩を含む炭化水素系アニオン界面活性剤を、０．３〜３．１重量％の範囲の濃度を含んでなる消火設備訓練用発泡剤を、水に添加したことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1
In the aqueous solution, the following general formula (1)
RCH = CH (CH 2 ) n SO 3 Z (1)
Hydrocarbon anionic surfactant containing an alpha olefin sulfonate represented by (R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, n is 0 to 5, and Z is an alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal) Is characterized in that a fire-fighting equipment training foaming agent comprising a concentration in the range of 0.3 to 3.1% by weight is added to water.
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の、前記水に添加した添加した前記消火設備訓練用発泡剤の添加量は、前記水１００に対し０．５〜３．０容量％の割合で添加されていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 2 is the addition amount of the fire extinguishing equipment training foaming agent added to the water according to claim 1 is 0.5 to 3.0% by volume with respect to the water 100. It is added in a ratio.
請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１または２のいずれか１項に記載の、水は浸潤剤が添加されていることを特徴とする。 The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that the water according to any one of claims 1 or 2 is added with an infiltrating agent.
本発明に係る消火水溶液によれば、水に消火設備訓練用発泡剤を添加したので、消防車等の消火設備からの放出時に消火水溶液の一部が発泡した状態で放出され、泡を含んだ消火水溶液が消火対象にかかり、また、消火水溶液の表面張力が下がることから、消火水溶液や泡が消火対象に付着し、直ぐの落下が阻止される。そして、付着した泡は短時間で消泡し液体となって消火作用を果たすので、泡となって消火対象に付着した分の水の無駄がなくなり、消火効果に必要な消火水溶液の量を従来の消火水溶液に比べ少なくすることができ、コストの削減を図ることができる。
また、水に添加する消火設備訓練用発泡剤は、分解性に優れるので環境負荷の問題はなく、早期にそのまま下水道へ排出でき、また、短時間で消泡するので、例えば、鎮火後の現場検証の妨げになるといった問題もない。
特に、水に添加した消火設備訓練用発泡剤の添加量が、水１００に対し０．５〜３．０容量％の割合で添加されていると、好適量な泡の付着と、付着した泡の好適な消泡時間が得られる。
また、水は浸潤剤が添加されていると表面張力が下がり、消火対象への水の浸透が促進され、消火性能が向上し消火時間も短縮するので、消火効果に必要な消火水溶液の量を一層少なくすることができる。
また、本発明に係る消火水溶液は消防自動車等による一般火災への使用だけではなく、ヘリコプターで空中散布することにより、林野火災にも使用することができる。
また、本発明に係る消火水溶液を、液体危険物用の発泡ノズルを用いて放出すれば、小規模な液体危険物火災の消火が可能となる。
According to the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution according to the present invention, since a foaming agent for fire-fighting equipment training is added to water, a part of the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution is released in a foamed state when released from a fire-fighting equipment such as a fire engine, and contains foam. Since the fire extinguishing aqueous solution is applied to the fire extinguishing target and the surface tension of the fire extinguishing aqueous solution is lowered, the fire extinguishing aqueous solution and the bubbles are attached to the fire extinguishing target, and the immediate fall is prevented. And since the adhering foam extinguishes in a short time and becomes a liquid and performs a fire extinguishing action, there is no waste of water adhering to the fire extinguisher as a foam, and the amount of fire extinguishing aqueous solution necessary for the fire extinguishing effect is conventionally reduced It can be reduced compared with the fire extinguishing aqueous solution, and cost can be reduced.
In addition, the fire-fighting equipment training foaming agent added to the water is excellent in degradability, so there is no problem of environmental impact, it can be discharged into the sewers as it is, and the foam is extinguished in a short time. There is no problem that hinders verification.
In particular, when the amount of the foaming agent for fire fighting equipment training added to water is added at a ratio of 0.5 to 3.0% by volume with respect to water 100, a suitable amount of foam is attached and the attached foam is The preferred defoaming time is obtained.
In addition, when the wetting agent is added to water, the surface tension decreases, the penetration of water into the fire extinguishing target is promoted, the fire extinguishing performance is improved, and the fire extinguishing time is shortened. It can be further reduced.
Moreover, the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution according to the present invention can be used not only for general fires by fire engines, but also for forest fires by spraying in the air with a helicopter.
Moreover, if the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution according to the present invention is discharged using a foam nozzle for liquid dangerous goods, it is possible to extinguish a small-scale liquid dangerous goods fire.
以下、本発明に係る消火薬剤の実施の形態の一例を詳細に説明する。
本例の消火水溶液は、
水溶液中に、下記一般式（１）
ＲＣＨ＝ＣＨ(ＣＨ２)ｎＳＯ３Ｚ ・・・（１）
（Ｒは炭素数８〜３０の脂肪族炭化水素基、ｎは０〜５、Ｚはアルカリ金属および／またはアルカリ土類金属）で表わされるアルファオレフィンスルホン酸塩を含む炭化水素系アニオン界面活性剤を、０．３〜３．１重量％の範囲の濃度を含んでなる消火設備訓練用発泡剤を、水に添加したものである。
水に添加した消火設備訓練用発泡剤の添加量は、前記水１００に対し０．５〜３．０容量％の割合とする。
消火設備訓練用発泡剤の添加量が０．５容量％未満であると、放出された消火剤の発泡倍率と浸透性が低く、消火対象にかかった消火薬剤は直ぐに落ちてしまい、期待する消火効果の向上が図れるまでに至らず、また３．０容量％を超えると発泡倍率が高くなり、消火時間が長くなり、期待する消火効果の向上が図れないばかりか、鎮火後の現場検証の妨げになるおそれがある。
また、消火設備訓練用発泡剤を添加する水にあっては、淡水、海水のいずれであってもよい。
Hereinafter, an example of the embodiment of the fire-extinguishing agent according to the present invention will be described in detail.
The fire extinguishing water solution in this example is
In the aqueous solution, the following general formula (1)
RCH = CH (CH 2 ) n SO 3 Z (1)
Hydrocarbon anionic surfactant containing an alpha olefin sulfonate represented by (R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, n is 0 to 5, and Z is an alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal) Is added to water with a foam for training fire fighting equipment comprising a concentration in the range of 0.3 to 3.1% by weight.
The amount of the fire-extinguishing equipment training foaming agent added to the water is 0.5 to 3.0% by volume with respect to the water 100.
If the amount of foaming agent for fire fighting equipment training is less than 0.5% by volume, the extinguishing ratio and permeability of the fire extinguisher released will be low, and the fire extinguishing agent applied to the fire extinguisher will soon fall, and the expected fire extinguishing The improvement of the effect is not achieved, and if it exceeds 3.0% by volume, the expansion ratio becomes high, the fire extinguishing time becomes long, the expected fire extinguishing effect cannot be improved, and the on-site verification after the extinguishing is hindered. There is a risk of becoming.
In addition, the water to which the fire fighting equipment training foaming agent is added may be either fresh water or sea water.
＜木材向け発泡消火試験＞
発泡試験は、消火設備訓練用発泡剤を水１００に対し０．５、１．０、３．０容量％の割合で添加した消火水溶液で実施した。ノズルから容器に消火水溶液を放射し、放射終了後に泡の体積を測定する。泡の体積を放射した消火水溶液と同体積の水の重量で除し、それを発泡倍率とする。
また、放射した消火水溶液量の２５％量が泡から消火水溶液に戻るまでの時間を測定し、それを２５％還元時間とする。結果を表１に示す。
<Foam extinguishing test for wood>
The foam test was carried out with a fire extinguishing aqueous solution in which a foaming agent for fire fighting equipment training was added at a ratio of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0% by volume with respect to water 100. A fire-extinguishing aqueous solution is radiated from the nozzle to the container, and the volume of the foam is measured after the radiation is completed. Divide the volume of the foam by the weight of water in the same volume as the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution, and let it be the expansion ratio.
Moreover, the time until 25% of the amount of the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution radiated returns from the foam to the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution is measured, and this is defined as a 25% reduction time. The results are shown in Table 1.
しかし、この一般火災に用いられる場合に好適な泡の性状としては、泡となった消火水溶液が消火対象に付着し直ぐに落下せず、そして、付着した泡が短時間で消泡し液体となって消火作用を果たすために、発泡倍率６倍未満且つ２５％還元時間１分未満であることが望まれる。
試験結果から、本例の消火水溶液の泡の性状は、発泡倍率６倍未満且つ２５％還元時間１分未満であった。
However, suitable foam properties for use in this general fire are that the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution that has become a foam does not fall immediately upon adhering to the fire extinguisher, and the attached foam disappears in a short time to become a liquid. In order to perform the fire extinguishing action, it is desirable that the expansion ratio is less than 6 times and the 25% reduction time is less than 1 minute.
From the test results, the foam properties of the fire extinguishing aqueous solution of this example were less than 6 times the expansion ratio and 25% reduction time was less than 1 minute.
消火試験は、消火設備訓練用発泡剤を水１００に対し０．０、０．５、１．０容量％の割合で添加した消火水溶液で実施した。重量約５７ｋｇの木材で作成した消火模型を燃焼させ、ある一定の時間に達したら、前記のノズルから消火水溶液を消火模型に放射して消火した。結果を表２に示す。 The fire-extinguishing test was carried out with a fire-extinguishing aqueous solution in which a foaming agent for fire-fighting equipment training was added at a ratio of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% by volume with respect to water 100. A fire extinguishing model made of wood having a weight of about 57 kg was burned, and when a certain time was reached, a fire extinguishing aqueous solution was emitted from the nozzle to the fire extinguishing model to extinguish the fire. The results are shown in Table 2.
＜規格省令に準じた液体危険物向け発泡消火試験＞
液体危険物に用いる泡消火薬剤は、泡消火薬剤の技術上の規格を定める省令（昭和５０年自治省令第２６号）によって規格が定められている。その規格省令に準じ発泡試験を実施した。結果を表３に示す。
・試験条件
泡採取容器：泡コンテナ（容量：１４００ｍｌ）
標準発泡ノズル：合成界面活性剤泡消火薬剤試験用標準発泡ノズル
放水量：１０．０Ｌ／分
放水圧力：０．７ＭＰａ
水溶液温：２０±２°Ｃ
標準発泡ノズルから上記放水条件で泡コンテナに放射し１４００ｍｌの泡を測りとる。 その泡の重量を同体積の水の重量で除し、発泡倍率とする。
また、放射した水溶液量の２５％量が泡から水溶液に戻るまでの時間を測定し、それを２５％還元時間とする。
<Foam extinguishing test for liquid dangerous goods according to the standard ministerial ordinance>
The standard of foam fire extinguishing chemicals used for liquid dangerous goods is determined by a ministerial ordinance (Ministry of Autonomy Ordinance No. 26 of 1975) that establishes technical standards for foam extinguishing chemicals. A foaming test was conducted in accordance with the standard ministerial ordinance. The results are shown in Table 3.
Test conditions Foam collection container: foam container (capacity: 1400 ml)
Standard foaming nozzle: Standard foaming nozzle for synthetic surfactant foam fire extinguishing agent Water discharge amount: 10.0 L / min Water discharge pressure: 0.7 MPa
Aqueous solution temperature: 20 ± 2 ° C
A standard foam nozzle radiates the foam container under the above water discharge conditions and measures 1400 ml of foam. The foam weight is divided by the weight of water of the same volume to obtain the expansion ratio.
Moreover, the time until 25% of the emitted aqueous solution returns from the foam to the aqueous solution is measured, and this is defined as the 25% reduction time.
従って、本例の消火水溶液を、泡消火薬剤の技術上の規格を定める省令（昭和５０年自治省令第２６号）によって規格が定められている標準発泡ノズルを用いれば、水１００に対し３．０容量％の添加で当該規格通りに液体危険物を消火することも可能である。
Therefore, if the standard foaming nozzle whose standard is determined by the ministerial ordinance (Ministry of Self-government Ordinance No. 26 of 1975) that defines the technical standard of the foam fire extinguishing agent is used for the fire extinguishing aqueous solution of this example, It is also possible to extinguish liquid dangerous goods according to the standard by adding 0% by volume.
消火試験は３％に希釈した環境配慮型泡消火薬剤を合成界面活性剤泡消火薬剤試験用標準発泡ノズルで８分間放出し、消火するまでの時間を計測した。結果を表４に示す。
・試験条件
試験装置：鉄製燃焼皿（長さ：２００ｃｍ、幅：２００ｃｍ、深さ：３０ｃｍ）
標準発泡ノズル：合成界面活性剤泡消火薬剤試験用標準発泡ノズル
放水量：１０．０Ｌ／分
放水圧力：０．７ＭＰａ
水溶液温：２０±２°Ｃ
（判定基準）８分間放射し、５分以内に消火するものであること。
In the fire extinguishing test, an environmentally friendly foam extinguishing agent diluted to 3% was discharged for 8 minutes with a standard foam nozzle for synthetic surfactant foam extinguishing agent test, and the time until extinguishing was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
Test conditions Test apparatus: Iron combustion dish (length: 200 cm, width: 200 cm, depth: 30 cm)
Standard foaming nozzle: Standard foaming nozzle for synthetic surfactant foam fire extinguishing agent Water discharge amount: 10.0 L / min Water discharge pressure: 0.7 MPa
Aqueous solution temperature: 20 ± 2 ° C
(Criteria) Emission for 8 minutes and extinguish within 5 minutes.
従って、本例の消火水溶液を、泡消火薬剤の技術上の規格を定める省令（昭和５０年自治省令第２６号）によって規格が定められている標準発泡ノズルを用いれば、水１００に対し３．０容量％の添加で当該規格通りに液体危険物を消火に効果があることが認められる。
Therefore, if the standard foaming nozzle whose standard is determined by the ministerial ordinance (Ministry of Self-government Ordinance No. 26 of 1975) that defines the technical standard of the foam fire extinguishing agent is used for the fire extinguishing aqueous solution of this example, It is recognized that the addition of 0% by volume is effective in extinguishing liquid dangerous goods according to the standard.
従って、本発明に係る消火水溶液は一般火災用ではあるが、水１００に対し消火設備訓練用発泡剤を３．０容量％の添加で、前記の標準発泡ノズルを用いることにより液体危険物の消火にも使用することができる。 Therefore, although the fire-extinguishing aqueous solution according to the present invention is for general fires, it is possible to extinguish liquid hazardous materials by adding 3.0% by volume of the fire-fighting equipment training foaming agent to water 100 and using the standard foaming nozzle. Can also be used.
Claims (3)
ＲＣＨ＝ＣＨ(ＣＨ２)ｎＳＯ３Ｚ ・・・（１）
（Ｒは炭素数８〜３０の脂肪族炭化水素基、ｎは０〜５、Ｚはアルカリ金属および／またはアルカリ土類金属）で表わされるアルファオレフィンスルホン酸塩を含む炭化水素系アニオン界面活性剤を、０．３〜３．１重量％の範囲の濃度を含んでなる消火設備訓練用発泡剤を、水に添加したことを特徴とする消火水溶液。 In the aqueous solution, the following general formula (1)
RCH = CH (CH 2 ) n SO 3 Z (1)
Hydrocarbon anionic surfactant containing an alpha olefin sulfonate represented by (R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, n is 0 to 5, and Z is an alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal) A fire-extinguishing aqueous solution, wherein a foaming agent for fire-fighting equipment training comprising a concentration in the range of 0.3 to 3.1% by weight is added to water.
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| JP2015071000A JP2016189888A (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | Extinguishment solution |
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| JP2015071000A JP2016189888A (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | Extinguishment solution |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110639156A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-01-03 | 北京南瑞怡和环保科技有限公司 | Fluorine-free environment-friendly efficient aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110639156A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-01-03 | 北京南瑞怡和环保科技有限公司 | Fluorine-free environment-friendly efficient aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
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