JP2016176758A - System, method, and program for estimating heat transfer coefficient, and heat transfer coefficient test apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable simple and quick estimation of a heat transfer coefficient as an indicator of heat insulation capability of a planar member.SOLUTION: A heat transfer coefficient estimation system estimates a heat transfer coefficient (U) of a planar member (80) using a test apparatus (11). The test apparatus (11) includes a tabular member (21) and a heat generating member including a heater (22) provided on a back surface of the tabular member. The heat transfer coefficient (U) of the planar member is estimated, while the planar member is heated by the heat generating member, based on a front surface temperature (Ti) and back surface temperature (Th) of the tabular member as measured when the temperature is stabilized, an outdoor-side temperature (To) of the planar member, and a pre-stored heat transfer coefficient (U) of the tabular member. The system predicts stabilized temperature of the tabular member on the front surface side when the back surface temperature (Th) stabilizes after being heated by the heat generating member.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat transmissivity estimation system, method, and program for estimating the heat transmissivity of a surface member as an index representing the heat insulation performance of the surface member located between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, and heat. The present invention relates to a thermal permeability test apparatus used for estimating a permeability.

The thermal insulation performance of a building can be evaluated by estimating the heat loss coefficient of the building. The heat loss coefficient is expressed as a value (Q value) obtained by dividing the amount of heat (W / K) escaping from the building by the total floor area (m ² ). The amount of heat escaping from the building is determined as the total amount of heat escaping from the part (outer wall, first floor, etc.) facing the outdoor space (including the underfloor space and the shed space). Further, the amount of heat escaping from each part is calculated based on the area of the part and the heat transmissibility.

  In order to obtain the heat loss coefficient of a building, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-221774 (Patent Document 1), the temperature of each room of the building and the temperature outside the building are continuously measured, and the average temperature of the entire building and the outside A method has been proposed in which an average temperature of a room in contact with the air is obtained and a heat loss coefficient is estimated according to a heat transfer model in which the two average temperatures have a certain relationship.

  Moreover, in order to obtain | require the heat | fever transmissivity of the outer wall etc. of a building, in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2014-074953 (patent document 2), for example, the heat | fever transmissivity of an outer wall, the heat conductivity according to the outer wall type, outer wall thickness, A method is disclosed in which the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material on the outer wall and the outer wall heat insulating material thickness are calculated by substituting them into the outer wall thermal conductivity calculation formula.

JP 2013-221772 A JP 2014-074953 A

  Like patent document 1, in order to estimate the heat loss coefficient of a building, much time and equipment (thermometer) are needed. In addition, if the temperature difference is not large, the estimation error may increase.

  Moreover, in patent document 2, since it is a premise that the thermal conductivity of the target part (for example, the outer wall) is stored in advance, if the thermal conductivity of the target part is unknown, the thermal conductivity is It cannot be calculated.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and its object is to easily and quickly estimate the heat transmissivity of the target portion (surface member). To provide an estimation system, method and program, and a thermal conductivity test apparatus.

  A thermal conductivity estimation system according to an aspect of the present invention is a system for estimating the thermal conductivity of a surface member as an index representing the heat insulation performance of the surface member located between the indoor space and the outdoor space of the building. And a plate-shaped member, a heat generating member, first and second temperature sensors, a prediction processing unit, and an estimation unit. A plate-shaped member has the surface which contact | abuts or adjoins the indoor surface of a surface member, and the back surface located in the other side. The heat generating member includes a heater provided on the back surface side of the plate-like member, and transfers heat to the surface member. The first and second temperature sensors are respectively provided on the front surface side and the back surface side of the plate member, and detect the front surface temperature and the back surface temperature of the plate member. The prediction processing means predicts a stable temperature on the front side of the plate-like member based on a detection signal from the first temperature sensor in a state where the temperature on the back side of the plate-like member is stable after the heating member is heated. The estimation means includes a stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member predicted by the prediction processing means, a stable temperature on the back surface side of the plate-like member, an outdoor-side temperature of the surface member, and the heat of the plate-like member stored in advance. Based on the flow rate, the thermal flow rate of the face member is estimated.

  Preferably, the heat transmissibility estimation system further includes a heating control unit that performs constant temperature control of the heater so that the temperature on the back surface side of the plate-like member becomes a set temperature. In this case, the set temperature corresponds to the stable temperature on the back side of the plate-like member.

  Preferably, the prediction processing means predicts a stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member using a predetermined prediction formula.

The prediction formula is such that the surface temperature at three points at regular time intervals is y ₁ , y ₂ , y ₃ , the stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member is b, and “(y ₃ −y ₂ ) / (y ₂ -y ₁₎ "and if you put the" K ",
b = (y ₂ -Ky ₁ ) / (1-K)
It is desirable that

  Further, it is desirable that the prediction processing means predicts the stable temperature on the surface side by calculating an approximate curve according to the temperature change of the surface side temperature and extracting three temperatures on the approximate curve.

  The heat generating member may further include a sub-heater provided on the surface side of the plate-like member in order to transmit heat directly to the surface member. In this case, the heating control means may operate the sub-heater only for a specific period from the start of heating so that the surface-side temperature of the plate-like member rises rapidly.

  A thermal conductivity test apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention is used to estimate the thermal conductivity of a surface member as an index representing the heat insulation performance of the surface member located between the indoor space and the outdoor space of the building. A test apparatus comprising a plate-like member, a heat generating member, first and second temperature sensors, prediction processing means, and storage means. The plate-like member has a surface that is in contact with or close to the indoor surface of the surface member, and a back surface located on the opposite side, and has a known thermal conductivity. The heat generating member includes a heater provided on the back surface side of the plate-like member, and transfers heat to the surface member. The first and second temperature sensors are respectively provided on the front surface side and the back surface side of the plate member, and detect the front surface temperature and the back surface temperature of the plate member. The prediction processing means predicts a stable temperature on the front side of the plate-like member based on a detection signal from the second temperature sensor in a state where the temperature on the back side of the plate-like member is stable after the heating member is heated. The storage means stores at least the stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member predicted by the prediction processing means.

  A heat transmissivity estimation method according to still another aspect of the present invention is a method for estimating the heat transmissivity of a surface member as an index representing the heat insulation performance of the surface member located between the indoor space and the outdoor space of the building. A test device is used. The test apparatus includes a plate-shaped member, a heating member including a heater provided on the back surface side of the plate-shaped member, and first and second temperature sensors respectively provided on the front surface side and the back surface side of the plate-shaped member. Prepare. The heat transmissivity estimation method is based on the detection signals from the first and second temperature sensors in a state where the test device is in contact with the indoor surface of the surface member and the surface member is heated by the heat generating member. Measuring the surface-side temperature and the back-side temperature of the plate-like member, and predicting the surface-side stable temperature of the plate-like member from the surface-side temperature measured when the back-side temperature of the plate-like member is stable. Based on the predicted stable temperature on the front surface side of the plate-shaped member, stable temperature on the back surface side of the plate-shaped member, outdoor temperature of the surface member, and the thermal conductivity of the plate-shaped member stored in advance, Estimating the thermal conductivity of the face member.

  A thermal conductivity estimation program according to still another aspect of the present invention causes a computer to execute each step included in the above-described thermal conductivity estimation method.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the thermal conductivity of the surface member in a simple and short time.

It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the heat transmissivity estimation system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the thermal conductivity test apparatus main body which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram showing an example of composition of a heat transmissivity estimating system concerning an embodiment of the invention. In embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows notionally the estimation principle of the heat-transfer rate of a surface member. In embodiment of this invention, it is a graph which shows the typical example of the time transition of the surface side temperature of a plate-shaped member, and a back surface side temperature. In embodiment of this invention, it is a graph for demonstrating the prediction process of the stable temperature of the surface side of a plate-shaped member. It is a flowchart which shows the heat transmissivity measurement process in embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the stable temperature prediction process in embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the thermal conductivity test apparatus main body which concerns on the modification of embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the heat transmissivity estimation system which concerns on the modification of embodiment of this invention. In the modification of embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows typically the arrangement | positioning relationship between a heat | fever permeability test apparatus main body and a surface member. It is a figure which shows typically the example of arrangement | positioning of a temperature sensor in the thermal conductivity test apparatus main body which concerns on the modification of embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the stable temperature prediction process in the modification of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the example of a structure of an apparatus in case the heat-transfer coefficient estimation system which concerns on embodiment of this invention is comprised as a single apparatus. As a comparative example, it is a graph showing a specific example of the time required for measurement of the heat transmissivity when a surface member having a relatively large heat capacity is targeted and the heater is set to a constant output. A typical example of the time transition of the temperature of the position is shown, and the graph of (B) shows the relationship between the thermal conductivity (estimated U value) of the face member and the true value.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

  In the present embodiment, a heat transmissivity estimation system that estimates the heat transmissivity of a surface member as an index representing the heat insulation performance of the surface member located between the indoor space and the outdoor space of the building will be described. The surface member to be evaluated for heat insulation performance includes an outer wall, a floor on the first floor, a ceiling on the top floor, and the like, and the outdoor space includes an under-floor space and a shed space. The surface member is not limited to a single-layer member, and may be a member composed of a plurality of layers.

(About schematic configuration)
First, a schematic configuration of the heat transmissivity estimation system according to the present embodiment will be described. Referring to FIG. 1, a thermal transmissivity estimation system 1 includes a thermal transmissivity test apparatus (hereinafter abbreviated as “test apparatus”) 10 attached to a surface member (hereinafter also referred to as “object”) 80 to be evaluated, An estimation apparatus 13 that is electrically connected to the test apparatus 10 and performs processing for estimating the heat transmissibility is provided.

  The test apparatus 10 includes an apparatus main body 11 arranged in contact with an indoor surface (indoor side surface) of a surface member 80 to be evaluated (hereinafter referred to as “object”), and an outdoor surface (outdoor side of the object 80). And an external temperature sensor 12 that detects the outdoor side temperature of the object 80. As shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus main body 11 includes a reference plate 21, a heater 22, a heat insulating member 23, and two temperature sensors 24 and 25. In FIG. 2, the wiring of the heater 22 and the temperature sensors 24 and 25 is not shown.

The reference plate 21 is a plate-like member that forms one surface (front surface) of the apparatus main body 11, and is arranged (contacted) in contact with the indoor surface of the object 80. That is, the reference plate 21 has a surface 21a that abuts against the indoor surface of the object 80 and a back surface 21b that is located on the opposite side. Thermal transmittance U ₁ of the reference plate 21 is known.

  The reference plate 21 is formed of, for example, a resin-based heat insulating material such as an extruded polystyrene foam. In addition, the reference | standard board 21 should just be a material which can transmit heat to the target object 80 and heat resistance is not too high. Moreover, it is desirable that the heat insulation performance does not change over time. Or it is desirable that it is replaceable when it changes over time. Further, it is desirable that the surface 21a of the reference plate 21 is smooth and can secure the degree of adhesion of the object 80 with the indoor surface. Moreover, the shape is a rectangular shape, for example.

  The heater 22 is a heat generating member provided on the back side of the reference plate 21. When the heater 22 is turned on (heat generation state), heat is transmitted to the object 80 via the reference plate 21. The heater 22 is preferably composed of a planar heating element and has substantially the same area as the reference plate 21. ON / OFF of the heater 22 is controlled by the estimation device 13.

  The heat insulating member 23 is provided on the indoor side of the heater 22, and the reference plate 21, the heater 22, and the heat insulating member 23 are formed in layers. The thickness of the heat insulating member 23 is larger than the thickness of the reference plate 21. The heat resistance of the heat insulating member 23 is sufficiently higher than the heat resistance of the reference plate 21 and prevents the heat of the heater 22 from flowing backward to the indoor space side. As a result, most of the heat of the heater 22 can be transmitted to the object 80 side. In order to evenly transmit the heat of the heater 22 to the reference plate 21, it is desirable that a soaking plate (not shown) is provided between the heater 22 and the reference plate 21.

  The temperature sensor 24 is provided on the back surface 21 b of the reference plate 21 and detects the temperature on the back surface 21 b side of the reference plate 21. The temperature sensor 25 is provided on the surface 21 a of the reference plate 21 and detects the temperature on the surface 21 a side of the reference plate 21. Here, since the surface 21 a of the reference plate 21 is disposed in contact with the indoor surface of the object 80, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 25 is equal to the temperature of the indoor surface of the object 80.

  It is desirable that the temperature sensor 12 be disposed on the same line as the temperature sensors 24 and 25 of the apparatus main body 11 on the outdoor surface of the object 80. That is, when the object 80 is an outer wall, it is desirable that the position of the temperature sensor 12 and the positions of the temperature sensors 24 and 25 are substantially the same height. Since the rate of increase in the temperature of the outdoor surface of the object 80 due to the heating of the heater 22 is slight, the temperature sensor 12 is not limited to the temperature of the outdoor surface of the object 80 itself, but the temperature of the object 80 on the outdoor side. Can be detected. That is, the temperature of the outdoor surface of the object 80 may be replaced with the outside air temperature, or the temperature of the outdoor surface of the object 80 may be estimated by multiplying the outside air temperature by the heat transfer coefficient of air. For example, when the target object 80 is the first floor, the temperature of the outdoor surface of the target object 80 can be replaced with the underfloor temperature. In such a case, the installation position of the temperature sensor 12 is not particularly limited.

  The detection signals from the temperature sensors 24 and 25 and the temperature sensor 12 are input to the estimation device 13, and the estimation device 13 estimates the thermal conductivity of the object 80.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the estimation device 13 includes a control unit 31 that performs various arithmetic processes and control of each unit, a storage unit 32 that stores various types of data and programs, an operation unit 33 that receives instructions from a user, A display unit 34 for displaying various information, a communication unit 35 for performing network communication, a power supply unit 36, and a time measuring unit (not shown) for performing a time measuring operation are included. The estimation device 13 also receives a heating control unit 37 that controls the output of the heater 22 and signals from the temperature sensors 24, 25, and 12 based on an instruction from the control unit 31 and outputs the signals to the control unit 31. And an input unit (not shown). The control unit 31 is realized by an arithmetic processing device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The storage unit 32 is realized by, for example, a nonvolatile storage device. Alternatively, the control unit 31 and the storage unit 32 may be configured as one piece of hardware (storage / calculation unit).

  As shown in FIG. 1, when the test apparatus 10 and the estimation apparatus 13 are separated, the estimation apparatus 13 is a connector to which the wiring terminals of the heater 22 and the temperature sensors 24, 25, 12 are connected (see FIG. 1). (Not shown).

  In addition, as for the apparatus main body 11 and the estimation apparatus 13 of the test apparatus 10, it is desirable to be provided in the one housing | casing 100, as FIG. 16 shows. That is, it is desirable that the heat transmissivity estimation system 1 is constituted by a single device (heat transmissivity estimation device) 1A. In this case, the operation unit 33 and the display unit 34 of the estimation device 13 may be provided on the housing 100. In this case, the operation unit 33 and the display unit 34 may be integrally configured as a touch panel. Further, a partition plate 101 may be provided between the apparatus main body 11 and the estimation apparatus 13.

  Further, as described above, when the temperature of the outdoor surface of the object 80 is replaced by the outside air temperature or the underfloor temperature, the temperature sensor 12 itself is not provided, and the operation unit 33 or the communication unit 35 of the estimation device 13 is provided. Via, the outdoor side temperature of the target 80 may be input. That is, the test apparatus 10 may be configured by only the apparatus main body 11.

(About functional configuration)
Next, the functional configuration of the heat transmissibility estimation system 1 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 3, the estimation device 13 includes a measurement processing unit 41, a prediction processing unit 42, an estimation unit 43, and a result processing unit 44 in addition to the above-described heating control unit 37 as its functional configuration. . The functions of the measurement processing unit 41, the prediction processing unit 42, the estimation unit 43, and the result processing unit 44 are realized by the control unit 31 in a state where the test apparatus 10 is attached to the object 80. The storage unit 32 stores in advance the thermal conductivity U ₁ of the reference plate 21.

  Based on detection signals from the temperature sensors 24, 25, and 12, the measurement processing unit 41 measures the temperature at each position in a state where heat is transmitted to the object 80 by the heater 22. That is, referring to FIG. 4, the rear surface side temperature Th of the reference plate 21, the front surface side temperature (indoor surface temperature of the object 80) Ti of the reference plate 21, and the outdoor side temperature To of the object 80 are measured.

  In addition, the measurement processing unit 41 operates the heater 22 via the heating control unit 37 to heat the object 80 from the indoor space side. That is, the heating control unit 37 controls the output of the heater 22 in accordance with an instruction from the measurement processing unit 41. The output control of the heater 22 by the heating control unit 37 will be described later.

The estimation unit 43 estimates the thermal conductivity of the object 80 from the three temperature gradients after the object 80 is heated. The heat flow rate of the object 80 is estimated based on the temperatures Th, Ti, To at each position and the heat flow rate U ₁ of the reference plate 21 stored in the storage unit 32. An estimation principle of the heat transmissivity of the object 80 by the estimation unit 43 is as follows.

Since the heat transmissivity of the reference plate 21 is known, the heat flow W ₁ (which passes through the reference plate 21) from the value U ₁ and the front and back temperatures (surface side temperature and back surface temperature) Th, Ti of the reference plate 21 ( Unit: W / m ² ) can be estimated. That is, the heat flow W ₁ passing through the reference plate 21 can be estimated by the following formula 1.

_{W 1 = U 1 × (Th} -Ti) ··· Equation 1
On the other hand, the following equation 2 is established for the heat flow W ₀ passing through the object 80 from the unknown heat transmissibility U ₀ and the front and back temperatures (Ti, To) of the object 80.

_{W 0 = U 0 × (Ti} -To) ··· Equation 2
Here, since the heat flow W ₀ passing through the object 80 and the heat flow W ₁ passing through the reference plate 21 are the same when considered in a unified manner, the following Equation 3 is established.

U ₁ × (Th−Ti) = U ₀ × (Ti−To) Equation 3
Therefore, the heat transmissibility U ₀ of the object 80 to be obtained is obtained by the following formula 4.

U ₀ = U ₁ × (Th−Ti) / (Ti−To) Equation 4
That is, the estimation unit 43 estimates the heat flow (W ₀ ) of the reference plate 21 obtained by multiplying the temperature difference between the front and back temperatures Th and Ti of the reference plate 21 by the heat flow rate U _{1 of the} reference plate 21. Is divided by the temperature difference between the front and back temperatures Ti, To of the object 80 (the surface side temperature Ti of the reference plate 21 and the outdoor side temperature To of the object 80), thereby obtaining the thermal conductivity U ₀ of the object 80. Can be derived.

Based on the above estimation principle, in the present embodiment, the heat flow rate of the object 80 is substituted by substituting the thermal conductivity of the reference plate 21 and the three measured temperatures into the calculation formula represented by Formula 4. the transmission coefficient _{U 0} estimated (calculated).

Here, in order to accurately estimate the heat transmissibility U ₀ of the object 80 by the estimating unit 43, the front and back temperatures (Th, Ti) of the reference plate 21 and the outdoor side temperature (To) of the object 80 are originally set. It is necessary to wait until each becomes substantially constant and stable. Note that, as described above, the outdoor side temperature (To) of the object 80 can be regarded as constant regardless of the heating state of the object 80, and thus the front and back temperatures (Th, Ti) of the reference plate 21 are actually stable. You have to wait until you do. The time until the front and back temperatures of the reference plate 21 are stabilized varies depending on the heat capacity of the object 80. Generally, the heat capacity of the flooring is larger than the heat capacity of the outer wall. The flooring is typically composed of a plywood (for example, flooring, wooden floor, etc.) facing an indoor space, and a heat insulating material (for example, polystyrene foam) provided on the back side thereof.

When the object 80 is a surface member having a large heat capacity such as a flooring material, if the object 80 is heated with the output of the heater 22 being a constant output, as shown in FIG. It may take nearly 9 hours for both the back surface temperature Th and the surface side temperature (indoor surface temperature of the object 80) Ti of the reference plate 21 to become stable. In this case, of course, as shown in FIG. 15 (B), it takes nearly 9 hours for the heat flow rate U ₀ of the object 80 to be close to the true value Ut. This is considered to be because, in the case of the object 80 having a large heat capacity, the temperatures Th and Ti at two points rise while the heat from the heater 22 is stored in the object 80. In FIG. 15, the time when both the front and back temperatures Th and Ti of the reference plate 21 are stable and the estimated U value substantially coincides with the true value is indicated by “tz”. The outdoor surface temperature of the first floor is indicated by To ₁ and the underfloor temperature is indicated by To ₂ .

  In order to make it possible to diagnose the thermal insulation performance in a real property during occupancy, it is ideally necessary to evaluate (diagnose) the thermal insulation performance of the object 80 in a short time of 2 hours or less. In the case shown in FIG. 15, when the calculation of the heat transmissivity is attempted at the timing when the ideal measurement end time (indicated by a two-dot chain line) from the start of heating is reached, the front and back of the reference plate 21 at that time The temperatures Th and Ti are still rising and have not reached the respective stable temperatures TSh and TSi. Therefore, even if the front and back temperatures Th and Ti of the reference plate 21 obtained at that time are applied to the above calculation formula, the error between the estimated U value and the true value (Ut) is very large.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the back side temperature Th of the reference plate 21 is controlled to be constant, and the variable is only the surface side temperature Ti of the reference plate 21, so that the surface side temperature Ti can be reduced in a short time from the start of heating. The stable temperature was predicted. The constant temperature control of the heater 22 is performed by the heating control unit 37, and the surface side stable temperature of the reference plate 21 is predicted by the prediction processing unit 42.

  As shown in the graph of FIG. 5, the heating control unit 37 rapidly increases the temperature of the heater 22 immediately after the start of operation, and the back surface temperature Th of the reference plate 21 measured by the measurement processing unit 41 is set to the set temperature TSh. Control to be Such constant temperature control is realized by repeating ON / OFF of the heater 22, for example. The detection signal from the temperature sensor 24 may be input to the heating control unit 37 without going through the measurement processing unit 41.

  The prediction processing unit 42 calculates the stable temperature TSi on the surface side of the reference plate 21 based on the surface side temperature Ti of the reference plate 21 obtained in time series when the constant temperature control is performed by the heating control unit 37. Predict. Note that the stable temperature TSi can be predicted after the start of measurement after the time point when the back surface temperature Th of the reference plate 21 becomes substantially constant and the rising gradient of the surface side temperature Ti is stabilized (time ta in FIG. 5). is there. A method for predicting the stable temperature will be described with reference to the graph of FIG.

Time x ₃ shown in FIG. 6, it is assumed that the ideal measurement end time. In the stage of time x _3, surface temperature Ti is not stable and continue to rise. Normally, an increase in the surface side temperature Ti converges and doing long time has elapsed from the time x _3. Prediction processing unit 42, by deriving the convergence value b by performing function approximation from time x ₃ previous temperature change, predicting the steady-state temperature TSi.

In the present embodiment, a curve obtained by plotting measured values before time x ₃ along the time axis is approximated to a smooth curve by the approximate expression of Expression 5.

y = −Ca ^x + b (where 0 <a <1) Equation 5
Prediction processing unit 42, on the approximated curve obtained by the above approximate expression, predated data coordinate time _{x 3 (x 3, y 3} ), in the past from the time x ₃ by a predetermined time interval ([Delta] x) 2 The convergence value b is predicted with reference to the data of the coordinates (x ₂ , y ₂ ) and (x ₁ , y ₁ ). That is, the convergence value b is predicted by extracting _three surface side temperatures (y ₁ , y ₂ , y ₃ ) at regular time intervals from the approximate curve. Since “a ^x ” of the approximate expression is equal to “(y ₃ −y ₂ ) / (y ₂ −y ₁ )”, when this is set to “K”, the convergence value b is a prediction expression expressed by Expression 6. Can be calculated by

b = (y ₂ −Ky ₁ ) / (1−K) Equation 6
By using such a prediction formula, the convergence value b, that is, the stable temperature TSi can be predicted when the surface side temperature Ti is not stable. Therefore, the heat flow rate U ₀ of the object 80 can be accurately estimated in a short time. In addition, time interval (DELTA) x can be determined arbitrarily, for example, is predetermined between 3 minutes-10 minutes.

Referring to FIG. 3 again, the result processing unit 44 of the estimation device 13 performs a process of storing the estimation result by the estimation unit 43 (the heat transmissivity U _{0 of the} object 80) in the storage unit 32. At this time, it is desirable to associate the identification information for identifying the object 80 with the estimated data of the heat transmissibility and store it in the storage unit 32. In addition, the result processing unit 44 performs processing for displaying the estimation result on the display unit 34 in order to notify the user of the estimation result. The storage unit 32 includes a memory for storing the thermal transmittance U ₁ of the reference plate 21, and a memory for storing the estimated result, it may include separately.

  In the present embodiment, the functions of the measurement processing unit 41, the prediction processing unit 42, the estimation unit 43, and the result processing unit 44 described above are realized by the control unit 31 executing software. At least one of these may be realized by hardware.

(About operation)
Next, the operation of the heat transmissibility estimation system 1 will be described. Operation | movement of the said system 1 is implement | achieved when the control part 31 reads the program memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 32, and performs a heat transmissivity measurement process.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the heat transmissivity measurement process in the present embodiment. 7 is started when a measurement start instruction is input from the user via the operation unit 33 while the apparatus main body 11 is in contact with the indoor surface of the object 80.

  Referring to FIG. 7, first, measurement processing unit 41 starts the heating process of heater 22 via heating control unit 37 (step S <b> 2), and measures the temperature at each position described above in parallel with the heating process. Is started (step S4). That is, the measurement processing unit 41 is configured to detect the front and back temperatures (Th, Ti) of the reference plate 21 and the outdoor side temperature of the object 80 (Th, Ti) based on detection signals from the temperature sensors 24, 25, 12 during heating of the heater 22. To) is measured. The detection signal from each temperature sensor input to the estimation device 13 is converted into a digital signal and output to the control unit 31. Note that, as described above, the outdoor side temperature (To) of the object 80 can be regarded as constant regardless of the heating state of the object 80, and therefore the measurement timing of the temperature does not matter.

  The heating control unit 37 performs constant temperature control of the heater 22 so that the back surface temperature Th of the reference plate 21 becomes the set temperature. The set temperature may be stored in the storage unit 32 in advance.

  Subsequently, the prediction processing unit 42 executes a stable temperature prediction process (step S6). This process is started after the back surface temperature Th of the reference plate 21 is stabilized near the set temperature. The stable temperature prediction process will be described with reference to a subroutine in FIG.

  With reference to FIG. 8, the prediction process part 42 calculates the moving average of the measured value obtained in time series first (S22). The temperature detected by the temperature sensor may have an error of about ± 0.5 ° C. Therefore, it is desirable to suppress variation in measurement values by performing a moving average process of measurement values. At the start of the stable temperature prediction process, it is desirable to obtain a smooth curve by performing the moving average process continuously for a certain time (for example, about 5 minutes).

Next, the prediction processing unit 42 performs a convergence value calculation based on, for example, the current time (step S26). That is, an approximate curve is calculated according to the temperature change of the surface side temperature of the reference plate 21, and three temperatures on the approximate curve are extracted. Specifically, with reference to FIG. 6, the temperature of the current time _{(x 3)} and _{(y 3),} and the temperature of the constant from the current time period ([Delta] x) back time _{(x 2) (y 2)} , further that time the temperature of the _{(x 2)} from a fixed time ([Delta] x) back time _{(x 1) (y 2)} extracts the. Then, an arithmetic value (convergence candidate value) is obtained based on the prediction formula stored in advance and the extracted value.

  If the calculated value obtained in step S26 is not abnormal (NO in step S28), the calculated value is temporarily stored in the internal memory, and the process proceeds to step S30. On the other hand, if the calculated value is abnormal (YES in step S28), the process returns to step S22. For example, when the calculated value is equal to or higher than the set temperature of the heater 22, or when the calculated value mathematically indicates an abnormal value, such as “a” in the approximate expression (Formula 5) is greater than 1, The calculated value is determined to be abnormal.

  In step S30, it is determined whether convergence determination is possible. Specifically, when the convergence value prediction calculation is performed only once, it is determined that the convergence determination is not possible (NO in step S30), and the process returns to step S22. On the other hand, when the calculation results performed a plurality of times are substantially the same value, it is determined that the convergence determination is possible (YES in step S30). For example, when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the calculated values for a plurality of times is less than a predetermined value, these calculation results are regarded as substantially the same value.

  When it is determined that the convergence determination is possible, the prediction processing unit 42 determines the convergence value of the surface side temperature Ti, that is, the predicted value of the stable temperature (step S32). The predicted value may be derived as the most recent calculated value, or may be derived as a statistical value (for example, an average value) of the most recent calculated values. When the predicted value is determined, the process returns to the main routine.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the calculation of the convergence candidate value is repeatedly performed, but the difference in the reference time (x ₃ ) in the previous and subsequent calculations is sufficiently larger than the time interval Δx for extracting the temperature change. It is a short time, for example, less than 10 seconds. Thereby, a predicted value can be determined at an early stage.

Referring to FIG. 7 again, when the stable temperature prediction process is completed, the estimation unit 43 reads out numerical data indicating the thermal conductivity U ₁ of the reference plate 21 from the storage unit 32 (Step S8), and The heat transmissibility U ₀ is estimated (step S10). Specifically, the calculation formula shown by the above mathematical formula 4 is also read from the storage unit 32, and the set temperature (Th) of the heater 22 and the convergence predicted value (Ti) obtained by the prediction processing are added to the read calculation formula. By substituting the outdoor temperature (To) of the object 80 and the numerical value (U ₁ ) read in step S8, the estimated value (U ₀ ) of the heat transmissibility of the object 80 is calculated. Note that a calculation formula in which the thermal conductivity of the reference plate 21 is substituted in advance for the character U ₁ in Formula 4 may be stored in the storage unit 32 in advance. The processing of step S8 (U ₁ value read) may be performed at the beginning of the measurement process.

When the thermal conductivity (U ₀ ) of the object 80 is estimated, the result processing unit 44 displays the estimation result (U ₀ ) on the display unit 34 and records it in the storage unit 32 (step S12). Thus, by recording the heat transmissibility of the object 80, the amount of heat escaping from the object 80 can be obtained by inputting the area of the object 80. Moreover, in a building, about all the surface members used as the evaluation object of heat insulation performance, when the heat transmissivity estimation process is finished, based on the heat transmissivity for each surface member stored in the storage unit 32 and the area thereof. The heat loss coefficient of the entire building can also be estimated.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the test apparatus 10 forcibly applies heat to the object 80 from the indoor space side, even when the actual temperature difference between the inside and outside of the object 80 is small, It is possible to estimate the heat transmissibility. Moreover, since the area of the reference plate 21 of the test apparatus 10 is sufficiently smaller than the area of the object 80 and only a part of the object 80 needs to be heated, the heat insulation performance should be evaluated in a shorter time than before. Can do.

  Moreover, as equipment used for estimating the heat transmissibility, it is only necessary to install the test apparatus 10 on the object 80, so that the system configuration can be simplified.

  Further, when measuring the heat flow with a heat flow meter, an error from the true value is likely to occur, but in the present embodiment, it is only necessary to measure the temperature at each position in a state where heat is transmitted to the object 80. Errors can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the stable temperature (convergence value) on the surface side of the reference plate 21 can be predicted at an early stage after the heating of the heater 22 is started. Therefore, even when the object 80 having a large heat capacity is set as an evaluation target, the measurement time can be suppressed to a short time (ideally, one hour or less). Therefore, the system 1 of this Embodiment can be applied also to the real property in which it moves.

In the present embodiment, in step S30 in FIG. 8, it is determined that convergence determination is possible when substantially the same calculation value is obtained a plurality of times. However, the time interval Δx can be increased (for example, 30 minutes or longer). In this case, even if the temperatures (y ₁ , y ₂ , y ₃ ) at times x ₁ , x ₂ , x ₃ substantially match the previously calculated approximate curve, even if it is determined that the convergence determination is possible Good.

  In the present embodiment, a predicted value is obtained only after it is determined that convergence is possible. However, in this case, it may not be determined that convergence is possible by the ideal measurement end time. Therefore, when the ideal measurement end time is exceeded, the predicted value may be determined even if the convergence is impossible. In this case, the prediction processing unit 42 may use an average value of the latest plurality of calculated values as the predicted value. Or you may obtain the predicted value with a width | variety from the maximum value and minimum value of the calculation value for the latest several times. In this case, the estimation unit 43 may calculate the maximum value and the minimum value of the estimated U value of the object 80 based on the maximum prediction value and the minimum prediction value obtained from the prediction processing unit 42. That is, the result processing unit 44 may output an estimated range of the heat transmissibility.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the heater 80 is controlled at a constant temperature to heat the object 80, and the prediction process is performed on the surface side temperature in the rising process. However, it is also possible to raise the surface side temperature once and perform prediction processing on the surface side temperature in the subsequent lowering process. In that case, instead of the approximate expression shown by the above-described Expression 5, an approximate expression expressed by the following Expression 7 may be used.

y = Ca ^x + b (where 0 <a <1) Equation 7
Alternatively, when the surface-side stable temperature is predicted in the descending process, the range of “a” in the approximate expression of Expression 5 may be “−1 <a <0”.

  The system configuration for rapidly increasing the surface side temperature of the reference plate 21 may be a configuration as shown in the following modification.

(Modification)
With reference to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the thermal transmissivity estimation system 1 in the modification of the present embodiment includes an apparatus main body 11 </ b> A instead of the apparatus main body 11 shown in the above embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the apparatus main body 11 </ b> A is provided on the surface 21 a of the reference plate 21 in addition to the reference plate 21, the heater (hereinafter referred to as “main heater”) 22, the heat insulating member 23, and the temperature sensors 24 and 25. The sub heater 26 is overlapped. That is, in this modification, in addition to the main heater 22, the sub heater 26 is further provided as a heat generating member that transfers heat to the object 80.

  Similar to the main heater 22, the sub-heater 26 is configured by a planar heating element. In this case, the temperature sensor 25 that detects the surface side temperature of the reference plate 21, that is, the indoor surface temperature of the object 80, is provided on the surface of the sub-heater 26. The area of the sub heater 26 may be smaller than the area of the main heater 22.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the sub-heater 26 is controlled by the heating control unit 37 </ b> A of the estimation device 13. The heating control unit 37A operates the sub heater 26 only for a specific period from the start of heating. That is, both the main heater 22 and the sub heater 26 are operated during the specific period, and only the main heater 22 is operated after the specific period. Thereby, the output of the heat generating member is controlled so that the heating intensity of the object 80 in the specific period at the beginning of heating becomes larger than the heating intensity of the object 80 thereafter.

  The “specific period” represents a period from the start of operation of the heat generating member (heating start) to the specific time. The “specific time” is, for example, a set time set before the start of measurement, and is typically a time (predetermined time) stored in advance in the storage unit 32. The set time is, for example, 30 minutes or less. Note that the set time may not be the time stored in the storage unit 32 in advance, and may be, for example, the time input by the user at the start of measurement. Alternatively, the “specific time” may be a time when the surface side temperature Ti of the reference plate 21 reaches a threshold value.

  The operation of the heating control unit 37A is controlled by the measurement processing unit 41A. Note that the heating control unit 37 </ b> A may include a main heating control unit that controls ON / OFF of the main heater 22 and a sub-heating control unit that controls ON / OFF of the sub-heater 26.

  As shown in FIG. 11, since the sub-heater 26 is arranged on the surface of the apparatus main body 11 </ b> A, the surface 21 a of the reference plate 21 is arranged in close proximity without contacting the indoor surface of the object 80. In this case, since the object 80 can be directly heated by the sub-heater 26, the surface temperature of the reference plate 21 can be rapidly increased even when the main heater 22 is controlled at a constant temperature. The output of the sub heater 26 may be a constant output.

  As shown in FIG. 12, it is desirable to fix the soaking plate 70 also on the surface of the sub-heater 26. Since the soaking plate 70 is a hard material, the temperature sensor 25 may be provided on the back side of the sub-heater 26 in order to bring the entire surface of the soaking plate 70 into close contact with the indoor surface of the object 80. In that case, a soaking plate 70 may be further provided between the surface of the reference plate 21 and the sub heater 26, and the temperature sensor 25 may be disposed between the surface of the reference plate 21 and the soaking plate 70. The temperature sensor 25 is embedded in the surface of the reference plate 21 made of a soft material. Similarly, when the temperature sensor 24 on the main heater 22 side is disposed between the back surface of the reference plate 21 and the soaking plate 70, the temperature sensor 24 is embedded in the back surface of the reference plate 21.

  In the present modification, the prediction processing unit 42A calculates an approximate curve according to the temperature change of the surface side temperature Ti of the reference plate 21 and predicts a stable temperature after the specific period has elapsed.

  FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a stable temperature prediction process in the present modification. In addition, about the process similar to the stable temperature prediction process shown in FIG. 8, the same step number as the step number of FIG. 8 is attached | subjected. Therefore, only the processing different from the above embodiment will be described here.

  In this modification, after performing the moving average calculation (step S22), the temperature change is calculated (step S24), and it is determined whether or not the temperature is increasing (step S25). When it is determined that it is rising (YES in step S25), convergence value calculation A is performed (step S26A). On the other hand, when it is determined that the vehicle is descending (YES in step S25), a convergence value calculation B is performed (step S26B).

  In the convergence value calculation A, the basic equation of the approximate curve is expressed by Equation 5, and in the convergence value calculation B, the basic equation of the approximate curve is expressed by Equation 7. In both the ascending process and the descending process, the convergence candidate value is obtained using the prediction formula shown in Formula 6.

  After the convergence candidate value is obtained, the same processing as in the above embodiment (steps S28, S30, S32) is performed.

  In the present embodiment and its modification, the heating control unit 37 (37A) performs the constant temperature control of the main heater 22, but the output of the main heater 22 may be a constant output. Even if such heating control is performed, when the back surface temperature Th of the reference plate 21 is stabilized earlier than the front surface temperature Ti of the reference plate 21, it is determined that the back surface temperature Th is stable. At this stage, a stable value of the surface side temperature Ti can be predicted. Therefore, the measurement time can be shortened rather than waiting for both temperatures to stabilize. As described above, the front surface side stable temperature TSi can be predicted regardless of the heating control method of the heat generating member as long as the back surface side temperature Th is stable.

  As described above, according to the embodiment and the modification of the present invention, it is possible to accurately estimate the heat flow rate of the object 80 in a short time. Therefore, since the heat insulation performance of the entire existing building can be easily evaluated, the remodeling business can be activated by using the present system 1.

  In addition, the said heat transmissibility estimation method can also be provided as a program. Such a program can be recorded and provided on an optical medium such as a CD-ROM or a computer-readable non-transitory recording medium such as a memory card. In this case, it is assumed that the estimation device 13 further includes a drive device (not shown) capable of reading / writing programs and data from a recording medium (not shown). The program can also be provided by downloading via the network by the communication unit 35.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment and its modification, estimation of the heat transmissivity of the target object 80 was performed in the estimation apparatus 13 electrically connected to the apparatus main body 11 (11A) of the test apparatus 10. That is, the estimation device 13 includes the functions of the estimation unit 43 and the result processing unit 44 illustrated in FIG. However, the functions of the estimation unit 43 and the result processing unit 44 may be included in another computer (hereinafter referred to as “evaluation apparatus”) that is not connected to the test apparatus 10. The evaluation device may be a general personal computer or a portable terminal, for example.

  In this case, a device that is electrically connected to the apparatus main body 11 of the test apparatus 10 and is used for on-site testing (hereinafter referred to as “control device”) includes a heating control unit 37 (37A) and a heating control unit 37. The functions of the measurement processing unit 41 (41A) that performs control and temperature measurement at each position and the prediction processing unit 42 (42A) may be included. Moreover, the control apparatus should just contain the memory | storage part for memorize | storing the temperature data required for estimation of a heat transmissivity. The temperature data necessary for estimating the heat transmissibility includes at least the predicted surface-side stable temperature TSi, the back-side stable temperature TSh (set temperature of constant control) of the reference plate 21, and the outdoor-side temperature To of the object 80. May further be included.

This storage unit may be a recording medium that is detachable from the control device. In this case, the temperature data recorded on the recording medium is read by the evaluation device, and the thermal conductivity U ₀ of the object 80 is estimated by the evaluation device. Note that the temperature data recorded on the recording medium may include not only the stable temperature used for estimating the heat transmissibility but also the time series temperature until the stable temperature is reached.

  In the case of such a configuration, a unit including the apparatus main body 11 and the control apparatus other than the evaluation apparatus can be provided as a thermal conductivity test apparatus. The thermal conductivity test apparatus may include a temperature sensor 12 that detects the outdoor side temperature of the object 80.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Thermal conductivity estimation system, 10 Test apparatus, 11, 11A apparatus main body, 12, 24, 25 Temperature sensor, 13 Estimation apparatus, 21 Reference plate, 22 Heater (main heater), 23 Heat insulation member, 26 Sub heater, 31 Control part 32 storage unit 33 operation unit 34 display unit 35 communication unit 36 power source unit 37 37A heating control unit 41 41A measurement processing unit 42 42A prediction processing unit 43 estimation unit 44 result processing unit , 70 soaking plate, 80 object (surface member), 100 housing, 101 partition plate.

Claims (9)

As an index representing the heat insulation performance of a surface member located between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, a system for estimating the heat transmissivity of the surface member,
A plate-like member having a surface in contact with or close to the indoor surface of the surface member and a back surface located on the opposite side;
Including a heater provided on the back side of the plate-like member, and a heating member for transferring heat to the surface member;
A first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor provided on the front side and the back side of the plate member, respectively, for detecting the front side temperature and the back side temperature of the plate member;
Prediction processing for predicting the stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member based on the detection signal from the first temperature sensor in a state where the back surface side temperature of the plate-like member is stable after the heating member is heated. Means,
The stable temperature on the front side of the plate-like member predicted by the prediction processing means, the stable temperature on the back side of the plate-like member, the outdoor-side temperature of the face member, and the plate-like member stored in advance. A heat transmissivity estimation system comprising: estimation means for estimating the heat transmissivity of the surface member based on the heat transmissibility. A heating control means for performing a constant temperature control of the heater so that the back surface side temperature of the plate-shaped member becomes a set temperature;
The thermal conductivity estimation system according to claim 1, wherein the set temperature corresponds to a stable temperature on a back surface side of the plate-like member.   The heat transmissivity estimation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the prediction processing means predicts a stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member using a predetermined prediction formula. In the prediction formula, y ₁ , y ₂ , y ₃ are the surface temperatures at three points at regular time intervals, b is the stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member, and “(y ₃ −y ₂ ) / ( y ₂ −y ₁ ) ”as“ K ”,
b = (y ₂ -Ky ₁ ) / (1-K)
The thermal conductivity estimation system according to claim 3, wherein   The prediction processing means calculates an approximate curve according to a temperature change of the surface side temperature, and predicts a stable temperature on the surface side by extracting three temperatures on the approximate curve. 4. The heat transmissivity estimation system according to 4. The heat generating member further includes a sub-heater provided on the surface side of the plate-like member in order to transmit heat directly to the surface member,
The heat transfer rate estimation system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the heating control means operates the sub-heater only for a specific period from the start of heating so that the surface-side temperature of the plate-like member increases rapidly. As an index representing the heat insulation performance of a surface member located between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, a test apparatus used for estimating the heat permeability of the surface member,
A plate-like member having a surface that is in contact with or close to the indoor surface of the surface member, and a back surface located on the opposite side, and whose thermal conductivity is known;
Including a heater provided on the back side of the plate-like member, and a heating member for transferring heat to the surface member;
A first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor provided on the front side and the back side of the plate member, respectively, for detecting the front side temperature and the back side temperature of the plate member;
Prediction processing for predicting the stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member based on the detection signal from the second temperature sensor in a state where the temperature on the back side of the plate-like member is stable after the heating member is heated. Means,
A heat transmissivity test apparatus comprising at least storage means for storing a stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-like member predicted by the prediction processing means. As an index representing the heat insulation performance of a surface member located between an indoor space and an outdoor space of a building, a method for estimating the heat transmissivity of the surface member,
A plate-shaped member, a heat generating member including a heater provided on the back surface side of the plate-shaped member, and first and second temperature sensors respectively provided on the front surface side and the back surface side of the plate-shaped member. In a state where the test device is brought into contact with the indoor surface of the surface member and the surface member is heated by the heat generating member, the plate-like shape is based on detection signals from the first and second temperature sensors. Measuring the surface side temperature and the back side temperature of the member;
Predicting the stable temperature on the surface side of the plate-shaped member from the surface-side temperature measured in a state where the back surface temperature of the plate-shaped member is stable;
The predicted stable temperature on the front surface side of the plate-shaped member, stable temperature on the back surface side of the plate-shaped member, outdoor temperature of the surface member, and the thermal conductivity of the plate-shaped member stored in advance. And a step of estimating a heat transmissivity of the surface member based on the method.   A heat transmissivity estimation program for causing a computer to execute each step included in the heat transmissivity estimation method according to claim 8.

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