JP2016161143A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Incinerator Download PDF

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JP2016161143A
JP2016161143A JP2015037099A JP2015037099A JP2016161143A JP 2016161143 A JP2016161143 A JP 2016161143A JP 2015037099 A JP2015037099 A JP 2015037099A JP 2015037099 A JP2015037099 A JP 2015037099A JP 2016161143 A JP2016161143 A JP 2016161143A
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combustion chamber
primary combustion
water
incinerator
refractory
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隆久 小澤
Takahisa Ozawa
隆久 小澤
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Sankyo Incinerator (thailand) Co Ltd
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Sankyo Incinerator (thailand) Co Ltd
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an incinerator having a primary combustion chamber, which can prevent the primary combustion chamber from being in an explosive combustion state, and reduce fuel required in the primary combustion chamber.SOLUTION: In an incinerator having a primary combustion chamber 2, a lower part of a peripheral surface 2a and a lower wall 2c constituting the primary combustion chamber 2 comprise a refractory 7 to form a combustion zone, and an upper part of the peripheral wall 2a and an upper wall 2b constituting the primary combustion chamber 2 comprise a water jacket 8 housing water thereinside. By utilizing heat stored in the refractory constituting the combustion zone, and absorbing part of combustion heat in the primary combustion chamber, an excellent combustion state can be kept.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、焼却炉に関する。   The present invention relates to an incinerator.

従来、図4に示すように、焼却炉101の一次燃焼室102の全面を耐火煉瓦103により構成したものが知られているが、この構成によると、一次燃焼室102内で被焼却物を焼却すると、その燃焼熱により耐火煉瓦103が加熱される。   Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 4, it is known that the entire primary combustion chamber 102 of the incinerator 101 is configured by the refractory brick 103. According to this configuration, the incinerated material is incinerated in the primary combustion chamber 102. Then, the refractory brick 103 is heated by the combustion heat.

また、燃焼により燃焼熱が生じるとともに、熱せられた耐火煉瓦103から輻射熱、対流熱、伝導熱が生じるために、被焼却物は急激に加熱、熱分解され、爆発的な燃焼状態に陥り、一次燃焼室102の処理能力を超えた燃焼状態で不完全燃焼となり、黒煙、臭気発生の原因となっている。また、処理時間が長くなるほど、耐火煉瓦103の温度が上昇し、燃焼状態が悪くなるという問題点もある。   In addition, combustion heat is generated by combustion, and radiant heat, convection heat, and conduction heat are generated from the heated refractory brick 103. Therefore, the incinerated material is rapidly heated and pyrolyzed and falls into an explosive combustion state. Incomplete combustion occurs in a combustion state exceeding the processing capacity of the combustion chamber 102, causing black smoke and odor generation. In addition, the longer the treatment time, the higher the temperature of the refractory brick 103, and there is a problem that the combustion state becomes worse.

そこで、図5に示すように、一次燃焼室111の全面の内部を、水を有する水冷式のジャケット112で構成し、一次燃焼室111内の燃焼熱を吸収して、一次燃焼室111内の燃焼速度を抑えることにより、一次燃焼室111内の燃焼状態を安定化した焼却炉110が知られている。   Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the entire interior of the primary combustion chamber 111 is constituted by a water-cooled jacket 112 having water, and the combustion heat in the primary combustion chamber 111 is absorbed, An incinerator 110 in which the combustion state in the primary combustion chamber 111 is stabilized by suppressing the combustion speed is known.

しかし、前記図5に示す焼却炉110では、全面を水冷式のジャケット112で構成しているため、一次燃焼室111内の炉内温度が上昇せず、被焼却物の加熱、熱分解も遅くなってしまう。そのため、バーナー等の一次燃焼手段による焼却が必要となり、その燃料代が嵩むという問題がある。   However, since the incinerator 110 shown in FIG. 5 is entirely composed of a water-cooled jacket 112, the temperature in the furnace in the primary combustion chamber 111 does not rise, and heating and pyrolysis of the incinerated material are slow. turn into. Therefore, incineration by a primary combustion means such as a burner is required, and there is a problem that the fuel cost increases.

また、燃焼温度が低いために、焼却灰中にも大量の炭素等が存存し、焼却灰の量が増えてしまうという問題もある。   In addition, since the combustion temperature is low, there is a problem that a large amount of carbon or the like exists in the incineration ash and the amount of the incineration ash increases.

そこで、本発明は、これらの問題点を解決した焼却炉を提供することを目的とするものである。   Then, this invention aims at providing the incinerator which solved these problems.

前記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、一次燃焼室を有する焼却炉において、
前記一次燃焼室を構成する周壁の下部と下壁を耐火物で構成して燃焼帯を形成し、
前記一次燃焼室を構成する周壁の上部の少なくとも一部と上壁は、その内部に水を収納するウォータージャケットで構成したことを特徴とするものである。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an incinerator having a primary combustion chamber,
Composing a lower zone and a lower wall of the peripheral wall constituting the primary combustion chamber with a refractory to form a combustion zone,
At least a part of the upper part of the peripheral wall constituting the primary combustion chamber and the upper wall are constituted by a water jacket for containing water therein.

本発明は、一次燃焼室を構成する周壁の下部と下壁を耐火物で構成して燃焼帯を形成したことにより、耐火物に蓄熱された熱によっても、被燃焼物を加熱、熱分解することができ、上記従来技術の焼却炉110よりも少ない燃料で良好な燃焼状態を維持できる。   In the present invention, the lower and lower walls of the peripheral wall constituting the primary combustion chamber are made of refractory material to form a combustion zone, so that the combusted material is also heated and pyrolyzed by the heat stored in the refractory material. Therefore, it is possible to maintain a good combustion state with less fuel than the incinerator 110 of the prior art.

更に、一次燃焼室を構成する周壁の上部と上壁は、その内部に水を収納するウォータージャケットで構成したことにより、ウォータージャケット内の水により、一次燃焼室内の上部の燃焼熱を吸収することで、一次燃焼室内の爆発的な燃焼状態に陥ることを防ぎ、適切な燃焼状態を維持することができる。   Further, the upper and upper walls of the peripheral wall constituting the primary combustion chamber are constituted by a water jacket that contains water therein, so that the heat in the upper portion of the primary combustion chamber is absorbed by the water in the water jacket. Thus, it is possible to prevent an explosive combustion state in the primary combustion chamber and maintain an appropriate combustion state.

これにより、一次燃焼室における燃焼に必要な燃料を低減できる。   Thereby, the fuel required for combustion in the primary combustion chamber can be reduced.

本発明の実施例1に係る焼却炉の縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the incinerator which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. 図1のA−A線断面図。AA sectional view taken on the line AA of FIG. 図2のB−B線断面図。BB sectional drawing of FIG. 従来技術において一次燃焼室を耐火物で構成したものの縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view of what comprised the primary combustion chamber with the refractory material in the prior art. 従来技術において一次燃焼室を水冷式のジャケットで構成したものの縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view of what comprised the primary combustion chamber with the water-cooled-type jacket in the prior art.

本発明を実施するための形態を図1〜図3に基づいて説明する。   The form for implementing this invention is demonstrated based on FIGS. 1-3.

図1は、本実施例1の焼却炉の縦断面図で、図2は図1のA−A線断面図、図3は図2のB−B線断面図である。   1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the incinerator of the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.

焼却炉1は、図1〜図3に示すように、4方の側壁からなる周壁2aと上壁2bと下壁2cとで箱状に形成された一次燃焼室2を有する。この一次燃焼室2の前方上部には、図2に示すように、可燃物等の被焼却物を投入するための投入口3が形成され、一次燃焼室2の前方下部には焼却灰等を排出するための灰取出口4が上下に2カ所形成されている。投入口3と灰取出口4には、夫々蓋5,6が開閉可能に設けられている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the incinerator 1 has a primary combustion chamber 2 formed in a box shape with a peripheral wall 2 a composed of four side walls, an upper wall 2 b and a lower wall 2 c. As shown in FIG. 2, an inlet 3 for introducing an incinerator such as a combustible material is formed in the upper front part of the primary combustion chamber 2, and incineration ash or the like is provided in the lower front part of the primary combustion chamber 2. Two ash removal outlets 4 for discharging are formed at the top and bottom. Lids 5 and 6 are respectively provided at the inlet 3 and the ash removal outlet 4 so as to be openable and closable.

4方の側壁からなる周壁2aの上下方向の中央部から下方の部分と下壁2cは、図1〜図3に示すように、耐火煉瓦や耐火キャスタブル等の耐火物7で構成して燃焼帯を形成し、周壁2aにおける耐火物7で構成された壁より上部の少なくとも一部と上壁2bは、水冷式のウォータージャケット8で構成されている。ウォータージャケット8は、鋼板等により形成され、その内部には水を収納する収納空間8aが形成されている。本実施例においては、周壁2aにおける左右の側壁における耐火物で構成された部分よりも上部をウォータージャケット8で構成し、周壁2aにおける前壁と後壁全体は、耐火物7で構成した。   As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the lower wall 2c and the lower wall 2c of the peripheral wall 2a composed of four side walls are composed of a refractory material 7 such as refractory bricks and refractory castables. And at least a part of the peripheral wall 2a above the wall made of the refractory 7 and the upper wall 2b are made of a water-cooled water jacket 8. The water jacket 8 is formed of a steel plate or the like, and a storage space 8a for storing water is formed therein. In the present embodiment, the upper part of the peripheral wall 2a is formed of the water jacket 8 than the part formed of the refractory on the left and right side walls, and the entire front wall and rear wall of the peripheral wall 2a are formed of the refractory 7.

周壁2aにおける耐火物7で構成された壁は、一次燃焼室2内に被焼却物を投入した際に、被焼却物の周囲を覆うことができる高さ、すなわち、燃焼帯部分を覆うことができる高さに設定することが好ましい。本実施例では周壁2aの上下方向の下方約50%を耐火物7で形成し、その他の約50%をウォータージャケット8で構成した。ウォータージャケット8の上部には気抜き穴9が形成されている。   The wall composed of the refractory 7 in the peripheral wall 2a can cover the height of the incineration object when the incineration object is put into the primary combustion chamber 2, that is, the combustion zone portion. It is preferable to set the height as high as possible. In this embodiment, about 50% of the lower part of the peripheral wall 2a in the vertical direction is formed of the refractory 7 and the other about 50% is formed of the water jacket 8. A vent hole 9 is formed in the upper portion of the water jacket 8.

一次燃焼室2の外部には貯水タンク10が設けられ、貯水タンク10内には水道管11より水が供給され、図示しないレベルセンサ等により、水道管11に設けた図示しないバルブを開閉し、所定量の水が貯水されるようになっている。   A water storage tank 10 is provided outside the primary combustion chamber 2, water is supplied into the water storage tank 10 from a water pipe 11, and a valve (not shown) provided in the water pipe 11 is opened and closed by a level sensor (not shown), A predetermined amount of water is stored.

貯水タンク10の下部と収納空間8aの下部とは第1配管12で連通し、貯水タンク10の上部と収納空間8aの上部とは第2配管13とで連通し、第1配管12にはポンプ14が設けられている。ポンプ14により、貯水タンク10内の水を、第1配管12を通じて収納空間8aの下部からその内部に供給するとともに、収納空間8aの上部から内部の水を、第2配管13を通じて貯水タンク10内に戻し、貯水タンク10内の水は、空冷により冷却されるようになっている。このように、ウォータージャケット8内の水を下から上へと循環することができるようになっている。   The lower part of the water storage tank 10 communicates with the lower part of the storage space 8a through a first pipe 12, the upper part of the water storage tank 10 communicates with the upper part of the storage space 8a through a second pipe 13, and a pump is connected to the first pipe 12. 14 is provided. The pump 14 supplies the water in the water storage tank 10 from the lower part of the storage space 8 a to the inside through the first pipe 12, and the water in the water storage tank 10 through the second pipe 13 from the upper part of the storage space 8 a. The water in the water storage tank 10 is cooled by air cooling. In this way, the water in the water jacket 8 can be circulated from the bottom to the top.

一次燃焼室2内にはロストル17が設けられ、その下部に灰溜り部18が設けられている。また、一次燃焼室2部には図示しないガスバーナー等の一次燃焼手段と、送風機等の空気供給手段が設けられている。   A rooster 17 is provided in the primary combustion chamber 2, and an ash reservoir 18 is provided in the lower part thereof. The primary combustion chamber 2 is provided with primary combustion means such as a gas burner (not shown) and air supply means such as a blower.

一次燃焼手段は、図示しない制御装置により制御され、この一次燃焼手段を、一次燃焼室2内での燃焼開始の着火時に使用するとともに、焼却の終了に近い時などに一次燃焼室内の被焼却物の量が少量となり、一次燃焼室2内での燃焼ガスの発生量が低下し
、一次燃焼室2内の炉内温度が低下した際に使用することで、一次燃焼室2内の燃焼状態を良好に保ちながら焼却を行い、焼却を終了させることができる。
The primary combustion means is controlled by a control device (not shown). The primary combustion means is used at the start of combustion in the primary combustion chamber 2 and is incinerated in the primary combustion chamber when it is close to the end of incineration. Is used when the amount of combustion gas in the primary combustion chamber 2 decreases, the temperature in the furnace in the primary combustion chamber 2 decreases, and the combustion state in the primary combustion chamber 2 is reduced. Incineration can be completed while maintaining good conditions.

空気供給手段は、図示しない制御装置により制御されて、この空気供給手段により、一次燃焼室2内の燃焼に必要な空気が、一次燃焼室2の燃焼帯にバランス良く供給されるようになっている。   The air supply means is controlled by a control device (not shown) so that air necessary for combustion in the primary combustion chamber 2 is supplied to the combustion zone of the primary combustion chamber 2 in a well-balanced manner. Yes.

一次燃焼室2の背部の周壁2aの上部左側には、図1,図2に示すように、開口部20が形成され、この開口部20は二次燃焼室21に連通している。二次燃焼室21は、図2、3に示すように、開口部20から流入した燃焼ガスが、上方から下方に流通するように形成されている。二次燃焼室21には、図示しないバーナー等の二次燃焼手段が設けられ、図示しない送風機等の空気供給手段により二次燃焼室21内に所定量の空気を供給することができるようになっている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an opening 20 is formed on the upper left side of the peripheral wall 2 a at the back of the primary combustion chamber 2, and this opening 20 communicates with the secondary combustion chamber 21. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the secondary combustion chamber 21 is formed so that the combustion gas flowing in from the opening 20 flows downward from above. The secondary combustion chamber 21 is provided with a secondary combustion means such as a burner (not shown) so that a predetermined amount of air can be supplied into the secondary combustion chamber 21 by an air supply means such as a blower (not shown). ing.

二次燃焼室21は、図2,3に示すように、左右方向の仕切壁21aの下部に形成した開口部23で第3燃焼室24と連通している。第3燃焼室24は、図3に示すように、開口部23から流入した燃焼ガスが、下方から上方に流通するように形成され、第3燃焼室24の上方に形成した煙突25より外部へと排出されるようになっている。   As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the secondary combustion chamber 21 communicates with the third combustion chamber 24 through an opening 23 formed in the lower portion of the partition wall 21 a in the left-right direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the third combustion chamber 24 is formed so that the combustion gas flowing in from the opening 23 circulates from below to above, and to the outside from the chimney 25 formed above the third combustion chamber 24. It is supposed to be discharged.

上記のように、一次燃焼室2における周壁2aの上下方向の中央部から下方と下壁2cを耐火物7で構成して燃焼帯を形成したことにより、一次燃焼室2内で被焼却物の燃焼中に、被焼却物を投入するために、投入口3を開けても耐火物7からの輻射熱等により一次燃焼室2内の炉内温度が著しく低下することを防止し、一次燃焼手段により再度、再燃焼させる必要がなく、燃料コストを低減することができる。   As described above, the lower and lower walls 2c of the primary combustion chamber 2 from the center in the vertical direction of the peripheral wall 2a are formed of the refractory 7 to form a combustion zone. During the combustion, the furnace temperature in the primary combustion chamber 2 is prevented from significantly lowering due to radiant heat from the refractory 7 or the like even when the inlet 3 is opened in order to throw in the incinerator, and the primary combustion means There is no need to re-burn again, and the fuel cost can be reduced.

更に、周壁2aにおける耐火物7で構成された部分より上部と上壁2bを、水冷式のウォータージャケット8で構成し、内部の水を循環するようにしたことにより、収納空間8a内の水と水蒸気により、ウォータージャケット8内の温度を100℃前後に維持することができる。これにより、ウォータージャケット8内の水で、一次燃焼室内の上部の燃焼熱を吸収して、燃焼熱を適度に低下させ、図4に示す従来技術の焼却炉101で生じる爆発的な燃焼状態に陥ることを防ぐことができる。   Further, the upper portion 2b and the upper wall 2b of the peripheral wall 2a formed of the refractory 7 are formed of a water-cooled water jacket 8 so that the water in the storage space 8a is circulated. The temperature in the water jacket 8 can be maintained at around 100 ° C. by the water vapor. As a result, the water in the water jacket 8 absorbs the combustion heat in the upper part of the primary combustion chamber to moderately reduce the combustion heat, resulting in an explosive combustion state generated in the incinerator 101 of the prior art shown in FIG. You can prevent falling.

これにより、一次燃焼室2内の燃焼状態を、良好な状態に保つことができるとともに、一次燃焼手段の使用を少なく抑えることができ、一次燃焼に必要な燃料を削減することができる。また、一次燃焼室2内の燃焼状態を良好に維持することにより、二次燃焼室21に流入する燃焼ガスを、二次燃焼手段により燃焼する際に必要な燃料も低減することができる。   Thereby, while being able to keep the combustion state in the primary combustion chamber 2 in a favorable state, use of a primary combustion means can be restrained little and the fuel required for primary combustion can be reduced. Further, by maintaining the combustion state in the primary combustion chamber 2 well, the fuel required when the combustion gas flowing into the secondary combustion chamber 21 is burned by the secondary combustion means can be reduced.

なお、一次燃焼室2における周壁2aの中央部から下方の部分と下壁2cを耐火物7で構成し、周壁2aにおける耐火物7で構成した部分より上部と上壁2bをウォータージャケット8で構成した構造であれば、一次燃焼室2の形状や構造は図示したもの以外にも任意に形成することができる。また、本発明の一次燃焼室2の構造は、図示した焼却炉1以外にも、任意の焼却炉に適用することができる。   In addition, the lower part and the lower wall 2c from the center part of the surrounding wall 2a in the primary combustion chamber 2 are comprised with the refractory 7, and the upper part and the upper wall 2b are comprised with the water jacket 8 from the part comprised with the refractory 7 in the surrounding wall 2a. If it is the structure which was made, the shape and structure of the primary combustion chamber 2 can be arbitrarily formed in addition to what was illustrated. Moreover, the structure of the primary combustion chamber 2 of this invention can be applied to arbitrary incinerators other than the incinerator 1 shown in figure.

1 焼却炉
2 一次燃焼室
2a 周壁
2b 上壁
2c 下壁
7 耐火物
8 ウォータージャケット
1 incinerator 2 primary combustion chamber 2a peripheral wall 2b upper wall 2c lower wall 7 refractory 8 water jacket

Claims (1)

一次燃焼室を有する焼却炉において、
前記一次燃焼室を構成する周壁の下部と下壁を耐火物で構成して燃焼帯を形成し、
前記一次燃焼室を構成する周壁の上部の少なくとも一部と上壁は、その内部に水を収納するウォータージャケットで構成したことを特徴とする焼却炉。
In an incinerator with a primary combustion chamber,
Composing a lower zone and a lower wall of the peripheral wall constituting the primary combustion chamber with a refractory to form a combustion zone,
An incinerator characterized in that at least a part of the upper part of the peripheral wall constituting the primary combustion chamber and the upper wall are constituted by a water jacket for containing water therein.
JP2015037099A 2015-02-26 2015-02-26 Incinerator Pending JP2016161143A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101831927B1 (en) * 2016-09-07 2018-02-26 (주) 동진이엔시 High efficiency and environment-friendly incinerator structure

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO1983000373A1 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-03 Karl Sigurd Herman Hultgren An arrangement in combustion chambers for burning solid fuel
JPS6222908A (en) * 1985-07-22 1987-01-31 Fuji Valve Kk Method for disposing refuse
JPH0593510A (en) * 1991-10-01 1993-04-16 Tamio Kondo Incinerator
JPH085045A (en) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-12 Takahashi Kikan:Kk Vertical cylinder upper flame type incinerator
JPH10176811A (en) * 1996-12-15 1998-06-30 Nitsushiyoo Kiko:Kk Particle bed type incinerator and incinerating method for the same
JP2015025642A (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-05 株式会社御池鐵工所 Heat exchanger integrated combustion furnace

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983000373A1 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-03 Karl Sigurd Herman Hultgren An arrangement in combustion chambers for burning solid fuel
JPS6222908A (en) * 1985-07-22 1987-01-31 Fuji Valve Kk Method for disposing refuse
JPH0593510A (en) * 1991-10-01 1993-04-16 Tamio Kondo Incinerator
JPH085045A (en) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-12 Takahashi Kikan:Kk Vertical cylinder upper flame type incinerator
JPH10176811A (en) * 1996-12-15 1998-06-30 Nitsushiyoo Kiko:Kk Particle bed type incinerator and incinerating method for the same
JP2015025642A (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-05 株式会社御池鐵工所 Heat exchanger integrated combustion furnace

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KR101831927B1 (en) * 2016-09-07 2018-02-26 (주) 동진이엔시 High efficiency and environment-friendly incinerator structure

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