JP2016142237A - Structural material, wind power generation facility and wind power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structural material, a wind power generation facility and a wind power generation system, capable of easily monitoring the damage state of a surface.SOLUTION: A structural material of a structure mainly used under outdoor environment, includes a base material to be a basis of the structural material, a first protective layer formed on one main surface of the base material, and a second protectively layer formed on the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer. By detecting exposure of the first protective layer from the surface side of the structural material, the state of the protective layer can be monitored.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind power generation facility, and more particularly to a method for monitoring a surface state of each part of a wind power generation facility.

  In a wind power generation facility, a windmill, that is, a rotor composed of blades and a hub rotates by receiving wind, and converts the rotational energy into electricity. Such a wind power generation facility is continuously used once installed, and is regularly inspected every one to two years.

  On the other hand, wind power generation facilities are generally installed in locations where strong winds blow for a long time, and are often installed on coastlines where there are no tall buildings or trees in the vicinity. In order to increase power generation efficiency, construction of large-scale wind power generation facilities on the sea away from the coast is also increasing.

  In the vicinity of the coast or on the ocean, in addition to the effects of ultraviolet rays and wind and rain caused by sunlight, there are cases in which salt water is affected, and cormorants and birds collide. In addition, problems such as lightning damage occur. In addition, it is often installed in places with severe climatic conditions. For example, in deserts, the temperature difference between the temperature and the temperature is so intense that it can be exposed to strong sunlight and be affected by sandstorms. In the volcanic area, it may be affected by corrosive gas and volcanic ash.

  As described above, since wind power generation facilities are exposed to harsh environments, problems such as damage and deformation, surface contamination, and surface peeling occur due to long-term operation. When such a problem occurs, the power generation efficiency decreases due to poor appearance or damage to each part. Therefore, the surface of a structural base material (hereinafter referred to as a base material) such as a blade or a tower constituting a wind power generation facility is painted. A surface protective layer for protecting the surface by such means is provided.

  Since the substrate is shielded from the outdoor environment by the surface protective layer, damage is prevented. When this surface protective layer disappears, the base material is exposed to the outdoor environment, and thus damage and material deterioration are likely to occur. In order to repair a base material that has been damaged or deteriorated, it is necessary to temporarily remove the part or perform repair work with the part down to the ground. The facility will stop and will not be able to generate electricity.

  Therefore, in wind power generation facilities, it is possible to detect defects in major structures exposed to the outdoor environment or detect signs early, even if repairs are necessary, in a short time. Therefore, it is an important issue in improving the availability and reliability of wind power generation facilities.

Special table 2014-519024 gazette JP 2011-21988 JP 2013-155062 A

  As means for detecting a malfunction of a windmill structure at an early stage and appropriately exchanging and repairing parts, a method of remotely monitoring by a camera and a method of monitoring a state by attaching a sensor to the structure have been proposed.

  For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method and apparatus for optically diagnosing blade damage or signs of damage.

  According to Patent Document 1, the cost is low, and when repairing a wind power generator by detecting a sign of damage, it is possible to reduce the work risk of service personnel.

  Further, Patent Document 2 proposes a corrosion detection device capable of detecting in advance corrosion due to salt damage or the like on the surface of a structure of a wind power generation facility and an outdoor structure provided with the same.

  According to Patent Document 2, maintenance of coatings, members, parts, and the like of outdoor structures can be accurately performed according to the corrosive environment.

  Patent Document 3 proposes a technique for monitoring a crack generated in a structure with a camera from a distance.

  Patent Document 3 uses a stress-stimulated luminescent material that emits light when stress is applied, and has a characteristic that the magnitude of the stress and the luminescence intensity have a high correlation. This is a technique in which a high stress generation site or a crack generation site is detected by a camera by applying a paint or a sheet processed material containing the stress luminescent material to the surface of the structure.

  However, it is not easy to accurately find a crack generated on the surface of the rotating blade by a light emitting means such as a camera and a laser pointer as proposed in Patent Document 1.

  Further, in the technique of Patent Document 2, it is not easy to detect the corrosion or deterioration of the structure surface at a position away from the sensor unit, and the amount of data increases as the number of sensors increases. A separate means for increasing reliability is required.

  Moreover, in the technique of patent document 3, after a crack generate | occur | produces in a structure, the part where emitted light intensity increased is detected as a crack generation | occurrence | production site | part. Since wind power generation equipment is constantly subjected to external forces from natural winds, once a structural material is cracked, the unexpected damage of the wind can cause immediate damage to the equipment. According to the technology described in Patent Document 3, before such an event occurs, it is possible to repair or replace with a new one by detecting the part where the crack has occurred. There is a need to.

  Furthermore, even if a part in which a crack has occurred is repaired, it is difficult to guarantee its soundness, and therefore it is replaced with a new one depending on the degree of damage. Therefore, from the viewpoint of maintenance time and cost, it is necessary to find a defective part earlier than a crack is generated.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a structural material that can easily monitor the damage state of the surface.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generation facility capable of easily monitoring a damaged state of a surface of a part exposed to an outdoor environment.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generation system capable of easily monitoring a damaged state of a surface of a part exposed to an outdoor environment.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a structural material of a structure mainly used in an outdoor environment, and the structural material includes a base material serving as a base of the structural material, and a base material of the base material. A first protective layer formed on one main surface; and a second protective layer formed on the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer, and the structural material The state of the second protective layer is monitored by detecting the exposure of the first protective layer from the front surface side.

  Further, the present invention is a wind power generation facility having a rotating shaft to which a plurality of blades are connected, a nacelle that rotatably supports the rotating shaft, and a tower that serves as a column of the nacelle. A structural material having a protective layer formed on the surface is used in at least one of the blade, the rotating shaft, the nacelle, and the tower, and the structural material serves as a base of the structural material. A base material, a first protective layer formed on one main surface of the base material, and a second protective layer formed on the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer And monitoring the state of the second protective layer by detecting the exposure of the first protective layer from the surface side of the structural material.

  In addition, the present invention provides a wind power generation facility that generates power by receiving wind, a damage detection unit that detects a damage state of the surface of the wind power generation facility from the outside, and a surface damage that processes data acquired by the damage detection unit. The surface damage detection system includes an image processing device that performs image processing on data acquired by the damage detection unit, and image processing data processed by the image processing device. An image display device to be displayed, a recording device for recording image processing data processed by the image processing device, and a transmission unit for transmitting the image processing data recorded in the recording device to the outside by wired communication or wireless communication The surface of the wind power generation facility includes a first protective layer formed on the surface of the base material, and the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer. A second protective layer formed on the layer, and monitoring the state of damage to the surface of the wind power generation facility by detecting exposure of the first protective layer from the surface side of the wind power generation facility It is characterized by that.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the structural material which can monitor the damage state of the surface easily is realizable.

  Moreover, according to this invention, the wind power generation facility which can monitor easily the damage state of the surface of the site | part exposed to an outdoor environment is realizable.

  Moreover, according to this invention, the wind power generation system which can monitor easily the damage state of the surface of the site | part exposed to an outdoor environment is realizable.

  Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

It is a schematic block diagram of the wind power generation equipment which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic of the blade for wind power generation concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is A-A 'sectional drawing in FIG. It is an enlarged view of the B section in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which a part of the second layer has disappeared in FIG. 4. It is a partial schematic diagram of the tower of the wind power generation equipment concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is C-C 'sectional drawing in FIG. It is an enlarged view of the smooth part in FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a state in which a part of the first layer is exposed in FIG. 8. It is an enlarged view of the longitudinal weld part in FIG. It is a figure which shows notionally the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system showing the color of an object. It is a figure which shows another embodiment of the surface protection layer of a blade base material. It is a figure which shows the state with which the surface protective layer arrange | positioned on the braid | blade base material surface was worn out. It is sectional drawing after repairing a surface protective layer in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the wind power generation equipment provided with the structural surface damage detection system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a structural surface damage detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the collective wind power generation equipment provided with the structural surface damage detection system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, a plurality of embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to a plurality of drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a typical wind power generation facility according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, blades 10 (10 a, 10 b, 10 c) of the wind power generation facility 1 are attached to a rotary shaft 12 and generate power by a power generator (not shown) in the nacelle 13. Reference numeral 11 denotes a tower that supports the nacelle 13.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5, an outline of damage detection means on the blade base material surface of the wind power generation facility according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a blade of the wind power generation facility, and is a plan view of the blade 10 in the wind power generation facility shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the A-A ′ cross section in FIG. 2 viewed in the direction of the arrow. FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view in a range B surrounded by a dotted line in FIG. A first layer 105 containing a stress-stimulated luminescent material is disposed on the surface of the blade base material 100, and a surface protective layer 15 is provided that includes the second layer 106 disposed on the other surface of the first layer 105. . FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the exposed portion 16 in a state where the second layer 106 is exposed in FIG. 4.

  The blade 10 includes a glass fiber reinforced resin composite material (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic: GFRP) and a carbon fiber-reinforced resin composite material (Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic: Hereinafter, CFRP) is used as a structural material, and is molded and manufactured by a hand lay-up method, a resin impregnation method, a vacuum impregnation method, an autoclave method, or the like. An airfoil is formed by joining a plurality of members with an adhesive or other joining means.

  The blade 10 is formed in an aerofoil shape that obtains rotational force aerodynamically. As shown in FIG. 3, the main body of the blade 10 is disposed at the front end in the rotational direction of the front skin 100a and the rear skin 100b, and the front skin 100a and the rear skin 100b, which are divided into an upstream side and a downstream side and face each other. The front end portion 101a and the rear end portion 101b disposed at the rear end portion in the rotation direction of the front side skin 100a and the rear side skin 100b are main components.

  The front end portion 101a and the rear end portion 101b are adhesively bonded by the adhesive bonding portion 102a and the adhesive bonding portion 102b, respectively, thereby forming an airfoil of the blade 10 body. The webs 103 a and 103 b are formed in an elongated plate shape that extends toward the longitudinal tip of the blade body 10. The webs 103a and 103b are arranged substantially perpendicular to the front skin 100a and the rear skin 100b, and one end edge thereof is directly or indirectly connected to the front skin 100a via the girder member 104a. In addition, the other edge is directly or indirectly connected to the rear skin 100b via the girder member 104b. For this reason, the webs 103a and 103b have a function of supporting the front outer skin 100a and the rear outer skin 100b facing each other and suppressing the blade 10 body from bending in the front-rear direction.

  The stress-stimulated luminescent material included in the first layer 105 is a material having a property that the material itself emits light by strain energy due to mechanical external force such as frictional force, shearing force, impact force, and pressure, and The light emission intensity changes in proportion to the strain energy.

Examples of the stress luminescent material include zinc sulfide (ZnS) and aluminate (SrAl ₂ O ₄ ) as main components, spinel MgAl ₂ O ₄ and CaAl ₂ O ₄ , and corundum Al ₂ O. ₃ and an unstable 3d, 4d, 5d or 4f electron shell in the base crystal of at least one metal oxide or composite oxide selected from SrMgAl ₁₀ O ₁₇ having a β-alumina structure, Aluminous acid having a non-stoichiometric composition containing at least one metal ion selected from rare earth metal ions and transition metal ions capable of causing radiative transition in the electron shell as a central ion of the emission center A material having at least one kind of salt and having a lattice defect that emits light when carriers excited by mechanical energy return to the ground state; or Including at least one metal ion selected from rare earth metal ions and transition metal ions as a central ion of the luminescent center in the body material, and at least one metal selected from Y, Ba and Mg At least selected from a rare earth metal and a transition metal that emit light when electrons excited by mechanical energy return to the ground state in a base material mainly composed of a composite of an oxide and an oxide of Si. A stress luminescent material such as a material to which one kind of luminescent center is added may be used.

Further, CaYAl ₃ O ₇ , Ca ₂ Al ₂ SiO ₇ , Ca ₂ (Mg, Fe) Si ₂ O ₇ , Ca ₂ B ₂ SiO ₇ , CaNaAlSi ₂ O ₇ , Ca ₂ MgSi ₂ O ₇ , ( As a base material composed of one or more of Ca, Na) ₂ (Al, Mg) (Si, Al) ₂ O ₇ and Ca ₂ (Mg, Al) (Al, Si) SiO ₇ oxide, Added with an emission center composed of one or more of rare earths or transition metals that emit light when electrons excited by the mechanical energy return to the ground state, FeS ₂ structure Sr ₃ Al ₂ O ₆ or Ca ₃ Al ₂ O ₆ One or more emission centers of rare earths or transition metals that emit light when electrons excited by mechanical energy return to the ground state are added to the base material made of Examples thereof include ceramics having a β-alumina structure or strontium aluminate.

In general, inorganic compounds such as aluminate or silicate are used. In particular, fine particles such as aluminate (SrAl ₂ O ₄ : Eu) to which europium has been added and zinc sulfide (ZnS: Mn) to which manganese has been added are more preferable.

  These stress luminescent materials are more preferably spherical in shape and have a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm in order to efficiently fill the synthetic resin or synthetic fiber.

  In order to make the state when the stress light-emitting material emits light more conspicuous, the base material of the first layer 105 is preferably highly transparent. Specifically, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, fluorine resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, vinyl chloride resin, polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, And copolymers of these synthetic resins, blended products, and the like. In order to sufficiently transmit stress, a resin having a high surface hardness or a resin having a low elongation is more preferable.

  The second layer 106 is a material made of a polymer resin material, specifically, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, fluorine resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, phenol. Resin, vinyl chloride resin, polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin and the like, and polyurethane resin and fluorine resin are preferably used from the viewpoint of light resistance. Moreover, the copolymer of these synthetic resins, a blended product, etc. are mentioned.

Since the blade 10 is exposed to the outdoor environment, the surface of the blade 10 is shaved by raindrops or dust, the surface is deteriorated by ultraviolet rays, or flying objects such as birds and snow leopards collide with the first layer. Wear and peeling occur, and the first layer 105 is exposed as shown in FIG. (Exposed portion 16 of first layer due to damage of substrate surface)
Since the first layer 105 emits light by receiving an external force, only the exposed portion emits light in this state. Therefore, the light emitting part can be determined by using a camera that can be seen from a short distance at night and can be photographed from a long distance at night. Can be identified. At the point in time that the disappearance of the second layer 106 is detected by light emission, the soundness of the base material is maintained or is in a state of minor damage. Can be applied.

  The portion where the first layer 105 and the second layer 106 are provided is not limited to the blade base material 100, but the adhesive joint 102 (102a, 102b) and the web member 103 (103a, 103b) of the blade base material. It can be arranged on the base material surface such as the girder member 104 (104a, 104b), the joint part between the members, and the curved surface part or the notch part where the shape and dimensions are suddenly changed (changed). The use is not limited.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to easily monitor the damage state of the blade surface in the wind power generation facility.

  In addition, before the blade of the wind power generation equipment is damaged, it is possible to detect in advance a part that needs repair.

  Further, since repair and repainting portions at the time of maintenance inspection can be specified in advance, the time required for repair and the amount of paint necessary for painting can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the operating rate of the wind power generation facility and reduce the maintenance cost.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 6 to FIG. 9, an outline of damage detection means on the surface of the tower base material of the wind power generation facility according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of the tower according to the present embodiment, and shows the tower 11 in the wind power generation facility shown in FIG. FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the C-C ′ cross section in FIG. 6 viewed in the direction of the arrow. In FIG. 7, 110 is a smooth portion of the tower base material, and 113 is a welded portion in the height direction of the tower, that is, a longitudinal welded portion. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of the smoothing unit 110 in FIG. A first layer 105 containing a stress luminescent material is disposed on the surface of the smooth portion 110, and a second layer 106 is disposed on the other surface of the first layer 105. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the exposed portion 16 with the first layer 105 exposed in FIG.

  The tower 11 is made of a steel material, and after bending a rolled material having a predetermined thickness, one end and the other end are welded and joined by the longitudinal welds 113 (113a and 113b), and the tower cylinders 110a and 110b are joined. So that it is processed into a cylindrical shape. A plurality of longitudinal welds 113 (113a, 113b) may be provided on the circumference of the tower cylinders 110a, 110b.

  One tower cylinder 110a, 110b and the other tower cylinder 110a, 110b are welded to each other at a circumferential welding portion 114 (114a, 114b). This process is repeated a plurality of times, and the tower assembly portion 111 (111a, 111b) welded and joined to the other tower assembly portion 111 (111a, 111b) are bolted and joined at the flange portion 112 (112a, 112b).

  This process is repeated until the desired height is achieved to complete the tower of the wind power generation facility. A swivel bearing (not shown), a nacelle 13 containing a power transmission mechanism and a generator, a rotating shaft 12, and a plurality of blades 10 (10a, 10b, 10c) are attached to the top of the tower 11.

As in the case of the blade 10 shown in the first embodiment, the tower 11 is exposed to the outdoor environment, so the surface of the base material is first scraped by raindrops or dust, the surface is deteriorated by ultraviolet rays, or birds The first layer 105 is worn or peeled off by the collision of flying objects such as snow and snow. In addition, when the wind power generation facility is installed near the coast or on the ocean, the first layer is worn or peeled off by the splash of seawater or salt, and the first layer 105 is exposed as shown in FIG. (Exposed portion 16 of first layer due to damage of substrate surface)
Since the first layer 105 emits light by receiving external force, only the exposed portion emits light, and the light emitting part is specified by using a camera that can be photographed from a short distance and can be photographed from a long distance at night. be able to. At the time when it is detected by light emission that the first layer 105 has disappeared, the soundness of the base material is maintained or is slightly damaged. Therefore, appropriate repairs are made before damage to the tower 11 increases. Can be applied.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to easily monitor the damage state of the tower surface in the wind power generation facility.

  Moreover, before the tower of a wind power generation facility breaks, the site | part which needs repair can be detected in advance.

  Further, since repair and repainting portions at the time of maintenance inspection can be specified in advance, the time required for repair and the amount of paint necessary for painting can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the operating rate of the wind power generation facility and reduce the maintenance cost.

  FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the longitudinal weld 113 (113a, 113b) in FIG. A welded portion such as the longitudinal welded portion 113 (113a, 113b) is likely to cause stress concentration because the discontinuous portion 17 is formed by welding. When an external force is applied, high stress is generated in the stress concentration portion. Therefore, compared to the smooth portion described in Example 1 or Example 2, the stress emission intensity of the first layer 105 exposed by the disappearance of the second layer 106 is increased, and the structural material is rapidly emitted to emit stronger light. Surface damage can be detected.

  In such a discontinuous portion, when the second layer 106 disappears, deterioration is accelerated by the influence of the outdoor environment and the structural reliability is lowered. Therefore, it is more effective to apply this embodiment to the discontinuous portion. is there.

  In this way, the portion where the surface protective layer 15 of the base material composed of the first layer 105 and the second layer 106 is provided is the longitudinal welded portion longitudinal welded portion 113 (113a, 113b) of the tower 11 as in this embodiment. For example, it is arranged at a joint portion (welded portion) such as the flange portion 112 (112a, 112b), the circumferential welded portion 114 (114a, 114b), or a portion where the shape or size is suddenly changed (changed). Can do.

  Furthermore, it is not limited to the smooth part of the blade 10 or the tower 11, but the bonded joint part 102 of the front end part 101a and the rear end part 101b of the blade 10 or the web 103 (103a, 103b) outer cover and the girder member 104 (104a). , 104b).

  As described above, it is possible to arrange a joint portion between a plurality of members, a portion where the shape or size changes suddenly (change), a notch portion such as a bolt fastening hole, etc. It is not limited.

  Another embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, the difference in stress distribution caused by the thermoelastic difference between the first layer 105 and the second layer 106 described in the first or second embodiment is exposed by an infrared temperature measuring means such as an infrared thermography. 16 is detected.

  Infrared thermography is a device that measures unsteady temperature changes. If the gas is adiabatically expanded, the temperature of the gas will decrease, and conversely if the adiabatic compression is performed, the temperature will increase. Call.

  The calorific value due to the thermoelastic effect of a homogeneous material such as metal is expressed by the following formula 1.

Here, Δσ represents the stress fluctuation value of the object, T represents the temperature, K _m represents the thermoelastic coefficient, and the thermoelastic coefficient K _m is a specific numerical value determined by the thermophysical property of the material. The relationship between the thermal physical property values and thermoelastic coefficient K _m of typical construction materials used in the wind power installation shown in Table 1. For example, the _{K m} of iron (Fe) is ^{3.45 × 10 -6 N / mm 2} .

  The stress measuring means using the thermoelastic effect of the above formula 1 measures a minute temperature fluctuation when a stress fluctuation occurs in the measurement object by a measuring means such as an infrared thermography, and the stress fluctuation value Δσ based on the formula 1. Convert to.

Table 1 shows a converted value of Δσ at a temperature fluctuation of 1.0 mK in a typical structural material used for a wind power generation facility. Here, Δσ in the case of iron (Fe) is 0.97 N / mm ² , and Δσ of GFRP is 0.64 N / mm ² . That is, the temperature variation ΔT to be measured becomes large at a location where a high stress occurs such as a discontinuous shape or a notch in the measurement object.

In this embodiment, _{K m} of _{K m} and the second layer 106 of the first layer 105, respectively constitute different materials. With this configuration, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 8, when the second layer 106 remains, only Δσ generated in the second layer 106 is measured. As described above, Δσ generated in the first layer 105 and Δσ generated in the second layer 106 are measured in the exposed portion 16 where the part of the first layer 105 disappears and the second layer 106 is exposed. The exposed portion 16 can be detected by measuring the difference of Δσ.

  Δσ is expressed by the following formula 2.

  Here, the first layer 105 is a material made of a polymer resin material, specifically, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, fluorine resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin. Resins, phenolic resins, vinyl chloride resins, polycarbonate resins, epoxy resins, and the like, and polyurethane resins and fluorine resins are preferably used from the viewpoint of light resistance. Moreover, the copolymer of these synthetic resins, a blended product, etc. are mentioned.

The second layer 106, the material becomes a thermoelastic coefficient _{K m} which is different from the first layer 105 is preferred. Referring to Table 1, for example, the first layer 105 is made of a fluororesin and the second layer 106 is made of a polyurethane resin, so that the temperature fluctuation ΔT when the stress fluctuation Δσ is 1.0 N / mm ² is 14 mK and 1.5 mK, which can be calculated by Equation 1, and the difference 16 is measured by an infrared detecting means such as an infrared thermography, whereby the exposed portion 16 of the first layer can be detected.

  In the present embodiment, the smooth portion of the base material has been described as an example, but it can be arranged in a joint portion of a plurality of members, and a curved surface portion or a notch portion whose shape and dimensions change suddenly (changes). It does not limit the scope of its application. Moreover, it is not restricted to the material shown in Table 1, A suitable material can be combined suitably.

  In this embodiment, no extra cost is required for the structural material, but an infrared detection means such as an infrared thermography is required.

  Another embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, there is one that detects the exposed portion 16 based on the difference in color between the first layer 105 and the second layer 106 described in the first or second embodiment. The first layer 105 and the second layer 106 are composed of different color layers, and the exposed portion 16 due to the disappearance of the first layer 105 is detected by a color difference meter.

The outline of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 shows a color system representing the color of an object, which is an L ^* a ^* b ^* color system 2 standardized by the International Commission on Illumination in 1976 and established by JIS-Z8781-4: 2013. is there.

The L ^* a ^* b ^* color system 2 represents lightness as L ^* and chromaticity indicating hue and saturation as a ^* and b ^* . a ^* and b ^* indicate the color direction, a ^* indicates the red direction, -a ^* indicates the green direction, b ^* indicates the yellow direction, -b ^* indicates the blue direction, and becomes clearer as the value increases. Shows a dull color toward the center.

According to the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system 2, the color difference (color difference) can be expressed by a numerical value of ΔE ^* ab23. In FIG. 11, the color difference between the color 21 of the first layer 105 and the color 22 of the exposed second layer 106 is determined by a color measuring unit using a colorimeter manufactured by Konica Minolta, for example. Obtained by Equation 3.

As described above, in this embodiment, the color arrangement of the first layer 105 and the second layer 106 is not limited, and the first layer 105 and the second layer 106 are referred to with reference to the color system 2. The color difference ΔE ^* ab23 of the second layer 106 is obtained in advance, and this is used as a threshold value to detect the disappearance of the second layer 106 during operation.

The color system is not limited to the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system 2, such as Munsell color system, XYZ color system, L ^* c ^* h color system, and Hunter Lab color system. A standardized one may be used as a reference, or an original color system may be used.

  As a means for detecting the color difference, in addition to the method using the colorimeter described above, an image or a moving image is recorded on a recording device using a high-resolution camera, and the color difference is determined by means for performing post-processing by the image processing device. it can. Depending on the conditions, it is also possible to visually determine the color difference without using a color difference meter.

  With reference to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of the surface protective layer 15 of the blade substrate 100.

  In this embodiment, a stress luminescent material different from that blended in the first layer 105 is included between the first layer 105 and the second layer 106 disposed on the surface of the blade base material 100. Three layers 107 are arranged. FIG. 13 shows that in this embodiment, the surface protective material 15 disposed on the surface of the blade base material 100 is worn in the thickness direction, and the first layer 105 and the third layer 107 are exposed in contour lines. Represents the state of being.

The stress-stimulated luminescent material blended in the first layer 105 and the third layer 107 is, for example, one containing zinc sulfide (ZnS) or aluminate (SrAl ₂ O ₄ ) as a main component, or MgAl ₂ O having a spinel structure. ₄ and CaAl ₂ O ₄ , corundum-structured Al ₂ O ₃ , and β-alumina-structured SrMgAl ₁₀ O ₁₇ are unstable in the base crystal of at least one metal oxide or composite oxide At least one metal ion selected from rare earth metal ions and transition metal ions having a 3d, 4d, 5d, or 4f electron shell and capable of causing a radiation transition in the electron shell is used as a central ion of the emission center. Containing, at least one kind of aluminate having a non-stoichiometric composition, and light emission when carriers excited by mechanical energy return to the ground state A substance having a lattice defect, or containing at least one metal ion selected from rare earth metal ions and transition metal ions as a central ion of a luminescent center in the matrix material, from among Y, Ba and Mg A rare earth metal that emits light when an electron excited by mechanical energy returns to a ground state, on a base material comprising at least a main component of a composite of at least one selected metal oxide and Si oxide; and Examples include stress luminescent materials such as those added with at least one luminescent center selected from transition metals.

Further, CaYAl ₃ O ₇ , Ca ₂ Al ₂ SiO ₇ , Ca ₂ (Mg, Fe) Si ₂ O ₇ , Ca ₂ B ₂ SiO ₇ , CaNaAlSi ₂ O ₇ , Ca ₂ MgSi ₂ O ₇ , ( As a base material composed of one or more of Ca, Na) ₂ (Al, Mg) (Si, Al) ₂ O ₇ and Ca ₂ (Mg, Al) (Al, Si) SiO ₇ oxide, Added with an emission center composed of one or more of rare earths or transition metals that emit light when electrons excited by the mechanical energy return to the ground state, FeS ₂ structure Sr ₃ Al ₂ O ₆ or Ca ₃ Al ₂ O ₆ One or more emission centers of rare earths or transition metals that emit light when electrons excited by mechanical energy return to the ground state are added to the base material made of Examples thereof include ceramics having a β-alumina structure or strontium aluminate.

In general, inorganic compounds such as aluminate or silicate are used. In particular, fine particles such as aluminate (SrAl ₂ O ₄ : Eu) to which europium has been added and zinc sulfide (ZnS: Mn) to which manganese has been added are more preferable.

  These stress luminescent materials are more preferably spherical in shape and have a diameter in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm in order to efficiently fill the synthetic resin or synthetic fiber.

  In order to make the stress luminescent material emit light more conspicuously, the base material of the first layer 105 or the third layer 107 is preferably highly transparent. Specifically, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, fluorine resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, vinyl chloride resin, polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, And copolymers of these synthetic resins, blended products, and the like. In order to sufficiently transmit stress, a resin having a high surface hardness or a resin having a low elongation is more preferable.

At this time, the first layer 105 and the third layer 107 are configured to emit stress light having different colors. For example, the third layer 107 is mixed with aluminate (SrAl ₂ O ₄ : Eu) added with green light emitting europium, and the first layer 105 is zinc sulfide (ZnS: Mn) added with red light emitting manganese. ) Can be quantitatively detected in a state where damage to the surface protective layer 15 of the blade substrate 100 progresses.

  The second layer 106 is a material made of a polymer resin material, specifically, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, fluorine resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, Phenol resins, vinyl chloride resins, polycarbonate resins, and epoxy resins are preferable, and polyurethane resins and fluorine resins are preferably used from the viewpoint of light resistance. Moreover, the copolymer of these synthetic resins, a blended product, etc. are mentioned.

  In this embodiment, the combination is not limited only to the above materials, and the number of layers constituting the surface protective layer is not limited.

  Moreover, the base material provided with the surface protective layer is not limited to the blade of the wind power generation facility, and the same effect can be obtained even when applied to a tower or the like.

  Furthermore, the configuration of the present embodiment can also be applied to the fourth embodiment or the fifth embodiment. By combining a plurality of each of the first to sixth embodiments, damage to the surface of the structural material can be performed with higher accuracy. Can be detected.

  The outline of repair of the surface protective layer 15 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view after repairing the surface protective layer 15 in FIG. 12 described in the sixth embodiment. The blade base material 100, the first layer 105, the second layer 106, and the third layer are shown in FIG. It consists of a layer 107, a repair portion 18, a repaired first layer 105a, and a repaired second layer 106a.

  When repair work is performed after the exposed portion 16 is detected, it is difficult to return the surface protective layer 15 to a state equivalent to a new state by field work or visual work.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the configuration of the repair portion 18 is different from that of a new product. The repaired first layer 105a, the repaired second layer 106a, the first layer 105, and the second layer. The thickness of the first layer 105a may be different from that of the first layer 105a, and the repaired first layer 105a may be made of a material different from that of the new first layer 105. Further, the number of the surface protective layers 15 is not limited, and the base material on which the protective layers are provided is not limited to the blade of this embodiment. An effect can be obtained.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to grasp the tendency of the parts that are likely to be damaged by recording the history of repair locations and creating a database. By feeding back such a tendency to the designer, it is possible to clarify the weak point of the wind power generation facility and further enhance the reliability by strengthening the next model.

  With reference to FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, the outline | summary of embodiment of a base-material surface damage detection system is demonstrated. FIG. 15 shows a wind power generation facility equipped with a substrate surface damage detection system 14 (14a, 14b). FIG. 16 shows a detailed configuration of the substrate surface damage detection system 14.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the substrate surface damage detection system in the present embodiment includes a damage detection unit 141 that detects damage, an image processing device 142 that performs image processing, an image display device 143 that displays images, and image processing data. A recording device 144 for recording, a transmission unit 145 for transmitting image processing data to the outside, a transmission unit 145, that is, a communication cable 146 for connecting the base material surface damage detection system 14 to external equipment and devices, and the like are provided.

  The damage detection unit 141 is either a CCD camera, an infrared camera, or a camera equipped with a color difference meter depending on the number of layers of the surface protective layer 15 arranged on the substrate, the type of each layer, and the film thickness of each layer. Provided.

  The color difference meter may be incorporated in the image processing device 142. FIG. 16 illustrates an example in which the transmission unit 145 is connected to an external facility or device using the communication cable 146. However, a wireless communication unit is provided in the transmission unit 145 or the like to connect to an external facility or device. The data transmission may be a wireless system.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, the exposed portion 16 (damaged portion) generated on the surface of the base material by the base material surface damage detection system 14 (14 a, 14 b) provided in the nacelle 13 of the wind power generation facility 1. ) Is detected by any of the means described in the first to seventh embodiments.

  The image processing apparatus 142 has a threshold value input unit for detecting that the surface of the base material is damaged. If a predetermined threshold value is exceeded during operation of the wind power generation facility, the maintenance person needs to be repaired. Inform the site. The repair plan can be optimized by recording the history of repaired parts and the total number of repairs in the recording device 144 and recording / analyzing the tendency and frequency of the repair position. Also, by providing feedback to the person in charge of design, it can be strengthened when designing the next model, and high reliability can be achieved.

  The threshold value at this time is the size (area) of the damaged region, the magnitude of the light emission intensity, the color difference (color difference), and the like, and the exposed portion 16 (damaged portion) extracted by the image processing performed by the image processing apparatus. The damage quantitative value (damage level) is compared with the threshold value.

  In addition, the place which installs the base-material surface damage detection system 14 should just be a site | part which can monitor the base material of the wind power generation equipment 1, and does not restrict | limit height and an attachment position, For example, it attaches to the tower 11 etc. Also good.

  Another embodiment of the substrate surface damage detection system will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 shows a collective wind power generation facility (wind farm) 19 provided with a structural surface damage detection system 14. The detailed configuration of FIG. 17 is almost the same as that of the eighth embodiment, and it is preferable to use a high-resolution damage detection apparatus capable of photographing at a long distance for the damage detection unit 141.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, the base material surface damage detection system 14 of the wind farm 19 is installed in a remote place, that is, a place separated from each wind power generation facility.

  According to the present embodiment, when wind power generation facilities are installed on land, on the coast (coast), or on the ocean, the state of the wind farm 19 composed of wind power generation facilities or a plurality of wind power generation facilities can be monitored from a remote location. Therefore, the number of base material surface damage detection systems 14 can be reduced.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the structural material according to the present invention has been described mainly using an example of a wind power generation facility, but like a wind power generation facility, a railway vehicle that is exposed to a severe outdoor environment, The same effect can be obtained when applied to a pressure vessel used in a car body, an aircraft body, various plant facilities, and the like.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1a, 1b, 1c ... Wind power generation equipment, 2 ... L ^* a ^* b ^* Color system 10, 10a, 10b, 10c ... Blade, 11 ... Tower, 12 ... Rotary shaft, 13 ... Nacelle, 14, 14a , 14b ... base material surface damage detection system, 15 ... base material surface protective layer, 16 ... exposed portion of first layer due to base material surface damage, 17 ... discontinuous part by welding, 18 ... repair of surface protective layer , 19 ... Collective wind power generation facility (wind farm), 21, 21a ... Color of the first layer, 22 ... Color of the exposed second layer, 23 ... L ^* a ^* b ^* Color of the color system Difference (color difference) ΔE ^* ab, 100 ... blade base material, 100a ... front side skin, 100b ... rear side skin, 101 ... end, 101a ... tip end, 101b ... rear end, 102, 102a, 102b ... adhesive joint , 103, 103a, 103b ... web, 1 4, 104a, 104b ... girder member, 105 ... first layer, 105a ... repaired first layer, 106 ... second layer, 106a ... repaired second layer, 107 ... third layer, 110 ... Smooth part, 110a, 110b ... tower cylinder, 111, 111a, 111b ... tower assembly part, 112, 112a, 112b ... flange part, 113, 113a, 113b ... longitudinal weld part, 114, 114a, 114b ... circumferential weld part, 141 ... Damage detection unit, 142 ... Image processing device, 143 ... Image display device, 144 ... Recording device, 145 ... Transmission unit, 146 ... Communication cable.

Claims (15)

A structural material mainly used in outdoor environments,
The structural material is a base material that is a base of the structural material;
A first protective layer formed on one main surface of the substrate;
A second protective layer formed on the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer,
A structural material, wherein the state of the second protective layer is monitored by detecting the exposure of the first protective layer from the surface side of the structural material.   2. The structural material detects exposure of the first protective layer by detecting a color difference or a thermoelastic difference between the first protective layer and the second protective layer. The structural material described in 1. The first protective layer includes a stress-stimulated luminescent material that emits light by stress in its components,
The structural material according to claim 1, wherein exposure of the first protective layer is detected by detecting light emission of the stress-stimulated luminescent material from a surface side of the structural material.   The structural material detects an exposure of the first protective layer by detecting a difference in stress distribution due to a thermoelastic difference between the first protective layer and the second protective layer by an infrared temperature measuring means. The structural material according to claim 2, wherein The structural material further includes a third protective layer formed on the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer. Prepared,
The first protective layer and the third protective layer each include different first stress light emitters and second stress light emitters as components thereof,
The exposure of the first protective layer or the third protective layer is detected by detecting the light emission of the first stress luminescent material or the second stress luminescent material from the surface side of the structural material. The structural material according to claim 1. A rotating shaft connected to a plurality of blades;
A nacelle for rotatably supporting the rotating shaft;
A wind power generation facility having a tower to be a column of the nacelle,
Among each of the plurality of blades, the rotating shaft, the nacelle, and the tower, at least one or more parts, a structural material having a protective layer formed on the surface is used,
The structural material is a base material that is a base of the structural material;
A first protective layer formed on one main surface of the substrate;
A second protective layer formed on the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer,
A wind power generation facility, wherein the state of the second protective layer is monitored by detecting the exposure of the first protective layer from the surface side of the structural material.   The wind power according to claim 6, wherein the structural material is used for an adhesive joint portion or a welded portion of any of the plurality of blades, the rotating shaft, the nacelle, and the tower. Power generation equipment.   The structural material is used in a part where the base material has a curvature or a part where the thickness of the base material changes in any part of the plurality of blades, the rotating shaft, the nacelle, and the tower. The wind power generation facility according to claim 6.   7. The structural material detects exposure of the first protective layer by detecting a color difference or a thermoelastic difference between the first protective layer and the second protective layer. Wind power generation equipment described in 1. The first protective layer includes a stress-stimulated luminescent material that emits light by stress in its components,
The wind power generation facility according to claim 6, wherein exposure of the first protective layer is detected by detecting light emission of the stress-stimulated luminescent material from the surface side of the structural material.   The structural material detects an exposure of the first protective layer by detecting a difference in stress distribution due to a thermoelastic difference between the first protective layer and the second protective layer by an infrared temperature measuring means. The wind power generation facility according to claim 9, wherein The structural material further includes a third protective layer formed on the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer between the first protective layer and the second protective layer. Prepared,
The first protective layer and the third protective layer each include different first stress light emitters and second stress light emitters as components thereof,
The exposure of the first protective layer or the third protective layer is detected by detecting the light emission of the first stress luminescent material or the second stress luminescent material from the surface side of the structural material. The wind power generation facility according to claim 6. A wind power generation facility that generates power in response to the wind;
Damage detection means for detecting the damage state of the surface of the wind power generation facility from the outside;
A wind power generation system comprising a surface damage detection system for processing data acquired by the damage detection means,
The surface damage detection system includes an image processing device that performs image processing on data acquired by the damage detection unit;
An image display device for displaying the image processing data processed by the image processing device;
A recording device for recording the image processing data processed by the image processing device;
A transmission unit for transmitting image processing data recorded in the recording device to the outside by wired communication or wireless communication,
The surface of the wind power generation facility includes a first protective layer formed on the surface of the base material,
A second protective layer formed on the first protective layer so as to cover the first protective layer,
A wind power generation system, wherein the state of damage of the surface of the wind power generation facility is monitored by detecting the exposure of the first protective layer from the surface side of the wind power generation facility.   The wind power generation according to claim 13, wherein exposure of the first protective layer is detected by detecting a color difference or a thermoelastic difference between the first protective layer and the second protective layer. system. The recording device stores history information of a portion where the first layer is exposed,
The wind power generation system according to claim 13, wherein the wind power generation facility is repaired based on history information of the recording device.

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