JP2016140348A - Whole crop harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a chopping whole crop harvester that enables chopping crops reliably, even if the crops are longer than an axial length of a disc cutter and the crops enter from a vertical direction to the disc cutter.SOLUTION: A whole crop harvester 1 includes a chopping unit 3 with two or more disc cutters 31 for chopping crops for the whole crop, and a scattering unit 4 for scattering chopped pieces supplied from the chopping unit 3 by rotating a scattering blade 42. A second chopping unit 7 for chopping non-chopped pieces not chopped with the chopping unit 3 in the downstream side of the chopping unit 3. The second chopping unit 7 is turnably attached in the outside of the scattering blade 42 constituting the scattering unit 4. Thereby, the non-chopped pieces dropped in the vertical direction are cut with a cutter 72 constituting the second chopping unit 7.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a whole crop harvesting machine that harvests and shreds a crop for whole crop (hereinafter referred to as “crop”), and more specifically, a disc cutter that shreds a harvested crop. The present invention relates to a whole crop harvesting machine that can surely cut a portion exceeding the length even when the length is longer.

  The structure of a conventional general shredded whole crop harvester will be described with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 9, reference numeral 81 denotes a cutting / conveying unit that cuts a stock of a crop so that it can be conveyed obliquely upward. When this crop is conveyed, the crop is horizontally conveyed so that the crop is in the left-right direction of the aircraft 80 in the upper part of the aircraft 80. Reference numeral 82 denotes a shredded portion, which is configured to shred a crop that has fallen from above by rotating a plurality of disc cutters arranged to overlap each other. When the crop is shredded by the shredding portion 82, the crop is dropped so as to be parallel to the rotation axis of the disc cutter, and is sandwiched between the disc cutters to be shredded. Reference numeral 83 denotes a diffusing unit, and a plurality of diffusing blades are erected on the rotating disk, and the rotating disk is rotated so that the crop falling from above is applied to the diffusing blades and diffused. It is what I did. Reference numeral 85 denotes a roll forming unit, in which the fine pieces diffused by the diffusion unit 83 are conveyed to the roll forming chamber by the conveyance unit 84, where the tight pieces are circulated in a circular arc shape, whereby the fine pieces are self-weighted. A cylindrical roll bale is formed while rotating at the same time.

JP 2008-142049 A

  By the way, when shredding a tall crop with such a whole crop harvester, the following problems occur.

  That is, when shredding with the whole crop harvester as described above, the harvested crop is horizontally and horizontally dropped between the disk cutters. If the length is longer than this length, the tip portion exceeding the length is drawn in the vertical direction along the end wall surface of the disc cutter and cannot be shredded by the disc cutter. However, if a non-fine piece that could not be shredded in this way is dropped into the diffusion part below it, it will get stuck between the tip of the diffusion blade and the wall surface of the diffusion part, or it may become clogged. It may cause wrapping around. Furthermore, when such non-fine pieces exist, there is a problem that the state of forming the roll is deteriorated, the packing density is lowered, and the silage quality is deteriorated.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a whole crop harvesting machine that can surely chop even if the crop is longer than the disk cutter constituting the chopping portion.

  That is, in order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a cutting / conveying unit that harvests and conveys a crop for whole crop, and a plurality of disk cutters that shred the crop for whole crop conveyed by the cutting / conveying unit. In a whole crop harvester comprising a shredding part provided and a diffusion part for diffusing a fine piece supplied from the shredding part by rotating a diffusion blade, below the shredding part, the A second shredding part is provided for shredding non-fine fragments that have not been shredded by the shredding part.

  If comprised in this way, the crop dragged in the orthogonal | vertical direction with respect to the rotating shaft of a disk cutter can be shredded by a 2nd shredded part, and it can prevent a clogging or winding by a diffused part, etc. it can. Further, by eliminating non-fine pieces, the packing density at the time of roll forming is not reduced.

  In such an invention, the second shredded portion is provided on the lower side of the shredded portion near the end of the disc cutter.

  If it does in this way, a manufacturing cost can be lowered | hung by providing a 2nd shredded part only in a part with high possibility that it is not shredded with a disk cutter.

  Further, the second shredded part is provided on a rotating disk constituting the diffusing part.

  If it does in this way, the diffusion part and the 2nd shredding part are constituted integrally, and the shredding and the diffusion of the non-fine piece can be performed at the same time.

  Further, the second shredded portion is provided outside the diffusion blade standing on the rotating disk.

  In this way, by providing the second shredded portion only at the place where the non-fine fragments are likely to fall, the non-fine fragments can be shredded and the non-fine fragments sandwiched between the wall surfaces are cut. Can be made.

  The second shredded portion is configured by providing a cutter that bends obliquely upward or downward with respect to a plane parallel to the rotating disk.

  With this configuration, it is possible to increase the area where a cutter that bends obliquely upward or downward is applied to non-fine fragments that have fallen in the vertical direction, damaging crops and promoting fermentation after roll forming Will be able to.

  According to the present invention, a cutting / conveying unit that harvests and conveys a whole crop for cropping, and a shredding unit that includes a plurality of disk cutters that shred the whole crop for crops conveyed by the cutting / conveying unit. In a whole crop harvesting machine comprising a diffusion section for diffusing fine fragments supplied from the shredded portion by rotating a diffusion blade, shredding at the shredded portion downstream of the shredded portion A second shredding section is provided to shred non-fine pieces that have not been cut, so that the non-fine pieces that were not shredded by being dragged in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the disk cutter are second shredded. It can be shredded at the portion, and clogging or winding around the diffusion portion can be prevented. Further, by eliminating non-fine pieces, the packing density at the time of roll forming is not reduced.

Schematic of whole crop harvester showing an embodiment of the present invention Schematic plan view in FIG. The top view which shows the shredded part in the same form The figure which shows the spreading | diffusion part in the same form Enlarged perspective view of the diffusion part in the same form The figure which shows a part of roll forming part in the same form The figure which shows the power principle in the form The figure which shows 2nd embodiment Figure showing a conventional example

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the whole crop harvester 1 in this embodiment includes a cutting / conveying unit 2 that cuts and conveys crops in a field, and a shredder that cuts the harvested crops in a direction perpendicular to the stem. The cutting unit 3 includes a roll forming unit 6 that transports the crop shredded by the shredding unit 3 by the transport unit 5 and forms a cylindrical roll bale. And, characteristically, as shown in FIG. 3, the shredded portion 3 is constituted by a disc cutter 31 that rotates inward with respect to each other, and has fallen in the longitudinal direction without being shredded by the disc cutter 31. The fine fragments are shredded by the second shredder 7 (see FIG. 4). Hereinafter, the whole crop harvester 1 in the present embodiment will be described in detail.

  First, the harvesting / conveying unit 2 constituting the whole crop harvesting machine 1 cuts the stock of the crop and conveys it obliquely behind the machine 10 so that the conveyed crop is conveyed to the centering unit 25. It is configured. As shown in FIG. 2, the mowing / conveying unit 2 is provided with a plurality of weed boards 21 in front of the machine body 10 so that the crops in the field can be weeded, and then the trigger processing can be performed. . When performing this inducing process, resin-made protrusions 22 provided so as to face each other are rotated obliquely upward and rearward, whereby the protrusions 22 are lifted from the stock of the crop and caused to occur. When the protrusion 22 is rotated obliquely upward, the protrusion 22 is protruded so as to face each other and the chain is rotated. On the other hand, when the protrusion 22 is rotated from top to bottom, The protrusion 22 is tilted along the chain. And about the crop which caused it by such protrusion 22, the stock origin is cut | disconnected by the blade which is not shown in figure which reciprocates. Then, the crop is conveyed diagonally upward and backward by the conveyor 23. When transported by the conveyor 23, the crop stock portion and the center portion are sandwiched by a chain having a triangular claw, and the tip portion is sandwiched and transported by a resin protrusion and a guide bar 24.

  The centering unit 25 transports the crop that has been transported in this manner horizontally so as to face the width direction of the body 10, and transports the crop toward the center of the body 10. Thus, when the crop is transported to the vicinity of the center, the vicinity of the center of the crop is sandwiched from above and below by the chain 26 having metal claws, and the tip portion is sandwiched from the top and bottom by the guide bar and the resin protrusion 27 and held. I am doing so. Then, the crop is conveyed near the center of the machine body 10 by directing the conveyance direction of the chain 26 having such metal claws and the resin protrusions 27 toward the center of the machine body 10.

  The shredding part 3 shreds the crop that has fallen from such a centering part 25 into a fixed width. As shown in FIG. 3, the shredding portion 3 is composed of a disk cutter 31 having a plurality of rotary blades on a pair of front and rear rotating shafts 32a and 32b, and the rotary blades rotate inward with respect to each other. So, crops are shredded. Among the disk cutters 31, one rotating shaft 32 a is provided with a pair of left and right auxiliary disk cutters 33 in the axial direction, and the other rotating shaft 32 b is inserted into a gap between these auxiliary disk cutters 33. A main disk cutter 34 is provided. Thereby, the crops that have entered these overlapping cutter portions can be shredded with the pitch dimensions of the auxiliary disk cutter 33 and the main disk cutter 34.

  When driving this shredded portion 3, as shown in FIG. 7, the rotation from the power source 11 is transmitted to the drive shaft 12, and the sprocket attached to the drive shaft of the shredded portion 3 using the chain from there. Try to rotate.

  The diffusion unit 4 diffuses the crop shredded by the shredding unit 3 toward the transport unit 5 described later. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the diffusing unit 4 is configured by providing a pair of left and right rotating disks 41 and a plurality of diffusing blades 42 erected along the radial direction on the rotating disks 41. By rotating the rotating disk 41 in opposite directions, the crops falling from above are applied to the diffusion blades 42 and diffused radially. The pair of left and right rotating disks 41 are arranged such that the tip-side rotating disk 41 is disposed on the upper side and the stock-side rotating disk 41 is disposed on the lower side. The crops that are scattered radially when they are rotated are mixed uniformly so as not to collide with each other. In addition, by arranging the tip-side rotating disk 41 on the upper side in this way, the ratio of positioning the tip on the upper side when the fine fragments are mixed is increased, thereby preventing crop spillage during packing of the roll bale. Less. In the central part of these diffusing parts 4, separation protrusions 43 are provided for separating the crops that have fallen to the left and right rotating discs, and the horizontal direction of each rotating disk 41 falls from above. An inclined wall 44 is provided for bringing the crops that have been moved toward the rotating disk 41.

  When driving the diffusion unit 4, as shown in FIG. 7, the rotation from the power source 11 is transmitted to the drive shaft 12, and the drive shaft 45 is rotated from there through the chain. When the drive shaft 45 rotates in this way, the rotating disk 41 is rotated by the bevel gear 46 as shown in FIG.

  The transport unit 5 transports the crops thus chopped toward the roll forming chamber 61. As shown in FIG. 1, the transport unit 5 includes a bottom roller 51 provided below the roll forming chamber 61, a first free roller 52 provided on the front side in the traveling direction, and the first free roller 52. The second free roller 53 provided at a slightly higher position on the downstream side of the roller is provided, and an endless conveyor 54 is circulated between these rollers, whereby the bottom roller 51 is rotated to roll the fine pieces. Transport to chamber 61.

  The roll forming unit 6 rotates the crop conveyed from the conveying unit 5 to form a cylindrical roll bale, winds a net 68 around the outer periphery of the roll bale, and discharges it to the field. More specifically, the roll forming unit 6 includes a front chamber 62f and a rear chamber 62b that can be opened and closed by a hinge attached to the rear upper end of the front chamber 62f. A roll bale can be formed in a roll forming chamber 61 surrounded by the chamber 62f and the rear chamber 62b. A plurality of chain gears 63 that circulate the chain 64 are attached to the left and right side walls constituting each of the chambers 62f and 62b, and an arc shape is formed on the inner side in the center direction of the chain 64 that circulates. A guide plate 65 is attached (see FIG. 6). The guide plate 65 is separated into a front guide plate 65f provided on the front chamber 62f side and a rear guide plate 65b provided on the rear chamber 62b side, and the front chamber 62f and the rear chamber 62b are closed. In this case, a continuous C-shaped guide edge 65a is formed. The end portions of the plurality of tight bars 66 are in contact with the guide edge 65a of the guide plate 65 provided on the side wall as described above, and the chains 64 are connected to the both end portions of the tight bars 66 so as to circulate. It has become. The tight bar 66 circulates in a C shape along the guide edge 65a, and circulates along the guide edge 65a of the front guide plate 65f and the rear guide plate 65b when the rear chamber 62b is opened. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the roll forming section 6 is provided with a net feeding section 69 for winding a net 68 around the roll bale. When the net 68 is wound by the net feeding unit, when it is detected that the roll bale has become a certain size, the net 68 is fed from the net roll 67 by a motor, and the tip of the net 68 is fed into the roll forming chamber 61. The net 68 is wound in the same manner as when forming the roll veil by guiding the part. Then, after winding the net 68 a predetermined number of times, the net 68 is cut, the rear chamber 62b is opened, and the roll bale is discharged to the field.

  Even when the roll forming unit 6 is driven, as shown in FIG. 7, the rotation from the power source 11 is transmitted to the drive shaft 12, and the chain gear 63 for driving is rotated from there using the chain. Then, the rotation of the chain gear 63 causes the tight bar 66 to circulate along the guide edge 65a as shown in FIG. 6 so that a roll bale can be formed.

  In such a configuration, when the crop is shredded using the disc cutter 31, the crop in the horizontal direction is shredded by the rotary blade of the disc cutter 31. At this time, the length of the crop is the length of the disc cutter 31. If the length is longer than that, the portion beyond the disk cutter 31 hits the wall surface of the body 10 and is dragged in the vertical direction. However, if the crop stem diameter is smaller than the pitch of the disk cutter 31 at this time, the crop passes through the disk cutter 31 and falls as it is. Therefore, here, the second shredding part 7 is provided so that such a non-fine piece can be shredded.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the second shredded portion 7 is configured to be able to cut a non-fine fragment that has dropped along the vertical axis direction in a direction across the pedicle. Various methods are conceivable as a method for cutting such non-fine fragments. Here, a cutter 72 is provided outside the diffusion blade 42 and the cutter 72 is rotated by the rotating disk 41 to thereby rotate the non-fine fragments. Can be shredded.

  The second shredding section 7 is configured such that a rotary shaft 71 having a vertical axis is provided at the tip of the diffusion blade 42 standing on the rotary disk 41, and a cutter 72 is attached to the rotary shaft 71. The rotating shaft 71 is detachably attached to the distal end side of the diffusion blade 42 with a screw, and the cutter 72 can be attached and replaced by removing the screw. A pair of upper and lower independent cutters 72 are attached to the rotation shaft 71 through a long hole 73, and the cutter 72 is rotated through the rotation shaft 71. 73 can be retracted in the longitudinal direction. These upper and lower cutters 72 are provided with a bent portion 75 bent at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees obliquely upward and downward at the tip of a plate portion 74 that forms a plane parallel to the rotating disk 41, and both side pieces of the bent portion 75 are provided. It is possible to cut non-fine fragments by sharpening. Further, at this time, by bending within a range of 45 to 60 degrees, the area in contact with the non-fine fragments falling in the vertical axis direction is increased, thereby damaging the non-fine fragments with a large area and fermenting the silage. To promote.

  Next, the operation of the whole crop harvester 1 configured as described above will be described.

  First, when the aircraft 10 is run to harvest the crops in the field, as shown in FIG. 2, the crops are weeded by the cutting and conveying unit 2 in front of the aircraft 10, and the crops 22 are circulated in the vertical direction. cause. Then, the stock of the crop caused in this way is cut, and the stock of the crop, the vicinity of the center, the tip of the crop, etc. are held by the conveyor 23 and conveyed diagonally upward and backward. The crop that has been transported in this way is transported by the centering unit 25 so as to be in a horizontal state along the left-right direction of the machine body 10.

  The crop conveyed horizontally in this way is discharged from above the disk cutter 31 constituting the shredding unit 3. At this time, in the central part of the crop, it is drawn into the disk cutter 31 and is chopped in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the stem. On the other hand, in such a crop, the part exceeding the length of the disk cutter 31 is brought into a standing state by hitting the wall surfaces of both ends of the disk cutter 31 and dragged into the disk cutter 31 in the vertical direction. . At this time, when the thickness of the stalk of the crop is thinner than the pitch of the auxiliary disk cutter 33 and the main disk cutter 34 of the disk cutter 31, it is not shredded by the disk cutter 31 and falls downward as a non-fine piece. It will be.

  Here, the fine fragments cut at the central portion of the disk cutter 31 are separated into left and right by a separation protrusion 43 as shown in FIG. Then, it falls along the inclined wall 44. Of the fine pieces that have fallen in this way, the fine piece of the tip portion falls on the rotating disk 41 provided above and is diffused radially by hitting the diffusion blade 42. On the other hand, the stock-side fine fragments fall on the rotating disk 41 provided below and strike the diffusion blades 42 to be diffused radially.

On the other hand, the non-fine pieces dropped from the gaps between the auxiliary disk cutter 33 and the main disk cutter 34 are shredded by a cutter 72 attached to the outside of the diffusion blade 42 of the diffusion unit 4. More specifically, when the non-fine piece falls in the vertical axis direction from the vicinity of both ends of the disk cutter 31, the non-fine piece falls along the inclined wall 44 and is provided outside the diffusion blade 42. It contacts the pair of upper and lower cutters 72. At this time, since the cutter 72 rotates together with the rotary disk 41, the non-fine fragments can be cut in the direction across the stem by the rotation. Moreover, the large area of a non-fine piece can be damaged by the collision of the cutter 72 and a non-fine piece at this time, and fermentation can be accelerated | stimulated.
At this time, if a large amount of non-fine fragments or foreign matters fall along the inclined wall 44, the cutter 72 is retracted in the rotation direction around the rotation shaft 71, and is within the range of the long hole 73. Thus, the cutter 72 is retracted in the linear direction so as not to clog non-fine fragments and the like between the wall surfaces. Then, the fine pieces cut by the cutter 72 are radially diffused and conveyed to the roll forming chamber 61 in a state where the stock is positioned on the lower side and the tip is positioned on the upper side.

  The fine pieces conveyed to the roll forming chamber 61 rotate by the action of the tight bar 66 that circulates along the guide plate 65 to gradually form a large roll bale.

  Then, when the roll bale becomes a certain size, the net 68 is fed out, the tip portion thereof is guided to the roll forming chamber 61, and the tight bar 66 is circulated to wind the net 68 around the outer periphery of the roll bale. When the net 68 is wound a predetermined number of times, the net 68 is cut and the rear chamber 62b is opened to release the packed roll bale to the field.

  As described above, according to the above-described embodiment, the harvesting / conveying unit 2 that harvests and conveys the crop for whole crop, and the plurality of disk cutters 31 that shred the crop for whole crop conveyed by the harvesting / conveying unit 2. In the whole crop harvesting machine 1, comprising the shredding part 3 provided with the diffusing part 4 for diffusing the fine fragments supplied from the shredding part 3 by rotating the diffusion blade 42. Since the second shredding part 7 for shredding the non-sliced pieces that have not been shredded by the shredding part 3 is provided on the downstream side of the part 3 with respect to the rotating shafts 32a, b of the disc cutter 31. Non-fine fragments that have been dragged in a perpendicular direction and have not been shredded can be shredded by the second shredded portion 7. Further, by eliminating the non-fine fragments, clogging or winding around the diffusing portion 4 can be prevented, and the packing density at the time of roll forming is not reduced.

  Further, since the second shredded portion 7 is provided below the end portion of the disc cutter 31 of the shredded portion 3, the second shredded portion 7 is provided only in a portion where the crop is not likely to be shredded. Providing it can reduce the manufacturing cost.

  Further, since the second shredded portion 7 is provided on the rotating disk 41 constituting the diffusing portion 4, the diffusing portion 4 and the second shredded portion 7 are integrally configured and simultaneously with the shredding. Non-fine fragments can be diffused.

  Further, since the second shredded portion 7 is provided outside the diffusion blade 42 standing on the rotating disk 41, even if a non-fine piece falls between the diffusion blade 42 and the wall surface, Non-fine fragments can be shredded by the two shreds 7. Thereby, clogging between the rotating disk 41 and the wall surface can be prevented.

  In addition, since the second shredded portion 7 is configured by providing a cutter 72 that bends obliquely upward or downward from a plane parallel to the rotating disk 41, the area where the non-fine piece that has fallen and the cutter 72 hits is formed. Can be increased, and the crop can be damaged to promote fermentation after roll forming.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It can implement in a various aspect.

  For example, in the above embodiment, the second shredding part 7 is provided on the rotating disk 41 of the diffusing part 4. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and between the disk cutter 31 and the diffusing part 4, FIG. You may make it provide the 2nd shredded part 7 comprised with the cutter 72a rotated around a vertical axis as shown independently. Even in the case of such a configuration, when the non-fine piece falls in the vertical axis direction, the non-fine piece can be cut by the rotating cutter 72a, and in the chopped state, the diffusion unit 4 is cut. Fine pieces can be supplied. Even in this case, the second shredded portion 7 is provided only in a portion where the non-thin fragments are likely to fall, such as the second shredded portion 7 being provided in the vicinity of both axial ends of the disk cutter 31. It is good to keep it.

  In the above embodiment, the second shredding part 7 is provided with a plate part 74 having a surface parallel to the rotating disk 41 and a bent part 75 bent in the vertical direction from the tip of the plate part 74, Although the side of the bent portion 75 is sharply configured, the side of the plate portion 74 may be sharpened so that the stem can be cut without providing such a bent portion 75.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the plate portion 74 is rotated around the rotation shaft 71, but it may be attached to the outside of the diffusion blade 42 so as not to rotate, or May be mounted on the rotating disk 41 at another location.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the 2nd shred part 7 was provided in the outer side etc. of the disk cutter 31, you may make it provide the 2nd shred part 7 in the downward side of the disk cutter 31 entirely. Good.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Whole crop harvesting machine 10 ... Machine body 2 ... Cutting and conveyance part 21 ... Weeding board 22 ... Protrusion 23 ... Conveyor 24 ... Guide bar 25 ... Centering Part 26 ... guide bar 27 ... metal claw 3 ... shredded part 31 ... disk cutter 32a, b ... rotating shaft 33 ... auxiliary disk cutter 34 ... main disk cutter 4 ..Diffusion unit 41 ... Rotating disk 42 ... Diffusion blade 5 ... Conveying unit 51 ... Bottom roller 52 ... First free roller 53 ... Second free roller 54 ... Conveyor 6 ... Roll forming section 61 ... Roll forming chamber 62f ... Front chamber 62b ... Rear chamber 63 ... Chain gear 64 ... Chain 65 ... Guide plate 65a ... Guide edge 66 ... Tight bar 67 ... Net low 68 ... Net 7 ... second shredding unit 71 ... pivot shaft 72 ... cutter 73 ... elongated hole 74 ... plate portion 75 ... bent portion 76 ... side piece

Claims (5)

Harvesting / carrying section for harvesting and transporting whole crop crops;
A shredding part comprising a plurality of disc cutters for shredding the crop for whole crop conveyed by the cutting and conveying part;
In a crop crop cropping machine for a whole crop comprising a diffusion section that diffuses the fine fragments supplied from the shredding section by rotating a diffusion blade,
A crop whole crop harvesting machine for whole crops, wherein a second shredding part for shredding non-fine pieces not shredded by the shredding part is provided downstream of the shredding part. The whole crop harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the second shredded portion is provided below an end portion of the disc cutter of the shredded portion. The crop whole crop harvesting machine for whole crops according to claim 1, wherein the second shredding part is provided on a rotating disk constituting the diffusion part. The crop hole crop harvesting machine for whole crops according to claim 1, wherein the second shredded portion is provided outside a diffusion blade standing on a rotating disk. The crop whole crop harvesting machine for whole crops according to claim 1, wherein the second shredded portion is configured by providing a cutter that is bent with respect to the rotation axis direction of the rotary disk.

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