JP2016140249A - Multistage-type shelf, and multistage-type cultivation device equipped with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multistage-type shelf and a multistage-type cultivation device equipped with the shelf which are capable of uniformizing humidity in a cultivation environment without being affected by a light period and a dark period.SOLUTION: There is provided a multistage-type shelf 2 for cultivating plants inside a closed-type structure 1 being a closed space. The multistage-type shelf 2 is partitioned into a plurality of three-dimensional cultivation spaces corresponding to each of a plurality of stages. An upper end face side and a lower end face side of the cultivation space are closed, and at least one face of faces opposing in a depth direction in a side face of the cultivation spaces is partitioned by reflection plates 22. Then, a light period and a dark period are mixed in a plurality of cultivation spaces.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a multi-stage shelf for plant cultivation installed in a closed space and a multi-stage cultivation apparatus provided with the same, and in particular, an artificial light source and an air conditioner are fully equipped to eliminate the influence of the external environment and grow the plant. It is related with the multistage shelf which can perform, and a multistage cultivation apparatus provided with the same.

Conventionally, a large-scale cultivation method represented by a plant factory is known as a cultivation method for growing various plants.
In such a cultivation method, an artificial light source is used instead of sunlight, and an environment suitable for plant cultivation is created by an air conditioner and an automatic watering device. In other words, by using these devices, it is possible to artificially adjust the light amount, temperature, humidity, wind speed, irrigation amount, etc. of the cultivation space to the optimum state, so that high quality and uniform seedlings can be stably Can be nurtured.
However, since such an apparatus uses an artificial light source or the like instead of sunlight, it is affected by this heat generation. It is also affected by temperature and humidity increases associated with plant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to create an optimal environment for plants.
Moreover, in such a cultivation method, there is much usage-amount of energy, and reducing this energy usage-amount is also a subject.
As a method for creating such an environment and using energy efficiently, a technique such as Patent Document 1 is known.

In the technique of patent document 1, the technique regarding the plant factory provided with the air conditioner in which cooling operation is possible is disclosed.
In this technique, the front-end | tip part of the ventilation duct of an air conditioner is arrange | positioned above each cultivation container, and the some container opposing part extended along this is formed. And in this container opposing part, it is set as the structure which blows off cooling air toward the plant accommodated in each cultivation container from the upper side of each illuminating device arrange | positioned at each cultivation container.
In this way, by allowing the cooling air to flow through each lighting device, the cooling air can be warmed by the heat generated by each lighting device, and thus each cultivation in a state where the relative humidity of the air is reduced. It is possible to reach the plant housed in the container. With such a configuration, it is possible to adjust so that the relative humidity in the surrounding space of the plant does not become excessively high.

JP 2014-014285 A

However, according to the technique of Patent Document 1, the humidity of the multistage shelf can only be adjusted simultaneously and singly.
On the other hand, in so-called plant factories, the humidity environment in the cultivation room varies greatly depending on lighting conditions. That is, the humidity environment in the cultivation room varies greatly depending on the light period and dark period.
Specifically, since the heat load increases during the light period when the lighting is turned on, the air conditioner operates at a high output and cools and dehumidifies, resulting in a low temperature, and conversely, during the dark period when the light is turned off. Since there is no heat load, the operation of the air conditioner seems to be suppressed, and the dehumidification amount of the air conditioner is less than the amount of moisture transpiration from the plant.
In view of this point, the apparatus as described in Patent Document 1 does not correspond to such a bright and dark period, and the apparatus according to Patent Document 1 cannot solve the problem caused by this bright and dark period.
In addition, when trying to cope with the technique described in Patent Document 1, large-scale equipment such as a humidifier and a dehumidifier is required, and there is a problem that initial cost and running cost increase.
Moreover, since humidification exceeding the dehumidification amount of an air conditioner is needed at the time of humidification, there existed a problem that a lot of water was required and efficiency became bad.

An object of the present invention is to solve each of the above-mentioned problems, and is not affected by the light period and dark period, and a multistage shelf capable of uniformizing the humidity in the cultivation environment, and a multistage cultivation provided with the same To provide an apparatus.
In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage cultivation apparatus that does not require large-scale equipment and that makes the humidity in the cultivation environment even more uniform and has good energy efficiency by simple ventilation equipment. There is to do.

  According to the multistage cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, the above-described problem is a multistage shelf for cultivating plants in a closed structure that is a closed space, and the multistage shelf includes a plurality of multistage shelves. It is partitioned into a plurality of three-dimensional cultivation spaces corresponding to each stage, and in the cultivation space, at least one of the faces facing in the depth direction is partitioned by a reflector, so that the cultivation space that is in the light period and This is solved by allowing the cultivation space in the dark period to be mixed.

Thus, in this invention, the upper surface and lower surface of cultivation space are obstruct | occluded.
For example, if it is a cultivation space arranged between shelves, it is closed by a cultivation tray arranged above, a support plate of a lighting device, etc., and if it is a cultivation space arranged at the top The covering may be performed with a support plate, a lid member, or the like of the lighting device disposed above. In addition, in the cultivation space arrange | positioned at the uppermost part, it does not exclude closing the upper part (ceiling part) with a reflecting plate.
And in this invention, at least one surface side was made into the partition with the reflecting plate among the surfaces facing the depth direction of cultivation space.
Thereby, cultivation space can be made independent so that the influence of external illumination etc. may be minimized.
In other words, since it is possible to minimize the influence of external lighting and lighting of adjacent cultivation spaces, it is possible to mix the light period cultivation space and the dark period cultivation space in a multistage shelf. .
Therefore, it is not necessary to switch the air conditioning at the same time between the light period and the dark period, the load on the air conditioner is leveled throughout the day, the dehumidification amount is also constant, and the humidity is leveled.
Thus, the humidity can be made uniform without being affected by the light and dark period.
Moreover, the illumination efficiency in cultivation space can be raised by presence of a reflecting plate.
Furthermore, since the light and dark periods coexist, the entire lighting in the light period is eliminated, so that peak power can be suppressed and energy is advantageous.
Note that the depth direction refers to the short side (small width side) of a multi-stage shelf assembled as a frame-shaped housing, and the width direction described later is a direction orthogonal to the depth direction and is a longitudinal direction (large width). Side).

  Specifically, at this time, as described in claim 2, in the cultivation space, the front surface portion and the rear surface portion facing in the depth direction are both covered with the reflecting plate, and the direction is perpendicular to the depth direction. It is preferable that the reflection plate is not disposed on both side surfaces facing in the width direction, since the effect of eliminating external influences and the effect of increasing illumination efficiency in the reflection plate are further increased. In addition, since the reflector covers the outer surface of the cultivation space and there is an opening in the width direction, the air flowing in from the opening is ventilated by the reflector to guide the cultivation space (especially near the cultivation surface) It can be cooled efficiently. Therefore, cooling of an extra part (for example, cooling of a work space etc.) can be suppressed.

Moreover, at this time, as described in claim 3, the cultivation space is arranged in parallel in the vertical direction corresponding to each of the plurality of steps, and in the cultivation space, faces in the width direction orthogonal to the depth direction. An air supply unit is provided so as to face one of the side surfaces on both sides, and the air supply unit includes an air supply box portion that is a hollow housing covering the one side surface, A surface that communicates with the air supply box portion at the upper end and includes a fan box in which a fan is mounted. The surface that faces one of the side surfaces of the air supply box portion. It is preferable that an air supply hole is formed.
Such a configuration is preferable because low-humidity cool air from the air conditioner can be efficiently supplied to a cultivation space that is a space covered with a reflector with a simple configuration.

Furthermore, at this time, as a specific application configuration, as described in claim 4, the air supply hole is provided for each shelf, and is divided in the vertical direction corresponding to each shelf. It is preferable to discharge air in the width direction with respect to all the plurality of cultivation spaces to be arranged.
Further, as described in claim 5, it is preferable that a current plate is formed inside the air supply box.
If comprised like these, the low-humidity cold air from an air conditioner can be efficiently sent in cultivation space.

Furthermore, at this time, as described in claim 6, an exhaust unit is provided so as to face the other side surface of both side surfaces facing the width direction of the cultivation space, and the exhaust unit is The exhaust box portion is a hollow casing that covers the other side surface, and the surface of the exhaust box portion facing the other side surface is covered with a breathable board, and the other side. It is preferable that an exhaust fan is provided on a surface facing the side surface of the outer side.
When configured in this way, low humidity and cold air sent from the air supply unit into the cultivation space can be drawn to the exhaust unit side, so that low humidity and cold air from the air conditioner can be efficiently sent into the cultivation space. it can.

And as described in Claim 7, the multistage cultivation apparatus which concerns on this invention is a closed type structure which is a closed space which arrange | positions the multistage shelf as described in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 6 inside. It is preferable to comprise at least a body and an air conditioner disposed at the upper end of the inner side wall of the closed structure.
Moreover, as described in claim 8, the multistage cultivation apparatus according to the present invention has the multistage shelf according to any one of claims 3 to 6 inside a closed structure that is a closed space. In the multistage cultivation apparatus arranged, an air conditioner is disposed at an upper end portion of the inner side wall of the closed structure, and a cold air discharge port of the air conditioner is directed toward the fan box. It is preferable that
Furthermore, as described in claim 9, the multistage cultivation apparatus according to the present invention is a multistage cultivation apparatus in which the multistage shelf according to claim 6 is arranged inside a closed structure that is a closed space. An air conditioner is disposed at the upper end of the inner side wall of the closed structure, and a cold air discharge port of the air conditioner is directed toward the fan box, It is preferable that an air inlet of the air conditioner is disposed immediately above the air discharge portion.
Still further, as described in claim 10, a multistage cultivation apparatus in which the multistage shelf according to claim 6 is arranged inside a closed structure that is a closed space, wherein the closed structure A cool air discharge port of a plurality of air conditioners is arranged at the upper end of the inner side wall of the body so that the fan box is directly below the position where the cool air discharged from the air conditioners facing each other collides. It is preferable to arrange them.

Such a configuration is preferable because an appropriate circulating airflow can be formed.
In these cases, the number of multistage shelves and the arrangement of the cultivation space are not limited. That is, the cultivation space may be arranged on both sides in the width direction with the air supply unit as the center, and in this case, the air supply holes and the current plate are arranged on both surfaces facing the width direction of the air supply unit. .

According to the present invention, at least one surface side or both surfaces of the surfaces facing the depth direction on the side surface of the cultivation space are partitioned by the reflector. Thereby, the influence of external illumination, illumination of the adjacent cultivation space, etc. can be minimized, and the cultivation space can be made independent from the external environment.
In particular, since it is possible to minimize the influence of lighting other than irradiating itself, the light period cultivation space and the dark period cultivation space can be mixed in the multistage shelf.
Therefore, it is not necessary to switch the air conditioning at the same time between the light period and the dark period, the load on the air conditioner is leveled throughout the day, the dehumidification amount is also constant, and the humidity is leveled. That is, the humidity can be made uniform without being affected by the light and dark period.
Moreover, the illumination efficiency in cultivation space can be raised by presence of a reflecting plate.
Furthermore, since the light and dark periods coexist, the entire lighting in the light period is eliminated, so that peak power can be suppressed and energy is advantageous.
In addition, by providing an air supply unit and an exhaust unit, which are simple devices, it is possible to ventilate the cultivation space with a simple configuration, temperature irregularities are eliminated, and a moderate airflow is formed, improving the photosynthetic rate. And plant yields are increased.
Furthermore, since the reflector covers the outside of the cultivation space, the reflector serves as a guide for ventilation, and the cultivation space (especially, the vicinity of the cultivation surface) can be efficiently cooled, and cooling of extra portions is unnecessary. .
Thus, according to the present invention, the humidity in the cultivation environment can be made uniform without being affected by the light period and dark period. Moreover, a large-scale installation is not required, and the humidity in the cultivation environment can be made more uniform and energy efficiency can be improved with a simple ventilation facility.

It is a perspective view which shows the multistage cultivation apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the multistage shelf which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of the air supply unit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the top view and side view of an air supply unit which concern on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the air supply unit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the front view and back view of the exhaust unit which concern on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the front view, side view, and back view of the exhaust unit which concern on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the airflow in the multistage type cultivation apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of a light-dark period fraction based on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the multistage type cultivation apparatus which concerns on a 1st modification. It is the front view of the air supply unit which concerns on a 1st modification, a side view, and a rear view. It is explanatory drawing which shows the airflow in the multistage type cultivation apparatus which concerns on a 1st modification.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Note that the configuration described below does not limit the present invention and can be variously modified within the scope of the gist of the present invention.
The present embodiment relates to a multistage shelf that can equalize humidity in the cultivation environment without being affected by the light period and the dark period, and a multistage cultivation apparatus including the same. In addition, in order to make the humidity in the cultivation environment uniform, no special equipment is required, and a multi-stage shelf and an improvement are added so that energy efficiency can be improved with a simple configuration. The present invention relates to a multistage cultivation apparatus.

FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 9 shows one Embodiment based on this invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view which shows a multistage cultivation apparatus, FIG. 2 is a perspective view which shows a multistage shelf, FIG. 3 is an air supply unit 4 is a plan view and a side view of the air supply unit, FIG. 5 is a top view of the air supply unit, FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the front view and the rear view of the exhaust unit, and FIG. 7 is a front view of the exhaust unit. -Side view / rear view, FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing the air flow in the multi-stage cultivation apparatus, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing an example of light / dark fractionation.
Moreover, FIG. 10 thru | or FIG. 12 shows the 1st modification of the said embodiment, FIG. 10 is a perspective view which shows the multistage cultivation apparatus which concerns on a 1st modification, FIG. 11 concerns on a 1st modification. The front view, side view, and rear view of the air supply unit, and FIG. 12 are explanatory diagrams showing airflow in the multistage cultivation apparatus according to the first modification.
Each drawing is mainly for explaining the state of the airflow and the movement of the member for airflow adjustment, which are the main components of the present invention, and other known peripheral members are omitted and simplified. It is shown.
In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 10, etc., one reflector is omitted for easy explanation so that the internal configuration can be easily seen.
In FIG. 6, it is difficult to visually recognize the inside through the punching board, but the inside is illustrated for explanation.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the longitudinal direction (that is, the direction across both side face frames 21A and 21A described later) is defined as the width direction, and the direction orthogonal to the width direction is defined as the depth direction.

As shown in FIG. 1, the multistage cultivation apparatus S according to the present embodiment includes a closed structure 1, a multistage shelf 2, and an air conditioner 3.
As the closed structure 1 according to the present embodiment, a known structure may be used, and although detailed illustration is omitted, the closed structure 1 is configured as a large case that forms a space surrounded by a heat insulating wall surface. The interior is completely shielded from external light including sunlight.
Thereby, the inside of the closed structure 1 becomes a space that is not affected by external conditions such as outside air, outside moisture, and outside light.

Moreover, the volume of the closed structure 1 is such that at least one multistage shelf 2 (in many cases, a plurality of multistage shelves 2 are used) is arranged so that one or more workers can work. The size is enough to secure the space.
In the present embodiment, a rectangular parallelepiped shape is illustrated as the outer shape of the closed structure 1, but the shape is not limited to this, and any shape is selected without departing from the spirit of the present invention. You can also. The same applies to the number of installed multistage shelves 2.

The multistage shelf 2 according to the present embodiment includes a cultivation rack 21, a plurality of reflectors 22, an air supply unit 23, and an exhaust unit 24. A cultivation tray (not shown) and the like are arranged.
As the illuminating device, a known illuminating device is used. For example, an artificial light source such as a fluorescent lamp is used. Specifically, with the light source supported by the support, the light source is fixed at an appropriate position, and light can be irradiated from above to the cultivation tray disposed below.

Moreover, the cultivation tray uses the well-known cultivation tray, and is arrange | positioned substantially horizontally below the cultivation space M equivalent to the shelf of one step. By arranging this cultivation tray, the space is partitioned in the vertical direction, and the cultivation spaces M are respectively formed above and below the cultivation tray. That is, the cultivation space M exists for the number of steps of the shelf, and the cultivation tray is disposed below the cultivation space M. The cultivation tray may be arranged by a known method. For example, a shelf board may be installed, a locking portion may be provided on the cultivation tray, or a metal plate / metal net / metal bar may be provided at the support position. The cultivation tray is equipped with known devices such as water supplied from an automatic irrigation device, but these may be any known configuration, and are directly related to the present invention. Since there is no description, it abbreviate | omits description.
In addition, in this embodiment, the one-stage shelf is divided into halves with a center frame 21C described later as a boundary, and about half of the one-stage shelf is configured as a unit for one cultivation. . This one unit is collectively referred to as “unit cultivation space M1”.
That is, in this embodiment, the cultivation space M corresponding to one step is configured by two unit cultivation spaces M1 and M1 arranged in parallel in the width direction.

As shown in FIG. 2, the cultivation rack 21 according to the present embodiment has side frame bodies 21 </ b> A and 21 </ b> A assembled in a substantially rectangular shape, a plurality of front and rear surface step forming bars 21 </ b> B passed horizontally in the longitudinal direction, and side surfaces. This is a housing-like frame body having a central frame body 21C formed in the same shape as the frame body 21A.
The side frame body 21A includes two side surface vertical direction bars 21a that extend in the vertical direction and are arranged in parallel in the depth direction, and a side surface upper bar 21b that bridges the upper end surfaces of the two side surface vertical direction bars 21a and 21a. A side step forming bar 21c that bridges the side vertical bars 21a and 21a below the side upper bar 21b.
The plurality of side surface step forming bars 21c are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction.
In the present example, the lower ends of the side surface vertical direction bars 21a and 21a protrude downward from the side surface step forming bar 21c disposed at the lowermost position, and the two protrusions are referred to as “side leg portions 21d, 21d ".

  Further, as described above, the center frame 21C has the same shape as the side frame 21A, and a portion corresponding to the side vertical bar 21a is referred to as a “center vertical bar 21e” and a portion corresponding to the side upper bar 21b. Is referred to as “center upper bar 21f”. Furthermore, a portion corresponding to the side step forming bar 21c is referred to as “center step forming bar 21g”, and a portion corresponding to the side leg portion 21d is referred to as “center leg portions 21h, 21h”.

The central frame 21C is disposed between the side frames 21A and 21A (the central portion between both).
In the present embodiment, twelve front and rear surface level difference forming bars 21B are used, and bridge the front and rear in the depth direction of the central frame 21C and the side frames 21A and 21A.
That is, in each of the side frame bodies 21A and 21A, one cross-section is formed so as to bridge three intersections of the side intersections of the side vertical bar 21a and the upper side bar 21b and the intersection of the central vertical bar 21e and the central upper bar 21f. The front / rear surface step forming bar 21B is handed over, and similarly, the front / rear surface step forming bar 21B is handed over so as to bridge each intersection.
Thereby, except for a top | upper surface, the shelf of five steps can be installed in the cultivation rack 21. FIG.
Further, the lower ends of the four side leg portions 21d and the lower ends of the two central leg portions 21h are grounded to the floor surface, whereby the cultivation rack 21 is installed on the floor surface.

If the frame formed by one step, that is, the side surface step forming bars 21c and 21c and the front and rear surface step forming bars 21B and 21B positioned at the same height in the vertical direction is a unit frame, the unit adjacent in the vertical direction The space between the frames is one step, that is, the cultivation space M.
Moreover, although the unit which divided | segmented this cultivation space M by the position of the central level | step difference formation bar 21g is the unit cultivation space M1, in this embodiment, for description, each unit cultivation space M1 is distinguished and FIG. Thus, suppose that the symbol of unit cultivation space M11-M20 is attached.

As the reflector 22 according to the present embodiment, a known reflector may be used. In particular, from the inside of the unit cultivation space M1, light from the lighting device is not released to the outside, and light from the outside is unit. It is desirable that the material has a reflectance that does not allow transmission into the cultivation space M1.
A plurality of reflectors 22 are arranged, and on the front and rear surfaces, each front and rear surface step forming bar 21B, each side surface vertical direction bar 21a, each space surrounded by each central vertical direction bar 21e (in this embodiment, on the front surface). 10 and 10 on the rear surface, 20 in total) are arranged to be closed.
In addition, in the rectangular space of both the side frame bodies 21A and 21A (the space surrounded by the side surface up / down direction bar 21a, the side surface upper bar 21b, and the side surface step forming bar 21c: there are five each) Not placed.
Further, when each reflector 22 is configured to move, open, and close in the vertical direction and the forward direction, the workability is improved. As an example, for example, a hinge or the like is attached to the upper front / rear surface step forming bar 21B, and the reflector 22 is fixed to the hinge so as to be rotatable with respect to the front / rear surface step forming bar 21B. It can be set as such a structure.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the air supply unit 23 according to the present embodiment includes a duct frame 23 </ b> A, a fan box 23 </ b> B, and an air supply port 23 </ b> C.
The duct frame 23A is a box-shaped member formed so that its planar shape (see FIG. 4A) is substantially the same as the planar shape of the side frame 21A, and the box-shaped air supply box portion 23a. And an air supply side leg portion 23b extending downward from the lower bottom vertex of the air supply box portion 23a.

Five rectangular air supply holes 23c extending in the horizontal direction are formed at equal intervals in the vertical direction on the air supply surface N1 of the air supply box portion 23a (one of the surfaces substantially the same as the planar shape of the side surface frame 21A). Has been.
A rectifying plate 23d extending at an acute angle with the air supply surface N1 is disposed on the lower side of the air supply hole 23c.
The rectifying plate 23d is angle-adjusted so that the low-humidity cold air sucked into the air supply box portion 23a is uniformly supplied from the upper stage to the lower stage, and this angle can be changed manually. Yes.

Further, the upper surface of the air supply box portion 23a is opened, and the fan box 23B is placed and fixed on the upper surface portion. The bottom surface of the air supply box 23a is closed.
The fan box 23B is a member in which three air supply fans 23f are fixed inside a rectangular cylindrical fan support cylinder 23e. The fan box 23B is configured to be powered by an external power source (not shown) to operate.
With this configuration, when the fan 23f is operated, outside air is guided from the fan box 23B to the inside of the air supply box 23a, and the guided air is rectified by the rectifying plate 23d and is supplied to each supply air. The air is discharged from the pores 23c.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the exhaust unit 24 according to the present embodiment includes an exhaust frame 24A.
The exhaust frame 24A according to the present embodiment is a box-shaped member formed so that its planar shape (see FIG. 7A) is substantially the same as the planar shape of the side frame 21A. The exhaust box part 24a and the exhaust side leg part 24b respectively extended downward from the lower bottom vertex part of this exhaust box part 24a are comprised.
A punching panel 24c is disposed on the inner side surface N2 of the exhaust box portion 24a (one surface of the two surfaces substantially the same as the planar shape of the side surface frame 21A) (in the present embodiment, the one side) This is an example in which the entire surface is formed by the punching panel 24c).

An exhaust fan 24d is disposed on the outer surface N3 (the other surface of the two surfaces that is substantially the same as the planar shape of the side surface frame 21A).
The exhaust fans 24d are arranged in parallel at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and in the present embodiment, an example in which three exhaust fans 24d are arranged is shown.
The upper surface and the bottom surface of the exhaust box portion 24a are closed.

The cultivation rack 21, the plurality of reflectors 22, the air supply unit 23, and the exhaust unit 24 configured as described above are assembled as shown in FIG.
FIG. 1 shows a state in which one reflecting plate 22 (the reflecting plate 22 disposed on the uppermost front surface on the air supply unit 23 side) is removed so that the internal state can be visually recognized.
In addition, the upper end surface portion is provided with a lighting device for irradiating the plant with light in the uppermost unit cultivation space M1, M1 (cultivation space M), which is originally closed, The lighting device is not shown so that the situation can be visually recognized.

As described above, after the 20 reflection plates 22 (20 on the front surface and 20 on the rear surface) are disposed on the cultivation rack 21, the air supply unit 23 is attached to the outer surface of the one side frame 21A. At this time, the air supply unit 23 is disposed so that the air supply surface N1 (surface substantially the same as the planar shape of the side surface frame 21A) in which the air supply holes 23c are formed is brought into contact with the outer surface of the side surface frame 21A. Is done. The lower part is supported by the air supply side leg 23b.
At this time, the five air supply holes 23c are arranged between the respective steps (that is, between the side surface upper bar 21b and the side surface step forming bar 21c positioned at the uppermost position, and the side surface step forming bars 21c, 21c).
Thereby, it can blow with respect to all each cultivation space M (unit cultivation space M1, M1 adjacent to a horizontal direction).

An exhaust unit 24 is attached to the outer surface of the other side frame 21A. At this time, the exhaust unit 24 is disposed so that the punching panel 24c (a surface that is substantially the same as the planar shape of the side surface frame 21A) is brought into contact with each other. The lower part is supported by the exhaust leg 24b.
Thereby, the air which passed each cultivation space M (unit cultivation space M1, M1 adjacent to the horizontal direction) is collected by the exhaust box part 24a, and it is outside by the exhaust fan 24d formed in the outer surface N3. Discharged.

The airflow in the multistage cultivation apparatus S configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 8, the multistage shelf 2 is installed such that the exhaust unit 24 is disposed below the air conditioner 3. Preferably, the discharge port of the exhaust fan 24d disposed in the exhaust unit 24 is preferably disposed in the vicinity immediately below the intake port of the air conditioner 3.
Further, it is preferable that the cold air discharge port of the air conditioner 3 is directed toward the fan box 23 </ b> B of the air supply unit 23.
With this configuration, the low-humidity cold air P1 discharged from the air conditioner 3 is sucked by the fan 23f disposed in the fan box 23B and guided into the air supply box 23a (low-humidity cold air P2) The guided low-humidity cold air P2 is rectified by the rectifying plate 23d and discharged from the air supply hole 23c. Then, the low-humidity cool air P2 is blown to all the cultivation spaces M (all the unit cultivation spaces M1, M1 adjacent in the horizontal direction) from the five air supply holes 23c.

Then, the heated and humid air P3 whose temperature and humidity has increased through all the cultivation spaces M is collected in the exhaust box portion 24a and discharged to the outside by the exhaust fan 24d formed on the outer surface N3. The discharged elderly wind P4 is collected from the air inlet of the air conditioner 3.
At this time, the plurality of reflectors 22 arranged on the front and rear surfaces also help to form an air passage (becomes a guide so that the passing air does not diffuse outward), and can increase the directivity of air movement. .

Next, a plant cultivation method in which light and dark periods are mixed in the multistage shelf 2 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 9, in this embodiment, in the multistage shelf 2, it grows by mixing a light period and a dark period.
The example shown in FIG. 9 is an example of the cultivation time schedule division range, but in this example, two unit cultivation spaces M1 and M1 (that is, one cultivation space) arranged in parallel in the width direction (horizontal direction). The light period and dark period are managed so that M) becomes the same group.
Specifically, for example, the unit cultivation spaces M11 and M12 and the unit cultivation spaces M13 and M14 have a light period of 0:00 to 16:00, and the unit cultivation spaces M15 and M16 have a light period of 8:00 to 0:00. . In addition, the unit cultivation spaces M17 and M18 and the unit cultivation spaces M19 and M20 have a light period of 16:00 to 8:00. The other time is the dark period.
That is, for example, in this time schedule, at 2 am, the unit cultivation spaces M11, M12, 13, M14, M19, and M20 are in the light period, and the unit cultivation spaces M15 and M16 are in the dark period.

Thus, in the multistage shelf 2, even if the light period and the dark period are mixed, the reflector 22 is arranged, so that it is effective to be influenced by the illuminance of other shelves and the influence of external illumination. Avoided.
Therefore, with the configuration as in the present embodiment, it is possible to grow the multistage shelf 2 while mixing the light period and the dark period.
Therefore, the load on the air conditioner 3 can be leveled throughout the day, whereby the dehumidification amount is also constant and the humidity is leveled.
Furthermore, since it becomes possible to suppress the peak power as compared with the case where the lighting is fully turned on, it is advantageous in terms of cost.
Moreover, illumination efficiency will increase by providing the reflecting plate 22 in each unit cultivation space M1. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the lighting fixtures, which is advantageous in terms of cost.
In addition, this time schedule etc. is an example, The combination pattern etc. of the unit cultivation space M1 (cultivation space M) which belongs to the number of each unit cultivation space M1 (cultivation space M), the number of steps, light / dark time, and light / dark time are required. It can be changed accordingly.

In addition, in this way, in the multi-stage shelf 2, a plurality of reflectors 22 are used in order to grow the light period and the dark period in a mixed manner, but as a result, the entire unit cultivation space M1 (cultivation space) In (M), there is a possibility that the air permeability may be lowered and the temperature and humidity adjustment may be slightly difficult, but this is solved by providing the air supply unit 23 and the exhaust unit 24 having a simple configuration as described above. can do.
Thus, by ventilating each unit cultivation space M1 (cultivation space M), the temperature and humidity unevenness is more effectively eliminated, and by generating an appropriate air flow, the photosynthetic rate is increased and the yield is increased. Connected.
In addition, since the area near the cultivation surface can be efficiently cooled, extra portions such as passages do not need to be cooled, which is also effective in terms of energy saving.

(First modification)
Next, modified examples will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the present embodiment, two multistage shelves 2 are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction, the second air supply unit 123 is disposed at the boundary portion, and two exhaust units 24, 24 are provided at both ends thereof, respectively. Arranged.
In addition, since the structure of the multistage shelf 2 and the exhaust unit 24 is the same as that of the said embodiment, it will keep only description of a changed part.

The air supply unit 23 according to the above embodiment has a rectangular air supply hole 23c extending in the horizontal direction on the air supply surface N1 of the air supply box portion 23a (one surface substantially the same as the planar shape of the side surface frame 21A). And the baffle plate 23d was provided.
However, in the second air supply unit 123 according to the modified example, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the second air supply surface N <b> 11 is also formed on the other surface that is substantially the same as the planar shape of the side frame 21 </ b> A. Was provided.
The configuration of the second air supply surface N11 is the same as the configuration of the air supply surface N1.
The term “second air supply surface N11” is used to distinguish the above embodiment from the modified example. To put it simply, the structure of the air supply surface N1 on both sides that is substantially the same as the planar shape of the side frame 21A. Is formed.

And as shown to Fig.12 (a), in this example, the two air conditioners 3 and 3 are used.
It is desirable that the discharge ports of the exhaust fans 24d and 24d disposed in both the exhaust units 24 and 24 are disposed in the vicinity immediately below the intake ports of the air conditioners 3 and 3, respectively.
Moreover, these air conditioners 3 and 3 are provided so that both may oppose in the upper end of the closed type structure 1 inner wall, and it is directly under the center part (namely, point where discharge wind collides) of the opposing line. It is desirable that the second air supply unit 123 is disposed.
When configured in this way, as shown in FIG. 12, the collided low-humidity cool air P <b> 1 proceeds directly below, that is, in the direction of the second air supply unit 123 because the ceiling of the closed structure 1 is present above. . Therefore, the second air supply unit 123 can efficiently supply the low-humidity cold air P1.
The subsequent wind flow is the same as in FIG. That is, the state of FIG. 8 is formed symmetrically on both sides with the second air supply unit 124 interposed therebetween.

(Second modification)
Next, a second modification is shown.
The first modified example is an example in which the first modified example is further modified.
In the first modified example, the configuration including the second air supply unit 123 and the exhaust units 24 and 24 is shown for the cultivation racks 21 and 21, but the air supply unit 23 and the exhaust unit 24 can be arbitrarily It is possible to select the presence or absence of the arrangement.
As an example, as shown in FIG. 12B, a configuration without the air supply unit 23 may be used.
Even in the case of such a configuration, the position where the second air supply unit 123 is disposed, that is, the gap K formed between the two cultivation racks 21 and 21 arranged in parallel is two air conditioners. The low-humidity cool air P1 that has collided flows directly into the gap K and is supplied to each cultivation space M.
For this reason, it becomes possible to implement | achieve the function similar to the said 1st modification.

Moreover, it is good also as a structure which removed the fan box 23B of the air supply unit 23 used in the 1st modification.
That is, as described above, the gap K formed between the two cultivation racks 21 and 21 arranged in parallel is directly below the point where the discharge air from the two air conditioners 3 and 3 collides. Since the low-humidity cool air P1 flows into the gap K, the low-humidity cool air P1 is taken into the air supply box portion 23a even when the fan box 23B is not present, and is cultivated from the second air supply surfaces N11 and N11. Low-humidity cold air P1 can be sent into the space M.

Furthermore, the exhaust unit 24 may not be used.
That is, as described above, the gap K formed between the two cultivation racks 21 and 21 arranged in parallel is directly below the point where the discharge air from the two air conditioners 3 and 3 collides. The low-humidity cool air P1 flows into the gap K, and an air flow path toward the air inlets of the air conditioners 3 and 3 is formed. Therefore, even if the exhaust unit 24 is not used, the same air as in FIG. A flow path can be formed.

Furthermore, for the same reason, even if the air supply unit 23 and the exhaust unit 24 are not used, an air flow path similar to that shown in FIG. 12 can be formed.
As described above, the air supply unit 23 and the exhaust unit 24 can be used in any combination.
In other words, a configuration in which only the air supply unit 23 is not used, a configuration in which only the exhaust unit 24 is not used, a configuration in which the exhaust unit 24 is used without using only the fan box 23B of the air supply unit 23, and a fan box of the air supply unit 23 Five configurations, that is, a configuration in which only 23B is not used and the exhaust unit 24 is not used, and a configuration in which both the air supply unit 23 and the exhaust unit 24 are not used, can be realized as the second modified example.
The optimum embodiment is a configuration using both the air supply unit 23 and the exhaust unit 24 as shown in the above embodiment and the first modification.

As described above, in the present embodiment, by using the reflector 22 in the multistage shelf 2, it is possible to perform cultivation in which the light period and the dark period are mixed.
Moreover, the illumination efficiency in the unit cultivation space M1 (cultivation space M) increases by providing the reflecting plate 22.
At this time, an air supply unit 23 and an exhaust unit 24 were installed in order to compensate for a slight decrease in ventilation due to the installation of the reflector 22.
Therefore, in order to level the load of the air conditioner 3, the amount of dehumidification is leveled, and as a result, the humidity state is also leveled. Furthermore, temperature unevenness is eliminated and a moderate airflow is formed, so that the photosynthetic rate is improved.
Moreover, since it is not necessary to turn on the lighting device completely in the light period, peak power can be suppressed.
Furthermore, since the reflecting plate 22 covers the outside of the unit cultivation space M1 (cultivation space M), the reflecting plate 22 serves as a guide for ventilation, and particularly near the cultivation surface of the unit cultivation space M1 (cultivation space M). Cooling can be performed efficiently, and cooling of unnecessary parts becomes unnecessary.

S Multi-stage cultivation apparatus 1 Closed structure 2 Multi-stage shelf 21 Cultivation rack 21A Side frame 21a Side vertical bar 21b Side upper bar 21c Side step forming bar 21d Side leg 21B Front and rear step forming bar 21C Central frame 21e Center vertical bar 21f Center upper bar 21g Center step forming bar 21h Center leg 22 Reflector plate 23 Air supply unit 23A Duct frame 23a Air supply box
N1 air supply side
23c Air supply hole
23d Rectifying plate 23b Air supply leg 23B Fan box 23e Fan support cylinder 23f Fan 23C Air supply port 24 Exhaust unit 24A Exhaust frame 24a Exhaust box
N2 inner surface
24c punching panel (breathable board)
N3 outside
24d Exhaust fan 24b Exhaust leg 3 Air conditioner M Cultivation space M1 (M11 to M20) Unit cultivation space H1 Unit frame 123 Second air supply unit N11 Second air supply surface P1, P2 Low-humidity cold air P3 Heated humid air P4 Elderly Wind

Claims (10)

In a closed structure that is a closed space, a multistage shelf for growing plants,
The multistage shelf is partitioned into a plurality of three-dimensional cultivation spaces corresponding to a plurality of stages,
In the cultivation space, at least one of the surfaces facing in the depth direction is partitioned by a reflector,
The multistage shelf, wherein the cultivation space in the light period and the cultivation space in the dark period can be mixed. In the cultivation space, both the front part and the rear part facing in the depth direction are covered with the reflector,
2. The multistage shelf according to claim 1, wherein the reflector is not disposed on both side surfaces facing a width direction that is a direction perpendicular to the depth direction. The cultivation space is arranged in parallel in the vertical direction corresponding to each of the plurality of steps,
In the cultivation space, an air supply unit is provided so as to face one of the side surfaces on both sides facing the width direction orthogonal to the depth direction,
The air supply unit includes an air supply box portion that is a hollow housing that covers one of the side surfaces, and a fan box that communicates with the air supply box portion at the upper end and has a fan mounted therein. Has been
The multistage shelf according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an air supply hole is formed in a surface facing one of the side surfaces of the air supply box portion.   The air supply hole is provided for each of the shelves, and discharges air in the width direction for all the plurality of cultivation spaces arranged and arranged in a vertical direction corresponding to each of the shelves. The multistage shelf according to claim 3, wherein the shelf is a multistage shelf.   The multistage shelf according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a rectifying plate is formed inside the air supply box portion from a lower end portion of the air supply hole. An exhaust unit is provided so as to face the other side surface of the both side surfaces facing the width direction of the cultivation space,
The exhaust unit is configured to have an exhaust box portion that is a hollow casing covering the other side surface,
The surface of the exhaust box part facing the other side surface is covered with a breathable board, and the surface facing the other side surface on the outside is provided with an exhaust fan. The multistage shelf according to any one of Items 3 to 5. A closed structure that is a closed space in which the multistage shelf according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is disposed;
An air conditioner disposed at an upper end portion of the inner side wall of the closed structure, and comprising a multi-stage cultivation device. A multistage cultivation apparatus in which the multistage shelf according to any one of claims 3 to 6 is disposed inside a closed structure that is a closed space,
An air conditioner is disposed on the inner side wall upper end of the closed structure,
The multistage cultivation apparatus, wherein a cold air discharge port of the air conditioner is directed toward the fan box. A multistage cultivation apparatus in which the multistage shelf according to claim 6 is arranged inside a closed structure that is a closed space,
An air conditioner is disposed on the inner side wall upper end of the closed structure,
The cold air outlet of the air conditioner is directed in the direction of the fan box, and the air inlet of the air conditioner is arranged immediately above the air outlet from the exhaust fan. apparatus. A multistage cultivation apparatus in which the multistage shelf according to claim 6 is arranged inside a closed structure that is a closed space,
At the upper end of the inner side wall of the closed structure, the cold air outlets of a plurality of air conditioners are arranged to face each other,
The multi-stage cultivating apparatus, wherein the fan box is disposed immediately below a position where cold air discharged from the air conditioning apparatus facing the fan box collides.

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