JP2016129140A - Method for manufacturing light-emitting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device with a superior light emission efficiency.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing a light-emitting device having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a light-emitting layer provided between the positive and negative electrodes and a sealing layer comprises the steps of: forming, by a coating method, the light-emitting layer by use of an iridium complex having an iridium atom making a center metal or the like; forming the positive or negative electrode; and forming the sealing layer. On condition that the light-emitting device in process of manufacturing is exposed to ozone between the start of the step of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the step of forming the sealing layer, an ozone concentration average value A(ppb), and an exposure time B(minutes) satisfy the following expression (1-1): 0≤A×B≤1000 (1-1).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a light emitting device.

  Organic electroluminescence elements (hereinafter also referred to as “light-emitting elements”) have high luminous efficiency and low driving voltage, and thus can be suitably used for display and lighting applications, and are actively researched and developed. Has been done. This light-emitting element includes organic layers such as a light-emitting layer and a charge transport layer. By using a material that is soluble in a solvent that can be used for manufacturing a light-emitting element, an organic layer can be formed by a coating method typified by an ink-jet printing method. Therefore, a light-emitting element using a soluble material The manufacturing method is being studied.

  A light-emitting element using a metal complex that emits light from a triplet excited state (phosphorescent light emission) in the light-emitting layer is higher than a light-emitting element that uses a fluorescent material that emits light from a singlet excited state (fluorescent light emission) in the light-emitting layer. The luminous efficiency is shown. Therefore, a method for manufacturing a light-emitting element using a metal complex that is soluble in a solvent that can be used for manufacturing the light-emitting element has been studied. For example, in Patent Document 1, using an iridium complex that is a metal complex that exhibits phosphorescence, a step of forming a light emitting layer by a coating method, a step of annealing the formed light emitting layer, and an annealed light emitting layer Describes a method of manufacturing a light emitting device including a step of depositing a cathode.

US Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0040136

  However, the light emitting device manufactured by the above method has not had sufficient luminous efficiency.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a light emitting element having excellent luminous efficiency.

  In a light-emitting element having an anode, a cathode, a light-emitting layer formed by a coating method using a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex or an iridium complex, and a sealing layer The product of the average value of the ozone concentration and the time when the light emitting device being manufactured is exposed to ozone during the period from the start of the process of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer. The present invention has been completed by finding that the value of affects the light emission efficiency of the light emitting element.

The anode,
A cathode,
A light emitting layer provided between the anode and the cathode;
A method for manufacturing a light emitting device having a sealing layer,
Forming a light-emitting layer by a coating method using an iridium complex whose central metal is an iridium atom, or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex whose central metal is an iridium atom;
Forming an anode or cathode; and
Forming a sealing layer,
Average value of ozone concentration: A (ppb) (manufacturing) when the light emitting device being manufactured is exposed to ozone from the start of the step of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the step of forming the sealing layer The average value of ozone concentration when the light emitting element in the inside is exposed to ozone) and time: B (minute) (time when the light emitting element in production is exposed to ozone) are expressed by the formula (1-1) The manufacturing method of the light emitting element which satisfy | fills.

0 ≦ A × B ≦ 1000 (1-1)

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing method of the light emitting element which is excellent in luminous efficiency can be provided. In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a light-emitting element having an excellent luminance life.

The relationship between the average value of the ozone concentration: A (ppb) and the time: B (minutes) and the normalized luminous efficiency is shown. The light emitting element C1 and the light emitting element C2 with respect to the light emitting element 1 are shown. (The luminous efficiency of the light emitting element 1 is normalized to 1.00), the light emitting element 3 and the light emitting element C3 for the light emitting element 2 (the luminous efficiency of the light emitting element 2 is normalized to 1.00), and the light emitting element 5 for the light emitting element 4 And the light emitting element C4 (the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting element 4 is normalized to 1.00), the light emitting element 7, the light emitting element 8 and the light emitting element C5 with respect to the light emitting element 6 (the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting element 6 is normalized to 1.00) The light emitting element 10, the light emitting element C6 and the light emitting element C7 with respect to the light emitting element 9 (the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting element 9 is normalized to 1.00), and the light emitting element C8 with respect to the light emitting element 11 (the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting element 11 is set to 1.00) Standardized), Each time, a light emitting element C9 and the light emitting element C10 to the light emitting element 12 (normalized to 1.00 the luminous efficiency of the light emitting element 12) which was shown, respectively.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

<Explanation of common terms>
Terms commonly used in this specification have the following meanings unless otherwise specified.

  Me represents a methyl group, Et represents an ethyl group, Bu represents a butyl group, i-Pr represents an isopropyl group, and t-Bu represents a tert-butyl group.

  The hydrogen atom may be a deuterium atom or a light hydrogen atom.

  In the formula representing the metal complex, the solid line representing the bond with the central metal means a covalent bond or a coordinate bond.

The “polymer compound” means a polymer having a molecular weight distribution and having a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 1 × 10 ³ to 1 × 10 ⁸ .

  The polymer compound may be any of a block copolymer, a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, and a graft copolymer, or other embodiments.

  The terminal group of the polymer compound is preferably a stable group because if the polymerization active group remains as it is, there is a possibility that the light emission characteristics or the luminance life may be lowered when the polymer compound is used for the production of a light emitting device. It is. The terminal group is preferably a group that is conjugated to the main chain, and examples thereof include a group that is bonded to an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group via a carbon-carbon bond.

“Low molecular weight compound” means a compound having no molecular weight distribution and a molecular weight of 1 × 10 ⁴ or less.

  “Structural unit” means one or more units present in a polymer compound.

The “alkyl group” may be linear or branched. The carbon atom number of a linear alkyl group is 1-50 normally without including the carbon atom number of a substituent, Preferably it is 3-30, More preferably, it is 4-20. The number of carbon atoms of the branched alkyl group is usually 3 to 50, preferably 3 to 30, and more preferably 4 to 20, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The alkyl group may have a substituent, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isoamyl group, 2-ethylbutyl group, Hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 3-propylheptyl group, decyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyl group, 2-ethyloctyl group, 2-hexyldecyl group, dodecyl group, and these Examples include groups in which the hydrogen atom in the group is substituted with a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, a fluorine atom, etc., for example, a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, Fluorohexyl group, perfluorooctyl group, 3-phenylpropyl group, 3- (4-methylphenyl) propyl group, 3- (3,5-di-hexyl group Ruphenyl) propyl group and 6-ethyloxyhexyl group.
The number of carbon atoms of the “cycloalkyl group” is usually 3 to 50, preferably 3 to 30 and more preferably 4 to 20 without including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The cycloalkyl group may have a substituent, and examples thereof include a cyclohexyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, and a cyclohexylethyl group.

“Aryl group” means an atomic group remaining after removing one hydrogen atom directly bonded to a carbon atom constituting a ring from an aromatic hydrocarbon. The carbon atom number of an aryl group is 6-60 normally without including the carbon atom number of a substituent, Preferably it is 6-20, More preferably, it is 6-10.
The aryl group may have a substituent, for example, phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthracenyl group, 2-anthracenyl group, 9-anthracenyl group, 1-pyrenyl group, 2 -Pyrenyl group, 4-pyrenyl group, 2-fluorenyl group, 3-fluorenyl group, 4-fluorenyl group, 2-phenylphenyl group, 3-phenylphenyl group, 4-phenylphenyl group, and hydrogen atoms in these groups Are groups substituted with an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, a fluorine atom, or the like.

The “alkoxy group” may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms of a linear alkoxy group is 1-40 normally without including the carbon number of a substituent, Preferably it is 4-10. The number of carbon atoms of the branched alkoxy group is usually 3 to 40, preferably 4 to 10, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The alkoxy group may have a substituent, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, isopropyloxy group, butyloxy group, isobutyloxy group, tert-butyloxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, Heptyloxy group, octyloxy group, 2-ethylhexyloxy group, nonyloxy group, decyloxy group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxy group, lauryloxy group, and the hydrogen atom in these groups is a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, And a group substituted with a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, a fluorine atom, or the like.
The number of carbon atoms of the “cycloalkoxy group” is usually 3 to 40, preferably 4 to 10, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The cycloalkoxy group may have a substituent, and examples thereof include a cyclohexyloxy group.

The number of carbon atoms of the “aryloxy group” is usually 6 to 60, preferably 7 to 48, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The aryloxy group may have a substituent, for example, a phenoxy group, 1-naphthyloxy group, 2-naphthyloxy group, 1-anthracenyloxy group, 9-anthracenyloxy group, 1- Examples include a pyrenyloxy group and a group in which a hydrogen atom in these groups is substituted with an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a fluorine atom, or the like.

“P-valent heterocyclic group” (p represents an integer of 1 or more) is a p-group of hydrogen atoms directly bonded to a carbon atom or a hetero atom constituting a ring from a heterocyclic compound. This means the remaining atomic group excluding the hydrogen atom. Among the p-valent heterocyclic groups, this is an atomic group obtained by removing p hydrogen atoms from an aromatic heterocyclic compound directly bonded to carbon atoms or heteroatoms constituting the ring. A “p-valent aromatic heterocyclic group” is preferable.
`` Aromatic heterocyclic compounds '' are oxadiazole, thiadiazole, thiazole, oxazole, thiophene, pyrrole, phosphole, furan, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, triazine, pyridazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, carbazole, dibenzophosphole, etc. A compound in which the ring itself exhibits aromaticity and a heterocyclic ring such as phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzoborol, dibenzosilol, and benzopyran itself does not exhibit aromaticity, but the aromatic ring is condensed to the heterocyclic ring. Means a compound.

The number of carbon atoms of the monovalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 60, preferably 4 to 20, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The monovalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent, for example, thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, pyridyl group, piperidinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, and these And a group in which the hydrogen atom in the group is substituted with an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, or the like.

  “Halogen atom” refers to a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.

The “amino group” may have a substituent, and a substituted amino group is preferable. As a substituent which an amino group has, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group is preferable.
Examples of the substituted amino group include a dialkylamino group, a dicycloalkylamino group, and a diarylamino group.
Examples of the amino group include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, diphenylamino group, bis (4-methylphenyl) amino group, bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) amino group, bis (3,5-di-tert- Butylphenyl) amino group.

The “alkenyl group” may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms of a linear alkenyl group is 2-30 normally without including the carbon atom number of a substituent, Preferably it is 3-20. The number of carbon atoms of the branched alkenyl group is usually 3 to 30, and preferably 4 to 20, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The number of carbon atoms of the “cycloalkenyl group” is usually 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 20, not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The alkenyl group and the cycloalkenyl group may have a substituent, for example, a vinyl group, a 1-propenyl group, a 2-propenyl group, a 2-butenyl group, a 3-butenyl group, a 3-pentenyl group, a 4-pentenyl group, Examples include a pentenyl group, a 1-hexynyl group, a 5-hexynyl group, a 7-octenyl group, and groups in which these groups have a substituent.

The “alkynyl group” may be linear or branched. The carbon atom number of an alkynyl group is 2-20 normally without including the carbon atom of a substituent, Preferably it is 3-20. The number of carbon atoms of the branched alkynyl group is usually 4 to 30, preferably 4 to 20, not including the carbon atom of the substituent.
The number of carbon atoms of the “cycloalkynyl group” is usually 4 to 30, preferably 4 to 20, not including the carbon atom of the substituent.
The alkynyl group and cycloalkynyl group may have a substituent, for example, ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 2-butynyl group, 3-butynyl group, 3-pentynyl group, 4- Examples include a pentynyl group, 1-hexynyl group, 5-hexynyl group, and groups in which these groups have a substituent.

The “arylene group” means an atomic group remaining after removing two hydrogen atoms directly bonded to a carbon atom constituting a ring from an aromatic hydrocarbon. The carbon atom number of an arylene group is 6-60 normally without including the carbon atom number of a substituent, Preferably it is 6-30, More preferably, it is 6-18.
The arylene group may have a substituent, for example, phenylene group, naphthalenediyl group, anthracenediyl group, phenanthrene diyl group, dihydrophenanthenediyl group, naphthacene diyl group, fluorenediyl group, pyrenediyl group, perylene diyl group, Examples include chrysenediyl groups and groups in which these groups have substituents, and groups represented by formula (A-1) to formula (A-20) are preferable. The arylene group includes a group in which a plurality of these groups are bonded.

［式中、ＲおよびＲ^aは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表す。複数存在するＲおよびＲ^aは、各々、同一でも異なっていてもよく、Ｒ^a同士は互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子と共に環を形成していてもよい。］

[Wherein, R and R ^a each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group. A plurality of R and R ^a may be the same or different, and R ^a may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded. ]

The number of carbon atoms of the divalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 20 and more preferably 4 to 15 without including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
The divalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent, for example, pyridine, diazabenzene, triazine, azanaphthalene, diazanaphthalene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, dibenzosilol, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, acridine, Divalent acridine, furan, thiophene, azole, diazole, and triazole include divalent groups obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from hydrogen atoms directly bonded to carbon atoms or heteroatoms constituting the ring, and preferably Is a group represented by formula (AA-1) to formula (AA-34).
The divalent heterocyclic group includes a group in which a plurality of these groups are bonded.

［式中、ＲおよびＲ^aは、前記と同じ意味を表す。］

[Wherein, R and R ^a represent the same meaning as described above. ]

  The “crosslinking group” is a group capable of generating a new bond by being subjected to heat treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, radical reaction or the like, and preferably has the formula (B-1)-(B-17 ). These groups may have a substituent.

  “Substituent” means a halogen atom, cyano group, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, aryloxy group, amino group, substituted amino group, alkenyl group. Represents a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group or a cycloalkynyl group. The substituent may be a crosslinking group.

  “Dendron” means a group having a regular dendritic branched structure (ie, a dendrimer structure) having an atom or a ring as a branching point. Examples of the compound having a dendron (hereinafter referred to as “dendrimer”) include, for example, International Publication No. 02/067343, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-231692, International Publication No. 2003/079736, International Publication No. 2006/097717. And the structure described in the literature.

  The dendron is preferably a group represented by the formula (D-A) or (D-B).

［式中、
ｍ^DA1、ｍ^DA2およびｍ^DA3は、それぞれ独立に、０以上の整数を表す。
Ｇ^DAは、窒素原子、芳香族炭化水素基または複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
Ａｒ^DA1、Ａｒ^DA2およびＡｒ^DA3は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基または２価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Ａｒ^DA1、Ａｒ^DA2およびＡｒ^DA3が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ｔ^DAは、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数あるＴ^DAは、同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
m ^DA1 , m ^DA2 and m ^DA3 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more.
^GDA represents a nitrogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
Ar ^DA1 , Ar ^DA2 and Ar ^DA3 each independently represent an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When there are a plurality of Ar ^DA1 , Ar ^DA2 and Ar ^DA3 , they may be the same or different.
^TDA represents an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. The plurality of ^TDAs may be the same or different. ]

［式中、
ｍ^DA1、ｍ^DA2、ｍ^DA3、ｍ^DA4、ｍ^DA5、ｍ^DA6およびｍ^DA7は、それぞれ独立に、０以上の整数を表す。
Ｇ^DAは、窒素原子、芳香族炭化水素基または複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数あるＧ^DAは、同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ａｒ^DA1、Ａｒ^DA2、Ａｒ^DA3、Ａｒ^DA4、Ａｒ^DA5、Ａｒ^DA6およびＡｒ^DA7は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基または２価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Ａｒ^DA1、Ａｒ^DA2、Ａｒ^DA3、Ａｒ^DA4、Ａｒ^DA5、Ａｒ^DA6およびＡｒ^DA7が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ｔ^DAは、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数あるＴ^DAは、同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
^{m DA1, m DA2, m DA3} , m DA4, m DA5, m DA6 and m ^DA7 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more.
^GDA represents a nitrogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. A plurality of ^GDAs may be the same or different.
Ar ^DA1 , Ar ^DA2 , Ar ^DA3 , Ar ^DA4 , Ar ^DA5 , Ar ^DA6 and Ar ^DA7 each independently represent an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent. Good. When there are a plurality of Ar ^DA1 , Ar ^DA2 , Ar ^DA3 , Ar ^DA4 , Ar ^DA5 , Ar ^DA6 and Ar ^DA7 , they may be the same or different.
^TDA represents an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. The plurality of ^TDAs may be the same or different. ]

m ^DA1 , m ^DA2 , m ^DA3 , m ^DA4 , m ^DA5 , m ^DA6 and m ^DA7 are usually an integer of 10 or less, preferably an integer of 5 or less, more preferably 0 or 1. m ^DA1 , m ^DA2 , m ^DA3 , m ^DA4 , m ^DA5 , m ^DA6 and m ^DA7 are preferably the same integer.

G ^DA is preferably a group represented by the formula (GDA-11) ~ (GDA -15), these groups may have a substituent.

［式中、
＊は、式(D-A)におけるＡｒ^DA1、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA1、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA2、または、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA3との結合を表す。
＊＊は、式(D-A)におけるＡｒ^DA2、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA2、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA4、または、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA6との結合を表す。
＊＊＊は、式(D-A)におけるＡｒ^DA3、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA3、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA5、または、式(D-B)におけるＡｒ^DA7との結合を表す。
Ｒ^DAは、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は更に置換基を有していてもよい。Ｒ^DAが複数ある場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
* Is, Ar ^DA1 in the formula (DA), Ar ^DA1 in the formula (DB), Ar in formula (DB) ^DA2, or represents a bond between Ar ^DA3 in the formula (DB).
** is, Ar ^DA2 in the formula (DA), Ar ^DA2 in the formula (DB), or Ar ^DA4, in the formula (DB), represents a bond between Ar ^DA6 in the formula (DB).
*** is, Ar ^DA3 in the formula (DA), Ar ^DA3 in the formula (DB), or Ar ^DA5, in the formula (DB), represents a bond between Ar ^DA7 in formula (DB).
R ^DA represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may further have a substituent. When there are a plurality of ^RDA , they may be the same or different. ]

R ^DA is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and these groups have a substituent. May be.

Ar ^DA1 , Ar ^DA2 , Ar ^DA3 , Ar ^DA4 , Ar ^DA5 , Ar ^DA6 and Ar ^DA7 are preferably groups represented by the formulas (ArDA-1) to (ArDA-3).

［式中、
Ｒ^DAは前記と同じ意味を表す。
Ｒ^DBは、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Ｒ^DBが複数ある場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
R ^DA represents the same meaning as described above.
R ^DB represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent. When there are a plurality of ^RDBs , they may be the same or different. ]

R ^DB is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and still more preferably an aryl group.

T ^DA is preferably a group represented by the formula (TDA-1) ~ (TDA -3).

［式中、Ｒ^DAおよびＲ^DBは前記と同じ意味を表す。］

[Wherein, R ^DA and R ^DB represent the same meaning as described above. ]

  The group represented by the formula (D-A) is preferably a group represented by the formulas (D-A1) to (D-A3).

［式中、
Ｒ^p1、Ｒ^p2およびＲ^p3は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基またはハロゲン原子を表す。Ｒ^p1およびＲ^p2が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
ｎｐ１は、０〜５の整数を表し、ｎｐ２は０〜３の整数を表し、ｎｐ３は０または１を表す。複数あるｎｐ１は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
R ^p1 , R ^p2 and R ^p3 each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group or a halogen atom. When there are a plurality of R ^p1 and R ^p2 , they may be the same or different.
np1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, np2 represents an integer of 0 to 3, and np3 represents 0 or 1. A plurality of np1 may be the same or different. ]

  The group represented by the formula (D-B) is preferably a group represented by the formulas (D-B1) to (D-B3).

［式中、
Ｒ^p1、Ｒ^p2およびＲ^p3は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基またはハロゲン原子を表す。Ｒ^p1およびＲ^p2が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ｎｐ１は０〜５の整数を表し、ｎｐ２は０〜３の整数を表し、ｎｐ３は０または１を表す。ｎｐ１およびｎｐ２が複数ある場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
R ^p1 , R ^p2 and R ^p3 each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group or a halogen atom. When there are a plurality of R ^p1 and R ^p2 , they may be the same or different.
np1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, np2 represents an integer of 0 to 3, and np3 represents 0 or 1. When there are a plurality of np1 and np2, they may be the same or different. ]

  np1 is preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 1. np2 is preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0. np3 is preferably 0.

R ^p1 , R ^p2 and R ^p3 are preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.

<Method for manufacturing light-emitting element>
The present invention
The anode,
A cathode,
A light emitting layer provided between the anode and the cathode;
A method for manufacturing a light emitting device having a sealing layer,
Forming a light-emitting layer by a coating method using an iridium complex whose central metal is an iridium atom, or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex whose central metal is an iridium atom;
Forming an anode or cathode; and
Forming a sealing layer,
Average value of ozone concentration: A (ppb) (manufacturing) when the light emitting device being manufactured is exposed to ozone from the start of the step of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the step of forming the sealing layer The average value of ozone concentration when the light emitting element in the inside is exposed to ozone) and time: B (minute) (time when the light emitting element in production is exposed to ozone) are expressed by the formula (1-1) It is a manufacturing method of the light emitting element which satisfy | fills.

0 ≦ A × B ≦ 1000 (1-1)

Since the light emitting element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention is excellent in luminous efficiency and luminance life, A and B preferably satisfy formula (1-2), and more preferably satisfy formula (1-3). It is more preferable that the formula (1-4) is satisfied.

0 ≦ A × B ≦ 100 (1-2)
0 ≦ A × B ≦ 50 (1-3)
0 ≦ A × B ≦ 30 (1-4)

A preferably satisfies the formula (2-1), more preferably satisfies the formula (2-2), and still more preferably satisfies the formula (2-3).

0 ≦ A ≦ 30 (2-1)
0 ≦ A ≦ 3 (2-2)
0 ≦ A ≦ 1 (2-3)

B preferably satisfies formula (3-0), more preferably satisfies formula (3-1), and still more preferably satisfies formula (3-2).

0 ≦ B ≦ 1000 (3-0)
0 ≦ B ≦ 30 (3-1)
0 ≦ B ≦ 20 (3-2)

  In the method for manufacturing a light-emitting element of the present invention, the average ozone concentration: A (ppb) is low in the environment from the start of the step of forming the light-emitting layer to the end of the step of forming the sealing layer ( Specifically, it is preferably performed in an environment satisfying the formula (2-1). Therefore, it is preferable that the process is performed in an indoor environment in which an ozone filter is installed at the outside air intake port from the start of the process of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer. Examples of the ozone filter include a chemical filter, and more specifically, a chemical filter using activated carbon and a chemical filter using a catalyst, and further reducing the average value of ozone concentration: A (ppb). Therefore, a chemical filter using activated carbon is preferable.

  The average value of ozone concentration: A (ppb) from the start of the step of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the step of forming the sealing layer can be measured using an ozone concentration measuring device. .

<Light emitting layer>
In the method for manufacturing a light-emitting element of the present invention, the light-emitting layer is formed by a coating method using an ink containing a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex or an iridium complex. Examples of coating methods include spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, spray coating, screen printing, and flexographic printing. Method, offset printing method, ink jet printing method, capillary coating method, nozzle coating method, and spin coating method, nozzle coating method or ink jet printing method are preferable.

  The viscosity of the ink may be adjusted according to the type of coating method. However, when ink is applied to a printing method such as an ink jet printing method that passes through a discharge device, in order to prevent clogging and flight bending at the time of discharge. It is preferably 1 to 20 mPa · s at 25 ° C.

  The solvent contained in the ink is preferably a solvent that can dissolve or uniformly disperse solids in the ink (an iridium complex or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex). Examples of the solvent include chlorine solvents such as 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, anisole and 4-methylanisole; toluene, Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, n-hexylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene; cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n- Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as decane, n-dodecane, and bicyclohexyl; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and acetophenone; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, methyl benzoate, and phenyl acetate Solvents: ethylene glycol, rubber Polyhydric alcohol solvents such as serine and 1,2-hexanediol; alcohol solvents such as isopropyl alcohol and cyclohexanol; sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide and the like And amide solvents. A solvent may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.

  In the ink, the amount of the solvent is usually 1000 to 100,000 parts by weight, preferably 2000 to 20000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the iridium complex or the polymer compound containing the structural unit derived from the iridium complex. is there.

  The thickness of the light emitting layer is usually 1 nm to 10 μm.

[Iridium Complex]
The ligand of the iridium complex is a neutral or anionic monodentate ligand that forms at least one bond selected from the group consisting of a coordination bond and a covalent bond with the iridium atom, or Examples are neutral or anionic polydentate ligands. Examples of the bond between the iridium atom and the ligand include a metal-nitrogen bond, a metal-carbon bond, a metal-oxygen bond, a metal-phosphorus bond, a metal-sulfur bond, and a metal-halogen bond. The multidentate ligand usually means a bidentate to hexadentate ligand.

Iridium complexes are available from Aldrich, Luminescence Technology Corp. Available from the American Dye Source.
In addition to the methods described above, “Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 107, 1431-1432 (1985)”, “Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 106, 6664, 66, 664”. It can also be produced by a known method described in documents such as Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011/024761, International Publication No. 2002/44189, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-188673.

  The iridium complex is preferably an iridium complex represented by the formula (4).

［式中、
ｎ¹は１以上の整数を表し、ｎ²は０以上の整数を表し、ｎ¹＋ｎ²は３である。
Ｅ¹およびＥ²は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子または窒素原子を表す。但し、Ｅ¹およびＥ²の少なくとも一方は炭素原子である。
環Ｒ¹は、５員環または６員環の芳香族複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環Ｒ¹が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。但し、環Ｒ¹が６員環の芳香族複素環である場合、Ｅ¹は炭素原子である。
環Ｒ²は、５員環もしくは６員環の芳香族炭化水素環、または、５員環もしくは６員環の芳香族複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。環Ｒ²が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。但し、環Ｒ²が６員環の芳香族複素環である場合、Ｅ²は炭素原子である。
Ａ¹−Ｇ¹−Ａ²は、アニオン性の２座配位子を表す。Ａ¹およびＡ²は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子、酸素原子または窒素原子を表し、これらの原子は環を構成する原子であってもよい。Ｇ¹は、単結合、または、Ａ¹およびＡ²とともに２座配位子を構成する原子団を表す。Ａ¹−Ｇ¹−Ａ²が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
n ¹ represents an integer of 1 or more, n ² represents an integer of 0 or more, and n ¹ + n ² is 3.
E ¹ and E ² each independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom. However, at least one of E ¹ and E ² is a carbon atom.
Ring R ¹ represents a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, and these rings may have a substituent. When a plurality of such substituents are present, they may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded. When a plurality of rings R ¹ are present, they may be the same or different. However, when the ring R ¹ is a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, E ¹ is a carbon atom.
Ring R ² represents a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, or a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle, and these rings optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of such substituents are present, they may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded. When a plurality of rings R ² are present, they may be the same or different. However, when the ring R ² is a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, E ² is a carbon atom.
A ¹ -G ¹ -A ² represents an anionic bidentate ligand. A ¹ and A ² each independently represent a carbon atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, and these atoms may be atoms constituting a ring. G ¹ represents a single bond or an atomic group constituting a bidentate ligand together with A ¹ and A ² . When a plurality of A ¹ -G ¹ -A ² are present, they may be the same or different. ]

n ¹ is preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3.

E ¹ and E ² are preferably carbon atoms.

Ring R ¹ is preferably a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, an imidazole ring or a triazole ring, and these rings may have a substituent.

Ring R ² is preferably a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, fluorene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyridine ring, diazabenzene ring or triazine ring, more preferably a benzene ring, a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring. It may have a substituent.

At least one ring selected from the group consisting of ring R ¹ and ring R ² preferably has an aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group or substituted amino group as a substituent, and the aryl group or monovalent heterocyclic group As a substituent, and more preferably an aryl group as a substituent. The aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group are preferably dendrons.

In the case where at least one ring selected from the group consisting of ring R ¹ and ring R ² has an aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group or substituted amino group as a substituent, the ring R ¹ and ring R ² are When there are a plurality of rings, all of the plurality of rings R ¹ , all of the plurality of rings R ² , or all of the plurality of rings R ¹ and R ² are all aryl groups, monovalent heterocyclic groups or substituted It is preferable to have an amino group as a substituent, and it is more preferable that all of the plural rings R ² have an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group as a substituent.

Examples of the anionic bidentate ligand represented by A ¹ -G ¹ -A ² include the ligands represented by the following.

［式中、＊は、イリジウム原子と結合する部位を示す。］

[In formula, * shows the site | part couple | bonded with an iridium atom. ]

  The iridium complex represented by the formula (4) includes an iridium complex represented by the formula (4-A1), an iridium complex represented by the formula (4-A2), and an iridium complex represented by the formula (4-A3). And an iridium complex represented by the formula (4-A4), an iridium complex represented by the formula (4-B1), an iridium complex represented by the formula (4-B2), or a formula (4-B3). It is preferably an iridium complex, an iridium complex represented by the formula (4-A1), an iridium complex represented by the formula (4-A3), a metal complex represented by the formula (4-B1), a formula (4 -B2) or a metal complex represented by formula (4-B3) is more preferable, and an iridium complex represented by formula (4-A1), represented by formula (4-A3) An iridium complex, a metal complex represented by the formula (4-B1) It is more preferable, and particularly preferably a metal complex represented by formula (4-B1).

［式中、
ｎ¹、ｎ²およびＡ¹−Ｇ¹−Ａ²は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
Ｒ^11A、Ｒ^12A、Ｒ^13A、Ｒ^21A、Ｒ^22A、Ｒ^23AおよびＲ^24Aは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、１価の複素環基、置換アミノ基またはハロゲン原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Ｒ^11A、Ｒ^12A、Ｒ^13A、Ｒ^21A、Ｒ^22A、Ｒ^23AおよびＲ^24Aが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。Ｒ^11AとＲ^12A、Ｒ^12AとＲ^13A、Ｒ^11AとＲ^21A、Ｒ^21AとＲ^22A、Ｒ^22AとＲ^23A、および、Ｒ^23AとＲ^24Aは、それぞれ結合して、それぞれが結合する原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。］

[Where:
n ^1, n ² and A ¹ -G ¹ -A ² are as defined above.
R ^11A , R ^12A , R ^13A , R ^21A , R ^22A , R ^23A and R ^24A are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, aryl group, aryloxy group, It represents a monovalent heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group, or a halogen atom, and these groups may have a substituent. When a plurality of R ^11A , R ^12A , R ^13A , R ^21A , R ^22A , R ^23A and R ^24A are present, they may be the same or different. R ^11A and R ^12A , R ^12A and R ^13A , R ^11A and R ^21A , R ^21A and R ^22A , R ^22A and R ^23A , and R ^23A and R ^24A are bonded to each other together with the atoms to which they are bonded. A ring may be formed. ]

In formula (4-A1), R ^11A is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent group. The heterocyclic group is more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. The aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group are preferably dendrons.
In formula (4-A1), R ^13A is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group. More preferably, it is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.

In formula (4-A2), R ^12A is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent group. The heterocyclic group is more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. The aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group are preferably dendrons.
In formula (4-A2), R ^13A is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group. More preferably, it is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.

In formula (4-A3), R ^11A is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent group. The heterocyclic group is more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. The aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group are preferably dendrons.
In the formula (4-A3), R ^12A and R ^13A are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or An aryl group is more preferable, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group is still more preferable.

In formula (4-A4), R ^12A is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent group. The heterocyclic group is more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. The aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group are preferably dendrons.
In the formula (4-A4), R ^11A and R ^13A are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or An aryl group is more preferable, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group is still more preferable.

R ^21A , R ^22A , R ^23A and R ^24A are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group. Are more preferably a hydrogen atom, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or an aryl group. The aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group are preferably dendrons.

When at least one selected from the group consisting of R ^21A , R ^22A , R ^23A and R ^24A is an aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group or substituted amino group, R ^22A or R ^23A is an aryl group, monovalent group ^Are preferably a heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and R ^22A is more preferably an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group.

［式中、
ｎ¹、ｎ²およびＡ¹−Ｇ¹−Ａ²は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
ｎ¹¹は１以上の整数を表し、ｎ¹²は１以上の整数を表し、ｎ¹¹＋ｎ¹²は３である。
Ｒ^11B、Ｒ^12B、Ｒ^13B、Ｒ^14B、Ｒ^15B、Ｒ^16B、Ｒ^17B、Ｒ^18B、Ｒ^21B、Ｒ^22B、Ｒ^23BおよびＲ^24Bは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、１価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Ｒ^11B、Ｒ^12B、Ｒ^13B、Ｒ^14B、Ｒ^15B、Ｒ^16B、Ｒ^17B、Ｒ^18B、Ｒ^21B、Ｒ^22B、Ｒ^23BおよびＲ^24Bが複数存在する場合、それらはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。Ｒ^11BとＲ^12B、Ｒ^12BとＲ^13B、Ｒ^13BとＲ^14B、Ｒ^13BとＲ^15B、Ｒ^15BとＲ^16B、Ｒ^16BとＲ^17B、Ｒ^17BとＲ^18B、Ｒ^11BとＲ^21B、Ｒ^18BとＲ^21B、Ｒ^21BとＲ^22B、Ｒ^22BとＲ^23B、および、Ｒ^23BとＲ^24Bは、それぞれ結合して、それぞれが結合する炭素原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。］

[Where:
n ^1, n ² and A ¹ -G ¹ -A ² are as defined above.
n ¹¹ represents an integer of 1 or more, n ¹² represents an integer of 1 or more, and n ¹¹ + n ¹² is 3.
R ^11B , R ^12B , R ^13B , R ^14B , R ^15B , R ^16B , R ^17B , R ^18B , R ^21B , R ^22B , R ^23B and R ^24B are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group Represents an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, or a halogen atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When there are a plurality of R ^11B , R ^12B , R ^13B , R ^14B , R ^15B , R ^16B , R ^17B , R ^18B , R ^21B , R ^22B , R ^23B and R ^24B , they may be the same or different. Good. R ^11B and R ^12B , R ^12B and R ^13B , R ^13B and R ^14B , R ^13B and R ^15B , R ^15B and R ^16B , R ^16B and R ^17B , R ^17B and R ^18B , R ^11B and R ^21B , R ^18B And R ^21B , R ^21B and R ^22B , R ^22B and R ^23B , and R ^23B and R ^24B may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded. ]

R ^11B , R ^12B , R ^13B , R ^14B , R ^15B , R ^16B , R ^17B and R ^18B are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group. It is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group. The aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group are preferably dendrons.

When at least one selected from the group consisting of R ^11B , R ^12B , R ^13B , R ^14B , R ^15B , R ^16B , R ^17B and R ^18B is an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, R ^11B , R ^12B or R ^13B is preferably an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and R ^11B or R ^13B is an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group. More preferably, R ^13B is more preferably an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group.

R ^21B , R ^22B , R ^23B and R ^24B are each preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and a hydrogen atom, an aryl group, a monovalent group Are more preferably a hydrogen atom, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or an aryl group. The aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group and substituted amino group are preferably dendrons.

When at least one selected from the group consisting of R ^21B , R ^22B , R ^23B and R ^24B is an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, R ^22B or R ^23B is an aryl group, a monovalent group ^Are preferably a heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group, and R ^22B is more preferably an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a substituted amino group.

  As an iridium complex represented by Formula (4), the iridium complex represented by the following is mentioned, for example.

  Examples of the iridium complex include JP-T-2004-530254, JP-A-2008-179617, JP-A-2011-105701, JP-T-2007-504272, JP-A-2013-147449, JP-A-2013-. It can synthesize | combine according to the method described in 147450 gazette.

  In the method for producing a light emitting device of the present invention, the iridium complex may be used alone or in combination of two or more for forming the light emitting layer. By using two or more kinds of iridium complexes having different maximum peak wavelengths in the emission spectrum, the emission color can be adjusted, and a white light emitting element can be manufactured.

  The polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex is a polymer compound containing a structural unit having a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from an iridium complex, and is represented by the formula (4) A polymer compound containing a structural unit having a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from is preferable.

Examples of the structural unit derived from the iridium complex include an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group having, as a substituent, a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an iridium complex, or a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an iridium complex. And a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an iridium complex and a group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from an iridium complex.
When the structural unit derived from the iridium complex is a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the iridium complex, the polymer compound containing the structural unit derived from the iridium complex includes this structural unit as a terminal structural unit. . When the structural unit derived from the iridium complex is a group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from the iridium complex, the polymer compound containing the structural unit derived from the iridium complex branches at the position of this structural unit. ing.

  The polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex is at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by the following formula (Y) and a structural unit represented by the formula (X) It is preferable that a structural unit represented by the formula (Y) is included.

  In the method for producing a light-emitting device of the present invention, the light-emitting layer may be formed by using one kind of polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex alone or in combination of two or more kinds. By using together structural units derived from two or more iridium complexes having different maximum peak wavelengths in the emission spectrum (even if one kind of polymer compound is used alone, two or more kinds of polymer compounds are used in combination. It is also possible to adjust the emission color, and it is also possible to manufacture a white light emitting element.

[Host material]
Since the light-emitting element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention is more excellent in luminous efficiency, the light-emitting layer includes an iridium complex or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex, a hole injection property, and a hole transport property. It is preferably formed by a coating method using an ink containing a host material having at least one function selected from the group consisting of electron injection properties and electron transport properties. In an ink containing an iridium complex or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex and a host material, the host material may be contained singly or in combination of two or more. .

  In the ink containing an iridium complex or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex and a host material, the content of the polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex or an iridium complex is the iridium complex. Or when the total of the polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex and the host material is 100 parts by weight, it is usually 0.1 to 80 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 70 parts by weight. And more preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight.

The lowest excited triplet state (T ₁ ) of the host material is superior in luminous efficiency of the light-emitting element produced by the production method of the present invention, and therefore a polymer compound containing a iridium complex or a structural unit derived from an iridium complex It is preferable that the energy level is equal to or higher than the T ₁ possessed by.

  Host materials are classified into low molecular compounds and high molecular compounds.

  The low molecular weight compound used for the host material includes a compound having a carbazole structure, a compound having a triarylamine structure, a compound having a phenanthroline structure, a compound having a triaryltriazine structure, a compound having an azole structure, and a benzothiophene structure Examples thereof include compounds, compounds having a benzofuran structure; compounds having a fluorene structure, compounds having a spirofluorene structure, and the like.

  The low molecular compound used for the host material is preferably a compound represented by the formula (H-1).

［式中、
Ａｒ^H1およびＡｒ^H2は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
ｎ^H1およびｎ^H2は、それぞれ独立に、０または１を表す。ｎ^H1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。複数存在するｎ^H2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ｎ^H3は、０以上の整数を表す。
Ｌ^H1は、アリーレン基、２価の複素環基、または、−［Ｃ（Ｒ^H11）₂］ｎ^H11−で表される基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Ｌ^H1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ｎ^H11は、１以上１０以下の整数を表す。Ｒ^H11は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するＲ^H11は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する炭素原子とともに環を形成していてもよい。
Ｌ^H2は、−Ｎ（−Ｌ^H21−Ｒ^H21）−で表される基を表す。Ｌ^H2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ｌ^H21は、単結合、アリーレン基または２価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。Ｒ^H21は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。］

[Where:
Ar ^H1 and Ar ^H2 each independently represent an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
n ^H1 and n ^H2 each independently represents 0 or 1. When a plurality of n ^H1 are present, they may be the same or different. A plurality of n ^H2 may be the same or different.
n ^H3 represents an integer of 0 or more.
L ^H1 represents an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, or a group represented by — [C (R ^H11 ) ₂ ] n ^H11 —, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of L ^H1 are present, they may be the same or different.
n ^H11 represents an integer of 1 to 10. R ^H11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. A plurality of R ^H11 may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atom to which each is bonded.
L ^H2 represents a group represented by —N (—L ^H21 —R ^H21 ) —. When a plurality of L ^H2 are present, they may be the same or different.
L ^H21 represents a single bond, an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. R ^H21 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. ]

Ar ^H1 and Ar ^H2 are phenyl group, fluorenyl group, spirobifluorenyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, thienyl group, benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, furyl group, benzofuryl Group, dibenzofuryl group, pyrrolyl group, indolyl group, azaindolyl group, carbazolyl group, azacarbazolyl group, diazacarbazolyl group, phenoxazinyl group or phenothiazinyl group, phenyl group, spirobifluorenyl group, It is more preferably a pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, dibenzothienyl group, dibenzofuryl group, carbazolyl group or azacarbazolyl group, preferably a phenyl group, pyridyl group, carbazolyl group or azacarbazolyl group. And particularly preferably a group represented by the above formula (TDA-1) or (TDA-3), particularly preferably a group represented by the above formula (TDA-3). May have a substituent.

As the substituent that Ar ^H1 and Ar ^H2 may have, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group is preferable, and an alkyl group, a cyclo An alkoxy group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group is more preferable, an alkyl group or a cycloalkoxy group is more preferable, and these groups may further have a substituent.

n ^H1 is preferably 1. n ^H2 is preferably 0.

n ^H3 is generally an integer of 0 or more and 10 or less, preferably an integer of 0 or more and 5 or less, more preferably an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less, and particularly preferably 1.

n ^H11 is preferably an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less, more preferably an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less, and even more preferably 1.

R ^H11 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group It is more preferable that these groups may have a substituent.

L ^H1 is preferably an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group.

L ^H1 represents formulas (A-1) to (A-3), formulas (A-8) to (A-10), formulas (AA-1) to (AA-6), and formulas (AA-10) to It is preferably a group represented by (AA-21) or formulas (AA-24) to (AA-34), and is represented by formula (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (A-8), Group represented by Formula (A-9), Formula (AA-1) to (AA-4), Formula (AA-10) to (AA-15), or Formula (AA-29) to (AA-34) It is more preferable that Formula (A-1), Formula (A-2), Formula (A-8), Formula (A-9), Formula (AA-2), Formula (AA-4), Formula It is more preferable that it is group represented by (AA-10)-(AA-15), Formula (A-1), Formula (A-2), Formula (A-8), Formula (AA-2) , Formula (AA-4), Formula (AA-10), Formula (AA-12) or Formula ( The group represented by A-14) is particularly preferred, and is represented by formula (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (AA-2), formula (AA-4) or formula (AA-14). It is especially preferable that it is group represented by these.

As the substituent that L ^H1 may have, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group is preferable, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group A group or a monovalent heterocyclic group is more preferable, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group is more preferable, and these groups may further have a substituent.

L ^H21 is preferably a single bond or an arylene group, more preferably a single bond, and this arylene group may have a substituent.

The definition and examples of the arylene group or divalent heterocyclic group represented by L ^H21 are the same as the definitions and examples of the arylene group or divalent heterocyclic group represented by L ^H1 .

R ^H21 is preferably an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.

Definitions and examples of the aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group represented by R ^H21 are the same as those of the aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^H1 and Ar ^H2 .

Definitions and examples of the substituent that R ^H21 may have are the same as the definitions and examples of the substituent that Ar ^H1 and Ar ^H2 may have.

  The compound represented by the formula (H-1) is preferably a compound represented by the formula (H-2).

［式中、Ａｒ^H1、Ａｒ^H2、ｎ^H3およびＬ^H1は、前記と同じ意味を表す。］

[Wherein Ar ^H1 , Ar ^H2 , n ^H3 and L ^H1 represent the same meaning as described above. ]

  Examples of the compound represented by the formula (H-1) include compounds represented by the following formulas (H-101) to (H-118).

  Examples of the polymer compound used for the host material include a polymer compound that is a hole transport material described later and a polymer compound that is an electron transport material described later.

[Polymer host]
A polymer compound preferable as the host compound (hereinafter referred to as “polymer host”) will be described.

  The polymer host is preferably a polymer compound containing a structural unit represented by the formula (Y).

［式中、Ａｒ^Y1は、アリーレン基、２価の複素環基、または、少なくとも１種のアリーレン基と少なくとも１種の２価の複素環基とが直接結合した２価の基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。］

[In the formula, Ar ^Y1 represents an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, or a divalent group in which at least one arylene group and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded, and these This group may have a substituent. ]

The arylene group represented by Ar ^Y1 is more preferably the formula (A-1), the formula (A-2), the formula (A-6)-(A-10), the formula (A-19) or the formula (A A-20), more preferably a group represented by formula (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (A-7), formula (A-9) or formula (A-19) These groups may have a substituent.

The divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^Y1 is more preferably a formula (AA-1)-(AA-4), a formula (AA-10)-(AA-15), a formula (AA-18) -(AA-21), a group represented by formula (AA-33) or formula (AA-34), and more preferably a group represented by formula (AA-4), formula (AA-10), formula (AA- 12) a group represented by formula (AA-14) or formula (AA-33), and these groups may have a substituent.

More preferable range of the arylene group and the divalent heterocyclic group in the divalent group in which at least one arylene group represented by Ar ^Y1 and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded, and further preferable. The ranges are the same as the more preferable ranges and further preferable ranges of the above-mentioned arylene group and divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^Y1 .

  Examples of the “divalent group in which at least one arylene group and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded” include groups represented by the following formulas, which have a substituent. You may do it.

［式中、Ｒ^XXは、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。］

[Wherein R ^XX represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. ]

R ^XX is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.

The substituent that the group represented by Ar ^Y1 may have is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups may further have a substituent.

  Examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (Y) include structural units represented by the formulas (Y-1)-(Y-10), and the luminance of the light-emitting element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention. From the viewpoint of lifetime, it is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-1)-(Y-3), and preferably from the viewpoint of electron transport properties of the light emitting device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention. Is a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-4)-(Y-7), and from the viewpoint of the hole transportability of the light-emitting device produced by the production method of the present invention, preferably the formula (Y-8 )-(Y-10).

［式中、Ｒ^Y1は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するＲ^Y1は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、隣接するＲ^Y1同士は互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する炭素原子と共に環を形成していてもよい。］

[Wherein R ^Y1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. . A plurality of R ^Y1 may be the same or different, and adjacent R ^Y1 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atom to which each is bonded. ]

R ^Y1 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.

  The structural unit represented by the formula (Y-1) may be a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-1 ′).

［式中、Ｒ^Y11は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するＲ^Y11は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Wherein, R ^Y11 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. A plurality of R ^Y11 may be the same or different. ]

R ^Y11 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.

［式中、
Ｒ^Y1は前記と同じ意味を表す。
Ｘ^Y1は、−Ｃ(Ｒ^Y2)₂−、−Ｃ(Ｒ^Y2)＝Ｃ(Ｒ^Y2)−または−Ｃ(Ｒ^Y2)₂−Ｃ(Ｒ^Y2)₂−で表される基を表す。Ｒ^Y2は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するＲ^Y2は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、Ｒ^Y2同士は互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する炭素原子と共に環を形成していてもよい。］

[Where:
R ^Y1 represents the same meaning as described above.
X ^{Y1 _{is, -C (R Y2) 2 -}} , - represents a group represented by ^{- C (R Y2) = C} (R Y2) - or _{^{-C (R Y2) 2 -C (}} R Y2) 2. R ^Y2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent. A plurality of R ^Y2 may be the same or different, and R ^Y2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atom to which each is bonded. ]

R ^Y2 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, and these groups have a substituent. You may do it.

In X ^Y1 , the combination of two R ^{Y2 in} the group represented by —C (R ^Y2 ) ₂ — is preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, both are aryl groups, and both are monovalent complex A cyclic group, or one is an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group and the other is an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably one is an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group and the other is an aryl group. May have a substituent. Two R ^{Y2 s} may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which they are bonded, and when R ^Y2 forms a ring, the group represented by —C (R ^Y2 ) ₂ — Is preferably a group represented by the formula (Y-A1)-(Y-A5), more preferably a group represented by the formula (Y-A4), and these groups have a substituent. It may be.

In X ^Y1 , the combination of two R ^{Y2 in} the group represented by —C (R ^Y2 ) ═C (R ^Y2 ) — is preferably both an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, or one of which is an alkyl group Alternatively, a cycloalkyl group and the other is an aryl group, and these groups may have a substituent.

In X ^Y1 , four R ^Y2 in the group represented by —C (R ^Y2 ) ₂ —C (R ^Y2 ) ₂ — are preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent. It is. A plurality of R ^Y2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded. When R ^Y2 forms a ring, —C (R ^Y2 ) ₂ —C (R ^Y2 ) ₂ — The group represented is preferably a group represented by the formula (Y-B1)-(Y-B5), more preferably a group represented by the formula (Y-B3), and these groups are substituted. It may have a group.

［式中、Ｒ^Y2は前記と同じ意味を表す。］

[Wherein, R ^Y2 represents the same meaning as described above. ]

  The structural unit represented by the formula (Y-2) may be a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-2 ′).

［式中、Ｒ^Y1およびＸ^Y1は前記と同じ意味を表す。］

[Wherein, R ^Y1 and X ^Y1 represent the same meaning as described above. ]

［式中、Ｒ^Y1およびＸ^Y1は前記と同じ意味を表す。］

[Wherein, R ^Y1 and X ^Y1 represent the same meaning as described above. ]

  The structural unit represented by the formula (Y-3) may be a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-3 ′).

［式中、Ｒ^Y11およびＸ^Y1は前記と同じ意味を表す。］

[Wherein, R ^Y11 and X ^Y1 represent the same meaning as described above. ]

［式中、Ｒ^Y1は前記と同じ意味を表す。Ｒ^Y3は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。］

[Wherein, R ^Y1 represents the same meaning as described above. R ^Y3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent. ]

R ^Y3 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group, and these groups have a substituent. May be.

  The structural unit represented by the formula (Y-4) may be a structural unit represented by the formula (Y-4 ′), and the structural unit represented by the formula (Y-6) may be represented by the formula (Y -6 ').

［式中、Ｒ^Y1およびＲ^Y3は前記と同じ意味を表す。］

[Wherein, R ^Y1 and R ^Y3 represent the same meaning as described above. ]

［式中、Ｒ^Y1は前記を同じ意味を表す。Ｒ^Y4は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。］

[Wherein, R ^Y1 represents the same meaning as described above. R ^Y4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. ]

R ^Y4 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group, and these groups have a substituent. May be.

  As the structural unit represented by the formula (Y), for example, a structural unit comprising an arylene group represented by the formula (Y-101)-(Y-121), a formula (Y-201)-(Y-206) A structural unit consisting of a divalent heterocyclic group represented by the formula: at least one arylene group represented by the formula (Y-301)-(Y-304) and at least one divalent heterocyclic group: Examples thereof include a structural unit composed of a divalent group directly bonded.

The constitutional unit represented by the formula (Y), wherein Ar ^Y1 is an arylene group, is excellent in the luminance life of the light emitting device produced by the production method of the present invention. Preferably it is 0.5-80 mol% with respect to the total amount of a unit, More preferably, it is 30-60 mol%.

A structural unit represented by formula (Y), wherein Ar ^Y1 is a divalent heterocyclic group, or at least one arylene group and at least one divalent heterocyclic group directly bonded to each other. The structural unit that is a group is preferably 0.5 to 30 mol% based on the total amount of the structural units contained in the polymer compound because the light-emitting element produced by the production method of the present invention has excellent charge transportability. More preferably, it is 3 to 20 mol%.

  One type of structural unit represented by the formula (Y) may be contained in the polymer host, or two or more types may be contained.

  Since the polymer host is excellent in hole transport property, it is preferable that the polymer host further includes a structural unit represented by the following formula (X).

［式中、
ａ^X1およびａ^X2は、それぞれ独立に、０以上の整数を表す。
Ａｒ^X1およびＡｒ^X3は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基または２価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
Ａｒ^X2およびＡｒ^X4は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基、２価の複素環基、または、少なくとも１種のアリーレン基と少なくとも１種の２価の複素環基とが直接結合した２価の基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。
Ｒ^X1、Ｒ^X2およびＲ^X3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基または１価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。］

[Where:
a ^X1 and a ^X2 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more.
Ar ^X1 and Ar ^X3 each independently represent an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
Ar ^X2 and Ar ^X4 each independently represent an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, or a divalent group in which at least one arylene group and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded to each other. And these groups may have a substituent.
R ^X1 , R ^X2 and R ^X3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. ]

a ^X1 is preferably 2 or less, more preferably 1 because the luminance life of the light-emitting device produced by the production method of the present invention is excellent.

a ^X2 is preferably 2 or less, more preferably 0, because the luminance lifetime of the light-emitting device produced by the production method of the present invention is excellent.

R ^X1 , R ^X2 and R ^X3 are preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, more preferably an aryl group, and these groups have a substituent. Also good.

The arylene group represented by Ar ^X1 and Ar ^X3 is more preferably a group represented by the formula (A-1) or the formula (A-9), more preferably a formula (A-1). These groups may have a substituent.

The divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^X1 and Ar ^X3 is more preferably represented by the formula (AA-1), the formula (AA-2) or the formula (AA-7)-(AA-26). These groups may have a substituent.

Ar ^X1 and Ar ^X3 are preferably an arylene group which may have a substituent.

As the arylene group represented by Ar ^X2 and Ar ^X4 , more preferably, the formula (A-1), the formula (A-6), the formula (A-7), the formula (A-9)-(A-11) Or it is group represented by a formula (A-19), and these groups may have a substituent.

The more preferable range of the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^X2 and Ar ^X4 is the same as the more preferable range of the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^X1 and Ar ^X3 .

More preferable range of the arylene group and the divalent heterocyclic group in the divalent group in which at least one arylene group represented by Ar ^X2 and Ar ^X4 and the at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded to each other Further preferred ranges are the same as the more preferred ranges and further preferred ranges of the arylene group and divalent heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^X1 and Ar ^X3 , respectively.

The divalent group in which at least one arylene group represented by Ar ^X2 and Ar ^X4 and at least one divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded to each other is at least represented by Ar ^Y1 in the formula (Y) Examples thereof include the same divalent groups in which one kind of arylene group and at least one kind of divalent heterocyclic group are directly bonded.

Ar ^X2 and Ar ^X4 are preferably an arylene group which may have a substituent.

The substituents that the groups represented by Ar ^{X1 to} Ar ^X4 and R ^{X1 to} R ^X3 may have are preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups further have a substituent. You may do it.

  The structural unit represented by the formula (X) is preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (X-1)-(X-7), more preferably the formula (X-1)-(X-6) And more preferably a structural unit represented by the formula (X-3)-(X-6).

［式中、Ｒ^X4およびＲ^X5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、ハロゲン原子、１価の複素環基またはシアノ基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するＲ^X4は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。複数存在するＲ^X5は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、隣接するＲ^X5同士は互いに結合して、それぞれが結合する炭素原子と共に環を形成していてもよい。］

[Wherein, R ^X4 and R ^X5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a halogen atom, a monovalent heterocyclic group or cyano. Represents a group, and these groups may have a substituent. A plurality of R ^X4 may be the same or different. A plurality of R ^X5 may be the same or different, and adjacent R ^X5 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atom to which each is bonded. ]

  Since the structural unit represented by the formula (X) has excellent hole transport properties, it is preferably 0.1 to 50 mol%, more preferably 1 to 50 mol% based on the total amount of the structural units contained in the polymer host. It is 40 mol%, More preferably, it is 5-30 mol%.

  Examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (X) include structural units represented by the formula (X1-1)-(X1-11), preferably the formula (X1-3)-(X1-10). ).

  In the polymer host, the structural unit represented by the formula (X) may be included alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the polymer host include polymer compounds (P-1) to (P-6) shown in Table 1.

［表中、ｐ、ｑ、ｒ、ｓおよびｔは、各構成単位のモル比率を示す。ｐ＋ｑ＋ｒ＋ｓ＋ｔ＝100であり、かつ、100≧ｐ＋ｑ＋ｒ＋ｓ≧70である。その他の構成単位とは、式(Ｙ)で表される構成単位、式(Ｘ)で表される構成単位以外の構成単位を意味する。］

[In the table, p, q, r, s and t represent the molar ratio of each constituent unit. p + q + r + s + t = 100 and 100 ≧ p + q + r + s ≧ 70. The other structural unit means a structural unit other than the structural unit represented by the formula (Y) and the structural unit represented by the formula (X). ]

  The polymer host may be any of a block copolymer, a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, and a graft copolymer, and may be in other modes. A copolymer obtained by polymerization is preferred.

[Method for producing polymer host]
The polymer host can be produced by using a known polymerization method described in Chemical Review (Chem. Rev.), Vol. 109, pp. 897-1091 (2009), etc., and Suzuki reaction, Yamamoto reaction, Buchwald Examples of the polymerization method include a coupling reaction using a transition metal catalyst such as a reaction, Stille reaction, Negishi reaction, and Kumada reaction.

  In the polymerization method, as a method of charging the monomer, a method of charging the entire amount of the monomer into the reaction system at once, a part of the monomer is charged and reacted, and then the remaining monomer is batched, Examples thereof include a method of charging continuously or divided, a method of charging monomer continuously or divided, and the like.

  Examples of the transition metal catalyst include a palladium catalyst and a nickel catalyst.

  Post-treatment of the polymerization reaction is a known method, for example, a method of removing water-soluble impurities by liquid separation, adding the reaction solution after polymerization reaction to a lower alcohol such as methanol, filtering the deposited precipitate, and then drying. These methods are performed alone or in combination. When the purity of the polymer host is low, it can be purified by a usual method such as recrystallization, reprecipitation, continuous extraction with a Soxhlet extractor, column chromatography, or the like.

<Layer structure of light emitting element>
The light-emitting element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention may have a layer other than the anode, the cathode, the light-emitting layer, and the sealing layer (hereinafter also referred to as “other layers”). Examples of the other layers include a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
The light-emitting layer is formed by a coating method using an ink containing the above-described light-emitting layer material (an iridium complex or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex, a host material). May contain other materials (for example, luminescent materials other than iridium complexes).
The hole transport layer, the hole injection layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer contain a hole transport material, a hole injection material, an electron transport material, and an electron injection material, respectively. Each of them can be formed using an electron transport material and an electron injection material.

  The light emitting material that may be contained in the ink containing the above-described light emitting layer material (iridium complex or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex, or a host material) will be described later.

  The order, number, and thickness of the layers to be stacked may be adjusted in consideration of the luminance life and driving voltage of the light-emitting element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention.

  The thicknesses of the hole transport layer, the hole injection layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer are usually 1 nm to 10 μm.

  In the light emitting device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention, from the viewpoint of hole injection property and hole transport property, at least one layer of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer is provided between the anode and the light emitting layer. In view of electron injecting property and electron transporting property, it is preferable to have at least one of an electron injecting layer and an electron transporting layer between the cathode and the light emitting layer.

  In the light emitting device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention, the hole transport layer, the hole injection layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer may be formed by using, for example, vacuum deposition from a powder when using a low molecular weight compound. For example, a method using a film formation from a solution or a molten state may be used.

  The hole transport layer, the hole injection layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer are formed by a coating method using inks each containing a hole transport material, a hole injection material, an electron transport material, and an electron injection material. be able to. Specific examples of the coating method include those similar to the specific examples of the coating method in the formation of the light emitting layer described above. Specific examples of the solvent contained in the ink include the same examples as the specific examples of the solvent contained in the ink in the formation of the light emitting layer described above.

  In the ink, the amount of the solvent is usually 1000 to 100,000 parts by weight, preferably 2000 to 20000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hole transport material, hole injection material, electron transport material or electron injection material. It is.

  The material for the hole transport layer, the material for the electron transport layer, and the material for the light-emitting layer are used when forming the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, and the layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer, respectively, in the method for manufacturing a light-emitting device of the present invention. When dissolved in a solvent, it is preferable that the material has a crosslinking group in order to avoid dissolution of the material in the solvent. After forming each layer using a material having a crosslinking group, the layer can be insolubilized by crosslinking the crosslinking group.

  The heating temperature for crosslinking each layer is usually 25 to 300 ° C., and since the luminance life of the light emitting device produced by the production method of the present invention is excellent, it is preferably 50 to 250 ° C., more preferably 150-200 ° C.

  The kind of light used for light irradiation for cross-linking each layer is, for example, ultraviolet light, near ultraviolet light, or visible light.

[Substrate / Electrode]
The light emitting device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention usually has a substrate. The substrate included in the light-emitting element may be any substrate that can form an electrode and does not change chemically when the organic layer is formed. For example, the substrate is made of a material such as glass, plastic, or silicon. . In the case of an opaque substrate, the electrode farthest from the substrate is preferably transparent or translucent.

  Examples of the material for the anode include conductive metal oxides and translucent metals, preferably indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide; indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide, etc. A conductive compound of silver, palladium and copper (APC); NESA, gold, platinum, silver and copper.

  Examples of the material of the cathode include metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, zinc, indium; two or more kinds of alloys thereof; Alloys of one or more species with one or more of silver, copper, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, tin; and graphite and graphite intercalation compounds. Examples of the alloy include a magnesium-silver alloy, a magnesium-indium alloy, a magnesium-aluminum alloy, an indium-silver alloy, a lithium-aluminum alloy, a lithium-magnesium alloy, a lithium-indium alloy, and a calcium-aluminum alloy.

  Each of the anode and the cathode may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.

  In the light emitting device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention, at least one of the anode and the cathode is usually transparent or translucent, but the anode is preferably transparent or translucent.

  Examples of the method for forming the anode and the cathode include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a plating method, and a laminating method.

[Luminescent material]
Examples of the light emitting material that may be contained in the ink containing the light emitting layer material described above (iridium complex or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex, a host material) include naphthalene and derivatives thereof, Anthracene and derivatives thereof, perylene and derivatives thereof, and metal complexes having platinum or europium as a central metal may be mentioned.

[Hole transport material]
The hole transport material is classified into a low molecular compound and a high molecular compound, and is preferably a high molecular compound. The hole transport material may have a crosslinking group.

  Examples of the polymer compound include polyvinyl carbazole and derivatives thereof; polyarylene having an aromatic amine structure in the side chain or main chain and derivatives thereof. The polymer compound may be a compound to which an electron accepting site is bonded. Examples of the electron accepting site include fullerene, tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane, tetracyanoethylene, trinitrofluorenone, and fullerene is preferable.

  A hole transport material may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.

[Electron transport materials]
Electron transport materials are classified into low molecular compounds and high molecular compounds. The electron transport material may have a crosslinking group.

  Low molecular weight compounds include, for example, metal complexes having 8-hydroxyquinoline as a ligand, oxadiazole, anthraquinodimethane, benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane, fluorenone, diphenyldicyanoethylene and diphenoquinone. As well as these derivatives.

  Examples of the polymer compound include polyphenylene, polyfluorene, and derivatives thereof. The polymer compound may be doped with a metal.

  An electron transport material may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.

  When the light-emitting element produced by the production method of the present invention has an electron transport layer, the electron transport material used for forming the electron transport layer includes a structural unit represented by the formula (ET-1) and a formula (ET- A polymer compound containing at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by 2) is preferred.

［式中、
ｎＥ１は、１以上の整数を表す。
Ａｒ^E1は、芳香族炭化水素基または複素環基を表し、これらの基はＲ^E1以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
Ｒ^E1は、式（ＥＳ−１）で表される基を表す。Ｒ^E1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
nE1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
Ar ^E1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent other than R ^E1 .
R ^E1 represents a group represented by the formula (ES-1). When a plurality of R ^E1 are present, they may be the same or different. ]

-(R ^E3 ) _cE1- (Q ^E1 ) _nE4 -Y ^E1 (M ^E2 ) _aE1 (Z ^E1 ) _bE1 (ES-1)
[Where:
cE1 represents 0 or 1, nE4 represents an integer of 0 or more, aE1 represents an integer of 1 or more, and bE1 represents an integer of 0 or more.
R ^E3 represents an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
Q ^E1 represents an alkylene group, an arylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of Q ^E1 are present, they may be the same or different.
Y ^E1 represents —CO ₂ ⁻ , —SO ₃ ⁻ , —SO ₂ ^— or PO ₃ ²⁻ .
M ^E2 represents a metal cation or an ammonium cation, and this ammonium cation may have a substituent. When a plurality of M ^E2 are present, they may be the same or different.
Z ^E1 is F ⁻ , Cl ⁻ , Br ⁻ , I ⁻ , OH ⁻ , R ^E4 SO ₃ ⁻ , R ^E4 COO ⁻ , ClO ⁻ , ClO ₂ ⁻ , ClO ₃ ⁻ , ClO ₄ ⁻ , SCN ⁻ , CN ^−. , NO ₃ ⁻ , SO ₄ ²⁻ , HSO ₄ ⁻ , PO ₄ ³⁻ , HPO ₄ ²⁻ , H ₂ PO ₄ ⁻ , BF ₄ ⁻ or PF ₆ ⁻ . R ^E4 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of Z ^E1 are present, they may be the same or different.
aE1 and bE1 are selected such that the charge of the group represented by the formula (ES-1) is zero. ]

  nE1 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably 1 or 2.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^E1 include 1,4-phenylene group, 1,3-phenylene group, 1,2-phenylene group, 2,6-naphthalenediyl group, 1,4 Hydrogen bonded directly to the atoms constituting the ring from a naphthalenediyl group, a 2,7-fluorenediyl group, a 3,6-fluorenediyl group, a 2,7-phenanthenediyl group or a 2,7-carbazolediyl group The remaining atomic group excluding one atom nE1 is preferable, and may have a substituent other than R ^E1 .

Examples of the substituent other than R ^E1 that Ar ^E1 may have include a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, and an aryloxy group. Group, an amino group, a substituted amino group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a cycloalkynyl group, a carboxyl group, and a group represented by the formula (ES-3).

_{-O (C n 'H 2n'} O) nx C m 'H 2m' + 1 (ES-3)
[Wherein, n ′, m ′ and nx represent an integer of 1 or more. ]

  cE1 is preferably 0 or 1, and nE4 is preferably an integer of 0 to 6.

R ^E3 is preferably an arylene group.

Q ^E1 is preferably an alkylene group, an arylene group or an oxygen atom.

Y ^E1 is preferably —CO ₂ ^— or —SO ₃ ^— .

M ^E2 includes Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Cs ⁺ , N (CH ₃ ) ₄ ⁺ , NH (CH ₃ ) ₃ ⁺ , NH ₂ (CH ₃ ) ₂ ⁺ or N (C ₂ H ₅ ) ₄ ⁺ Is preferred.

Z ^E1 is preferably F ⁻ , Cl ⁻ , Br ⁻ , I ⁻ , OH ⁻ , R ^E4 SO ₃ ⁻ or R ^E4 COO ⁻ .

^Examples of the substituent that R ^E3 may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a group represented by the formula (ES-3). R ^E3 preferably has a group represented by the formula (ES-3) as a substituent because the light-emitting element produced by the production method of the present invention is more excellent in luminous efficiency.

  Examples of the group represented by the formula (ES-1) include a group represented by the following formula.

［式中、Ｍ⁺は、Ｌｉ⁺、Ｎａ⁺、Ｋ⁺、Ｃｓ⁺、Ｎ（ＣＨ₃）₄ ⁺、ＮＨ（ＣＨ₃）₃ ⁺、ＮＨ₂（ＣＨ₃）₂ ⁺またはＮ（Ｃ₂Ｈ₅）₄ ⁺を表す。］

[Wherein M ⁺ represents Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Cs ⁺ , N (CH ₃ ) ₄ ⁺ , NH (CH ₃ ) ₃ ⁺ , NH ₂ (CH ₃ ) ₂ ⁺ or N (C ₂ H ₅ ) Represents ₄ ⁺ . ]

［式中、
ｎＥ２は１以上の整数を表す。
Ａｒ^E2は、芳香族炭化水素基または複素環基を表し、これらの基はＲ^E2以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
Ｒ^E2は、式（ＥＳ−２）で表される基を表す。Ｒ^E2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。］

[Where:
nE2 represents an integer of 1 or more.
Ar ^E2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent other than R ^E2 .
R ^E2 represents a group represented by the formula (ES-2). When a plurality of R ^E2 are present, they may be the same or different. ]

-(R ^E6 ) _cE2- (Q ^E2 ) _nE6 -Y ^E2 (M ^E3 ) _bE2 (Z ^E2 ) _aE2 (ES-2)
[Where:
cE2 represents 0 or 1, nE6 represents an integer of 0 or more, bE2 represents an integer of 1 or more, and aE2 represents an integer of 0 or more.
R ^E6 represents an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
Q ^E2 represents an alkylene group, an arylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of Q ^E2 are present, they may be the same or different.
Y ^E2 represents a carbocation, an ammonium cation, a phosphonyl cation or a sulfonyl cation.
M ^E3 is F ⁻ , Cl ⁻ , Br ⁻ , I ⁻ , OH ⁻ , R ^E7 SO ₃ ⁻ , R ^E7 COO ⁻ , ClO ⁻ , ClO ₂ ⁻ , ClO ₃ ⁻ , ClO ₄ ⁻ , SCN ⁻ , CN ^−. , NO ₃ ⁻ , SO ₄ ²⁻ , HSO ₄ ⁻ , PO ₄ ³⁻ , HPO ₄ ²⁻ , H ₂ PO ₄ ⁻ , tetraphenylborate, BF ₄ ⁻ or PF ₆ ⁻ . R ^E7 represents an alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, or an aryl group, and these groups optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of M ^E3 are present, they may be the same or different.
Z ^E2 represents a metal ion or an ammonium ion, and this ammonium ion may have a substituent. When a plurality of Z ^E2 are present, they may be the same or different.
aE2 and bE2 are selected such that the charge of the group represented by the formula (ES-2) is zero. ]

  nE2 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably 1 or 2.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group represented by Ar ^E2 include 1,4-phenylene group, 1,3-phenylene group, 1,2-phenylene group, 2,6-naphthalenediyl group, 1,4 Hydrogen bonded directly to the atoms constituting the ring from a naphthalenediyl group, a 2,7-fluorenediyl group, a 3,6-fluorenediyl group, a 2,7-phenanthenediyl group or a 2,7-carbazolediyl group The remaining atomic group excluding 2 atoms nE is preferable, and may have a substituent other than R ^E2 .

The substituent group other than Ar ^E2 is may have R ^E2, is the same as the substituent other than optionally Ar ^E1 is have R ^E1.

  cE2 is preferably 0 or 1, and nE6 is preferably an integer of 0 to 6.

R ^E6 is preferably an arylene group.

Q ^E2 is preferably an alkylene group, an arylene group or an oxygen atom.

Y ^E2 is preferably a carbocation or an ammonium cation.

As M ^E3 , F ⁻ , Cl ⁻ , Br ⁻ , I ⁻ , tetraphenylborate, CF ₃ SO ₃ ^— or CH ₃ COO ⁻ is preferable.

As Z ^E2 , Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Cs ⁺ , N (CH ₃ ) ₄ ⁺ , NH (CH ₃ ) ₃ ⁺ , NH ₂ (CH ₃ ) ₂ ⁺ or N (C ₂ H ₅ ) ₄ ⁺ Is preferred.

^Examples of the substituent that R ^E6 may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a group represented by the formula (ES-3). R ^E6 preferably has a group represented by the formula (ES-3) as a substituent because the light-emitting element produced by the production method of the present invention is more excellent in luminous efficiency.

  Examples of the group represented by the formula (ES-2) include a group represented by the following formula.

［式中、Ｘ^-は、Ｆ^-、Ｃｌ^-、Ｂｒ^-、Ｉ^-、テトラフェニルボレート、ＣＦ₃ＳＯ₃ ^-、またはＣＨ₃ＣＯＯ^-を表す。］

[Wherein, X ⁻ represents F ⁻ , Cl ⁻ , Br ⁻ , I ⁻ , tetraphenyl borate, CF ₃ SO ₃ ⁻ , or CH ₃ COO ⁻ . ]

  As a structural unit represented by Formula (ET-1) and Formula (ET-2), the structural unit represented by the following formula (ET-31)-Formula (ET-34) is mentioned, for example.

[Hole injection material and electron injection material]
The hole injection material and the electron injection material are each classified into a low molecular compound and a high molecular compound. The hole injection material and the electron injection material may have a crosslinking group.

  Examples of the low molecular weight compound include metal phthalocyanines such as copper phthalocyanine; carbon; metal oxides such as molybdenum and tungsten; and metal fluorides such as lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, cesium fluoride, and potassium fluoride.

  Examples of the polymer compound include polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene vinylene, polythienylene vinylene, polyquinoline and polyquinoxaline, and derivatives thereof; conductive polymers such as polymers containing an aromatic amine structure in the main chain or side chain. A functional polymer.

  Each of the hole injection material and the electron injection material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[Ion dope]
When the hole injection material or the electron injection material includes a conductive polymer, the electrical conductivity of the conductive polymer is preferably 1 × 10 ⁻⁵ S / cm to 1 × 10 ³ S / cm. In order to make the electric conductivity of the conductive polymer within such a range, the conductive polymer can be doped with an appropriate amount of ions.

  The type of ions to be doped is an anion for a hole injection material and a cation for an electron injection material. Examples of the anion include polystyrene sulfonate ion, alkylbenzene sulfonate ion, and camphor sulfonate ion. Examples of the cation include lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, and tetrabutylammonium ion.

  Doping ions may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[Sealing layer]
The sealing layer is not particularly limited as long as it has a barrier property against moisture and oxygen gas, but as one form of the sealing layer, an anode, a cathode, a light emitting layer, and other layers of the light emitting element, Examples thereof include those sealed with a substrate made of a material such as glass, plastic, or silicon in a state filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas. As another form of the sealing layer, an anode, a cathode, a light emitting layer, and other layers of the light emitting element are made of materials such as glass, plastic, silicon, etc. through an insulating layer made of an organic material or an insulating layer made of an inorganic material. What was sealed with the board | substrate which consists of is mentioned. Examples of the material for the insulating layer made of an organic material include thermoplastic resins and photocrosslinkable resins. Examples of the material for the insulating layer made of an inorganic material include metal oxides and metal nitrides.

  The sealing layer may contain a desiccant. The desiccant may be disposed on the sealing layer.

[Uses of light-emitting elements]
In order to obtain planar light emission using the light emitting element, the planar anode and the cathode may be arranged so as to overlap each other. In order to obtain pattern-like light emission, a method in which a mask having a pattern-like window is provided on the surface of a planar light-emitting element, a layer that is desired to be a non-light-emitting portion is formed extremely thick and substantially non-light-emitting. There is a method, a method of forming an anode or a cathode, or both electrodes in a pattern. By forming a pattern by any one of these methods and arranging several electrodes so that they can be turned on and off independently, a segment type display device capable of displaying numbers, characters, and the like can be obtained. In order to obtain a dot matrix display device, both the anode and the cathode may be formed in stripes and arranged orthogonally. Partial color display and multicolor display are possible by a method of separately coating a plurality of types of polymer compounds having different emission colors, or a method using a color filter or a fluorescence conversion filter. The dot matrix display device can be driven passively or can be driven actively in combination with TFTs. These display devices can be used for displays of computers, televisions, portable terminals and the like.
The planar light emitting element can be suitably used as a planar light source for backlight of a liquid crystal display device or a planar illumination light source. If a flexible substrate is used, it can also be used as a curved light source and display device.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

  In the examples, the polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) and polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer compound are size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: LC-10Avp). Determined by The SEC measurement conditions are as follows.

[Measurement condition]
The polymer compound to be measured was dissolved in THF at a concentration of about 0.05% by weight, and 10 μL was injected into SEC.
THF was used as the mobile phase of SEC and flowed at a flow rate of 2.0 mL / min. As a column, PLgel MIXED-B (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) was used. A UV-VIS detector (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: SPD-10Avp) was used as the detector.

Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed by the following method.
The measurement sample was dissolved in chloroform or THF to a concentration of about 2 mg / mL, and about 1 μL was injected into LC-MS (manufactured by Agilent Technologies, trade name: 1100LCMSD). The LC-MS mobile phase was used while changing the ratio of acetonitrile and THF, and was allowed to flow at a flow rate of 0.2 mL / min.
As the column, L-column 2 ODS (3 μm) (manufactured by Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, inner diameter: 2.1 mm, length: 100 mm, particle size: 3 μm) was used.

NMR measurement was performed by the following method.
5 to 10 mg of a measurement sample was dissolved in about 0.5 mL of deuterated chloroform (CDCl ₃ ), deuterated tetrahydrofuran (THF-d ₈ ) or methylene dichloride (CD ₂ Cl ₂ ), and an NMR apparatus (manufactured by Agilent, trade name: INOVA300). Alternatively, measurement was performed using MERCURY 400VX).

  High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) area percentage values were used as indicators of compound purity. Unless otherwise specified, this value is a value at 254 nm by HPLC (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: LC-20A). At this time, the compound to be measured was dissolved in THF or chloroform so that the concentration was 0.01 to 0.2% by weight, and 1 to 10 μL was injected into HPLC depending on the concentration. As the mobile phase of HPLC, acetonitrile and THF were used and allowed to flow at a flow rate of 1 mL / min in a gradient analysis of acetonitrile / THF = 100/0 to 0/100 (volume ratio). As the column, Kaseisorb LC ODS 2000 (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) or an ODS column having equivalent performance was used. A photodiode array detector (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: SPD-M20A) was used as the detector.

  In the examples, the average value of the ozone concentration from the start of the step of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the step of forming the sealing layer is the ozone concentration measuring device for monitoring air pollution (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., product name). : APOA-3700).

<Synthesis Example 1> Synthesis of Iridium Complex 1 Iridium complex 1 was synthesized according to the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-179617.

<Synthesis Example 2> Synthesis of Iridium Complex 2 Iridium complex 2 was synthesized according to the method described in International Publication No. 2009/131255.

<Synthesis Example 3> Synthesis of Iridium Complex 3 Iridium complex 3 was synthesized according to the method described in JP2013-147551A.

  <Synthesis Example 4> Synthesis of Iridium Complex 4

  Compound 4a (20.00 g) and iridium chloride trihydrate (11.93 g) synthesized according to the method described in JP-A-2005-99481 are added to the reaction vessel, and the gas in the reaction vessel is argon gas. Replaced. Thereafter, 2-ethoxyethanol (180 mL) and water (60 mL) were added thereto, and the inside of the reaction vessel was placed in an argon gas stream, followed by refluxing at 101 to 102 ° C. for 20 hours. After cooling, the resulting mixture was filtered off. The obtained residue was washed with water (400 mL), methanol (200 mL), and hexane (200 mL) in this order, and dried to obtain compound 4b (22.49 g).

  Compound 4b (22.49 g) and compound 4a (19.77 g) were added to the reaction vessel, and the gas in the reaction vessel was replaced with argon gas. Thereafter, diglyme (128 mL) and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (7.60 g) were added thereto, and the inside of the reaction vessel was placed under an argon gas stream, followed by stirring at 148 to 150 ° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (7.60 g) was added thereto, and the mixture was further stirred for 12 hours. After allowing to cool, water (600 mL) was added to the resulting reaction mixture, and the resulting precipitate was filtered off. The resulting precipitate was dissolved in toluene (500 mL) and then filtered. The filtrate obtained was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to remove the solvent. The obtained residue was dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of hexane and toluene (hexane / toluene = 3/1 (volume basis)) and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and then the solvent was distilled off. The obtained residue was washed with methanol (200 mL) and then dried. The obtained solid was crystallized using a mixed solvent consisting of toluene and acetonitrile (toluene / acetonitrile = 1.0 / 4.8 (volume basis)), and the obtained crystals were separated by filtration. The obtained solid was washed with methanol and dried to obtain iridium complex 4 (14.30 g).

¹ H-NMR (300 MHz / CDCl ₃ ); δ (ppm) = 0.88 (m, 9H), 1.22 (m, 30H), 1.44 (m, 6H), 2.35 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 6H), 6.69 (m, 6H), 6.78 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 7.47 (m, 9H), 7.77 (d, J = 6) .0Hz, 3H).
LC-MS (APCI, positive) m / z: 992 ([M + H] ⁺ )

  <Synthesis Example 5> Synthesis of iridium complex 5

  The iridium complex 5 was synthesized according to the method described in JP-A-2006-188673.

  <Synthesis Example 6> Synthesis of iridium complex 6

  Compound L6-a was synthesized according to US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0057559.

  After making the inside of the reaction vessel an argon gas atmosphere, Compound L6-a (9.9 g), Compound L6-b (15 g), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ′, 6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (0.11 g), Tris (Dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0.12 g), 20 wt% tetraethylammonium aqueous solution (20 mL), toluene (200 mL) and ethanol (50 mL) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 18 hours under heating to reflux. Then, it cooled to room temperature and added toluene and extracted. The obtained organic layer was washed with ion-exchanged water, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by silica gel chromatography (ethyl acetate / hexane), recrystallized using a mixed solvent of toluene and acetonitrile, and then dried under reduced pressure to give compound L6 (17 g, yield 90%). Got.

  After the inside of the reaction vessel was filled with an argon gas atmosphere, Compound L6 (10 g), iridium chloride hydrate (2.2 g), 2-ethoxyethanol (120 mL) and water (40 mL) were added, and the mixture was stirred with heating under reflux for 14 hours. did. Then, when it cooled to room temperature and methanol was added, precipitation occurred. The obtained precipitate was filtered, and the obtained solid was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure to obtain iridium complex 6-a (10 g, yellow powder).

  After the inside of the reaction vessel was filled with an argon gas atmosphere, iridium complex 6-a (9.5 g), silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (31 g), dichloromethane (100 mL) and methanol (30 mL) were added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. After the deposited precipitate was filtered, the obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Thereafter, compound L6 (7.8 g), 2,6-lutidine (6.7 mL) and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (180 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred overnight under heating to reflux. Then, it cooled to room temperature, the mixed solvent of ion-exchange water and methanol was added, and the depositing deposit was filtered. The obtained solid was purified by silica gel chromatography (dichloromethane / hexane), recrystallized using a mixed solvent of toluene and acetonitrile, and then dried under reduced pressure to give iridium complex 6 (1.2 g, yield 6). .5%).

¹ H-NMR (600 MHz, (CD ₃ ) ₂ CO-d ₆ ) δ (ppm) = 8.01-7.97 (m, 9H), 7.91 (d, 6H), 7.81 (d, 12H), 7.59 (d, 12H), 7.25 (s, 3H), 6.92-6.89 (m, 6H), 6.57 (t, 3H), 5.87-5.81 (M, 6H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 3H), 2.52-2.48 (m, 3H), 1.87 (s, 12H), 1.42 (s, 36H), 1.38 (d, 9H), 1.16 (d, 9H), 1.12 (d, 9H), 1.07 (d, 9H), 0.80 (54H).

  <Synthesis Example 7> Synthesis of iridium complex 7

  The iridium complex 7 was synthesized according to the methods described in International Publication No. 2006/121811, and US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0057559.

  <Synthesis Example 8> Synthesis of polymer compound P1

Monomer CM1 was synthesized according to the method described in JP2011-174061A.
Monomer CM2 was synthesized according to the method described in WO2002 / 045184.
Monomer CM3 was synthesized according to the method described in JP-A-2008-106241.
Monomer CM4 was synthesized according to the method described in JP-A-2003-226744.

(Step 1) After making the inside of the reaction vessel an inert gas atmosphere, monomer CM1 (185 g), monomer CM2 (35.9 g), monomer CM3 (20.1 g), monomer CM4 (104 g) ), Dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (177 mg) and toluene (4.3 kg) were added and heated to 100 ° C.
(Step 2) Thereafter, a 20% by weight aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution (873 g) was added dropwise thereto and stirred at 100 ° C. for 5 hours.
(Step 3) Thereafter, phenylboronic acid (3.08 g) and toluene (120 g) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 14 hours.
(Step 4) After removing the aqueous layer from the obtained reaction solution, an aqueous sodium diethyldithiacarbamate solution and toluene were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 40 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, it cooled to room temperature and obtained the organic layer by removing an aqueous layer. The obtained organic layer was washed twice with 10 wt% hydrochloric acid twice, twice with 3 wt% aqueous ammonia solution and twice with water. The washed organic layer was purified by passing through an alumina column and a silica gel column in this order. The obtained purified solution was added dropwise to methanol and stirred to produce a precipitate. The obtained precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to obtain 204 g of polymer compound P1. The Mn of the polymer compound P1 was 6.7 × 10 ⁴ , and the Mw was 2.3 × 10 ⁵ .

  The polymer compound P1 has a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM1, a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM2, and a constitution derived from the monomer CM3 in terms of theoretical values obtained from the amounts of raw materials charged. This is a copolymer in which the unit and the structural unit derived from the monomer CM4 are configured in a molar ratio of 50: 12.5: 7.5: 30.

  <Synthesis Example 9> Synthesis of Polymer Compound P2

Monomer CM5 was synthesized according to the method described in JP 2010-189630 A.
Monomer CM6 was synthesized according to the method described in JP 2010-215886 A.
Monomer CM7 was synthesized according to the method described in JP-T-2002-539292.

(Step 1) After making the inside of the reaction vessel an inert gas atmosphere, monomer CM5 (0.9950 g), monomer CM3 (0.1064 g), monomer CM6 (0.0924 g), monomer CM7 (0.7364 g), dichlorobis [tris (2-methoxyphenyl) phosphine] palladium (1.8 mg) and toluene (47 ml) were added and heated to 105 ° C.
(Step 2) A 20 wt% tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (6.6 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction solution, and the mixture was refluxed for 5.5 hours.
(Step 3) Thereafter, phenylboronic acid (24.4 mg), 20 wt% tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (6.6 ml) and dichlorobis [tris (2-methoxyphenyl) phosphine] palladium (1.8 mg) were added thereto. The mixture was refluxed for 14 hours.
(Step 4) Thereafter, an aqueous sodium diethyldithiacarbamate solution was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed twice with water, twice with a 3% by weight aqueous acetic acid solution and twice with water, and the resulting solution was added dropwise to methanol, resulting in precipitation. The precipitate was dissolved in toluene and purified by passing through an alumina column and a silica gel column in this order. The obtained solution was added dropwise to methanol and stirred, and then the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to obtain 0.91 g of polymer compound P2. The Mn of the polymer compound P2 was 5.2 × 10 ⁴ and the Mw was 2.5 × 10 ⁵ .

  The polymer compound P2 has a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM5, a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM3, and a constitution derived from the monomer CM6 in terms of theoretical values obtained from the amounts of the raw materials charged. It is a copolymer in which the unit and the structural unit derived from the monomer CM7 are configured in a molar ratio of 50: 5: 5: 40.

  <Synthesis Example 10> Synthesis of Monomer CM8

  Compound CM8a was synthesized according to the method described in International Publication No. 2012/088671.

<Step 1>
After making the inside of the reaction vessel a nitrogen gas atmosphere, 4-bromo-n-octylbenzene (250 g) and tetrahydrofuran (dehydrated product, 2.5 L) were added and cooled to −70 ° C. or lower. Thereafter, a 2.5 mol / L n-butyllithium-hexane solution (355 mL) was added dropwise thereto, and the mixture was stirred at −70 ° C. or lower for 3 hours. Thereafter, a solution of compound CM8a (148 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (dehydrated product, 400 mL) was added dropwise thereto, and then the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to 0 ° C., and then water (150 mL) was added and stirred. The resulting reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent.
Hexane (1 L) and water (200 mL) were added to the resulting reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was removed by a liquid separation operation. The obtained organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate. The obtained mixture was filtered, and the obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain Compound CM8b (330 g) as a yellow oil.

<Step 2>
After making the inside of the reaction vessel a nitrogen gas atmosphere, Compound CM8b (330 g) and dichloromethane (900 mL) were added and cooled to 5 ° C. or lower. Thereafter, a 2.0 mol / L boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex (245 mL) was added dropwise thereto. Then, it heated up to room temperature and stirred at room temperature overnight. The obtained reaction mixture was added to a container containing ice water (2 L), stirred for 30 minutes, and then the aqueous layer was removed. The obtained organic layer was washed once with a 10 wt% aqueous potassium phosphate solution (1 L) and twice with water (1 L), and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The obtained mixture was filtered, and the obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an oily substance. The obtained oil was dissolved in toluene (200 mL), and then passed through a filter covered with silica gel to obtain a toluene solution 1. After obtaining the toluene solution 1, the toluene solution 2 was obtained by further passing toluene (about 3 L) through a filter covered with silica gel. The toluene solution 1 and the toluene solution 2 were combined, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an oily substance. Methanol (500 mL) was added to the obtained oil and stirred. The obtained reaction mixture was filtered to obtain a solid. By adding a mixed solvent of butyl acetate and methanol to the obtained solid and repeating recrystallization, monomer CM8c (151 g) was obtained as a white solid. The HPLC area percentage value (detection wavelength UV 280 nm) of the obtained monomer CM8c was 99.0% or more.

¹ H-NMR (400 MHz / CDCl ₃ ): δ (ppm) = 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.46 (dd, 2H), 7.06 to 7.01 (M, 8H), 2.55 (t, 4H), 1.61-1.54 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.26 (m, 20H), 0.87 (t, 6H).

<Step 3>
After making the inside of the reaction vessel a nitrogen gas atmosphere, monomer CM8c (100 g) and tetrahydrofuran (dehydrated product, 1000 mL) were added and cooled to −70 ° C. or lower. Thereafter, a 2.5 mol / L n-butyllithium-hexane solution (126 mL) was added dropwise thereto and stirred at −70 ° C. or lower for 5 hours. Thereafter, 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (81 mL) was added dropwise thereto. Then, it heated up to room temperature and stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to −30 ° C., and a 2.0 mol / L hydrochloric acid-diethyl ether solution (143 mL) was added dropwise. Then, it heated up to room temperature and solid was obtained by concentrate | evaporating under reduced pressure. Toluene (1.2 L) was added to the obtained solid, stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, and then passed through a filter covered with silica gel to obtain a filtrate. The obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a solid. Methanol was added to the obtained solid and stirred, followed by filtration to obtain a solid. The resulting solid was purified by repeated recrystallization using isopropyl alcohol, and then dried under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. overnight to obtain monomer CM8 (72 g) as a white solid. The HPLC area percentage value (detection wavelength UV 280 nm) of the obtained monomer CM8 was 99.0% or more.

¹ H-NMR (400 MHz / CDCl ₃ ): δ (ppm) = 7.82 (d, 2H), 7.81 (s, 2H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.11 (d, 4H) ), 7.00 (d, 4H), 2.52 (t, 4H), 1.59 to 1.54 (m, 4H), 1.36 to 1.26 (m, 20H), 1.31 ( s, 24H), 0.87 (t, 6H).

  <Synthesis Example 11> Synthesis of Polymer Compound P3

Monomer CM9 was synthesized according to the method described in International Publication No. 2012/86671.
Monomer CM10 was synthesized according to the method described in JP-A No. 2004-143419.
Monomer CM11 was synthesized according to the method described in WO2009 / 131255.

(Step 1) After making the inside of the reaction vessel an inert gas atmosphere, monomer CM8 (4.7686 g), monomer CM2 (1.9744 g), monomer CM9 (0.7734 g), monomer CM10 (0.4432 g), monomer CM11 (0.3308 g) and toluene (67 mL) were added and heated to 105 ° C.
(Step 2) Bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride (4.2 mg) and a 20 wt% tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (20 mL) were added to the reaction solution, followed by refluxing for 3 hours.
(Step 3) Thereafter, phenylboronic acid (0.077 g), bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride (4.2 mg), toluene (60 mL) and 20 wt% tetraethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (20 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was added for 24 hours. Refluxed.
(Step 4) Then, after separating the organic layer and the aqueous layer, sodium N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (3.33 g) and ion-exchanged water (67 mL) were added to the obtained organic layer. In addition, the mixture was stirred at 85 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the organic layer and the aqueous layer were separated, and the obtained organic layer was washed twice with ion-exchanged water (78 mL), twice with a 3 wt% aqueous acetic acid solution (78 mL), and 2 with ion-exchanged water (78 mL). Washed in turn. Thereafter, the organic layer and the aqueous layer were separated, and the obtained organic layer was dropped into methanol to precipitate a solid, which was collected by filtration and dried to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was dissolved in toluene and passed through a silica gel column and an alumina column through which toluene was passed in advance. The obtained solution was added dropwise to methanol to precipitate a solid, which was collected by filtration and dried to obtain polymer compound P3 (4.95 g). The Mn of the polymer compound P3 was 1.4 × 10 ⁵ and the Mw was 4.1 × 10 ⁵ .

  The polymer compound P3 has a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM8, a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM2, and a constitution derived from the monomer CM9 in terms of theoretical values obtained from the amounts of raw materials charged. A copolymer comprising a unit, a structural unit derived from monomer CM10, and a structural unit derived from monomer CM11 in a molar ratio of 50: 30: 10: 5: 5 .

  <Synthesis Example 12> Synthesis of Polymer Compound P4

  Monomer CM12 was synthesized according to the method described in JP 2010-189630 A.

The polymer compound P4 was synthesized according to the method described in JP 2012-36388 A using monomer CM5, monomer CM9 and monomer CM12. The Mn of the polymer compound P4 was 9.1 × 10 ⁴ and the Mw was 2.3 × 10 ⁵ .

  The polymer compound P4 has a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM5, a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM9, and a constitution derived from the monomer CM12 according to theoretical values obtained from the amounts of the raw materials charged. A unit is a copolymer composed of a molar ratio of 50:40:10.

  <Synthesis Example 13> Synthesis of polymer compound P5

  Monomers CM13 and CM14 were synthesized according to the method described in JP2012-36381A.

The polymer compound P5 was synthesized according to the method described in JP 2012-36381 A using the monomer CM5, the monomer CM13, and the monomer CM14. The Mn of the polymer compound P5 was 3.4 × 10 ⁴ and the Mw was 1.2 × 10 ⁵ .

  The polymer compound P5 has a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM5, a constitutional unit derived from the monomer CM13, and a constitution derived from the monomer CM14 in terms of theoretical values obtained from the amounts of the raw materials charged. A unit is a copolymer composed of a molar ratio of 50:20:30.

  <Synthesis Example 14> Synthesis of Polymer Compound P6

(Synthesis of polymer compound P6-a)
As the polymer compound P6-a, monomer CM15 synthesized according to the method described in JP2012-33845A and monomer CM16 synthesized according to the method described in JP2012-33845A are used. And synthesized according to the method described in JP 2012-33845 A.

The Mn of the polymer compound P6-a was 5.2 × 10 ⁴ .

  The polymer compound P6-a has a molar ratio of 50:50 between the structural unit derived from the monomer CM15 and the structural unit derived from the monomer CM16 according to the theoretical value obtained from the amount of the raw material charged. It is the copolymer comprised by these.

(Synthesis of polymer compound P6)
After making the inside of reaction container into inert gas atmosphere, the high molecular compound P6-a (200 mg), tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), and ethanol (20 mL) were added, and it heated at 55 degreeC.
Cesium hydroxide (200 mg) dissolved in water (2 mL) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 55 ° C. for 6 hours. Then, after cooling to room temperature, solid was obtained by concentrating under reduced pressure. The obtained solid was washed with water and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain polymer compound P6 (150 mg, light yellow solid). From the NMR spectrum of the resulting polymer compound P6, it was confirmed that the signal derived from the ethyl group at the ethyl ester site of the polymer compound P6-a had completely disappeared.

<Example 1> Production and evaluation of light-emitting element 1 (formation of anode and hole injection layer)
An anode was formed by attaching an ITO film with a thickness of 150 nm to a glass substrate by sputtering. On the anode, poly (3,4) ethylenedioxythiophene / polystyrene sulfonic acid (manufactured by HC star, trade name: CLEVIOS P AI4083) (hereinafter referred to as “AI4083”) was spin-coated to 65 nm. A hole injection layer was formed by heating at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate in an air atmosphere.

(Formation of hole transport layer)
Polymer compound P1 was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 0.7% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film with a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the hole injection layer by spin coating, and a hole transport layer is formed by heating at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. did.

(Formation of light emitting layer)
Polymer compound P3 and iridium complex 1 (polymer compound P3 / iridium complex 1 = 92.5 wt% / 7.5 wt%) were dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 1.4 wt%. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film having a thickness of 80 nm was formed on the hole transport layer by a spin coating method, and a light emitting layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

(Formation of cathode)
After reducing the pressure of the substrate on which the light emitting layer was formed in a vapor deposition machine to 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa or less, about 5 nm of barium was formed on the light emitting layer as the cathode, and then aluminum was formed on the barium layer. 60 nm was deposited. After vapor deposition, a light-emitting element 1 was manufactured by forming a sealing layer using a glass substrate in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Note that spaces exist between the anode, the cathode, and each layer included in the light-emitting element 1 and the glass substrate used for forming the sealing layer. Since the sealing layer is formed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the space is filled with nitrogen gas.

  The light-emitting element 1 was produced in an indoor environment in which a chemical filter (product name: Chemical Guard-AX (chemical filter using activated carbon)) was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 1, the time during which the light-emitting element during production from the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 30 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 0.8 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 0.8 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 30 minutes, A × B = 24.

When voltage was applied to the light-emitting element 1, EL light emission (red) was observed. The driving voltage at a luminance of 1000 cd / m ² was 6.5 V, and the light emission efficiency was 22.0 cd / A. The current value was set so that the initial luminance was 12000 cd / m ² , the device was then driven at a constant current, and the luminance half-life (hereinafter also referred to as “LT50”) was measured to be 328.1 hours.

Comparative Example 1 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C1 The light-emitting element C1 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 1 except that the light-emitting element C1 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed in the outside air intake. In the production of the light emitting element C1, the time during which the light emitting element being manufactured from the start of the process of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 30 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 55 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 55 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 30 minutes, A × B = 1650.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element C1, EL light emission (red) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 7.6 V and the light emission efficiency was 16.8 cd / A. The current value was set so that the initial luminance would be 12000 cd / m ² , the device was then driven at a constant current, and the LT50 was measured to be 63.0 hours.

Comparative Example 2 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C2 The light-emitting element C2 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 1 except that the light-emitting element C2 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light emitting element C2, the time during which the light emitting element being manufactured from the start of the process of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 30 minutes, The average value of ozone concentration during this period was 110 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone: A = 110 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone was B = 30 minutes, A × B = 3300.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C2, EL light emission (red) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 8.8 V and the light emission efficiency was 12.9 cd / A. The current value was set so that the initial luminance would be 12000 cd / m ² , the device was then driven at a constant current, and the LT50 was measured to be 28.8 hours.

<Example 2> Production and evaluation of light-emitting element 2 (formation of anode and hole injection layer)
An anode was formed on the glass substrate by attaching an ITO film with a thickness of 45 nm by sputtering. AQ-1200 (manufactured by Plextronics), which is a polythiophene / sulfonic acid-based hole injecting agent, was formed on the anode at a thickness of 35 nm by a spin coating method, and 170 ° C. on a hot plate in an air atmosphere. The hole injection layer was formed by heating for 15 minutes.

(Formation of hole transport layer)
The polymer compound P2 was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 0.7% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film with a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the hole injection layer by spin coating, and a hole transport layer is formed by heating at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. did.

(Formation of light emitting layer)
Polymer compound P4 and iridium complex 2 (polymer compound P4 / iridium complex 2 = 60 wt% / 40 wt%) were dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 2.0 wt%. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film having a thickness of 80 nm was formed on the hole transport layer by a spin coating method, and a light emitting layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

(Formation of cathode)
After reducing the pressure of the substrate on which the light emitting layer was formed in a vapor deposition machine to 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa or less, about 5 nm of sodium fluoride was formed on the light emitting layer as a cathode, and then on the sodium fluoride layer. Aluminum was evaporated to about 60 nm. After vapor deposition, the light emitting element 2 was produced by forming a sealing layer using a glass substrate in nitrogen gas atmosphere. A space exists between the anode, the cathode, and each layer included in the light emitting element 2 and the glass substrate used for forming the sealing layer. Since the sealing layer is formed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the space is filled with nitrogen gas.

  The light-emitting element 2 was produced in an indoor environment in which a chemical filter (product name: Chemical Guard-AX (chemical filter using activated carbon)) was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 2, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 20 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 0.7 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 0.7 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 20 minutes, A × B = 14.

When voltage was applied to the light-emitting element 2, EL light emission (green) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 6.4 V and the light emission efficiency was 58.5 cd / A. The current value was set so that the initial luminance was 8000 cd / m ² , the device was then driven at a constant current, and the LT50 was measured to be 92.8 hours.

Example 3 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element 3 The light-emitting element 3 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 2 except that the light-emitting element 3 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 3, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 25 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 25 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 25 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 25 minutes, A × B = 625.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 3, EL light emission (green) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 6.7 V and the light emission efficiency was 55.0 cd / A. The current value was set so that the initial luminance would be 8000 cd / m ² , the device was then driven at a constant current, and the LT50 was measured. It was 77.9 hours.

Comparative Example 3 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C3 The light-emitting element C3 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 2 except that the light-emitting element C3 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light emitting element C3, the time during which the light emitting element being manufactured from the start of the process of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 25 minutes, The average value of ozone concentration during this period was 110 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 110 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 25 minutes, A × B = 2750.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C3, EL light emission (green) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 8.8 V and the light emission efficiency was 25.8 cd / A. The current value was set so that the initial luminance would be 8000 cd / m ² , the device was then driven at a constant current, and the LT50 was measured to be 26.3 hours.

<Example 4> Production and evaluation of light-emitting element 4 (formation of anode and hole injection layer)
An anode was formed on the glass substrate by attaching an ITO film with a thickness of 45 nm by sputtering. AQ-1200 (manufactured by Plextronics), which is a polythiophene / sulfonic acid-based hole injecting agent, was formed on the anode in a thickness of 35 nm by a spin coating method. A hole injection layer was formed by heating at 15 ° C. for 15 minutes.

(Formation of hole transport layer)
The polymer compound P2 was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 0.7% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film with a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the hole injection layer by spin coating, and a hole transport layer is formed by heating at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. did.

(Formation of light emitting layer)
Polymer compound P5, iridium complex 3, iridium complex 4 and iridium complex 5 (polymer compound P5 / iridium complex 3 / iridium complex 4 / iridium complex 5 = 59/40 / 0.6 / 0.4) are added to xylene. It was dissolved at a concentration of 2.2% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film having a thickness of 75 nm was formed on the hole transport layer by a spin coating method, and a light emitting layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

(Formation of cathode)
After reducing the pressure of the substrate on which the light emitting layer was formed in a vapor deposition machine to 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa or less, about 5 nm of sodium fluoride was formed on the light emitting layer as a cathode, and then on the sodium fluoride layer. Aluminum was evaporated to about 60 nm. After vapor deposition, the light emitting element 4 was produced by forming a sealing layer using a glass substrate in nitrogen gas atmosphere. A space exists between the anode, the cathode, and each layer included in the light-emitting element 4 and the glass substrate used for forming the sealing layer. Since the sealing layer is formed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the space is filled with nitrogen gas.

  The light-emitting element 4 was produced in an indoor environment in which a chemical filter (product name: Chemical Guard-AX (chemical filter using activated carbon)) was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 4, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 20 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 0.7 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 0.7 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 20 minutes, A × B = 14.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 4, EL light emission (white color) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 7.3 V and the light emission efficiency was 21.6 cd / A.

Example 5 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element 5 The light-emitting element 5 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 4 except that the light-emitting element 5 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 5, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 25 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 25 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 25 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 25 minutes, A × B = 625.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 5, EL light emission (white) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 7.5 V and the light emission efficiency was 21.2 cd / A.

Comparative Example 4 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C4 The light-emitting element C4 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 4 except that the light-emitting element C4 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element C4, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 110 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 25 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone: A = 25 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone was B = 110 minutes, A × B = 2750.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C4, EL light emission (white) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 10.0 V and the light emission efficiency was 10.0 cd / A.

<Example 6> Production and evaluation of light-emitting element 6 (formation of anode and hole injection layer)
An anode was formed on the glass substrate by attaching an ITO film with a thickness of 45 nm by sputtering. AQ-1200 (manufactured by Plextronics), which is a polythiophene / sulfonic acid-based hole injecting agent, was formed on the anode at a thickness of 35 nm by a spin coating method, and 170 ° C. on a hot plate in an air atmosphere. The hole injection layer was formed by heating for 15 minutes.

(Formation of hole transport layer)
The polymer compound P2 was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 0.7% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film with a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the hole injection layer by spin coating, and a hole transport layer is formed by heating at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. did.

(Formation of light emitting layer)
Polymer compound P5 and iridium complex 3 (polymer compound P5 / iridium complex 3 = 60/40) were dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 2.0% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film having a thickness of 80 nm was formed on the hole transport layer by a spin coating method, and a light emitting layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

(Formation of cathode)
After reducing the pressure of the substrate on which the light emitting layer was formed in a vapor deposition machine to 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa or less, about 5 nm of sodium fluoride was formed on the light emitting layer as a cathode, and then on the sodium fluoride layer. Aluminum was evaporated to about 60 nm. After vapor deposition, the light emitting element 6 was produced by forming a sealing layer using a glass substrate in nitrogen gas atmosphere. A space exists between the anode, the cathode, and each layer included in the light-emitting element 6 and the glass substrate used for forming the sealing layer. Since the sealing layer is formed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the space is filled with nitrogen gas.

  The light-emitting element 6 was produced in an indoor environment in which a chemical filter (product name: Chemical Guard-AX (chemical filter using activated carbon)) was installed at the outside air intake. In the manufacture of the light-emitting element 6, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured was exposed to ozone during the period from the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was 20 minutes. The average ozone concentration was 0.7 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 0.7 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 20 minutes, A × B = 14.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 6, EL light emission (blue) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 7.6 V and the light emission efficiency was 15.8 cd / A.

Example 7 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element 7 The light-emitting element 7 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 6 except that the light-emitting element 7 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 7, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 10 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 25 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 25 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 10 minutes, A × B = 250.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 7, EL light emission (blue) was observed. The driving voltage at 1000 cd / m ² was 8.0 V, and the light emission efficiency was 15.1 cd / A.

Example 8 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element 8 The light-emitting element 8 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 6 except that the light-emitting element 8 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 8, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 25 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 25 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 25 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 25 minutes, A × B = 625.

When voltage was applied to the light-emitting element 8, EL light emission (blue) was observed. The driving voltage at 1000 cd / m ² was 8.2 V, and the light emission efficiency was 15.0 cd / A.

Comparative Example 5 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C5 The light-emitting element C5 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 6 except that the light-emitting element C5 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element C5, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 110 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 25 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone: A = 25 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone was B = 110 minutes, A × B = 2750.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C5, EL light emission (blue) was observed. The driving voltage at 1000 cd / m ² was 10.1 V, and the light emission efficiency was 9.0 cd / A.

<Example 9> Production and evaluation of light-emitting element 9 (formation of anode and hole injection layer)
An anode was formed on the glass substrate by attaching an ITO film with a thickness of 45 nm by sputtering. AQ-1200 (manufactured by Plextronics), which is a polythiophene / sulfonic acid-based hole injecting agent, was formed on the anode in a thickness of 35 nm by a spin coating method. A hole injection layer was formed by heating at 15 ° C. for 15 minutes.

(Formation of hole transport layer)
The polymer compound P2 was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 0.7% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film with a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the hole injection layer by spin coating, and a hole transport layer is formed by heating at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. did.

(Formation of light emitting layer)
Polymer compound P3 and iridium complex 1 (polymer compound P3 / iridium complex 1 = 92.5 wt% / 7.5 wt%) were dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 1.3 wt%. Using the obtained toluene solution, a film having a thickness of 80 nm was formed on the hole transport layer by a spin coating method, and a light emitting layer was formed by heating at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

(Formation of cathode)
After reducing the pressure of the substrate on which the light emitting layer was formed in a vapor deposition machine to 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa or less, about 5 nm of sodium fluoride was formed on the light emitting layer as a cathode, and then on the sodium fluoride layer. Aluminum was evaporated to about 60 nm. After vapor deposition, a light-emitting element 9 was manufactured by forming a sealing layer using a glass substrate in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Note that spaces exist between the anode, the cathode, and each layer included in the light-emitting element 9 and the glass substrate used for forming the sealing layer. Since the sealing layer is formed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the space is filled with nitrogen gas.

  The light-emitting element 9 was produced in an indoor environment in which a chemical filter (product name: Chemical Guard-AX (chemical filter using activated carbon)) was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 9, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 60 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 0.6 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 0.6 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 60 minutes, A × B = 36.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 9, EL light emission (red) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 5.6 V and the light emission efficiency was 21.7 cd / A.

Example 10 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element 10 A light-emitting element 10 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 9. In the production of the light-emitting element 10, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 230 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 0.7 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 0.7 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 230 minutes, A × B = 161.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 10, EL light emission (red) was observed. The driving voltage at 1000 cd / m ² was 5.7 V, and the light emission efficiency was 21.9 cd / A.

Comparative Example 6 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C6 The light-emitting element C6 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 9 except that the light-emitting element C6 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element C6, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 115 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 15 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone: A = 15 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone was B = 115 minutes, A × B = 1725.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C6, EL light emission (red) was observed. The driving voltage at 1000 cd / m ² was 6.7 V, and the light emission efficiency was 17.2 cd / A.

Comparative Example 7 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C7 The light-emitting element C7 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 9 except that the light-emitting element C7 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element C7, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured from the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 260 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 18 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 18 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 260 minutes, A × B = 4680.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C7, EL light emission (red) was observed. The driving voltage at 1000 cd / m ² was 7.5 V, and the light emission efficiency was 12.4 cd / A.

<Example 11> Fabrication and evaluation of light-emitting element 11 (Formation of anode and hole injection layer)
An anode was formed on the glass substrate by attaching an ITO film with a thickness of 45 nm by sputtering. AQ-1200 (manufactured by Plextronics), which is a polythiophene / sulfonic acid-based hole injecting agent, was formed on the anode at a thickness of 35 nm by a spin coating method, and 170 ° C. on a hot plate in an air atmosphere. The hole injection layer was formed by heating for 15 minutes.

(Formation of hole transport layer)
The polymer compound P2 was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 0.7% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film with a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the hole injection layer by spin coating, and a hole transport layer is formed by heating at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. did.

(Formation of light emitting layer)
A low molecular compound SM1 (manufactured by Luminescence Technology, LT-N4013) and an iridium complex 6 (low molecular compound SM1 / iridium complex 6 = 90% by weight / 10% by weight) are dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 1.9% by weight. It was. Using the obtained toluene solution, a film having a thickness of 60 nm was formed on the hole transport layer by a spin coating method, and a light emitting layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

(Formation of electron transport layer)
Polymer compound P6 was dissolved in 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol at a concentration of 0.25 wt%. Using the obtained 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol solution, a film having a thickness of 10 nm was formed on the light emitting layer by spin coating, An electron transport layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a gas atmosphere.

(Formation of cathode)
The substrate on which the electron transport layer was formed was depressurized in a vapor deposition machine until the pressure became 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa or less, and then, as a cathode, sodium fluoride was about 5 nm on the electron transport layer, and then the sodium fluoride layer About 60 nm of aluminum was deposited on the substrate. After vapor deposition, a light-emitting element 11 was manufactured by forming a sealing layer using a glass substrate in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Note that spaces exist between the anode, the cathode, and each layer included in the light-emitting element 11 and the glass substrate used for forming the sealing layer. Since the sealing layer is formed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the space is filled with nitrogen gas.

  The light-emitting element 11 was produced in an indoor environment in which a chemical filter (product name: Chemical Guard-AX (chemical filter using activated carbon)) was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 11, the time during which the light-emitting element during production from the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 230 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 0.7 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 0.7 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 230 minutes, A × B = 161.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 11, EL light emission (blue) was observed. When the luminance was 1000 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 5.5 V and the light emission efficiency was 8.8 cd / A.

Comparative Example 8 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C8 The light-emitting element C8 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 11 except that the light-emitting element C8 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element C8, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 115 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 15 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone: A = 15 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone was B = 115 minutes, A × B = 1725.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C8, EL light emission (blue) was observed. The driving voltage at 1000 cd / m ² was 7.5 V, and the light emission efficiency was 4.9 cd / A.

<Example 12> Fabrication and evaluation of light-emitting element 12 (Formation of anode and hole injection layer)
An anode was formed on the glass substrate by attaching an ITO film with a thickness of 45 nm by sputtering. AQ-1200 (manufactured by Plextronics), which is a polythiophene / sulfonic acid-based hole injecting agent, was formed on the anode at a thickness of 35 nm by a spin coating method, and 170 ° C. on a hot plate in an air atmosphere. The hole injection layer was formed by heating for 15 minutes.

(Formation of hole transport layer)
The polymer compound P2 was dissolved in xylene at a concentration of 0.7% by weight. Using the obtained xylene solution, a film with a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the hole injection layer by spin coating, and a hole transport layer is formed by heating at 180 ° C. for 60 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. did.

(Formation of light emitting layer)
A low molecular compound SM1 (manufactured by Luminescence Technology, LT-N4013) and iridium complex 7 (low molecular compound SM1 / iridium complex 7 = 70 wt% / 30 wt%) are dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 1.5 wt%. It was. Using the obtained toluene solution, a film having a thickness of 60 nm was formed on the hole transport layer by a spin coating method, and a light emitting layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

(Formation of electron transport layer)
Polymer compound P6 was dissolved in 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol at a concentration of 0.25 wt%. Using the obtained 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol solution, a film having a thickness of 10 nm was formed on the light emitting layer by spin coating, An electron transport layer was formed by heating at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a gas atmosphere.

(Formation of cathode)
The substrate on which the electron transport layer was formed was depressurized in a vapor deposition machine until the pressure became 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa or less, and then, as a cathode, sodium fluoride was about 5 nm on the electron transport layer, and then the sodium fluoride layer About 60 nm of aluminum was deposited on the substrate. After vapor deposition, a light-emitting element 12 was manufactured by forming a sealing layer using a glass substrate in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Note that spaces exist between the anode, the cathode, and each layer included in the light-emitting element 12 and the glass substrate used for forming the sealing layer. Since the sealing layer is formed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the space is filled with nitrogen gas.

  The light emitting element 12 was produced in an indoor environment in which a chemical filter (manufactured by Nichias Corporation, product name: Chemical Guard-AX (chemical filter using activated carbon)) was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element 12, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 515 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 0.5 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone was A = 0.5 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone was B = 515 minutes, A × B = 257.5.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting element 12, EL light emission (blue) was observed. When the luminance was 200 cd / m ^2, the driving voltage was 5.0 V and the light emission efficiency was 8.3 cd / A.

Comparative Example 9 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C9 The light-emitting element C9 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 13 except that it was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light-emitting element C9, the time during which the light-emitting element being manufactured between the start of the process of forming the light-emitting layer and the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 115 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 15 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone: A = 15 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device being manufactured was exposed to ozone was B = 115 minutes, A × B = 1725.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C9, EL light emission (blue) was observed. The driving voltage at 200 cd / m ² was 10.0 V and the light emission efficiency was 6.4 cd / A.

Comparative Example 10 Production and Evaluation of Light-Emitting Element C10 The light-emitting element C10 was produced in the same manner as the light-emitting element 13 except that the light-emitting element C10 was produced in an indoor environment where no chemical filter was installed at the outside air intake. In the production of the light emitting element C10, the time during which the light emitting element being manufactured from the start of the process of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the process of forming the sealing layer was exposed to ozone was 260 minutes, The average value of the ozone concentration during this period was 18 ppb. Since the average value of the ozone concentration when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: A = 18 ppb, and the time when the light emitting device under production was exposed to ozone: B = 260 minutes, A × B = 4680.

When voltage was applied to the light emitting device C10, EL light emission (blue) was observed. The driving voltage at 200 cd / m ² was 11.5 V, and the light emission efficiency was 4.3 cd / A.

Claims (6)

The anode,
A cathode,
A light emitting layer provided between the anode and the cathode;
A method for manufacturing a light emitting device having a sealing layer,
Forming a light-emitting layer by a coating method using an iridium complex whose central metal is an iridium atom, or a polymer compound containing a structural unit derived from an iridium complex whose central metal is an iridium atom;
Forming an anode or cathode; and
Forming a sealing layer,
Average value of ozone concentration: A (ppb) when the light emitting device being manufactured is exposed to ozone from the start of the step of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the step of forming the sealing layer, A method for manufacturing a light-emitting element, in which time: B (minutes) satisfies the formula (1-1).

0 ≦ A × B ≦ 1000 (1-1) The manufacturing method of the light emitting element of Claim 1 with which the said A and the said B satisfy | fill Formula (1-2).

0 ≦ A × B ≦ 100 (1-2) The method for manufacturing a light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein A satisfies Formula (2-1).

0 ≦ A ≦ 30 (2-1) The manufacturing method of the light emitting element as described in any one of Claims 1-3 with which the said B satisfy | fills Formula (3-0).

0 ≦ B ≦ 1000 (3-0)   The period from the start of the step of forming the light emitting layer to the end of the step of forming the sealing layer is performed in an environment using a chemical filter. Of manufacturing the light-emitting device. The manufacturing method of the light emitting element as described in any one of Claims 1-5 whose said iridium complex is an iridium complex represented by Formula (4).

[Where:
n ¹ represents an integer of 1 or more, n ² represents an integer of 0 or more, and n ¹ + n ² is 3.
E ¹ and E ² each independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom. However, at least one of E ¹ and E ² is a carbon atom.
Ring R ¹ represents a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, and these rings may have a substituent. When a plurality of such substituents are present, they may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded. When a plurality of rings R ¹ are present, they may be the same or different. However, when the ring R ¹ is a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, E ¹ is a carbon atom.
Ring R ² represents a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, or a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle, and these rings optionally have a substituent. When a plurality of such substituents are present, they may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the atoms to which each is bonded. When a plurality of rings R ² are present, they may be the same or different. However, when the ring R ² is a 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, E ² is a carbon atom.
A ¹ -G ¹ -A ² represents an anionic bidentate ligand. A ¹ and A ² each independently represent a carbon atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, and these atoms may be atoms constituting a ring. G ¹ represents a single bond or an atomic group constituting a bidentate ligand together with A ¹ and A ² . When a plurality of A ¹ -G ¹ -A ² are present, they may be the same or different. ]

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