JP2016128173A - Resistance spot welding method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resistance spot welding method which can perform spot welding regardless of a combination of materials, and can obtain sufficient joint characteristics.SOLUTION: A spot welding method includes: a preparation step of preparing a plate set including a lamination part 10 in which plate materials 1, 2, 3 are stacked in three layers; and a welding step of sandwiching the lamination part 10 of the plate set with a pair of electrodes 20, 20, applying a current between the electrodes 20, 20 while applying pressure to the lamination part 10 with the electrodes 20, 20, and applying resistance spot welding to the lamination part 10. In the preparation step, as the lamination part 10, the plate materials 1, 3 made of the same type of metal are arranged at outermost layers, and the plate material 2, which is made of the same material as either one of the plate materials 1, 3 of the outermost layers and has a through hole 2a, is arranged at an inner layer. In the welding step, the resistance spot welding is applied while the position of the through hole 2a of the plate material 2 of the inner layer and the position of the electrodes 20, 20 are matched.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1B

Description

  The present invention relates to a resistance spot welding method for joining plate materials together.

  Transportation equipment such as automobiles, industrial equipment, and the like are composed of a plurality of structural parts. In many cases, resistance spot welding (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “spot welding”) is used to manufacture structural parts.

  Usually, spot welding is performed as follows. Prepare a board as a material. The plate assembly has a stacked portion in which a plurality of metal plate materials are stacked. Next, the laminated portion of the plate assembly is sandwiched between the pair of electrodes. And an electric current is applied between electrodes, pressing the laminated part with the electrode. Thereby, the metal plate which adjoins the lamination | stacking part of a board assembly with the pressurization by an electrode, and an electric current flows into this contact area | region. The contact area is melted by heat generated by electric resistance, and this is solidified to form a nugget. By forming the nugget, the metal plates of the plate set are joined and joined together, and a structural component is manufactured.

  In recent years, in transportation equipment, the weight reduction of vehicle bodies has been promoted, and the weight reduction of structural parts constituting the vehicle bodies has been strongly demanded. For this reason, the strengthening of the steel plate used is progressing. On the other hand, in the development of steel plate materials, the use of medium and high carbon steel with reduced rare metals is being considered as an environmentally friendly next-generation material. This medium and high carbon steel positively contains C (carbon) instead of reducing rare metals and ensures material strength.

  In general, the steel sheet material has a composition containing more elements as the strength increases. However, when the amount of C contained in the steel plate is too large, the hardenability is improved and the hardness of the structure (martensite) after quenching is also increased. For this reason, in the case of welding of medium and high carbon steels, the rapid increase in hardness due to rapid cooling from a high temperature causes the weld metal to become brittle, making the weld metal brittle and susceptible to brittle fracture at the interface, which degrades the properties of the welded joint. The joint characteristics referred to here include a fracture mode, tensile shear strength (TSS), cross tensile strength (CTS), and the like.

  On the other hand, the same is true for high alloy steels containing several% to several tens of% of specific elements such as Cr, Ni, and Mn, such as various stainless steels and TWIP (Twinning-Induced Plasticity) steels. In joint welding of materials, deterioration of joint characteristics is not a problem. However, when high alloy steel and high alloy steel or low alloy steel of the same type are welded, remarkable hardening of the weld metal is manifested, and as a result, deterioration of joint characteristics may become a problem. These high-alloy steels have a high-temperature phase of iron stabilized at room temperature by a specific composition, but when they are mixed with the same type of steel and the composition of the weld metal changes, a hard and brittle martensite structure is formed after cooling. Because it appears.

  In addition, a structure in which the same or similar metal materials are combined, such as high C (carbon) -containing steel and high C-containing steel, may be used for the structural parts. In this case, a plurality of plate materials of the same material or the same material are laminated and joined by spot welding.

  When joining the same material or the same kind of material by spot welding, there are the following problems. The weld metal may harden and become brittle, and sufficient joint characteristics may not be obtained. This tendency is manifested particularly by spot welding between high C steels. In the future, it is expected that spot welding of a steel material containing more C will be required. In that case, the formation of a fragile structure accompanying the hardening of the weld metal is promoted, and the deterioration of the joint characteristics becomes more obvious.

  JP 2002-103054 A (Patent Document 1) and JP 2013-78782 A (Patent Document 2) join high strength steel, that is, steel which has a little C content and is easy to harden a weld metal by spot welding. Disclose technology. In the spot welding methods disclosed in these Patent Documents 1 and 2, steel plates are stacked and sandwiched between electrodes, current is applied between the electrodes, welding is performed by melting and solidification, and then current is applied between the electrodes. Add Such additional energization after welding is referred to as post-energization. The applied current for the post-energization is a current lower than the applied current at the time of welding or a current with a short application time, and is a current that can generate heat without causing the steel sheet to melt. By subsequent energization, the hardened structure is softened and segregation such as P is reduced at the nugget end portion, which is a stress concentration portion when a peeling load is applied to the joint. As a result, the structure of the weld metal is improved, and the resistance when the joint is broken increases.

JP 2002-103054 A JP 2013-78782 A

  The spot welding methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are all intended to weld steel plates having a C content of up to about 0.3% by mass. For this reason, the structure is improved at the nugget end, that is, only a part of the weld metal, and thereby the joint characteristics are improved. However, in steel sheets containing more C, it is necessary to improve the structure throughout the nugget. For this reason, the effect of improving joint characteristics is small in a short time and local heat treatment such as post-energization.

  Furthermore, in the welding of high alloy steels such as stainless steel and TWIP steel, if the composition of the weld metal changes due to welding with the same kind of high alloy steel or low alloy steel, a heat treatment such as post-energization is applied. However, the high temperature phase of iron can no longer be stabilized at room temperature. For this reason, the effect of improving joint characteristics cannot be obtained.

The object of the present invention is to provide a resistance spot welding method having the following characteristics:
・ Spot welding is possible regardless of the combination of materials;
-Sufficient joint characteristics can be obtained.

A resistance spot welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
A spot welding method for joining plate materials,
A preparation step of preparing a plate assembly including a laminated portion in which plate materials are stacked in at least three layers;
A welding step of sandwiching the laminated portion of the plate assembly between a pair of electrodes, applying a current between the electrodes while pressing the laminated portion with the electrodes, and performing resistance spot welding on the laminated portion.
In the preparation step, as the laminated portion, the same kind of metal plate material is disposed in the outermost layer, and the inner layer is a plate material of the same material as the material of any one of the outermost layer plate materials, A plate member having a through hole is disposed.
In the welding step, resistance spot welding is performed in a state where the position of the through hole and the position of the electrode in the inner layer plate material are matched.

  In the case of this spot welding method, the material of any one of the outermost plate materials may be a high C content steel, and the material of the other plate material may be a low C content steel.

The above spot welding method can be modified to the following configuration:
The material of the outermost plate material is the same,
The material of the inner layer plate is the same as the material of the outermost plate.

  In the case of this spot welding method, the plate material of the outermost layer may be a low C content steel, and the material of the plate material of the inner layer may be a high C content steel. Instead of this configuration, the outermost plate material may be a high alloy steel.

The above spot welding method can be modified to the following configuration:
The material of the outermost plate material is the same as each other,
The material of the inner layer plate is the same as the material of the outermost plate.

  In any of the above spot welding methods, the plate material of the inner layer may have an insulating coating.

  Any of the above spot welding methods may have a configuration in which any one of the outermost plate members is a contact plate.

  In any of the above spot welding methods, it is preferable that a contour shape of the through hole in the plate material of the inner layer is a circle or a square, and the diameter or the length of one side of the through hole is larger than a target nugget diameter.

  In any of the above spot welding methods, it is preferable that the thickness of the outermost layer plate material is 3.0 mm or less, and the total thickness of the inner layer plate material is 2.4 mm or less.

The resistance spot welding method of the present invention has the following significant effects:
・ Spot welding is possible regardless of the combination of materials;
-Sufficient joint characteristics can be obtained.

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a procedure of the resistance spot welding method of the present embodiment, and shows a plate material before being stacked. FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a procedure of the resistance spot welding method of the present embodiment, and shows a state before welding of a laminated portion in which plate materials are stacked. FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the procedure of the resistance spot welding method of the present embodiment, and shows a state in the middle of welding. FIG. 1D is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the procedure of the resistance spot welding method of the present embodiment, and shows a state at the end of welding. FIG. 1E is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a procedure of the resistance spot welding method of the present embodiment, and shows a laminated portion after welding is completed.

  The spot welding method by one Embodiment of this invention is used in order to join plate materials, and includes a preparation process and a welding process. The preparation step is a step of preparing a plate set including a laminated portion in which plate materials are stacked in at least three layers. The welding step is a step of performing resistance spot welding on the laminated portion by sandwiching the laminated portion of the plate assembly with a pair of electrodes and applying a current between the electrodes while pressing the laminated portion with the electrodes. In the preparation step, the same or the same type of metal plate material is arranged in the outermost layer as the laminated portion of the plate assembly, and the plate material having a through hole is arranged in the inner layer. In the welding process, resistance spot welding is performed in a state in which the positions of the through holes and the positions of the electrodes in the inner layer plate material are matched.

  Below, a specific aspect is demonstrated about the resistance spot welding method by this embodiment.

  1A to 1E are cross-sectional views schematically showing the procedure of the resistance spot welding method of the present embodiment. In these drawings, FIG. 1A shows a plate material before being stacked. FIG. 1B shows a state before welding of the laminated portion in which the plate materials are stacked. FIG. 1C shows a state in the middle of welding. FIG. 1D shows a state at the end of welding. FIG. 1E shows the laminated portion after welding is completed.

  In this embodiment, the case where a plate material is combined with at least three layers and these plate materials are joined by spot welding is targeted. In particular, the case where the same kind of metal plate material is disposed in the outermost layer and the same material as the material of any one of the outermost layers is disposed in the inner layer is targeted. In the following, first, as a plate material of the outermost layer, a plate material of a high C content steel having a high strength and a plate material of a low C content steel having a low strength are arranged. The case where it arrange | positions is illustrated.

  Here, the same kind of metal material means a metal material having the same element with the highest content in the chemical composition. For example, high C content steel and low C content steel are the same type. The same metal material means not only a metal material having the same chemical composition but also a metal material having the same name in the standard. High C content steel means C content of 0.4 mass% or more. Low C-containing steel refers to steel having a C content of less than 0.4 mass%.

  Prepare a board as a material. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the plate assembly includes three plate members 1, 2, and 3, and includes a laminated portion 10 having a three-layer structure in which these plate members 1, 2, and 3 are sequentially stacked. In this laminated part 10, the material of the 1st layer board | plate material 1 is the high C content steel among the board | plate materials 1 and 3 of the 1st layer and 3rd layer which are outermost layers. The material of the plate material 3 of the third layer is the same kind of low C content steel as the material of the plate material 1 of the first layer. The material of the plate material 2 of the second layer as the inner layer is the same high C content steel as the material of the plate material 1 of the first layer.

  That is, the plate material 2 of the second layer of high C content steel is sandwiched between the plate material 1 of the first layer of high C content steel and the plate material 3 of the third layer of low C content steel. The second layer plate 2 is provided with a through hole 2a in advance. The outline shape of the through hole 2a may be circular or square. Practically, the through hole 2a is circular.

  Of the first layer 3 and the third layer (outermost layer) plate materials 1 and 3, the third layer plate material 3 is the same type as the second layer (inner layer) plate material 2 but is not the same, and is a low C content steel. It is a backing plate and does not form the essential shape of a structural part. That is, the first layer plate 1 and the second layer plate 2 which are the same material of high C content steel form the essential shape of the structural component. In the preparation step, a plate set including the stacked portion 10 having such a configuration is prepared.

  After passing through the preparation process, the process proceeds to a welding process by spot welding. In the welding process, first, the laminated portion 10 of the plate assembly is sandwiched between the pair of electrodes 20 and 20. At that time, as shown in FIG. 1B, the positions of the through holes 2a provided in the plate material 2 of the second layer (inner layer) and the positions of the electrodes 20 and 20 are made to coincide with each other. Subsequently, the stacked portion 10 is pressurized by the electrodes 20 and 20. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1C, the plate materials 1 and 3 of the first layer and the third layer (outermost layer) are deformed and are in contact with each other in the region of the through hole 2a in the plate material 2 of the second layer (inner layer). become.

  Furthermore, a current is applied between the electrodes 20, 20 while pressing the laminated part 10 with the electrodes 20, 20. Thereby, an electric current flows into the contact area | region of the board | plate materials 1 and 3 of a 1st layer and a 3rd layer (outermost layer). The contact area is melted and solidified by resistance heat generation, and a nugget 4 is formed as shown in FIG. 1D. Around the nugget 4, the first and third layers (outermost layers) of the plate materials 1, 3 are in pressure contact with each other.

  Further, in the above-described welding process, before the first layer and the third layer (outermost layer) plate members 1 and 3 come into contact with each other, the current can be changed so as to be applied between the electrodes 20 and 20. In this case, first, the plate materials 1 and 3 of the first layer and the third layer (outermost layer) are in contact with the plate material 2 of the second layer in the annular region around the through hole 2a in the plate material 2 of the second layer (inner layer). It will be in the state. For this reason, an electric current flows into the annular contact area of the plate materials 1 and 3 of the first layer and the third layer and the plate material 2 of the second layer. Thereby, since the annular region generates heat, the plate materials 1 and 3 of the first layer and the third layer are softened in and around the annular region. Further, if the pressing of the laminated portion 10 by the electrodes 20 and 20 is continued while applying current between the electrodes 20 and 20, the softened first and third layer (outermost layer) plate materials 1 and 3 are deformed. Then, they are in contact with each other in the region of the through hole 2a in the plate material 2 of the second layer (inner layer) (see FIG. 1C). Thereby, an electric current flows also in the contact area | region of the board | plate materials 1 and 3 of a 1st layer and a 3rd layer (outermost layer), and the nugget 4 is finally formed (refer FIG. 1D).

  Thus, the laminated part 10 is joined by spot welding, and a structural component is manufactured (see FIG. 1E). In spot welding, the first layer (outermost layer) plate material 1 that is high C content steel and the third layer (outermost layer) plate material 3 that is low C content steel are the second layer that is high C content steel. It joins through the through-hole 2a in the board | plate material 2 of (inner layer). By this joining, the laminated portion 10 is in a state in which the inner-layer plate material 2 is strongly sandwiched between the outermost plate materials 1 and 3.

  Thus, according to the spot welding method of this embodiment, the same material of high C content steel can be combined and joined. Moreover, the substantial joining by spot welding is performed between the plate materials 1 and 3 of the outermost layers (first layer and third layer), which are the same kind of material, high C content steel and low C content steel. For this reason, C content of a weld metal falls rather than the case where welding of high C content steels is performed. This is because the C content of the weld metal depends on the C content of each of the steel plates to be welded, and is approximately the average of the C content of both. Therefore, since the fracture | rupture accompanying the production | generation of a weak structure resulting from hardening of a weld metal does not arise, sufficient joint characteristics can be acquired.

  In the spot welding method of this embodiment described above, the materials of the outermost layer (first layer and third layer) of the plate materials 1 and 3 are the same kind of metal materials, and the inner layer (second layer) of the plate material 2 is made of the same material. As long as it is the same as the material of any one of the outermost plate materials 1, 3, there is no limitation on those materials. For example, in the above embodiment, the material of the second layer plate 2 that is the inner layer can be the same low C content steel as the material of the third layer plate 3 that is the outermost layer.

  For example, in terms of steel materials, low C-containing steel, high C-containing steel, and the like are the same metal materials. In addition, α-based (ferritic) stainless steel, γ-based (austenitic) stainless steel, TWIP (Twinning-Induced Plasticity) steel, etc. are metal materials of the same kind of high alloy steel. . In terms of Al-based materials, Al and Al alloys are the same type of metal materials.

  However, the materials of the plate materials 1 and 3 of the outermost layers (first layer and third layer) are the same metal materials, and the material of the plate material 2 of the inner layer (second layer) is the material of the plate materials 1 and 3 of the outermost layer. You may change into the structure which is the same kind as. Since substantial joining by spot welding is performed between the same kind of metal materials, if the object to be joined contains a metal material having a low C content or alloy element content, the hardening of the weld metal is reduced. Because there is no.

  For example, one of the plate material 1 of the first layer which is the outermost layer and the plate material 2 of the second layer which is the inner layer is a high C content steel, and the other plate material is a high C content steel of the same type. And the material of the plate material 3 of the third layer, which is another outermost layer, can be low C-containing steel. The material of the first layer plate 1 or the second layer plate 2 may be a plated steel plate.

  The materials of the outermost layer (first layer and third layer) plate materials 1 and 3 are the same metal material, and the inner layer (second layer) plate material 2 is the same material as the outermost layer plate materials 1 and 3. You may change into the structure which is. Since substantial joining by spot welding is performed between the same metal materials, if the object to be joined contains a metal material having a low C content or alloy element content, the hardening of the weld metal is reduced. Because there is no. Moreover, it is because there is no deterioration of a joint characteristic in welding of high alloy steels, such as various stainless steels, TWIP steel, etc., or welding of Al alloys.

  For example, the plate materials 1 and 3 of the first layer and the third layer which are the outermost layers can be made of low C-containing steel, and the plate material 2 of the second layer which is an inner layer can be made of high C-containing steel. Moreover, the board material of any one layer among the board | plate materials 1 and 3 of the 1st layer and 3rd layer which are outermost layers, and the board | plate material 2 of the 2nd layer which is an inner layer is made into alpha system stainless steel, and the other layer The plate material can be γ-based stainless steel. Similarly, the plate material of any one of the plate materials 1 and 3 of the outermost layer and the plate material 2 of the inner layer can be Al, and the plate material of the other layer can be Al alloy.

  Further, the inner layer (second layer) plate 2 may be a steel plate with an insulating coating (base material: low C-containing steel, high C-containing steel) whose surface is coated with an insulating coating such as coating. This is because the substantial joining by spot welding is performed between the outermost layers (first layer and third layer) of the plate materials 1 and 3 which are metal materials, and therefore conductivity is not essential as a characteristic of the inner layer plate material 2. .

  Table 1 below shows an example of a combination of the material of the plate material 1 of the first layer (outermost layer), the material of the plate material 2 of the inner layer, and the material of the plate material 3 of the third layer (outermost layer).

  When combining metal materials such as stainless steel and TWIP steel, the outermost layer (first layer, third layer) plate materials 1 and 3 have the same or similar chemical composition among the same kind of metal materials. It is preferable to adopt a material. Moreover, when combining the metal material containing the alloy element which content exceeds 6 mass%, as the board | plate materials 1 and 3 of outermost layer (1st layer, 3rd layer), the metal material (more preferably) the alloy element is common. Are preferably the same metal material).

  In the spot welding method of the present embodiment described above, out of the outermost layer (first layer and third layer) plate members 1 and 3, the first layer plate member 1 is used as the backing plate instead of the third layer plate member 3. Also good. However, it is not always necessary to use one of the outermost plate materials 1 and 3 as the contact plate. That is, both the outermost plate materials 1 and 3 and the inner layer (second layer) plate material 2 may form the essential shape of the structural component.

  The laminated portion 10 of the plate assembly may be any one in which plate materials are stacked in at least three layers. That is, the inner layer may have a configuration in which a plurality of plate materials are stacked. In this case, a through hole may be provided coaxially in all the inner layer plate materials.

  Here, in the above-described spot welding method of the present embodiment, the thicknesses of the plate materials 1 and 3 of the outermost layers (first layer and third layer) are set according to the design specifications of the structural parts. For example, the thicknesses of the outermost plate materials 1 and 3 are practically 0.3 mm to 3.0 mm. If the thickness is too thin, the strength cannot be ensured. For this reason, the minimum with the preferable thickness is 0.3 mm, More preferably, it is 0.5 mm. On the other hand, if the thickness is too thick, deformation by pressurization from the electrodes during spot welding becomes difficult, and contact between the outermost plate materials 1 and 3 becomes insufficient. For this reason, the upper limit with the preferable thickness is 3.0 mm, More preferably, it is 2.0 mm, More preferably, it is 1.6 mm.

  In addition, the thickness of the inner layer (second layer) plate 2 (the thickness of the entire inner layer when the inner layer is two or more) is related to the thickness of the outermost layers (first layer and third layer) of the plates 1 and 3. However, it is set according to the design specifications of the structural parts. For example, the entire thickness of the inner plate 2 is practically 0.3 mm to 2.4 mm. If the thickness is too thin, the strength cannot be ensured. For this reason, the minimum with the preferable thickness is 0.3 mm, More preferably, it is 0.5 mm. On the other hand, if the thickness is too thick, the deformation amount of the outermost plate materials 1 and 3 due to pressurization from the electrodes during spot welding becomes excessive, and the contact between the outermost plate materials 1 and 3 becomes insufficient. For this reason, the upper limit with the preferable thickness is 2.4 mm, More preferably, it is 1.8 mm, More preferably, it is 1.2 mm.

  Electrodes 20 and 20 used for spot welding may be any of a DR (dome radius) type, a CF (center flat) type, and an SR (single are) type. The DR-type electrode has a generally cylindrical shape with a tip portion protruding in a dome shape, and the tip surface is formed in a convex curved surface having a large radius of curvature. The CF-type electrode has a substantially cylindrical shape with a tip portion protruding in a truncated cone shape, and the tip surface is formed into a flat surface. The SR-type electrode has a generally cylindrical shape, and its tip surface is formed as a convex curved surface with a constant radius of curvature.

  Here, in the spot welding method of the present embodiment described above, the diameter of the through hole 2a provided in the inner layer (second layer) plate 2 is preferably larger than the target nugget diameter. The reason is as follows.

Generally, when manufacturing a structural part by spot welding, a target nugget diameter (nugget diameter) ND _aim is determined according to design specifications. That is, the nugget formed by spot welding is required to be not less than the target nugget diameter ND _aim . The target nugget diameter ND _aim is smaller than the diameter D of the electrode body.

Usually, the target nugget diameter ND _aim is represented by X√t [mm] with the thickness t [mm] of the plate material to be joined as an index. The coefficient X is determined by design specifications. The target nugget diameter ND _aim is, for example, 5√t.

On the other hand, in the spot welding method of this embodiment, the nugget 4 penetrates through the contact region of the outermost layer (first layer and third layer) plate materials 1 and 3, that is, the inner layer (second layer) plate material 2. It is formed in the region of the hole 2a. Therefore, in order to form a nugget 4 having a target nugget diameter ND _aim or larger, the diameter of the through hole 2a (when the through hole is circular) or the length of one side (when the through hole is square) is The nugget diameter needs to be larger than the ND _aim . More safely, the diameter or the length of one side of the through hole 2a may be greater than or equal to the diameter D of the electrode body.

  However, if the diameter or the length of one side of the through hole 2a is too large, the inner layer (second layer) plate material 2 is not sandwiched by joining the outer layer (first layer and third layer most) plate materials 1 and 3 together. It will be enough. For this reason, it is preferable that the diameter or the length of one side of the through-hole 2a is 2.5 times or less of the diameter D of the electrode body.

  In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, the spot welding method of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A to 1E was applied, and the following welding test was performed.

[Example 1]
As a plate material for testing, a plate material of non-plated high C content steel having a thickness of 1.6 mm (hereinafter also referred to as “high C steel plate”) and a non-plated low C content steel having a thickness of 1.6 mm A large number of plate materials (hereinafter also referred to as “low-C steel plates”) were prepared. In some of the high C steel plates, through holes having a diameter of 20 mm were formed by laser cutting. The C content of the high C steel plate was 0.55% by mass. The C content of the low C steel plate was less than 0.01% by mass.

  As Example 1 of the present invention, a plate assembly having a three-layer structure in which a holeless high C steel plate, a holed high C steel plate, and a holeless low C steel plate were sequentially stacked was prepared. As Comparative Example 1, a plate assembly having a two-layer structure in which a holeless high C steel plate and a holeless high C steel plate were sequentially stacked was prepared, and spot welding was performed.

In each spot welding, the welding current was changed variously. Common welding conditions are as follows.
-Welding machine: Air pressure type spot welding machine with single-layer AC power supply-Electrode: DR type electrode (tip end diameter: φ6mm, tip end curvature radius: R40mm, body diameter: φ16mm)
・ Pressure: 400kgf (= 3.92kN)
Energizing time: 40 cycles for a three-layer structure and 20 cycles for a two-layer structure (1 cycle means 1/60 second)

  Joint characteristics were evaluated for each plate assembly after spot welding. Evaluation of joint characteristics was performed by tensile shear strength (TSS) based on JIS Z3136. Further, each plate assembly was cut so as to pass through the center of the nugget, the cross section was mirror-polished, and the Vickers hardness (Hv) of the nugget (welded metal) was measured. Vickers hardness was measured according to JIS Z2244. The test load was 1 kgf, and the hardness was the average value of the five points measured. Table 2 below shows test conditions and test results.

  The results shown in Table 2 indicate the following. In Example 1 of the present invention, the Vickers hardness of the weld metal was about 600, and the plug broke at the outer periphery (welding heat affected zone) of the nugget of the high-C steel sheet of the first layer. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the Vickers hardness of the weld metal was about 750, and the brittle fracture occurred in the weld metal (nugget) that is the joint interface between the high C steel plates. Therefore, according to the welding conditions of Example 1 of the present invention, it was found that hardening of the weld metal can be suppressed and brittle fracture in the weld metal can be avoided.

[Example 2]
A large number of high C steel plates having a thickness of 1.6 mm and low C steel plates having a thickness of 1.4 mm were prepared as test materials. In some of the high C steel plates, through holes were formed in the same manner as in Example 1 above. The C content of the high C steel plate was 0.55% by mass. The C content of the low C steel plate was 0.15% by mass.

  As Example 2 of the present invention, a plate assembly having a three-layer structure in which a low C steel plate without holes, a high C steel plate with holes, and a low C steel plate without holes was sequentially stacked was prepared. As Comparative Example 2, a plate assembly having a two-layer structure in which holeless high C steel plates and holeless low C steel plates were sequentially stacked was prepared, and spot welding was performed.

  In each spot welding, the welding current was variously changed as in Example 1. The common welding conditions and the evaluation method are the same as those in Example 1.

  The results shown in Table 3 indicate the following. In Example 2 of the present invention, the Vickers hardness of the weld metal was about 450, and the plug fracture occurred on the nugget periphery of the low-C steel sheet of the first layer. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2, the Vickers hardness of the weld metal was about 670, and the brittle fracture occurred in the weld metal, which is the joint interface between the high C steel plate and the low C steel plate. Therefore, according to the welding conditions of Example 2 of the present invention, it has been found that hardening of the weld metal can be suppressed and brittle fracture in the weld metal can be avoided.

[Example 3]
A large number of TWIP steel plates having a thickness of 1.4 mm and low alloy steel plates having a thickness of 1.4 mm were prepared as test plate materials. Through holes were formed in some of the low alloy plates in the same manner as in Example 1 above. For the TWIP steel sheet, the C content was 0.6% by mass, the Si content was 0.3% by mass, and the Mn content was 20%. About the low alloy steel plate, C content was 0.2 mass%, Si content was 0.05 mass%, and Mn content was 1.2 mass%.

  As Example 3 of the present invention, a plate assembly having a three-layer structure in which a holeless TWIP steel sheet, a holed low alloy steel sheet, and a holeless TWIP steel sheet were sequentially stacked was prepared. As Comparative Example 3, a plate assembly having a two-layer structure in which a holeless TWIP steel plate and a holeless low alloy steel plate were sequentially stacked was prepared, and spot welding was performed.

  In each spot welding, the welding current was variously changed as in Example 1. The common welding conditions and the evaluation method are the same as those in Example 1.

  The results shown in Table 4 indicate the following. In Example 3 of the present invention, the Vickers hardness of the weld metal was about 410, and the plug broke on the outer periphery of the nugget of the TWIP steel sheet of the first layer. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, the Vickers hardness of the weld metal was about 720, and brittle fracture occurred in the weld metal, which is the joint interface between the TWIP steel plate and the low alloy steel plate. Therefore, according to the welding conditions of Example 3 of the present invention, it was found that hardening of the weld metal can be suppressed and brittle fracture in the weld metal can be avoided.

  The present invention can be effectively used for spot welding of all materials.

1: plate material of the first layer (outermost layer), 2: plate material of the second layer (inner layer),
2a: through hole, 3: plate material of third layer (outermost layer), 4: nugget,
10: Laminate part of plate assembly, 20: Electrode

Claims (10)

A resistance spot welding method for joining plate materials,
A preparation step of preparing a plate assembly including a laminated portion in which plate materials are stacked in at least three layers;
A welding step of sandwiching the laminated portion of the plate set by a pair of electrodes, applying a current between the electrodes while pressing the laminated portion with the electrodes, and performing resistance spot welding on the laminated portion,
In the preparation step, as the laminated portion, the same kind of metal plate material is disposed in the outermost layer, and the inner layer is a plate material of the same material as the material of any one of the outermost layer plate materials, Place a plate material with a through hole,
A resistance spot welding method in which, in the welding step, resistance spot welding is performed in a state where the position of the through hole and the position of the electrode in the inner layer plate material are matched. The resistance spot welding method according to claim 1,
The resistance spot welding method, wherein a material of any one of the outermost plate materials is a high C-containing steel, and a material of the other plate material is a low C-containing steel. A resistance spot welding method for joining plate materials,
A preparation step of preparing a plate assembly including a laminated portion in which plate materials are stacked in at least three layers;
A welding step of sandwiching the laminated portion of the plate set by a pair of electrodes, applying a current between the electrodes while pressing the laminated portion with the electrodes, and performing resistance spot welding on the laminated portion,
In the preparation step, as the laminated portion, the same metal plate material is arranged in the outermost layer, and a plate material of the same type as the material of the outermost layer plate material and having a through hole is arranged in the inner layer. ,
A resistance spot welding method in which, in the welding step, resistance spot welding is performed in a state where the position of the through hole and the position of the electrode in the inner layer plate material are matched. The resistance spot welding method according to claim 3,
The resistance spot welding method, wherein the material of the outermost layer plate material is a low C content steel, and the material of the inner layer plate material is a high C content steel. The resistance spot welding method according to claim 3,
The resistance spot welding method, wherein a material of the outermost layer plate material is high alloy steel. A resistance spot welding method for joining plate materials,
A preparation step of preparing a plate assembly including a laminated portion in which plate materials are stacked in at least three layers;
A welding step of sandwiching the laminated portion of the plate set by a pair of electrodes, applying a current between the electrodes while pressing the laminated portion with the electrodes, and performing resistance spot welding on the laminated portion,
In the preparatory step, as the laminated portion, the same kind of metal plate material is arranged in the outermost layer, and the plate material of the same material as the material of the outermost layer plate material and having a through hole is arranged in the inner layer. ,
A resistance spot welding method in which, in the welding step, resistance spot welding is performed in a state where the position of the through hole and the position of the electrode in the inner layer plate material are matched. The resistance spot welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A resistance spot welding method, wherein the inner layer plate member has an insulating coating. The resistance spot welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The resistance spot welding method, wherein any one of the outermost plate members is a contact plate. A resistance spot welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The resistance spot welding method, wherein a contour shape of the through hole in the inner layer plate is circular or square, and a diameter or a side length of the through hole is larger than a target nugget diameter. A resistance spot welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
The resistance spot welding method in which each thickness of the plate material of the outermost layer is 3.0 mm or less, and the total thickness of the plate material of the inner layer is 2.4 mm or less.

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