JP2016103029A - Toner including polyester resin for toner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toner including a polyester resin for toner that can achieve durability and crushability of toner.SOLUTION: There is provided a toner including a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and a polyester resin for toner having an unsaturated double bond, where the polyester resin for toner is obtained through polycondensation of a monomer mixture including a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyalcohol, and the monomer mixture is a mixture that includes at least one of a polyvalent carboxylic acid having an unsaturated double bond and a polyalcohol having an unsaturated double bond and a polyalcohol forming a repeating unit represented by a specific formula in an amount of 0.5 molar parts or more relative to 100 molar parts of the polyvalent carboxylic acid.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to a toner containing a polyester resin for toner used for developing an electrostatic charge image or a magnetic latent image in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method and the like.

  In the method of obtaining an image by the electrophotographic printing method and the electrostatic charge developing method, the electrostatic charge image formed on the photoreceptor is developed with toner charged in advance by friction and then fixed. As for the fixing method, there are a heat roller method in which a toner image obtained by development is fixed using a pressurized and heated roller, and a non-contact fixing method in which fixing is performed using an electric oven or flash beam light. In order to pass through these processes without any problem, the toner needs to maintain a stable charge amount first, and then needs to have good fixability to paper. In addition, the apparatus has a fixing unit which is a heating body, and the temperature in the apparatus rises, so that it is necessary that the toner does not block.

Further, it is necessary for the apparatus not to show dirt or fog on the printing surface even during continuous printing, that is, to have durability of the toner. Also, it is required that the resin has good pulverizability during toner production. For this reason, a polyester resin is used as a binder resin for toner having excellent durability and pulverization properties.
For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method for improving the durability of a resin by crosslinking a polyester resin for toner having an unsaturated double bond.

Further, from the viewpoint of environmental friendliness, studies using a biomass raw material component for a polyester resin for toner have also been conducted. For example, Patent Document 2 discloses a polyester resin for toner using isosorbide as a raw material.
WO2007 / 034813 Special table 2008-5377786 gazette

  However, in the method described in Patent Document 1, the durability is improved, but the resin is hardly cracked and the grindability is insufficient.

  Further, in the method described in Patent Document 2, the molecular weight of the resin is reduced in proportion to the isosorbide content, and the durability as a toner resin is insufficient.

The first gist of the present invention resides in a toner comprising a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and a polyester resin for toner having an unsaturated double bond.

  The second gist of the present invention is that the polyester resin for toner is obtained by polycondensing a monomer mixture containing a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and the monomer mixture is unsaturated. At least one of a polyvalent carboxylic acid having a double bond and a polyhydric alcohol having an unsaturated double bond, and a polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2) are added in an amount of 0.5 to 100 mol parts of the polyvalent carboxylic acid. The toner includes a polyester resin for toner which is a mixture including at least a molar part.

  By using the polyester resin for toner of the present invention, a toner excellent in durability and pulverization property can be provided.

  The polyester resin for toner of the present invention has a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and an unsaturated double bond.

  The polyester resin for toner according to the present invention has good repeatability by having a repeating unit represented by the formula (1). When the polyester resin having a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) is polycondensed with a monomer mixture containing a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, the polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2) is simply used. What is necessary is just to use as a mer.

  In addition, the polyhydric alcohol represented by Formula (2) needs 0.5 mol part or more with respect to 100 mol part of polyhydric carboxylic acid in a monomer mixture. If it is 0.5 mol part or more, the grindability of the resin is improved. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the resin, 50 mole parts or more is preferable.

  As the polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2), any of stereoisomers of D-isosorbide, L-isosorbide and isomannide may be used, and two or more kinds may be used in combination. These polyhydric alcohols are preferably those derived from plants from the viewpoint of environmental friendliness.

  Furthermore, the polyester resin for toner of the present invention has an unsaturated double bond in the main chain and / or side chain of the polyester resin. In the present invention, crosslinking between molecular chains occurs by causing an unsaturated double bond in the resin to undergo a crosslinking reaction, thereby improving the durability of the resin.

The unsaturated double bond is a carbon-carbon double bond, and is a monomer mixture containing at least one of a polyvalent carboxylic acid having an unsaturated double bond and a polyhydric alcohol having an unsaturated double bond. Obtained by polycondensation.
The polyvalent carboxylic acid having an unsaturated double bond is preferably 1 to 50 mol parts in 100 mol parts of the polyvalent carboxylic acid in the monomer mixture, and the polyhydric alcohol having an unsaturated double bond is 1-50 mol part is preferable with respect to 100 mol part of polyhydric carboxylic acid in a monomer mixture. Moreover, when using both together, it is preferable that the sum total of both is 1-50 mol part.
When the content of the monomer having an unsaturated double bond is 1 mol part or more, the high temperature offset resistance of the toner tends to be good, and when the content of the unsaturated double bond is 50 mol part or less In addition, the storage stability of the toner tends to be good.

  Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid having an unsaturated double bond include fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, and ester derivatives thereof.

  Examples of the polyhydric alcohol having an unsaturated double bond include 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene.

  Of these, fumaric acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride are preferred from the viewpoint of reactivity.

  The polyester resin for toner of the present invention preferably has a peak molecular weight of 3000 or more and 8,000 or less in gel permeation chromatography. If the peak molecular weight is 3,000 or more, the durability of the polyester resin for toner of the present invention is good, and if it is 8,000 or less, the pulverizability tends to be good.

  Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyester resin for toner of the present invention is preferably 40 to 85 ° C. When Tg is 40 ° C. or higher, the storage stability of the toner tends to be good, and when it is 80 ° C. or lower, the low-temperature fixability of the toner tends to be good.

  The acid value of the polyester resin for toner of the present invention is preferably 50 mgKOH / g or less. When the acid value is 50 mgKOH / g or less, moisture resistance as a polyester resin for toner tends to be good.

  Next, an example of a method for producing the polyester resin for toner of the present invention will be described.

  The polyester resin for toner according to the present invention includes a single unit containing at least one of a polyvalent carboxylic acid having an unsaturated double bond and a polyhydric alcohol having an unsaturated double bond, and the polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2). Obtained by polycondensation of the monomer mixture.

  Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid having an unsaturated double bond include fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, and ester derivatives thereof.

  Examples of the polyhydric alcohol having an unsaturated double bond include 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene.

  Of these, fumaric acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride are preferred from the viewpoint of reactivity.

  The polyvalent carboxylic acid having an unsaturated double bond is preferably 1 to 50 mol parts in 100 mol parts of the polyvalent carboxylic acid in the monomer mixture, and the polyhydric alcohol having an unsaturated double bond is 1-50 mol part is preferable with respect to 100 mol part of polyhydric carboxylic acid in a monomer mixture. Moreover, when using both together, it is preferable that the sum total of both is 1-50 mol part.

  As the polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2), any of stereoisomers of D-isosorbide, L-isosorbide and isomannide may be used, and two or more kinds may be used in combination. These polyhydric alcohols are preferably made from plants from the viewpoint of environmental friendliness.

  0.5 mol part or more of the polyhydric alcohol represented by Formula (2) is required with respect to 100 mol parts of polyvalent carboxylic acid in the monomer mixture. If it is 0.5 mol part or more, the grindability of the resin is improved. Furthermore, 50 mol part or more is preferable from the point which durability of resin improves.

The monomer mixture contains a polyvalent carboxylic acid having no unsaturated double bond, a polyhydric alcohol having no unsaturated double bond, a monovalent carboxylic acid, a monovalent alcohol, and the like. Also good.
Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid having no unsaturated double bond include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, malonic acid and the like; Examples thereof include alkyl esters (monomethyl ester, dimethyl ester, monoethyl ester, diethyl ester, monobutyl ester, or dibutyl ester), trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid, and the like.

  Among these, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or alkyl esters thereof are preferable in terms of handling properties and cost. In particular, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid are preferable because they have high reactivity with a carboxylic acid compound having an unsaturated double bond and tend to improve the durability of the resin.

  Examples of the polyhydric alcohol having no unsaturated double bond include alcohol polyoxyethylene- (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene- (2.0) -2. , 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (2.2) -polyoxyethylene- (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (2.3) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (3.3) -2,2-bis Divalent aromatic alcohols such as (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane; ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1 3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8 Divalent aliphatic alcohols such as octanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol; 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A Examples include ethylene oxide adducts and propylene oxide adducts, spiroglycol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, cyclodecane dimethanol, tricyclodecane dimethanol and the like.

  Furthermore, examples of monovalent carboxylic acids include aromatic carboxylic acids having 30 or less carbon atoms such as benzoic acid and p-methylbenzoic acid, aliphatic carboxylic acids having 30 or less carbon atoms such as stearic acid and behenic acid, and cinnamon. Examples include acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid.

  Examples of monohydric alcohols include aromatic alcohols having 30 or less carbon atoms such as benzyl alcohol, and aliphatic alcohols having 30 or less carbon atoms such as oleyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol.

  Polycondensation may be carried out by a known method, and as a polymerization catalyst, alkoxide, titanium oxide, dibutyltin oxide, tin acetate, zinc acetate, tin disulfide, antimony trioxide, germanium dioxide, magnesium acetate, etc. may be used. it can.

  The polymerization temperature is preferably 180 ° C to 280 ° C. When the polymerization temperature is 180 ° C. or higher, the productivity tends to be good, and when it is 280 ° C. or lower, the decomposition of the resin and the by-product of volatile components that cause odor tend to be suppressed.

  In the present invention, if necessary, a polyester resin can be polycondensed by adding a release agent. By adding a release agent and polymerizing, the toner fixing property and wax dispersibility tend to be improved. As the release agent, the same waxes as those used in the toner formulation described later can be used. For example, carnauba wax, rice wax, beeswax, synthetic ester wax, paraffin wax, various polyolefin waxes or modified products thereof, fatty acid Examples thereof include amides and silicone waxes.

  Further, a stabilizer may be added for the purpose of obtaining polymerization stability. Examples of the stabilizer include hydroquinone, methyl hydroquinone, hindered phenol compounds and the like.

  The polyester resin for toner of the present invention may be used alone as a binder resin for toner. However, after the polyester resin for toner of the present invention and other polyester resin are mixed, the unsaturated polyester resin for toner of the present invention is mixed. It is preferable to crosslink a heavy bond to form a binder resin for toner.

  In the present invention, the durability as a toner is improved by crosslinking the unsaturated double bond, but the low temperature fixability is improved by using it together with other polyester resins. The polyester resin for toner of the present invention is preferably mixed in an amount of 60% by mass or more.

As another polyester resin to be mixed with the polyester resin for toner of the present invention, a polyester resin having a peak molecular weight of 10,000 or more and 100,000 or less in gel permeation chromatography is preferable.
Moreover, 40-80 degreeC is preferable for Tg. When the temperature is 40 ° C. or higher, the storage stability of the toner tends to be good, and when the temperature is 80 ° C. or lower, the low-temperature fixability of the toner tends to be good. Further, the acid value is preferably 50 mgKOH / g or less. When the acid value is 50 mgKOH / g or less, the fixed image density of the toner tends to be good.
The other polyester resin can be obtained by polycondensing a monomer mixture containing a known polycarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.

  Examples of the crosslinking reaction method include a reaction in which an unsaturated double bond is reacted by a radical addition reaction, a cation addition reaction, an anion addition reaction, or the like to generate an intermolecular carbon-carbon bond. The radical addition reaction using is particularly preferred.

  The radical reaction initiator is not particularly limited, and an azo compound or an organic peroxide is used. Among them, an organic peroxide is preferable because it has high initiator efficiency and does not generate a cyanide byproduct.

Examples of the organic peroxide include benzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, α, α-bis (t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene, 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexane, di-t-hexyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t
-Butylperoxyhexine-3, acetyl peroxide, isobutyryl peroxide, octaninoroxide, decanolyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, m-toluyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxy 3,5,5- Examples include trimethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxylaurate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, and t-butyl peroxyacetate.

Among these, a radical reaction initiator having a high hydrogen abstraction ability is particularly preferred because the crosslinking reaction proceeds efficiently and the amount used is small. Preferred examples of the radical initiator having a high hydrogen abstraction ability include benzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, α, α-bis (t-butylperoxy ) Diisopropylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (t-butylperoxy)
Examples include hexane and di-t-hexyl peroxide.

  As for the usage-amount of a radical reaction initiator, 0.01-10 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of polyester resins. When the amount of the radical reaction initiator used is 0.01 parts by mass or more, the crosslinking reaction tends to proceed, and when it is 10 parts by mass or less, the odor tends to be good.

  Moreover, it is preferable to dilute and use a crosslinking reaction initiator with a diluent. By adding the radical reaction initiator diluted with a diluent, it tends to suppress the self-induced degradation of the radical reaction initiator, ensuring safety during the production of the polyester resin, and the radical reaction initiator by self-induced degradation. Wasteful consumption can be suppressed, and the amount of radical reaction initiator used can be reduced.

  As the diluent, a mold release agent is preferable, and a diluent that does not inhibit the crosslinking reaction of unsaturated double bonds is preferably used. As those that do not inhibit the crosslinking reaction of unsaturated double bonds, hydrocarbon-based release agents are preferred, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, microcrystalline wax, and paraffin wax; Examples thereof include oxides of aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes such as oxidized polyethylene wax; or block compounds thereof.

  Note that the melting point of the release agent is preferably 120 ° C. or less because mixing with a crosslinking reaction initiator is easy and the low-temperature fixability of the toner can be further enhanced. As the mold release agent having a melting point of 120 ° C. or less, paraffin wax is most preferable.

  The method of diluting a crosslinking reaction initiator with a mold release agent is a method of mixing a liquid crosslinking reaction initiator into a mold release agent liquefied by heating, or dissolving and mixing a solid crosslinking reaction initiator in a liquid mold release agent. And a method of impregnating a solid mold release agent with a liquid crosslinking reaction initiator. Among them, from the viewpoint of uniformity and dispersibility of the crosslinking reaction initiator, a method of mixing a liquid crosslinking reaction initiator with a liquefied release agent or a solid crosslinking reaction initiator with a liquefied release agent. The method of dissolving is preferred.

  About the apparatus which performs a crosslinking reaction, a melt mixing apparatus is preferable from a viewpoint of mixing a polyester resin and a crosslinking reaction initiator uniformly in a short time.

  Examples of the melt mixing apparatus include a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder, a continuous closed mixer, a gear extruder, a disk extruder and a roll mill extruder, a continuous melt mixing apparatus such as a static mixer, a Banbury mixer, a Brabender mixer, Examples thereof include a batch closed type melt mixing apparatus such as a haake mixer.

  Among these, a continuous melt mixing apparatus is preferable because a crosslinking reaction initiator can be efficiently dispersed in a polyester resin in a short time.

The toner containing the polyester resin for toner of the present invention is obtained by blending known colorants, charge control agents, release agents, additives such as flow modifiers, magnetic materials and the like. If necessary, a binder resin other than the polyester resin of the present invention may be included.
Examples of the binder resin other than the polyester resin of the present invention include styrene resins, styrene-acrylic resins, cyclic olefin resins, methacrylic acid resins, and epoxy resins.

  Examples of the present invention are shown below. The evaluation method was as follows.

(1) Glass transition temperature (Tg)
Intersection of the base line on the low temperature side of the chart and the tangent line of the endothermic curve near the glass transition temperature when measured with a differential scanning calorimeter DSC-60 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min The temperature of was determined.

(2) Acid value Approximately 0.2 g of sample is precisely weighed in a branched Erlenmeyer flask (A (g)), 10 ml of benzyl alcohol is added, and the resin is dissolved by heating in a nitrogen atmosphere for 15 minutes with a heater at 230 ° C. did. After cooling to room temperature, 10 ml of benzyl alcohol, 20 ml of chloroform and a few drops of a phenolphthalein solution were added and titrated with a 0.02N KOH solution (titrate = B (ml), titer of KOH solution = p). . A blank measurement was performed in the same manner (titer amount = C (ml)), and calculation was performed according to the following formula.
Acid value (mgKOH / g) = (BC) × 0.02 × 56.11 × p ÷ A
(3) Peak molecular weight (Mp)
From the retention time corresponding to the peak value of the obtained elution curve by the gel permeation chromatography method, the peak molecular weight (Mp) was determined in terms of standard polystyrene. The peak value of the elution curve is a point where the elution curve shows a maximum, and when there are two or more maximum values, the elution curve gives the maximum value.
Apparatus: Toyo Soda Industry Co., Ltd., HLC8020
Column: Toyo Soda Industry Co., Ltd., TSKgelGMHXL (column size: 7.8 mm (ID) x 30.0 cm (L)) connected in series Oven temperature: 40 ° C
Eluent: THF
Sample concentration: 4 mg / 10 mL
Filtration conditions: Filter sample solution with 0.45 μm Teflon membrane filter Flow rate: 1 mL / min Injection amount: 0.1 mL
Detector: RI
(4) Durability Durability was evaluated by a storage elastic modulus using a rotary rheometer (DAR-100 manufactured by REOLOGICA).
Measurement mode: Oscillation strain control
Geometry: 25mmφ parallel plate GAP: 1mm
Frequency: 1Hz
Strain: 0.001
Measurement temperature: 80 to 240 ° C. (temperature increase at 3 ° C./min)
The evaluation criteria were as follows using the storage elastic modulus (G ′).
◎ (very good): G 'of 1000 mPa or more
○ (Good): G ′ of 100 mPa or more and less than 1000 mPa
Δ (available): G ′ of 60 mPa or more and less than 100 mPa
X (Inferior): G 'of less than 60 mPa
(5) Grindability The grindability was evaluated by determining the residual resin rate remaining on the mesh. Here, the residual resin rate is obtained by sieving the resin after the normal pulverization step, obtaining a resin powder that passes through 16 mesh and does not pass through 22 mesh, 10.00 g of this classified resin powder is precisely weighed, After grinding for 10 seconds with a trio blender grinder (manufactured by Trio Science Co., Ltd.), passing through a 30-mesh sieve, precisely weighing the weight (A) g of the resin that does not pass, and obtaining the residual rate from the value of A by the following equation: This value is obtained by averaging this operation three times.
{(A) g / resin weight before grinding (10.00 g)} × 100 = resin remaining rate (%)
The grindability was evaluated as follows from the obtained resin residual ratio.
◎ (very good): Residual residual ratio of less than 55% ○ (good): Residual residual ratio of 55% to less than 65% Δ (available): Residual residual ratio of 65% to less than 75% x (poor): Resin residual rate of 75% or more Production Example 1
Polyhydric carboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol having the composition shown in Table 1 and 1500 ppm of antimony trioxide with respect to the total polyvalent carboxylic acid were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a distillation tower. In addition, the preparation composition described as a mol part in Table 1 is a mol part of each component with respect to 100 mol part of all the acid components.

  Next, the temperature was raised and heated so that the temperature in the reaction system became 265 ° C., and this temperature was maintained, and the esterification reaction was continued until no water was distilled from the reaction system. Next, the temperature in the reaction system was 280 ° C., the pressure in the reaction vessel was reduced, and a condensation reaction was carried out while distilling the diol component from the reaction system. When the stirring blade torque showed a predetermined torque, the reaction product was taken out and cooled to obtain Resin 1. The characteristic values of the resin 1 are shown in Table 1.

Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2
The polyvalent carboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol having the composition shown in Table 1 and 1000 ppm of dibutyltin oxide with respect to the total polyvalent carboxylic acid were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a distillation column. Next, the temperature was raised and heated so that the temperature in the reaction system became 260 ° C., and this temperature was maintained, and the esterification reaction was carried out until no water was distilled from the reaction system. Next, the temperature in the reaction system was set to 220 ° C., the pressure in the reaction vessel was reduced, and a condensation reaction was carried out while distilling the diol component from the reaction system. When the stirring blade torque showed a predetermined torque, the reaction product was taken out and cooled to obtain resins 2 to 6. Table 1 shows the characteristic values of each resin.

In addition, isosorbide is Polysorb-P (registered trademark) (Roquette Am).
erica, Inc).

Example 4
90 parts by mass of a release agent (SP-0160 manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd.) is heated to 75 ° C. and melted, and 10 parts by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexane. Was added, and the resulting mixture was cooled and pulverized to prepare a crosslinking initiator I diluted with a release agent.

  Using a twin screw extruder (Ikegai PCM-29: L / D = 30), 15 parts by mass of resin 1 and 85 parts by mass of resin 2 were melt-kneaded and then diluted with a release agent. 0.2 parts by mass of a reaction initiator I was supplied to an extruder, and a crosslinking reaction was carried out at an external temperature setting of 180 ° C. and a residence time of 3 minutes to obtain a resin A. The evaluation results of Resin A are shown in Table 2.

Examples 5 and 6, Comparative Example 3
Resins B to D were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the resin mixed with the resin 1 was changed as shown in Table 2. The evaluation results for each resin are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 4
Resin E was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the resin 1 and the resin 6 were melt-kneaded and then the crosslinking reaction initiator diluted with the release agent was not supplied. The evaluation results of Resin E are shown in Table 2.

  In Comparative Example 3, since the resin 5 did not contain the repeating unit represented by the formula (1), the grindability was poor.

  In Comparative Example 4, since it did not have a crosslinked structure with an unsaturated double bond, the durability was inferior.

Claims (2)

A toner comprising a repeating unit represented by formula (1) and a polyester resin for toner having an unsaturated double bond.
The polyester resin for toner is obtained by polycondensation of a monomer mixture containing a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and the monomer mixture contains a polyvalent carboxylic acid having an unsaturated double bond and an unsaturated group. 2. A mixture comprising at least one of a polyhydric alcohol having a saturated double bond and 0.5 mol part or more of a polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2) with respect to 100 mol parts of a polyvalent carboxylic acid. A toner comprising the polyester resin for toner described in 1.