JP2016061557A - Bedding panel heater in vehicle cargo room - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To arrange a bedding panel heater that is installed on a floor surface of a load-carrying platform and that can be easily removed from a tight air-sealed box type load-carrying platform enclosed by heat insulation panels so as to prevent the loaded cargoes from being frozen.SOLUTION: A cargo chamber of a box-type cargo platform VB enclosed by heat-insulation panels is divided into a front room FR and a rear room RR by a partition. When cargoes in the rear room RR are apt to be frozen, a bedding panel heater 1 is set. The bedding panel heater 1 comprises a laminated body in which an upper floor plate, a planer electric heater placed at an intermediate part and a lower heat insulation panel plate are laminated and comprises a frame for fastening and fixing the laminated body. When a temperature in the rear room RR is lowered and freezing may occur, the planer electrical heater is electrically energized from a battery installed on a vehicle or a commercial power supply to heat the rear room RR efficiently. The bedding panel heater 1 is removed from the rear room RR when it is not necessary to avoid reduction in internal size of the box-type load-carrying platform VB.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  In order to transport cargo such as refrigerated goods and frozen goods, the present invention is equipped with a refrigeration system and is mounted on a floor of a box-type cargo bed in a vehicle equipped with a sealed box-type cargo bed surrounded by a heat insulating panel. The present invention relates to a floor panel heater equipped with an electric heater to be used.

2. Description of the Related Art A rectangular parallelepiped box-shaped loading platform having a roof and hermetically sealed is widely used as a loading platform for trucks that are vehicles for cargo transportation. The box-type loading platform has the advantages that cargo damage due to wind and rain can be prevented, packaging can be simplified and cargo collapse can be easily prevented. In the field of freight transportation by trucks and the like, there is an increasing demand for transportation of perishable cargo such as fresh food such as vegetables and seafood, or frozen products.
For the transportation of such cargo, a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle (temperature control vehicle) is used, which is equipped with a sealed box-type cargo bed surrounded by heat insulation panels and keeps the temperature in the cargo compartment at a low temperature by a refrigeration apparatus. Recently, more stringent temperature control is required from the viewpoint of food safety, and from the viewpoint of pursuing the convenience of small-lot delivery such as delivery to so-called convenience stores, partition panels (inside A loading platform that divides a plurality of rooms into a plurality of rooms and accommodates various types of cargo such as refrigerated products and frozen products is also generally used.

  By the way, since there are many cargoes whose quality deteriorates due to freezing in the cargoes to be transported, it is necessary to prevent overcooling in the cargo compartment of the box-type carrier. For example, when a temperature-controlled vehicle is used in an environment where the temperature of the outside air is below −20 ° C. in the severe winter season in a cold region, even if the box-type cargo bed is surrounded by a thermal insulation panel, Quality deterioration due to freezing is likely to occur. In addition, there is also a demand for keeping the inside of the box-type cargo bed at about 20 ° C. at room temperature so as not to impair the taste of the cooked rice, etc., when carrying the lunch box containing the cooked rice after cooking.

In order to prevent overcooling of cargo in the cargo compartment, a box-type cargo bed equipped with a device for heating the cargo compartment is known. As an example, the loading platform described in Utility Model Registration No. 3036665 is a loading platform that does not include a refrigeration apparatus for transporting beer, soft drinks, etc., and as shown in FIG. Heating pipes HP1 and HP2 are installed under the floor. A heat insulating material IN is laid on the lower side of the heating pipe HP1 and the like, and a heat insulating material IN is also attached to the inner side surface of the cargo bed VB.
As shown in FIG. 5B, the heating pipe HP1 and the like are connected to an engine cooling water circulation system including a radiator RA so that engine cooling water that has become a high temperature by cooling the vehicle engine flows. When there is a risk of freezing beer or the like to be transported in a cold region, hot engine cooling water to be circulated through the radiator RA is switched to the heating pipe HP1, etc. by switching the solenoid valve SV, and the cargo bed VB is heated. Prevents a decrease in taste due to freezing.

  Although not shown, the heating device in the cargo compartment of the box-type cargo bed disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3246866 has a double structure in which the floor of the cargo compartment is composed of an upper plate and a lower plate, and is heated in an intermediate room. A wind is supplied, and the warm air is blown out from a blowout opening provided in the upper plate into the cargo compartment. Exhaust heat from the engine of the vehicle is used as a heat source for the warm air, and the outside air that has become hot due to heat exchange with the exhaust heat is blown into the cargo compartment. In order to heat the outside air while the engine of the vehicle is stopped, an electric heater connected to a vehicle-mounted battery or the like is attached to the heating device as ancillary equipment.

Utility Model Registration No. 3036665 Japanese Patent No. 3246866

  A device that heats a box-type carrier to prevent freezing of cargo, such as the device described in Patent Document 1 or 2, heats exhaust heat of the engine such as high-temperature cooling water after cooling the vehicle engine. There are many sources. Although such a heating device effectively uses exhaust heat and is preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving, it is necessary to prepare a large-scale facility such as burying a pipe for high-temperature fluid under the floor of the cargo bed. In cold districts, the cooling water in the pipe may freeze, and countermeasures are required, so that the vehicle becomes expensive. Moreover, since it is necessary to install pipes for high-temperature fluid under the floor of the loading platform, the floor surface becomes higher, the internal height of the box-type loading platform is reduced, and the cargo load is also reduced.

A temperature-controlled vehicle equipped with a refrigeration system employs a heat pump type refrigerator that can be switched to heating operation. When preventing cargo from freezing, warm air is sent from the cold air outlet to heat the inside of the cargo bed. can do. However, the cold air outlet is installed at the top near the ceiling on the front side (in the vehicle traveling direction) of the cargo compartment so that it is suitable for the circulation of cold air by natural convection. The warm air stays in the upper part of the cargo room without causing natural convection, and the cargo room cannot be heated uniformly. In particular, in a box-type cargo bed divided into a plurality of rooms with a partition panel, the front room with the cold air outlet is a freezer room for frozen products, and the rear room that needs to be heated is warm. It is not easy to send wind.
An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for heating the cargo compartment of a box-type cargo bed so as to prevent the freezing of cargo by simple means and solve the above-mentioned problems.

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a sealed box-type cargo bed surrounded by a heat insulating panel, and is provided with a removable floor panel heater laid on the floor surface of the cargo bed. When an electric heater is embedded and attached to prevent overcooling of the cargo compartment, the sheet electric heater is energized and heated. That is, the present invention
“A removable floor panel heater that is laid on the floor of a cargo box of a vehicular box-type cargo bed surrounded by an insulating panel and cooled by a refrigeration system.
The floor panel heater includes a laminate in which a floor plate disposed in an upper portion, a planar electric heater disposed in an intermediate portion, and a heat insulating panel plate disposed in a lower portion are stacked, It is placed on the peripheral edge of the panel heater and has a frame for fixing the laminate.
In order to prevent overcooling of the cargo compartment, the planar electric heater is energized. ''
It is a floor panel heater characterized by that.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the planar electric heater comprises a planar heating element having PTC characteristics. Moreover, it is preferable to arrange | position a cushioning material between the said planar electric heater and the said heat insulation panel board as described in Claim 3.

  As described in claim 4, a heat storage material can be disposed between the floor board and the planar electric heater.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the heat insulating panel plate disposed in the lower part of the laminate is a heat insulating plate having a sandwich structure in which metal thin plates are laminated on both surfaces of a heat insulating material of foamed synthetic resin.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the floor plate can be an aluminum plate having an uneven portion formed on the upper surface. Alternatively, as described in claim 7, the floor board can be an insulating synthetic resin board.

The floor panel heater of the present invention is a cargo room of a box-type carrier mounted on a vehicle, and is laid on the floor surface of the cargo room that is surrounded by a heat insulating panel and can be cooled by a refrigeration apparatus. In addition, a planar electric heater (film heater) is disposed below the floor plate on the surface of the floor panel heater, and a heating device that heats the cargo compartment by energizing the heater. The electric heater built in the floor panel heater of the present invention is planar, and compared with a heating device in which a pipe for high-temperature fluid is installed under the floor, the height of the floor surface on which cargo is loaded is increased. It is possible to suppress.
And the floor panel heater is detachably laid on the floor of the cargo room, and when using a box-type cargo bed in a place where there is no risk of cargo freezing, remove it from the floor of the cargo room and store it separately. Moved to place. At this time, it becomes the same height as the floor surface of the loading platform not provided with the heating device, and the reduction of the internal height of the box-type loading platform is avoided.

The heating method of the floor panel heater of the present invention is electric heating, and it is possible to easily manufacture a heater having a free size, install it in a free place, and perform simple control. Moreover, since electric power is supplied from the vehicle-mounted battery, heating can be performed, for example, even if the engine is in a so-called idling stop state regardless of the operating state of the engine of the vehicle. When a commercial power source is available, power may be supplied from here to prevent battery drain.
Heat generated from the planar electric heater of the floor panel heater is transmitted to the upper floor plate, and the temperature of the floor plate rises. In the floor panel heater according to the present invention, since the heat insulating panel is disposed below the planar electric heater, the heat of the electric heater is efficiently transmitted to the upper floor plate and the temperature is increased. Heat is transferred from the heated floorboard to the cargo compartment by radiation or natural convection, but since the floor panel heater is located on the lowest floor, heat is also efficiently transferred to the cargo compartment here. The cargo compartment is evenly heated.

The invention according to claim 2 employs a planar heating element having PTC (positive temperature coefficient) characteristics as the planar electric heater. As is well known, a PTC characteristic heating element has a characteristic that resistance increases as the temperature rises, and is self-controlled so that the temperature is constant. Therefore, by adopting this, the safety and control of the electric heater can be facilitated.
If the cushioning material is arranged between the planar electric heater and the heat insulating panel plate as in the invention of claim 3, the impact on the electric heater due to the vibration of the vehicle is alleviated, and the electric heater Damage and deterioration are prevented.

  According to the invention of claim 4, a heat storage material is arranged between the floor board and the planar electric heater, whereby the heat generated by the electric heater can be effectively used. As the heat storage material, a well-known paraffin-based or normal paraffin-based latent heat storage material is preferable.

  The invention of claim 5 is a sandwich in which metal thin plates (for example, aluminum thin plates) are laminated on both surfaces of a heat insulating material of foamed synthetic resin (for example, expanded polystyrene resin) as a heat insulating panel plate disposed at the lower part of the laminate. A heat insulating plate having a structure is used. Such a heat insulating plate has a high strength with a metal thin plate as a reinforcing material, and has the same structure as a general heat insulating panel surrounding the box-type cargo bed. The cost for manufacturing a floor panel heater will be reduced.

  As in the invention of claim 6, when the floor plate is an aluminum plate having an uneven portion formed on the upper surface, since aluminum is a material having excellent thermal conductivity, the floor plate is heated by the heat generated by the planar electric heater. The temperature becomes uniform and heat can be quickly transferred to the luggage compartment. Moreover, such an aluminum plate is a common floor material called an aluminum stripe plate, and is easily available.

By the way, when the current flowing through the planar electric heater changes, the magnetic field changes, and so-called induced current may flow through the floor plate made of an aluminum plate. Although this current is very weak, there is a risk that when the operator touches the floor board, it feels a little uncomfortable, or the metal cargo is energized.
When the floor board is an insulating synthetic resin board as in the seventh aspect of the invention, the generation of induced current can be prevented. As the synthetic resin plate, those having relatively good strength and thermal conductivity, or fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) are preferable.

It is a figure which shows the box-type load carrier which laid the floor panel heater of this invention. It is an exploded view of the floor covering panel heater of this invention. It is a figure which shows the cross section of the flooring panel heater of this invention. It is a figure showing the heating characteristic of the flooring panel heater of this invention. It is a figure which shows the heating apparatus of the conventional box-type loading platform.

  Hereinafter, the floor panel heater of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, a sealed box-type cargo bed on which a floor panel panel heater is installed and a vehicle on which it is mounted will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the vehicle on which the floor panel heater 1 of the present invention is installed is a truck on which a box-type cargo bed (van body) VB is mounted. A refrigeration apparatus 2 for cooling the cargo compartment is provided. In this embodiment, the refrigeration apparatus 2 is a so-called electric refrigerator, and its compressor and the like are driven by a motor using a battery 3 mounted on the vehicle as a power source.
The electric refrigerator can cool the cargo compartment by the refrigeration apparatus 2 even when the engine of the vehicle is stopped due to idling stop or loading / unloading of the cargo. The generated noise is very small. The operation of the refrigeration apparatus 2 is controlled by a control panel 4 attached to the front surface of the box-type cargo bed VB, and a battery 3 as a driving power source of the refrigeration apparatus 2 is charged by a generator 5 that is an auxiliary machine of a vehicle engine.

Similar to a general refrigeration vehicle, a heat insulating panel IP is attached to the inside of the wall surface of the box-type cargo bed VB, and the cargo room is surrounded by the heat insulating panel. And the partition 6 is provided in the cargo compartment of the box-type loading platform VB, and the cargo compartment is divided | segmented into the front chamber FR and the rear chamber RR.
In the upper part of the front wall in the front chamber FR, an outlet 21 of the refrigeration apparatus 2 is opened, as shown in FIG. Then, cool air is sent out from here into the front chamber FR, and a part of the cool air passes through the opening (not shown) of the partition 6 and is also introduced into the rear chamber RR. The operation of the refrigeration apparatus 2 and the amount of cold air introduced into each cargo compartment are, for example, placed in the vehicle cab so that the temperature of the front chamber FR is maintained at about 5 ° C. and the temperature of the rear chamber RR is maintained at about 18 ° C. In response to the operation of the temperature setting means, it is controlled by a control device in the control panel 4. Thus, when the cargo compartment is divided into a front chamber and a rear chamber, the temperature of the front chamber with the cold air outlet is set to a lower temperature. For example, in the case of a vehicle carrying frozen goods, the front chamber Is maintained at -10 ° C or lower.

  When transporting cargo that is not to be frozen in a cold region, the floor panel heater 1 of the present invention is laid on the floor surface of the rear chamber RR. Therefore, the width and length of the floor panel heater 1 are set to dimensions that match the floor surface of the rear chamber RR. A plurality of floor panel heaters having a smaller size may be used to cover the floor surface of the rear chamber RR. As will be described later, the floor panel heater 1 incorporates an electrical heater. When the rear chamber RR is in an overcooled state and its temperature drops to a temperature at which it may freeze, this electrical heater is used. The heater is energized and heated.

  The floor panel heater 1 is detachably laid on the floor surface of the rear chamber RR, and is removed from the floor surface of the cargo room and moved to another storage location in a place where there is no risk of freezing. At this time, the floor height of the floor of the box-type cargo bed VB does not decrease and the load capacity does not decrease because the floor-panel heater 1 is not provided.

Next, the structure of the floor panel heater 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in the exploded view of FIG. 2, the floor panel heater 1 of this embodiment includes a floor plate 11 disposed at an upper portion, a planar electric heater 12 disposed below the floor plate 11, and an electric heater 12. The laminated body 1L which laminated | stacked sequentially the cushioning material 13 placed under this, and the heat insulation panel board 14 arrange | positioned in the lowest part is provided. The laminated body 1L has a rectangular shape in plan view, and a frame 1F having a U-shaped cross section formed of a synthetic resin is fitted into the four sides serving as the peripheral portions, and as shown in FIG. Tighten and fix each layer of the body 1L.
The floor panel heater 1 'of the modification shown in FIG. 3 (b) has a heat storage material HA sandwiched between a planar electric heater 12' and a floor plate 11 '. As the heat storage material HA, a known heat storage material in which a normal paraffin-based latent heat storage material is enclosed in a bag is used. The cushion material 13 ′ and the heat insulating panel 14 ′ are the same as those in FIG.

In this example, the planar electric heater 12 includes five planar heating elements FH (film heaters) having a PTC characteristic using a semiconductor. Each planar heating element FH includes: Electric power is supplied from the in-vehicle battery 3 via the cable CB. A connector for connecting the cable CB to the battery 3 is installed in the rear chamber RR of the box-type carrier VB of FIG. A commercial power source can be connected to the connector, and the sheet heating element FH can be energized from the commercial power source.
A cushion member 13 is disposed below the planar heating element FH to prevent the planar heating element FH from being damaged due to vehicle vibration or the like. As the cushion material 13, a foam synthetic resin sheet called a pef sheet is used.

For the floor plate 11 placed on the top of the laminate 1L, an aluminum plate having a concavo-convex portion on the surface is used for preventing slippage. Such an aluminum plate is a general flooring material for a box-type cargo bed and is called an aluminum striped plate. The heat insulation panel 14 placed at the lowermost part of the laminate 1L is a sandwich structure heat insulation plate in which aluminum thin plates are laminated on both surfaces of a foamed polystyrene resin heat insulating material, and is usually used as a heat insulation panel surrounding a cargo compartment. It is the same as an insulation panel board.
The material constituting the laminated body 1L is a material that is lightweight but has high strength and rigidity, and is usually used in a box-type cargo bed. Therefore, the floor panel heater 1 of the present invention has high strength, and It can be manufactured at a low cost.

The characteristic at the time of the heating of the floor panel heater 1 of this invention provided with such a structure is demonstrated, referring also to FIG.
When the temperature of the rear chamber RR of the box-type cargo bed VB is lowered and it is in a supercooled state where there is a risk of freezing, the sheet heating element FH of the floor panel heater 1 controls the vehicle-mounted battery 3. The panel 4 is energized while adjusting the voltage or the like (see FIG. 1). Incidentally, the sheet heating element FH used here has a specification that can be set to a voltage in the range of 3 to 400 V for both AC and DC, and the power from the battery is boosted to 100 V by the control panel and supplied. The
Since the heat insulation panel board 14 provided with the heat insulating material is disposed below the planar heating element FH, the heat generated from the planar heating element FH is efficiently transmitted to the aluminum plate which is the upper floor board 11. . Aluminum is a material having a high thermal conductivity, and the floor plate 11 is rapidly heated in a uniform state by the heat of the planar heating element FH.

In FIG. 4, each part of the rear chamber RR (a cubic loading room having a side of 2 m) when the floor panel heater 1 according to the present invention is energized (electric power: about 1 Kw) under the condition that the outside air temperature is 0 ° C. Shows the change in temperature over time. As shown in this figure, the surface temperature of the floor board 11 heated by the planar heating element FH having PTC characteristics rises with a large gradient at first, but gradually becomes gentle, and reaches about 50 ° C. after 90 minutes. Further, the temperature in the vicinity of the surface of the floor board 11 and in the lower part of the cargo room (rear chamber RR) rises with a substantially constant gradient, and reaches about 20 ° C. after 90 minutes.
The rear chamber RR is surrounded by a heat insulating panel, and heat radiation to the outside air is blocked, so that the room is efficiently heated. And since the heat from the floor board 11 is transmitted into the cargo compartment by radiation or natural convection, the temperature of the upper part of the cargo compartment and the temperature of the central part of the cargo compartment are almost the same. These temperatures rise following it in a slightly lower state below the lower part of the cargo compartment and exceed 20 ° C. after about 105 minutes. The rapidity of this temperature rise is equivalent to that of a conventional heating device that employs a heat pump refrigerator and heats the rear chamber RR and consumes a large amount of energy.

  After the overall room temperature of the rear chamber RR exceeds 20 ° C., the energization of the planar heating element FH is cut off, and the surface temperature of the floor plate 11 rapidly decreases. The room temperature of the rear chamber RR begins to fall slightly later, and after about 30 minutes, the temperature of the upper part of the cargo compartment or the central part of the cargo compartment drops to 18 ° C. As in the floor panel heater 1 ′ of the modified example of FIG. 3B, the thermal insulation material HA is sandwiched between the planar electric heater 12 ′ and the floor plate 11 ′. The time to improve and drop to 18 ° C. can be extended approximately twice.

  When an aluminum plate is used as the floor plate 11, if the current flowing through the electric heater 12 changes, a weak induced current may flow through the aluminum plate. Such an induced current can be removed by grounding the cargo bed. However, in order to prevent the generation of the induced current, it is preferable to use a synthetic resin plate such as polycarbonate as an insulating material for the floor plate.

  As described above in detail, the present invention is a sealed box-type cargo bed surrounded by thermal insulation panels, in which a removable floor panel heater embedded with a planar electric heater is laid on the bed floor. In order to prevent overcooling in the cargo compartment, a sheet-like electric heater is energized and heated. In the above embodiment, the floor panel heater is laid on a vehicle equipped with an electric refrigerator driven by a motor as a refrigeration apparatus, but the floor panel heater of the present invention is driven by an engine such as a vehicle. Needless to say, it can be applied to a vehicle equipped with a refrigerator. Further, in the above embodiment, as the heat insulation panel plate disposed at the lowermost part of the laminate, a heat insulating plate having a sandwich structure in which aluminum thin plates are laminated on both sides of a heat insulating material of foamed synthetic resin is used. Alternatively, a synthetic resin thin plate may be laminated. Further, it is apparent that various modifications can be made to the embodiment, such as using an aluminum mold instead of a synthetic resin as a U-shaped frame for fastening and fixing the laminate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Flooring panel heater 11 Floor board 12 Electric heater 13 Cushioning material 14 Heat insulation panel board 1L Laminate body 1F Frame body 2 Refrigeration equipment 3 Battery VB Box-type loading platform FR Front room RR Rear room

Claims (7)

A detachable floor panel heater that is laid on the cargo floor of a box-type cargo bed for a vehicle surrounded by a heat insulating panel and cooled by a refrigeration system.
The floor panel heater includes a laminate in which a floor plate disposed in an upper portion, a planar electric heater disposed in an intermediate portion, and a heat insulating panel plate disposed in a lower portion are stacked, It is placed on the peripheral edge of the panel heater and has a frame for fixing the laminate.
In order to prevent overcooling of the cargo compartment, the planar electric heater is energized with the planar electric heater. 2. The floor panel heater according to claim 1, wherein the planar electric heater comprises a planar heating element having PTC characteristics. The flooring panel heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a cushioning material is disposed between the planar electric heater and the heat insulating panel plate. The floor panel heater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a heat storage material is disposed between the floor plate and the planar electric heater. The floor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat insulation panel plate disposed at a lower portion of the laminate is a heat insulation plate having a sandwich structure in which metal thin plates are laminated on both surfaces of a foamed synthetic resin heat insulating material. Panel heater. The floor panel heater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the floor plate is an aluminum plate having a concavo-convex portion formed on an upper surface thereof. The floor panel heater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the floor plate is an insulating synthetic resin plate.