JP2016057950A - Electronic passport and inspection method and inspection system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electronic passport structure capable of easily detecting that an IC chip part in the electronic passport is fraudulently removed and mounted to another forged passport.SOLUTION: An electronic passport includes an IC tag having a loop antenna and an IC chip. The electronic passport includes a predetermined pattern for authenticity determination on a cover or on a page inside. The IC chip has the pattern as well as a location thereof in memory as image information. Specifically, the cover of the electronic passport having the pattern is made of a cloth material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a configuration to be provided in an electronic passport and an inspection method thereof for facilitating forgery determination of an electronic postport provided with an IC chip inside a booklet. In particular, the booklet appearance and the consistency of the IC chip are problems.

  A small RFID tag that can read and write information stored in IC chips wirelessly without contact is used for ID card for entry / exit management, subway, bus, ferry and other transportation tickets, or electronic money settlement The IC card is built in and widely used. Alternatively, it is affixed as a label for sealing and sealing various products and articles themselves or cases distributed in the market, and is also used for purposes such as shoplifting prevention, authentication, history management, distribution management, inventory management, and the like.

  An RFID tag (hereinafter simply referred to as an IC tag) itself is an IC chip connected to the loop antenna 5 and a coiled loop antenna 5 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, as shown in partial views in FIGS. 6 (or IC module) is a very simple structure in which a thin substrate 10 is disposed. However, practically, the front or back of the substrate 10 is covered with a protective sheet 12 for use. It is normal.

  In an IC card system, electromagnetic waves are radiated from a loop antenna of a reader / writer that writes data to or reads data from an IC card. The radiated electromagnetic wave is received by a loop antenna provided inside the IC card. As a result, communication is performed between the IC card and the reader / writer. However, since it is not necessary to incorporate a battery as an energy source, the battery can be reduced in size and weight, and can be used semipermanently unless it is destroyed. As a communication frequency, a 900 MHz band or a 2.45 GHz band and a 5.8 GHz band capable of reducing the loop antenna are used, and a communicable distance is about several tens of centimeters to several meters.

  Specific examples of label usage include pasting on inconspicuous parts for inventory / history management of products, etc., and sticking to folds and closures such as sealing bags and housings of electronic devices. Sealing seals to be mentioned. Another example is when used around food bottles such as liquor, wine bottles, jams, dressings, sauces, spices, or plastic container lids and stoppers. These containers often cover part or all of the lid or stopper and the side of the container with a shrink film as evidence that the container is not opened or unopened.

  Neither the card nor the label has a built-in battery for driving, and the necessary power is acquired from the received electromagnetic wave, so it is thin and light and does not require maintenance, but it is necessary to transmit and receive the electromagnetic wave as efficiently as possible.

  There is an electronic passport as one of the applications that make use of the features of such an IC tag. The electronic passport is an 88 mm wide and 125 mm wide IC tag in which a personal information related to the owner is registered in a predetermined part. It is a booklet of the shape shown. In addition to a page for imprinting a stamp for confirmation of entry and departure, a page for attaching an entry visa is provided. A visa must be affixed to the designated column in the booklet for each country that requires it. In the past, this visa was usually affixed with printed matter, but due to its convenience and security, adoption and conversion of electronic visas are also being attempted. A visa is issued for each country and affixed to the inner page of the passport.

JP 2003-258581 A JP 2002-222400 A

  However, with the adoption of an electronic passport with a built-in IC tag, the owner's face image and fingerprints are stored on the IC chip and can be viewed and verified at the time of inspection. Therefore, it cannot be said that there is no danger of unauthorized use by incorporating it into another passport booklet.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides an external configuration of an electronic passport that can easily detect that an IC chip built in the electronic passport has been illegally removed and is mounted on another forged passport booklet, and an inspection method thereof. The purpose was to provide an inspection system.

  The invention described in claim 1 for achieving the above object is an electronic passport including an IC tag having a loop antenna and an IC chip, and includes a pattern for authenticity determination on a cover or in the text. The electronic passport is characterized in that the pattern is stored in a memory together with its position as image data.

  The invention according to claim 2 for achieving the above object is the electronic passport according to claim 1, wherein the cover having the pattern is a cloth material.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that there are a plurality of patterns for authenticity determination, and the patterns are distributed on the cover or in the text. The electronic passport described in 2 is used.

  According to a fourth aspect of the invention for achieving the above object, the imaging data obtained by imaging a predetermined part of the electronic passport is compared with the image data of the predetermined part held in the memory of the IC chip. The electronic passport inspection method is characterized by determining authenticity.

  The invention according to claim 5 for achieving the above object is characterized in that the predetermined portion is arranged in a distributed manner in a cover or text of the electronic passport. This is an inspection method.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 6 is at least
A reader / writer for communicating with an IC tag built in the electronic passport;
An imaging system for imaging the cover or text of an electronic passport;
Read the image data held in the memory of the IC tag through a reader / writer,
An electronic passport inspection system comprising: a control system for comparing and collating with imaging data obtained from an imaging system.

  In the present invention, the appearance features of a predetermined part of an electronic passport having a booklet structure are stored in advance in the memory of an IC chip as electronic data (image data), and the same part of the electronic passport is stored during passport inspection. Image data is acquired by capturing an image, and comparison between these data is performed to check the consistency between the booklet portion of the electronic passport and the IC chip, thereby determining the authenticity of the passport.

  In the present invention, the imaging information of any part in the electronic passport booklet is held in the IC chip as data for authenticity determination, and it is checked how many images are used and how many images are used. It is very difficult to manufacture the electronic passport, and the security of the electronic passport can be greatly improved.

  Since the image information can be selected afterwards from the same completely structured booklet, it is not necessary to manufacture a booklet having a different appearance for each individual, and security can be improved at a very low cost.

  Since an electronic passport imaging system is added to a conventional reader / writer system and only a comparison / collation system is introduced into the computer, the electronic passport system can be configured at a low cost.

It is a figure of the upper surface figure explaining the random pattern of a cover of an electronic passport, and an inspection system typically. (A) It is a figure of the top view for demonstrating the spread structure of an electronic passport booklet, and the position of a communication member. (B) It is a figure of the side view which shows the arrangement | positioning aspect of the loop antenna and IC chip of an electronic visa. It is a top view figure explaining typically a mode that the cover of the electronic passport was made into cloth cloth. It is a block diagram explaining the structure of the communication system which consists of the transmission side and receiving side of an electronic visa. It is a flowchart explaining the inspection method of the electronic passport which becomes this invention.

  The present invention uses a special pattern on the cover of an electronic passport to determine the authenticity of the passport. This pattern is stored in advance in an IC chip built in the passport as image data, and when the passport is inspected, the IC The position information of the part to be imaged is read from the chip, the same part is imaged, and it is checked whether or not it is the same as the stored image data read simultaneously.

  The passport 1 (passport) is stipulated in ISO size as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and has a crease 7 in the center composed of a plurality of weaving pages (visa column) 125 mm long and 88 mm wide. This is a double-page spread booklet. FIG. 2A is a front view external view as viewed from the inside of the booklet, and FIG. 3 is viewed from the outside.

  First, there is a cover 2 (first cover) showing the country name, and enters the body 4 from the second cover 2a on the back side. The second cover 2a and the first body 4 are the main parts of the passport, and the subsequent body is substantially In the visa column, important character information is also written on the third cover 2b. The visa column is where the stamp indicating the date and time of entry / exit is stamped, or the entry visa issued by the country you plan to enter (generally referred to as an entry visa or simply a visa) is attached here. In some cases, an electronic visa using the

In the electronic passport 1, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the IC chip 6 in which various information digitized and the communication antenna circuit 5 are not conspicuous at a predetermined portion in the booklet. Built-in, the convenience and security are greatly increased. In particular, security is improved because facial photos and fingerprint information are built-in and can be actually verified. In FIG. 2, the position where the IC chip 6 is built is between the cover 2 and the back (second cover 2 b), but may be placed on any page in the text 4.

  The antenna 5 generally has a loop shape. As shown in FIG. 2A, the metal wiring is laid in a rectangular shape as large as possible in the page (approximately 50 mm × 80 mm) and wound in two or more turns. The radio wave signal is received by resonating a resonance circuit including a loop antenna 5 and a capacitor (not shown) with the carrier frequency (carrier frequency) of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the reader / writer.

  The loop antenna 5 and a capacitor (not shown) are formed from a copper foil bonded to a thin film substrate (PET) 10 by a conventional etching method, or a punched metal foil is attached to a paper substrate 10 or the like via an adhesive. Paste and manufacture. In general, a capacitor constituting a resonance circuit in a pair with the antenna 5 is formed by forming an electrode pattern to be opposed to the substrate 10 at the same time when the loop antenna 5 is formed on the front and back of the substrate 10. The capacitance can be adjusted by adjusting the area of the opposing electrode.

  The IC chip 6 is connected to an island for connection at the end of the antenna formed on the substrate via an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) or anisotropic conductive paste (ACP) (not shown). Connected. The whole is sealed with a resin 11 to protect the IC chip 6 and the connecting portion.

Next, an outline of an electronic passport communication method will be described.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an electronic passport communication system. The system includes a reader / writer system 21 and an RFID system 20 on the electronic visa side. A batteryless RFID that does not have a battery for supplying power is used. The RFID-side capacitor 27 and the loop antenna 26b constitute a resonance circuit. The electromagnetic wave radiated from the reader / writer-side antenna 26a is received, and the received electromagnetic wave is converted into an electric signal, which is then processed on the IC chip 6 side.

  The reader / writer 21 includes a host computer 22, a DPU (Digital Processing Unit 23), a modulation circuit 24, a demodulation circuit, a loop antenna 26a, and an imaging system 33. The host computer 22 has a function of controlling the DPU 23 and writing predetermined data in the memory 31 on the RFID side 20 or reading the predetermined data and displaying it on the display on the reader / writer side. The DPU reads necessary data from the IC chip 6 on the RFID side. In the present invention, image data required for authenticity determination of the electronic passport and their position information are also read out.

  The DPU 23 generates control signals and transmission data for various controls based on commands from the host computer 22 and supplies them to the transformation circuit 24. Conversely, data is obtained from the IC chip 6 via the demodulation circuit 25 to generate reproduction data, which is output to the host computer 22. The host computer performs various data processing.

  In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the computer 22 controls the imaging system so as to image a predetermined part of the electronic passport 1 inserted into the slot 21a of the reader / writer 21 according to these pieces of information. And image data from the IC chip 6 are also compared and collated. The modulation circuit 14 and the demodulation circuit modulate the transmission data by superimposing the transmission data on the transmission wave, or demodulate the modulation wave from the IC chip 6 side and input it to the DPU 23. The loop antenna 26a radiates an electromagnetic wave corresponding to the modulation signal.

The RFID 20 side has a loop antenna 26b and a capacitor 2 as shown on the right side of FIG.
7 is composed of a resonance circuit 7 and an IC chip 6. The resonance frequency of the resonance circuit is generally set to a value corresponding to the oscillation frequency of the oscillator on the reader / writer 21 side, and is determined from the inductance of the loop antenna and the capacitance of the capacitor 27.

  The IC chip 6 includes a rectifier circuit 32, a modulation circuit 24, a demodulation circuit 25, a regulator 29, a sequencer 30, a high-pass filter 28, a memory 31, and the like. The rectifier circuit 32 rectifies and smoothes the AC signal supplied from the loop antenna 26 b and supplies a positive level voltage to the regulator 29. The regulator 29 has a function of stabilizing the voltage, converting it to a DC voltage of a predetermined level, and supplying power to the sequencer 30 and other electronic circuits.

  The modulation circuit 24 connected to the rectifier circuit 32 is configured by a series circuit of an impedance element and an FET (Field Effect Transistor) (not shown), and is connected in parallel with the loop antenna 26b that constitutes a coil of the resonance circuit. The FET has a function of switching to a state in which the impedance element is inserted in parallel to the loop antenna 26b or not in accordance with a signal from the sequencer 30. Thereby, the load on the RFID 20 side with respect to the loop antenna 26a on the reader / writer 21 side is changed, and reception and transmission are switched.

  The high pass filter 28 includes a capacitor and a resistor, and has a function of extracting a high frequency component superimposed on the signal rectified and smoothed by the rectifier circuit 32 and supplying the high frequency component to the demodulator circuit 25. The demodulation circuit 25 demodulates the input high frequency component signal and outputs it to the sequencer 30.

  The sequencer 30 has a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory) inside, stores a signal (command) input from the demodulation circuit 25 in the RAM, and follows a program built in the ROM. This is analyzed, and data stored in the memory 31 is read out as necessary based on the analyzed result. The sequencer 30 further has a function of generating a response signal for returning a response corresponding to the command and supplying the response signal to the modulation circuit 24.

  In addition, when the command supplied from the demodulation circuit 25 is a read command, the sequencer 30 reads data corresponding to the command from the memory. The sequencer 30 turns on or off the FET in accordance with the read data. When the FET is turned on, the impedance element is connected in parallel to the loop antenna 26b, and when the FET is turned off, the parallel connection is released. As a result, the impedance of the load circuit of the loop antenna 26a on the reader / writer side that is electromagnetically coupled via the loop antenna 26b is changed corresponding to the read data.

  The terminal voltage of the loop antenna 26a on the reader / writer side changes according to the change in impedance of the load. The demodulating circuit 25 has a function of demodulating the read data by reading this change and outputting it to the DPU 23. The DPU 23 appropriately processes the input data and outputs it to the host computer 22. The host computer 22 processes the read data input from the DPU 23 and displays necessary processing and results on a display (not shown).

  In the present invention, the comparison of the pattern of the predetermined part of the electronic passport 1 imaged by the imaging system 33 and the image data of the part in the IC chip 6 is performed. If the picked-up image data is different from the image data read from the IC chip 6, the passport is determined to be counterfeit because there is no inconsistency in the combination of appearance and IC chip.

  The image data provided in the genuine passport is preferably convenient and convenient on the cover 2 (first cover) as shown by the frames in FIGS. 1 and 3 because of the ease of imaging during passport inspection. However, any part that can be imaged may be in the text or on the back cover 3 (fourth cover). The position on the page may be anywhere, and the range is arbitrary. The number of imaging parts to be compared is not limited to one place, and may be a plurality of places or may extend over a plurality of pages.

  The imaging location 9 needs to be stored in the IC chip 6 in advance. In addition to the page position, the lower left of the passport is (0, 0), and data such as (x1, y1) to (x2, y2) as imaging coordinates must be stored as imaging target area information. It goes without saying that image data of the relevant part of the genuine passport is also stored in the IC chip. This process is performed when a passport is applied for and created. Even for the same booklet format, the place to select can be changed for each passport.

  It is not preferred that the comparison imaging part 9 of the electronic passport 1 is plain. It is desirable to have some fine pattern so that it can be seen as plain in the distance. From this point, it can be said that the cover 2 of the passport 1 is preferably a cloth material (cloth cloth) having a natural random pattern 9a as shown in FIG. Image data of the random pattern 9a on the cover is used as information unique to the authentic electronic passport, so-called fingerprint. The cover portion does not necessarily need to be a cloth cloth, but also in the case of paper printing, it is necessary to print and embed a pattern having some feature so as not to stand out.

  The authenticity determination pattern 9a may be character information other than the above-described image pattern, or may be used in combination with image data. There may be a character pattern that looks normal at a distance but has a defect when enlarged. Such a pattern for authenticity determination may be distributed throughout the booklet. A pattern that can be recognized with an eye for authenticity determination is not preferable. It is extremely difficult to counterfeit the entire comparison part including a cloth cloth cover having a complicated random structure, to wear a genuine booklet, and to attach the removed IC chip to make it look genuine.

  FIG. 5 shows a flow of the passport inspection of the electronic passport 1 in which the imaging target information and the image data of the relevant part are held in the IC chip 6, and the outline of the hardware configuration of the inspection system 13 is shown in FIG. 1. The passport inspection requires an imaging system (not shown) such as a target electronic passport 1, a reader / writer 21 that communicates with the IC tag of the electronic passport 1, an imaging camera that images the cover or body page of the electronic passport 1. is there.

  In addition to the normal functions described above, the reader / writer 21 needs a computer control system that reads out image data held in the memory of the IC tag via the communication function and compares and compares the image data obtained from the imaging system 33. It is.

  In the passport inspection, the passport is naturally inserted into the slot 21a of the reader / writer 21 and normal processing is performed. However, in the present invention, the passport appearance or the imaging processing in the text is simultaneously performed under the control of the computer (DPU) of the reader / writer 21. .

  As described in the RFID tag communication method, first, the reader / writer 21 reads the position information of the measurement target area and the authentic image data from the memory of the IC chip 6 built in the electronic passport 1 to the reader / writer 21 side. Stored in the computer.

Next, the entire cover or the entire body is imaged by the imaging camera provided in the reader / writer 21 according to the position information, and imaging data is acquired. Other pages other than the cover may need to be imaged according to the instructions. A necessary number of pieces of imaging data of parts necessary for collation are extracted from the imaging data. There are cases where corrections such as enlargement and reduction are required. An imaging camera (not shown) is not necessarily configured integrally with the reader / writer 21 of the IC tag as shown in FIG. 5 and may be separately configured in hardware, but control is performed by a computer on the reader / writer 21 side. It is necessary to

  Next, comparison / collation between the imaged data and the image data stored in advance is performed. In the comparison and collation, it is convenient to detect the difference by superimposing the genuine image data and the imaging data. If there is no difference, it is considered that the combination of the booklet body and the IC tag matches. In addition to the difference, various matching techniques can be applied for comparison and collation between images. If the passports are matched in consideration of aging, dirt, and other imaging errors, the passports are determined to match. If it is determined that this is not sufficient, it is comprehensively determined by comparing and collating another part. If the judgments do not match, the IC chip and the passport booklet are inconsistent and determined to be a forged passport.

  As described above, the security of the electronic passport can be greatly improved by adding the imaging information according to the present invention to the comparison of the data stored in the IC chip.

1, electronic passport 2, cover (first cover)
2a, second cover 2b, third cover 3, backing paper (fourth cover)
4, text 5, loop antenna 6, IC chip 7, crease 8, RFID (IC tag)
9, imaging location 9a, random pattern 10, film substrate 11, sealing resin 12, protective sheet (also a second cover)
13. Inspection system 20, RFID
21, Reader / Writer (RW)
21a, slot 22, host computer 23, DPU
24, modulation circuit 25, demodulation circuit 26, loop antenna 26a, reader / writer side loop antenna 26b, RDID side loop antenna 27, capacitor 28, high pass filter 29, regulator,
30, sequencer,
31, memory 32, rectifier circuit 33, printing layer

Claims (6)

  An electronic passport comprising an IC tag having a loop antenna and an IC chip, comprising a pattern for authenticity determination on the cover or in the text, and the IC chip holds the pattern in the memory together with its position as image data An electronic passport characterized by that.   2. The electronic passport according to claim 1, wherein a cover provided with the pattern is a cloth material.   3. The electronic passport according to claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of patterns for authenticity determination, and the electronic passports are distributed in a cover or text.   An electronic passport inspection method comprising: comparing image data obtained by imaging a predetermined part of an electronic passport with image data of the predetermined part held in a memory of an IC chip to determine authenticity.   5. The electronic passport inspection method according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined portion is arranged in a distributed manner in a cover or text of the electronic passport. at least,
A reader / writer for communicating with an IC tag built in the electronic passport;
An imaging system for imaging the cover or text of an electronic passport;
Read the image data held in the memory of the IC tag through a reader / writer,
An electronic passport inspection system comprising: a control system for comparing and collating with imaging data obtained from an imaging system.