JP2016051697A - Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nonaqueous electrolytic solution and a nonaqueous electrolyte battery which enable the improvement of discharge and storing characteristics, and high-temperature storing characteristic with good balance.SOLUTION: A nonaqueous electrolytic solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery including positive and negative electrodes capable of occluding and releasing metal ions comprises: an electrolyte; a nonaqueous solvent; (I)a compound expressed by the general formula (A); and (II)at least one compound selected from a group consisting of compounds expressed by the general formulas (B)-(D) and compounds having at least three cyano groups. A nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprises the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the same.

With the rapid progress of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook personal computers, there is an increasing demand for higher capacities for batteries used for the main power source and backup power source, such as nickel cadmium batteries and nickel Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries having higher energy density than hydrogen batteries have attracted attention.
As an electrolytic solution of the lithium ion secondary battery, an electrolyte such as LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiCF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₃ SO ₃ is used as a high dielectric constant such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. A typical example is a non-aqueous electrolyte solution dissolved in a mixed solvent of a solvent and a low-viscosity solvent such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or ethyl methyl carbonate.

  In addition, as a negative electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery, a carbonaceous material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions is mainly used, and natural graphite, artificial graphite, amorphous carbon, etc. are listed as representative examples. It is done. Furthermore, metal or alloy negative electrodes using silicon, tin or the like for increasing the capacity are also known. As the positive electrode active material, a transition metal composite oxide capable of mainly inserting and extracting lithium ions is used, and representative examples of the transition metal include cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron and the like.

  In the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using such a non-aqueous electrolyte, the reactivity varies depending on the composition of the non-aqueous electrolyte, and thus the battery characteristics are greatly changed by the non-aqueous electrolyte. In order to improve battery characteristics such as storage characteristics of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and to improve battery safety during overcharge, various studies have been made on non-aqueous solvents and electrolytes.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode using a lithium transition metal oxide typified by lithium cobaltate as an active material, a negative electrode using graphite, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. -Studies have been made to improve initial charge / discharge efficiency, electrode expansion coefficient, and cycle characteristics by adding an unsaturated nitrile compound having a carbon multiple bond.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a lithium secondary battery composed of a positive electrode using a lithium transition metal oxide typified by lithium cobalt oxide as an active material, a negative electrode using graphite, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. Studies have been made to improve the high-temperature storage characteristics by adding a chain alkyl nitrile compound.

  Patent Document 3 discloses a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode using a lithium transition metal oxide typified by lithium cobalt oxide as an active material, a negative electrode using artificial graphite, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution. Studies have been made to improve the overdischarge cycle characteristics by adding a specific nitrile compound.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode using a lithium transition metal oxide represented by a lithium nickel cobalt manganate complex oxide as an active material, a negative electrode using graphite, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. Studies have been made to improve cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics by adding specific silicon compounds and compounds having characteristics typified by vinylene carbonate to the electrolyte.

JP 2009-123499 A JP 2011-3364 A JP 2006-73513 A JP 2012-178340 A

  However, the demand for improving the characteristics of lithium non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries in recent years is increasing, and all the performances such as high-temperature storage characteristics, energy density, output characteristics, life, high-speed charge / discharge characteristics, and low-temperature characteristics Although it is required to have a high level, it has not yet been achieved. The durability performance including high temperature storage characteristics and the performance such as capacity, resistance, and output characteristics are in a trade-off relationship.

  When an electrolyte containing a nitrile compound typified by acrylonitrile, fumaronitrile, dodecanenitrile, and cyclohexanetricarbonitrile described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 is used, the battery characteristics are improved. The thermal stability of the negative electrode film was low, and there was room for improving battery characteristics.

  When an electrolytic solution containing a specific compound represented by hexamethyldisilane described in Patent Document 4 is used, the battery characteristics are improved, while the compound represented by the structural formula (A) of the present invention There is no clarification about the effect of the combination.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. That is, in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution has a good balance of overall performance with respect to performance such as durability, capacity, resistance, and output characteristics, and can improve discharge storage characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics in a balanced manner. And it aims at providing a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.

  As a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the present invention have found that the above problem can be solved by including a specific compound in the electrolytic solution, and have completed the present invention.

（式（Ａ）中、Ｒ^１〜Ｒ^３は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよく、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数１〜２０の有機基である。但し、Ｒ^１〜Ｒ^３のうち少なくとも１つは炭素−炭素不飽和結合あるいはシアノ基を有する。）

（式（Ｂ）中、Ｘ^１〜Ｘ^３はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、シアノ基、Ｒ^４、ＯＲ^４、ＣＯＲ^４、ＣＯＯＲ^４、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数１〜１２の芳香族炭化水素基であり、Ｒ^４はハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数１〜１０の脂肪族炭化水素基である。）

（式（Ｃ）中、Ｔは炭素数２〜２０の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を示す。）

（式（Ｄ）中、Ａ^１〜Ａ^６は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヘテロ原子を有していてもよい炭素数１〜１０の炭化水素基、または置換基を有していてもよいケイ素数１〜１０のシリル基を表し、Ａ^１〜Ａ^６は、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。ただし、Ａ^１〜Ａ^６はいずれも不飽和結合を有する脂肪族置換基ではない。） The gist of the present invention is as follows.
(A) A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing metal ions, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution together with an electrolyte and a non-aqueous solvent (I) A compound represented by A), and (II) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulas (B) to (D) and a compound having at least three cyano groups A non-aqueous electrolyte solution characterized by that.

(In Formula (A), R ^{1 to} R ³ may be the same as or different from each other, and may be an optionally substituted organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that R ^1. at least one of to R ³ is a carbon - carbon unsaturated bond or a cyano group).

(In formula (B), X ^{1 to} X ³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, R ⁴ , OR ⁴ , COR ⁴ , COOR ⁴ , or a carbon atom which may be substituted with a halogen atom. And R ⁴ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.)

(In the formula (C), T represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.)

(In Formula (D), A ^{1 to} A ⁶ may be the same or different from each other, and may have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hetero atom, and a C 1-10 hydrocarbon group. Or an optionally substituted silyl group having 1 to 10 silicon atoms, and A ^{1 to} A ⁶ may be bonded to each other to form a ring, provided that A ^{1 to} A ⁶ are any Is not an aliphatic substituent having an unsaturated bond.)

(B) In the general formula (A), R ^{1 to} R ³ may be the same or different from each other, and may be an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may have a substituent. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution described in (a).
(C) The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to (a) or (b), wherein at least one of R ^{1 to} R ^{3 in} the general formula (A) is an organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
(D) The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of (a) to (c), wherein the organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is a group selected from the group consisting of an allyl group and a methallyl group.

(E) The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of (a) to (d), wherein X ^{1 to} X ³ are each independently a hydrogen atom or R ⁴ in the general formula (B).

(F) The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to (a) to (e), wherein T is a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 11 carbon atoms in the general formula (C).
(G) The compound represented by the general formula (D) is selected from the group consisting of hexamethyldisilane, hexaethyldisilane, 1,2-diphenyltetramethyldisilane, and 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyldisilane. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of (a) to (f), which is at least one kind.

(H) (I) a compound including the compound represented by the general formula (A), and (II) a compound represented by the general formula (B) to (D) and a compound having at least three cyano groups. The total addition amount of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: from 0.01% by mass to 10.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution (a) to (g) The non-aqueous electrolyte solution in any one.
(I) The non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains (III) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution in any one of-(h).
(J) In a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, a negative electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises (a ) To (i). A non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized by that.
(K) The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to (j), wherein the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions has carbon as a constituent element.
(L) The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to (j), wherein the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions has silicon (Si) or tin (Sn) as a constituent element.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, regarding a lithium non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a battery with a good balance of overall performance can be provided with respect to performance such as durability, capacity, resistance, and output characteristics.
Action and principle that the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery manufactured using the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention become a secondary battery with a good balance of overall performance. Is not clear, but is considered as follows. However, the present invention is not limited to the operations and principles described below.

  The compounds represented by the general formulas (B) to (D) and the compound having at least three cyano groups act on the positive electrode and suppress storage swelling and battery side reactions. However, these compounds have a large side reaction on the negative electrode active material, which causes a problem that the stability of the negative electrode film and other battery characteristics are deteriorated. In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, the compound represented by the formula (A) is contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. Since the compound represented by the formula (A) is trifunctional, it reacts on the negative electrode to form a crosslinkable film. Thereby, the side reaction on the negative electrode of the compound represented by the general formulas (B) to (D) and the compound having at least three cyano groups is suppressed, and the amount of the compound acting on the positive electrode is increased. Moreover, the non-shared electron pair of the nitrogen atom of the compound represented by the general formula (A) acts on the positive electrode metal, and the three functional groups form a film, so that the general formulas (B) to (D) And a compound film having at least three cyano groups. Thereby, the side reaction at the positive electrode is suppressed more than the compound represented by the general formula (A), the compounds represented by the general formulas (B) to (D), and the compound having at least three cyano groups, respectively. Is done.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing metal ions, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution together with the electrolyte and the non-aqueous solvent. , At least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formula (A), compounds represented by the following general formulas (B) to (D), and compounds having at least three cyano groups: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing is used. As a result, it was found that not only high-temperature storage characteristics but also discharge storage characteristics can be improved in a balanced manner, and the present invention has been completed.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be arbitrarily modified and implemented without departing from the gist of the present invention.
In addition, “wt%”, “wt ppm” and “parts by weight” and “mass%”, “mass ppm” and “mass parts” have the same meaning. In addition, when simply described as “ppm”, it indicates “weight ppm”.

1. Non-aqueous electrolyte (I) 1-1. Nonaqueous Electrolytic Solution of the Present Invention The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention includes a compound represented by the following general formula (A), a compound represented by the following general formulas (B) to (D), and at least three cyano compounds. It contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having a group.

1-1-1. Compound represented by formula (A)

In formula (A), R ^{1 to} R ³ may be the same as or different from each other, and may be a C 1-20 organic group that may have a substituent. However, at least one of R ^{1 to} R ³ has a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond or a cyano group. Preferably, in formula (A), R ^{1 to} R ³ may be the same or different from each other, and may be an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may have a substituent. More preferably, in formula (A), at least one of R ^{1 to} R ³ is an organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.

  Here, the organic group represents a functional group composed of an atom selected from the group consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a silicon atom, a sulfur atom and a halogen atom.

Specific examples of the organic group which may have a substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, a vinylsulfonyl group, and a vinylsulfo group. Is mentioned.
Examples of the substituent herein include a halogen atom and an alkylene group. Moreover, an unsaturated bond etc. may be contained in a part of alkylene noble. Of the halogen atoms, a fluorine atom is preferred.

  Specific examples of the alkyl group which may have a substituent include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group and a tert-butyl group. Examples thereof include a linear or branched alkyl group or a cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.

  Specific examples of the alkenyl group that may have a substituent include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a methallyl group, and a 1-propenyl group. Specific examples of the alkynyl group which may have a substituent include ethynyl group, propargyl group, 1-propynyl group and the like. Specific examples of the aryl group which may have a substituent include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a benzyl group, and a phenethyl group.

  Among these, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, a vinylsulfonyl group, and a vinylsulfo group that may have a substituent are preferable.

  More preferably, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, an aryl group, or a cyano group which may have a substituent may be mentioned.

  Particularly preferably, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, or a cyano group, which may have a substituent, may be mentioned.

  Most preferably, the alkyl group, allyl group, and methallyl group which may have a substituent are mentioned. In particular, an unsubstituted allyl group or methallyl group is preferable. An allyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of film forming ability.

As the compound used in the present invention, a compound represented by the general formula (A) is used, and specific examples thereof include compounds having the following structure.

Preferably, the compound of the following structures is mentioned.

More preferably, the compound of the following structures is mentioned.

Particularly preferred are compounds having the following structures.

また、これら最も好ましい化合物の中でも、被膜形成能の観点から以下の構造の化合物が好ましい。

Most preferably, the compound of the following structure is mentioned.

Of these most preferred compounds, compounds having the following structure are preferred from the viewpoint of film-forming ability.

  With respect to the compound represented by the general formula (A), the production method is not particularly limited, and any known method can be selected and produced.

  There is no restriction | limiting in the compounding quantity of the compound represented with General formula (A) with respect to the whole nonaqueous electrolyte solution of this invention, and it is arbitrary unless the effect of this invention is impaired remarkably, With respect to the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of this invention Usually, 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass. Hereinafter, it is further preferably contained in a concentration of 2% by mass or less, particularly preferably 1% by mass or less, and most preferably 0.5% by mass or less. When the concentration of the compound represented by the general formula (A) is within the above range, the reduction reaction prevents the electrode reaction from being inhibited by covering the negative electrode surface excessively. In addition, since the action at the electrode interface proceeds more suitably, the battery characteristics can be optimized.

  When the compound represented by the general formula (A) is contained in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution and actually used for producing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the battery is disassembled and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is extracted again. In many cases, the content thereof is significantly reduced. Therefore, what can be detected from the nonaqueous electrolyte extracted from the battery even with a very small amount of the compound represented by the general formula (A) is considered to be included in the present invention. In addition, the compound represented by the general formula (A) is generally used as a non-aqueous electrolyte solution when the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is actually used for the production of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Even when only a very small amount of the compound represented by the formula (A) is contained, it may be detected on the positive electrode, the negative electrode, or the separator, which is another component of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Many. Therefore, when the compound represented by the general formula (A) is detected from the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, it can be assumed that the total amount is contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. Under this assumption, the compound represented by the general formula (A) is preferably included in the above range.

(II) 1-1-2. Compound represented by formula (B)

In formula (B), X ^{1 to} X ³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, R ⁴ , OR ⁴ , COR ⁴ , COOR ⁴ , or a C 1-12 optionally substituted with a halogen atom. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R ⁴ is a C 1-10 aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a halogen atom.

Specific examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, iso-propyl group, iso-propyl group, n -Butyl group, sec-butyl group, iso-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, tert-amyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, etc. Is mentioned. In these, some or all or all of hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine.
From the viewpoint of action on the active material surface and reactivity, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and an n-butyl group are preferable, and a methyl group and an ethyl group are particularly preferable.

Specific examples of the C1-C12 aromatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a halogen atom include, for example, phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, mesityl group, benzyl group, phenethyl group, naphthyl group and the like. Can be mentioned. In these, some or all or all of hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine.
From the viewpoint of the oxidation resistance / reduction property of the compound, a phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group or mesityryl group in which some or all or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine is preferable, and a phenyl group or a pentafluorophenyl group. Is more preferable.

In formula (B), among X ^{1 to} X ³ , hydrogen atom, R ⁴ , OR ⁴ , or halogen atom is substituted from the viewpoint of controlling the reactivity of the negative electrode active material and acting on the active material surface. The aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms may be preferable, a hydrogen atom, R ⁴ or OR ⁴ is more preferable, and a hydrogen atom or R ⁴ is particularly preferable.

As the compound used in the present invention, a compound represented by the general formula (B) is used, and specific examples thereof include compounds having the following structure.

Preferably, the compound of the following structures is mentioned.

More preferably, the compound of the following structures is mentioned.

Particularly preferred are compounds having the following structures.

From the viewpoint of controlling the reactivity of the negative electrode active material and acting on the surface of the active material, the compound having the following structure is most preferable.

  There is no limitation on the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (B) with respect to the whole non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention, and it is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. The total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention Is usually 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass. It is contained at a concentration of not more than mass%, more preferably not more than 2 mass%, particularly preferably not more than 1 mass%, most preferably not more than 0.5 mass%.

  When the said range is satisfy | filled, effects, such as a high temperature storage characteristic and a discharge storage characteristic, improve more.

(II) 1-1-3. Compound represented by formula (C)

  In the formula (C), T represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.

Specific examples of the linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include, for example, ethyl group, n-propyl group, iso-propyl group, iso-propyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, iso-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, tert-amyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, Examples include a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, and an icosyl group.
Among these, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint that the ratio of the cyano group to the whole molecule is large and the effect of improving battery characteristics is high, and a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable. An alkyl group is more preferable, and a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 11 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.

  Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (C) include butyronitrile, pentanenitrile, hexanenitrile, heptanenitrile, octanenitrile, pelargononitrile, decanenitrile, undecanenitrile, dodecanenitrile and the like. Among these, pentanenitrile, octanenitrile, decanenitrile, and dodecanenitrile are preferable, and pentanenitrile, decanenitrile, and dodecanenitrile are more preferable, and pentanenitrile, decanenitrile are more preferable from the viewpoint of reduction stability of the compound, battery characteristics, and production. Is particularly preferred.

  There is no limitation on the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (C) with respect to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention, and it is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. The total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention Is usually 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass. It is contained at a concentration of not more than mass%, more preferably not more than 2 mass%, particularly preferably not more than 1 mass%, most preferably not more than 0.5 mass%.

  When the said range is satisfy | filled, effects, such as a high temperature storage characteristic and a discharge storage characteristic, improve more.

(II) 1-1-4. Compound represented by general formula (D)

(In Formula (D), A ^{1 to} A ⁶ may be the same or different, and each may have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hetero atom, a C 1-10 hydrocarbon group, or a substituent. Represents a silyl group having 1 to 10 silicon atoms, and A ^{1 to} A ⁶ may be bonded to each other to form a ring, provided that all of A ^{1 to} A ⁶ have an unsaturated bond. Not an aliphatic substituent.)
The silyl group includes a group having a Si—Si bond and / or a substituent in the structure. For example, in the silyl group, a hydrogen atom bonded to a silicon atom may be substituted with a functional group such as an alkyl group (such as methyl or ethyl), an aryl group (such as phenyl), or an alkoxy group (such as methoxy or ethoxy). . As the silyl group, a silyl group having 1 to 10 silicon atoms such as a silyl group, a disilanyl group, or a trisilanyl group, which may have a substituent, is preferable. A silyl group having 1 to 6 silicon atoms is preferred.

Among them, A ^{1 to} A ⁶ are preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and particularly preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an i-propyl group, a t-butyl group, a phenyl group, and a hydrogen atom. It is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, or a hydrogen atom.

  In addition, the reason why the compound represented by the general formula (D) in the present invention does not have an aliphatic substituent having an unsaturated bond is that a high-resistance film formed by self-polymerization of an aliphatic substituent, This is to prevent the effect of suppressing the internal resistance of the battery by the compound represented by the general formula (D) from being impaired.

  Preferable specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (D) include (a) to (q). (A), (b), (e), (g), (i) to (i) k) and (n) are more preferred, (a), (e), (j), (k) and (n) are more preferred, (a) hexamethyldisilane, (e) hexaethyldisilane, (j) 1,2-diphenyltetramethyldisilane and (k) 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyldisilane are most preferred.

The reason why the above compound is preferable is that the manufacturing cost of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed due to industrial availability and the compound represented by the general formula (D) is easily dissolved in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. It can be mentioned that the effect of suppressing the internal resistance of the battery is more effectively exhibited by the high-quality film formed by the compound represented by the formula (D).
When the compound represented by the general formula (D) in the present invention is blended in the electrolytic solution, the compounding amount of the compound represented by the general formula (D) is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. The lower limit is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and the upper limit is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably, with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Is 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, and most preferably 1% by mass or less. Within the above range, the effect of the compound represented by the general formula (D) can be sufficiently obtained, but it is particularly excellent in terms of inhibiting an unnecessary reaction.

  When the said range is satisfy | filled, effects, such as a high temperature storage characteristic and a discharge storage characteristic, improve more.

(II) 1-1-5. Compound having at least three cyano groups The compound having at least three cyano groups in the molecule used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having at least three cyano groups in the molecule. Is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (E).

  In the formula (E), A represents a carbon atom having 1 to 12 carbon atoms composed of one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, and a halogen atom. N is an integer of 0 or more and 5 or less.

The organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms composed of one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, and a halogen atom is a carbon atom and The organic group which may contain the nitrogen atom, the oxygen atom, the sulfur atom, the phosphorus atom, or the halogen atom other than the organic group comprised from a hydrogen atom is meant. The organic group which may contain a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom or a halogen atom is an organic group in which a part of the carbon atoms of the skeleton is substituted with these atoms, or is composed of these atoms It is meant to include an organic group having a substituted group.
N is an integer of 0 or more and 5 or less, preferably 0 or more and 3 or less, more preferably 0 or more and 1 or less, and particularly preferably 0.
A is preferably an organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms composed of one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom. It is more preferably an organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms composed of one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of an atom, a carbon atom and an oxygen atom, and from an optionally substituted carbon atom having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is 12 aliphatic hydrocarbon group hydrocarbon groups.
Here, the substituent represents a group composed of one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atom, hydrogen atom, nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom and halogen atom.
Specific examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, and an isocyanato group, an ether group, a carbonate group, a carbonyl group, which may be substituted with a halogen atom, Examples thereof include a carboxyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphantriyl group and a phosphoryl group, preferably a halogen atom, an alkoxy group or an alkyl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom, more preferably a halogen atom or a halogen atom. An alkyl group which may be substituted, more preferably an alkyl group which is not substituted with a halogen atom.
The type of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited, but the carbon number is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more, and usually 12 or less, preferably 8 or less, more preferably 6 or less. is there. As specific aliphatic hydrocarbon groups,
Alkanetriyl group, alkanetetrayl group, alkanepentyl group, alkanetetrayl group, alkenetriyl group, alkenetetrayl group, alkenepentyl group, alkenetetrayl group, alkynetriyl group, alkynetetrayl group, Examples include alkyne pentile groups and alkyne tetrayl groups.
Of these, saturated hydrocarbon groups such as alkanetriyl groups, alkanetetrayl groups, alkanepentyl groups, and alkanetetrayl groups are more preferable, and alkanetriyl groups are more preferable.

  Furthermore, the compound having at least three cyano groups is more preferably a compound represented by the formula (F).

In formula (F), A ¹ and A ² have the same meanings as A.

The above A ¹ and A ² are more preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
Specific hydrocarbon groups include methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetraethylene, pentamethylene, vinylene, 1-propenylene, 2-propenylene, 1-butenylene, 2-butenylene, 1 -Pentenylene group, 2-pentenylene group, ethynylene group, propynylene group, 1-butynylene group, 2-butynylene group, 1-pentynylene group, 2-pentynylene group and the like.
Among these, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetraethylene group, and a pentamethylene group are preferable, and a methylene group, an ethylene group, and a trimethylene group are more preferable.
Preferably, A ¹ and A ² are not the same as each other but are different.

The molecular weight of the compound having at least three cyano groups in the molecule is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. As a minimum of molecular weight, Preferably, it is 90 or more, More preferably, it is 120 or more, More preferably, it is 150 or more. Moreover, as an upper limit of molecular weight, Preferably it is 450 or less, More preferably, it is 300 or less, More preferably, it is 250 or less. Under these conditions, it is easy to ensure the solubility of the compound having at least three cyano groups in the molecule in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and the effects of the present invention are easily exhibited. The production method of the compound having at least three cyano groups in the molecule is not particularly limited, and can be produced by arbitrarily selecting a known method.
Specific examples of the compound having at least three cyano groups in the molecule include the following compounds.

Among these, the compounds shown in the following specific examples are preferred from the viewpoint of improving storage characteristics.

  A compound having at least three cyano groups may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio. There is no limitation on the amount of the compound having at least two cyano groups with respect to the whole non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention, and it is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. Usually 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less. More preferably, it is contained at a concentration of 3% by mass or less, particularly preferably 2% by mass or less. When the said range is satisfy | filled, effects, such as a high temperature storage characteristic and a discharge storage characteristic, improve more.

  The mass ratio of the compound represented by the formula (A) and the compound having at least three cyano groups contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is such that the content of the compound represented by the formula (A) is 50:50 or more. , Preferably 40:60 or more, more preferably 35:65 or more, 1:99 or less, preferably 10:90 or less, more preferably 20:80 or less. If it is this range, a battery characteristic, especially a storage characteristic can be improved significantly. Although this principle is not clear, it is considered that the side reaction of the additive on the electrode can be minimized by mixing at this ratio.

The present invention provides (I) a compound represented by the general formula (A), (II) a compound represented by the general formulas (B) to (D), and at least three cyano groups in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. And at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having
(I) at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by general formula (A), (II) a compound represented by general formulas (B) to (D), and a compound having at least three cyano groups The total amount added with the above compound is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but the lower limit is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte. Is 0.1% by mass or more, and the upper limit is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, still more preferably 2% by mass or less, and most preferably 1% by mass or less. Within the above range, it comprises (I) a compound represented by the general formula (A), (II) a compound represented by the general formulas (B) to (D), and a compound having at least three cyano groups. This is particularly excellent in that it can sufficiently obtain the effect of using at least one compound selected from the group in combination, while suppressing an unnecessary reaction.

(III) 1-1-6. Cyclic carbonate having carbon-carbon unsaturated bond Cyclic carbonate having carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “unsaturated cyclic carbonate”) includes a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond. Any cyclic carbonate having a bond is not particularly limited, and any unsaturated carbonate can be used. The cyclic carbonate having an aromatic ring is also included in the unsaturated cyclic carbonate.

As unsaturated cyclic carbonate,
Examples include vinylene carbonates, ethylene carbonates substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, phenyl carbonates, vinyl carbonates, allyl carbonates, catechol carbonates, and the like. .

As vinylene carbonates,
Vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-dimethyl vinylene carbonate, phenyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-diphenyl vinylene carbonate, vinyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-divinyl vinylene carbonate, allyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-diallyl vinylene carbonate 4-fluoro vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-methyl vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-phenyl vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-vinyl vinylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-fluoro vinylene carbonate and the like. .

Specific examples of ethylene carbonates substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond include:
Vinylethylene carbonate, 4,5-divinylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-vinylethylene carbonate, ethynylethylene carbonate, 4,5-diethynylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5 -Ethynylethylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-5-ethynylethylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-ethynylethylene carbonate, phenylethylene carbonate, 4,5-diphenylethylene carbonate, 4-phenyl-5-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-allyl Examples include -5-phenylethylene carbonate, allylethylene carbonate, 4,5-diallylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5-allylethylene carbonate, and the like.

Among these, as an unsaturated cyclic carbonate preferable for use in combination with a compound containing a structure represented by the general formula (A),
Vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-dimethyl vinylene carbonate, vinyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-vinyl vinylene carbonate, allyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-diallyl vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-divinyl ethylene carbonate 4-methyl-5-vinylethylene carbonate, allylethylene carbonate, 4,5-diallylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5-allylethylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-vinylethylene carbonate, ethynylethylene carbonate, 4,5 -Diethynyl ethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5-ethynyl ethylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-5-ethynyl ethylene carbonate, etc. are mentioned. Vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, and ethynyl ethylene carbonate are particularly preferable because they form a more stable interface protective film.

  The molecular weight of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. The molecular weight is preferably 80 or more and 250 or less. If it is this range, it will be easy to ensure the solubility of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate with respect to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and the effect of this invention will fully be expressed easily. The molecular weight of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is more preferably 85 or more, and more preferably 150 or less.

The production method of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and can be produced by arbitrarily selecting a known method.
An unsaturated cyclic carbonate may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. Moreover, the compounding quantity of unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not restrict | limited in particular, As long as the effect of this invention is not impaired remarkably, it is arbitrary. The amount of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.1% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Moreover, it is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 4% by mass or less, further preferably 3% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2% by mass or less. Within this range, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery tends to exhibit a sufficient cycle characteristics improvement effect, and the high temperature storage characteristics deteriorate, the amount of gas generated increases, and the discharge capacity maintenance ratio decreases. Easy to avoid.

(III) 1-1-7. Cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom Examples of the cyclic carbonate compound having a fluorine atom include a fluorinated product of a cyclic carbonate having an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and a derivative thereof, for example, a fluorinated product of ethylene carbonate, and a derivative thereof. Is mentioned. Examples of the derivatives of fluorinated ethylene carbonate include fluorinated ethylene carbonate substituted with an alkyl group (for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). Of these, ethylene carbonate having 1 to 8 fluorine atoms and derivatives thereof are preferred.

In particular,
Monofluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-methylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-methylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-methyl Ethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-5-methylethylene carbonate, 4- (fluoromethyl) -ethylene carbonate, 4- (difluoromethyl) -ethylene carbonate, 4- (trifluoromethyl) -ethylene carbonate, 4- (fluoro Methyl) -4-fluoroethylene carbonate, 4- (fluoromethyl) -5-fluoroethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-dimethylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4,5-dimethylethylene Boneto, 4,4-difluoro-5,5-dimethylethylene carbonate.

Among them, at least one selected from the group consisting of monofluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoroethylene carbonate and 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate gives high ionic conductivity and suitably forms an interface protective film. And more preferable.
One cyclic carbonate compound having a fluorine atom may be used alone, or two or more cyclic carbonate compounds may be used in any combination and ratio.

.
One cyclic carbonate compound having a fluorine atom may be used alone, or two or more cyclic carbonate compounds may be used in any combination and ratio. There is no limitation on the blending amount of the halogenated cyclic carbonate with respect to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention, and it is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 50% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and further preferably. Is contained at a concentration of 10% by mass or less, particularly preferably 5% by mass or less, and most preferably 3% by mass or less.

  The present invention provides (I) a compound represented by the general formula (A), (II) a compound represented by the general formulas (B) to (D), and at least three cyano groups in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. And at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having, and (III) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and cyclic carbonates having fluorine atoms, The total addition amount of the compound of (I), the compound of (II) and the compound of (III) is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but the lower limit value with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution Is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and the upper limit is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and still more preferably 2%. % By weight or less, most preferably 1% by weight or less. Within the above range, the effect of using the compound of (I), the compound of (II) and the compound of (III) can be sufficiently obtained, but it is particularly excellent in terms of inhibiting an unnecessary reaction.

1-2. Electrolyte <Lithium salt>
As the electrolyte, a lithium salt is usually used. The lithium salt is not particularly limited as long as it is known to be used for this purpose, and any lithium salt can be used. Specific examples include the following.

For _{example, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiClO} 4, LiAlF 4, LiSbF 6, inorganic lithium salts LiTaF 6, LiWF ₇ and the like;
Lithium tungstates such as LiWOF ₅ ;
HCO ₂ Li, CH ₃ CO ₂ Li, CH ₂ FCO ₂ Li, CHF ₂ CO ₂ Li, CF ₃ CO ₂ Li, CF ₃ CH ₂ CO ₂ Li, CF ₃ CF ₂ CO ₂ Li, CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ Carboxylic acid lithium salts such as CO ₂ Li, CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CO ₂ Li;
FSO ₃ Li, CH ₃ SO ₃ Li, CH ₂ FSO ₃ Li, CHF ₂ SO ₃ Li, CF ₃ SO ₃ Li, CF ₃ CF ₂ SO ₃ Li, CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ Li, CF ₃ CF ₂ Sulfonic acid lithium salts such as CF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ Li;

LiN (FCO) ₂ , LiN (FCO) (FSO ₂ ), LiN (FSO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (FSO ₂ ) (CF ₃ SO ₂ ), LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , Lithium imide salts such as lithium cyclic 1,2-perfluoroethanedisulfonylimide, lithium cyclic 1,3-perfluoropropane disulfonylimide, LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) (C ₄ F ₉ SO ₂ ) ;
Lithium metide salts such as LiC (FSO ₂ ) ₃ , LiC (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ , LiC (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₃ ;
Lithium oxalatoborate salts such as lithium difluorooxalatoborate and lithium bis (oxalato) borate;
Lithium oxalate phosphate salts such as lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate, lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate, lithium tris (oxalato) phosphate;
In addition, LiPF ₄ (CF ₃ ) ₂ , LiPF ₄ (C ₂ F ₅ ) ₂ , LiPF ₄ (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiPF ₄ (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiBF ₃ CF ₃ , LiBF ₃ C _{2 F 5, LiBF 3 C 3} F 7, LiBF 2 (CF 3) 2, LiBF 2 (C 2 F 5) 2, LiBF 2 (CF 3 SO 2) 2, LiBF 2 (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2 Fluorine-containing organic lithium salts such as;

Among them, LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiSbF ₆ , LiTaF ₆ , FSO ₃ Li, CF ₃ SO ₃ Li, LiN (FSO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (FSO ₂ ) (CF ₃ SO ₂ ), LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , lithium cyclic 1,2-perfluoroethanedisulfonylimide, lithium cyclic 1,3-perfluoropropane disulfonylimide, LiC (FSO ₂ ) ₃ , LiC (CF _{3 SO 2) 3, LiC (C} 2 F 5 SO 2) 3, lithium Bisuo Kisara oxalatoborate, lithium difluoro oxalatoborate, lithium tetrafluoro-oxa Lato phosphate, lithium difluoro bis oxa Lato _phosphate, LiBF ₃ CF _3, LiBF ₃ C ₂ F ₅ , LiPF ₃ (CF ₃ ) ₃ , LiPF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ) _{3 and the} like are particularly preferable because they have an effect of improving output characteristics, high-rate charge / discharge characteristics, high-temperature storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, and the like.

These lithium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more. A preferable example in the case of using two or more kinds in combination is a combination of LiPF ₆ and LiBF ₄ , LiPF ₆ and LiN (FSO ₂ ) ₂ , LiPF ₆ and FSO ₃ Li, etc., and an effect of improving load characteristics and cycle characteristics There is.
In this case, the concentration of LiBF ₄ or FSO ₃ Li with respect to 100% by mass of the entire non-aqueous electrolyte solution is not limited as long as it does not significantly impair the effects of the present invention. On the other hand, it is usually 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less.

Another example is the combined use of an inorganic lithium salt and an organic lithium salt, and the combined use of both has the effect of suppressing deterioration due to high-temperature storage. As the organic lithium salt, CF ₃ SO ₃ Li, LiN (FSO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (FSO ₂ ) (CF ₃ SO ₂ ), LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , Lithium cyclic 1,2-perfluoroethanedisulfonylimide, lithium cyclic 1,3-perfluoropropane disulfonylimide, LiC (FSO ₂ ) ₃ , LiC (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ , LiC (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₃ , Lithium bisoxalatoborate, Lithium difluorooxalatoborate, Lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate, Lithium difluorobisoxalatophosphate, LiBF ₃ CF ₃ , LiBF ₃ C ₂ F ₅ , LiPF ₃ (CF ₃ ) ₃ LiPF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ) ₃ or the like is preferable. In this case, the ratio of the organic lithium salt to 100% by mass of the entire non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 30% by mass or less. Especially preferably, it is 20 mass% or less.

The concentration of these lithium salts in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but the electric conductivity of the electrolyte solution is in a good range, and good battery performance is ensured. Therefore, the total molar concentration of lithium in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.3 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.4 mol / L or more, and further preferably 0.5 mol / L or more. Preferably it is 3 mol / L or less, More preferably, it is 2.5 mol / L or less, More preferably, it is 2.0 mol / L or less.
When the total molar concentration of lithium is within the above range, the electric conductivity of the electrolytic solution becomes sufficient, and the decrease in electric conductivity due to the increase in viscosity and the decrease in battery performance resulting therefrom are prevented.

1-3. Nonaqueous solvent There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the nonaqueous solvent in this invention, It is possible to use a well-known organic solvent. Examples thereof include cyclic carbonates having no fluorine atom, chain carbonates, cyclic and chain carboxylic acid esters, ether compounds, sulfone compounds, and the like.

<Cyclic carbonate without fluorine atoms>
Examples of the cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom include cyclic carbonates having an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of the cyclic carbonate having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and having no fluorine atom include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate. Among these, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics resulting from an improvement in the degree of lithium ion dissociation.

The cyclic carbonate which does not have a fluorine atom may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
The blending amount of the cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. However, the blending amount when one kind is used alone is 100% by volume of the nonaqueous solvent. Among them, the content is 5% by volume or more, more preferably 10% by volume or more. By setting this range, the decrease in electrical conductivity due to the decrease in the dielectric constant of the non-aqueous electrolyte is avoided, and the high current discharge characteristics, stability against the negative electrode, and cycle characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery are in a good range. And it will be easier. Moreover, it is 95 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 90 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 85 volume% or less. By setting it as this range, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is set to an appropriate range, the decrease in ionic conductivity is suppressed, and the load characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery are easily set in a favorable range.

<Chain carbonate>
As the chain carbonate, a chain carbonate having 3 to 7 carbon atoms is preferable, and a dialkyl carbonate having 3 to 7 carbon atoms is more preferable.
Specific examples of the chain carbonate include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, n-propyl isopropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl-n-propyl carbonate, n-butyl methyl carbonate, isobutyl methyl. Examples include carbonate, t-butyl methyl carbonate, ethyl-n-propyl carbonate, n-butyl ethyl carbonate, isobutyl ethyl carbonate, t-butyl ethyl carbonate, and the like.

Among them, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, n-propyl isopropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and methyl n-propyl carbonate are preferable, and dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate are particularly preferable. is there.
Further, chain carbonates having a fluorine atom (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fluorinated chain carbonate”) can also be suitably used.

The number of fluorine atoms contained in the fluorinated chain carbonate is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more, but is usually 6 or less, preferably 4 or less. When the fluorinated chain carbonate has a plurality of fluorine atoms, they may be bonded to the same carbon or may be bonded to different carbons.
Examples of the fluorinated chain carbonate include fluorinated dimethyl carbonate and derivatives thereof, fluorinated ethyl methyl carbonate and derivatives thereof, and fluorinated diethyl carbonate and derivatives thereof.

Fluorinated dimethyl carbonate and derivatives thereof include fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, difluoromethyl methyl carbonate, trifluoromethyl methyl carbonate, bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate, bis (difluoro) methyl carbonate, bis (trifluoromethyl) carbonate, and the like. It is done.
Fluorinated ethyl methyl carbonate and derivatives thereof include 2-fluoroethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl fluoromethyl carbonate, 2,2-difluoroethyl methyl carbonate, 2-fluoroethyl fluoromethyl carbonate, ethyl difluoromethyl carbonate, 2,2,2 -Trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate, 2,2-difluoroethyl fluoromethyl carbonate, 2-fluoroethyl difluoromethyl carbonate, ethyl trifluoromethyl carbonate, etc. are mentioned.

  Fluorinated diethyl carbonate and its derivatives include ethyl- (2-fluoroethyl) carbonate, ethyl- (2,2-difluoroethyl) carbonate, bis (2-fluoroethyl) carbonate, ethyl- (2,2,2- Trifluoroethyl) carbonate, 2,2-difluoroethyl-2′-fluoroethyl carbonate, bis (2,2-difluoroethyl) carbonate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-2′-fluoroethyl carbonate, 2, Examples include 2,2-trifluoroethyl-2 ′, 2′-difluoroethyl carbonate, bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, and the like.

A chain carbonate may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
The amount of the chain carbonate is preferably 5% by volume or more, more preferably 10% by volume or more, and further preferably 15% by volume or more in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. By setting the lower limit in this way, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is set in an appropriate range, the decrease in ionic conductivity is suppressed, and the large current discharge characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery are easily set in a favorable range. The chain carbonate is preferably 90% by volume or less, more preferably 85% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 80% by volume or less in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. By setting the upper limit in this way, it is easy to avoid a decrease in electrical conductivity resulting from a decrease in dielectric constant of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution, and to make the large current discharge characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery in a favorable range.

<Cyclic carboxylic acid ester>
The cyclic carboxylic acid ester is preferably one having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
Specific examples include gamma butyrolactone, gamma valerolactone, gamma caprolactone, epsilon caprolactone, and the like. Among these, gamma butyrolactone is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics resulting from an improvement in the degree of lithium ion dissociation.

A cyclic carboxylic acid ester may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
The amount of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester is usually 5% by volume or more, more preferably 10% by volume or more, in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent. If it is this range, it will become easy to improve the electrical conductivity of a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and to improve the large current discharge characteristic of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The amount of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester is preferably 50% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or less. By setting the upper limit in this way, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is set to an appropriate range, a decrease in electrical conductivity is avoided, an increase in negative electrode resistance is suppressed, and a large current discharge of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is performed. It becomes easy to make a characteristic into a favorable range.

<Ether compound>
As the ether compound, a chain ether having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and a cyclic ether having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which part of hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine is preferable.
As the chain ether having 3 to 10 carbon atoms,
Diethyl ether, di (2-fluoroethyl) ether, di (2,2-difluoroethyl) ether, di (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, ethyl (2-fluoroethyl) ether, ethyl (2, 2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, ethyl (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, (2-fluoroethyl) (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, (2-fluoroethyl) ) (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, ethyl-n-propyl ether, ethyl (3-Fluoro-n-propyl) ether, ethyl (3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) ether, ethyl (2,2,3,3-teto Fluoro-n-propyl) ether, ethyl (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-n-propyl) ether, 2-fluoroethyl-n-propylether, (2-fluoroethyl) (3-fluoro- n-propyl) ether, (2-fluoroethyl) (3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) ether, (2-fluoroethyl) (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-n-propyl) Ether, (2-fluoroethyl) (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-n-propyl) ether, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-n-propyl ether, (2,2,2- (Trifluoroethyl) (3-fluoro-n-propyl) ether, (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) (3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) ether, (2, , 2-trifluoroethyl) (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-n-propyl) ether, (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro- n-propyl) ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-n-propyl ether, (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) (3-fluoro-n-propyl) ether, (1, 1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) (3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) ether, (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro -N-propyl) ether, (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-n-propyl) ether, di-n-propyl ether, (n- Propyl) (3-fluoro (Ro-n-propyl) ether, (n-propyl) (3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) ether, (n-propyl) (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-n-propyl) Ether, (n-propyl) (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-n-propyl) ether, di (3-fluoro-n-propyl) ether, (3-fluoro-n-propyl) (3 , 3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) ether, (3-fluoro-n-propyl) (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-n-propyl) ether, (3-fluoro-n-propyl) (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-n-propyl) ether, di (3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) ether, (3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) ether ) (2, 2, 3, 3- Trifluoro-n-propyl) ether, (3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl) (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-n-propyl) ether, di (2,2,3) , 3-tetrafluoro-n-propyl) ether, (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-n-propyl) (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-n-propyl) ether, di ( 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-n-propyl) ether, di-n-butyl ether, dimethoxymethane, methoxyethoxymethane, methoxy (2-fluoroethoxy) methane, methoxy (2,2,2-tri Fluoroethoxy) methanemethoxy (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) methane, diethoxymethane, ethoxy (2-fluoroethoxy) methane, ethoxy (2,2 2-trifluoroethoxy) methane, ethoxy (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) methane, di (2-fluoroethoxy) methane, (2-fluoroethoxy) (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) Methane, (2-fluoroethoxy) (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) methanedi (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) methane, (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) (1,1 , 2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) methane, di (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) methane, dimethoxyethane, methoxyethoxyethane, methoxy (2-fluoroethoxy) ethane, methoxy (2,2,2 -Trifluoroethoxy) ethane, methoxy (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) ethane, diethoxyethane, ethoxy Ci (2-fluoroethoxy) ethane, ethoxy (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) ethane, ethoxy (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) ethane, di (2-fluoroethoxy) ethane, (2 -Fluoroethoxy) (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) ethane, (2-fluoroethoxy) (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) ethane, di (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) Ethane, (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) ethane, di (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) ethane, ethylene glycol di-n- Examples include propyl ether, ethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

Examples of the cyclic ether having 3 to 6 carbon atoms include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 1 , 4-dioxane and the like, and fluorinated compounds thereof.
Among them, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, ethoxymethoxymethane, ethylene glycol di-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether have high solvating ability to lithium ions and improve ion dissociation. Of these, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, and ethoxymethoxymethane are preferable because they have low viscosity and give high ionic conductivity.

An ether type compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
The compounding amount of the ether compound is usually in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent, preferably 5% by volume or more, more preferably 10% by volume or more, further preferably 15% by volume or more, and preferably 70% by volume or less. More preferably, it is 60 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 50 volume% or less.

  If it is this range, it is easy to ensure the improvement effect of the lithium ion dissociation degree of chain ether, and the improvement of the ionic conductivity derived from a viscosity fall, and when a negative electrode active material is a carbonaceous material, a chain ether with lithium ion It is easy to avoid a situation where the capacity is reduced due to co-insertion.

<Sulfone compound>
As the sulfone compound, a cyclic sulfone having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and a chain sulfone having 2 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable. The number of sulfonyl groups in one molecule is preferably 1 or 2.

As cyclic sulfone having 3 to 6 carbon atoms,
Trimethylene sulfones, tetramethylene sulfones, hexamethylene sulfones which are monosulfone compounds;
Examples include disulfone compounds such as trimethylene disulfones, tetramethylene disulfones, and hexamethylene disulfones.

Among these, from the viewpoint of dielectric constant and viscosity, tetramethylene sulfones, tetramethylene disulfones, hexamethylene sulfones, and hexamethylene disulfones are more preferable, and tetramethylene sulfones (sulfolanes) are particularly preferable.
As the sulfolanes, sulfolane and / or sulfolane derivatives (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “sulfolanes” including sulfolane) are preferable. As the sulfolane derivative, one in which one or more hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atom constituting the sulfolane ring are substituted with a fluorine atom or an alkyl group is preferable.

  Among them, 2-methylsulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, 2-fluorosulfolane, 3-fluorosulfolane, 2,2-difluorosulfolane, 2,3-difluorosulfolane, 2,4-difluorosulfolane, 2,5-difluorosulfolane, 3,4-difluorosulfolane, 2-fluoro-3-methylsulfolane, 2-fluoro-2-methylsulfolane, 3-fluoro-3-methylsulfolane, 3-fluoro-2-methylsulfolane, 4-fluoro-3-methyl Sulfolane, 4-fluoro-2-methylsulfolane, 5-fluoro-3-methylsulfolane, 5-fluoro-2-methylsulfolane, 2-fluoromethylsulfolane, 3-fluoromethylsulfolane, 2-difluoromethylsulfolane, 3-difluoro Methyl sulfolane, 2- Trifluoromethylsulfolane, 3-trifluoromethylsulfolane, 2-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) sulfolane, 3-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) sulfolane, 4-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) sulfolane , 5-fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) sulfolane and the like are preferable in terms of high ionic conductivity and high input / output characteristics.

In addition, as the chain sulfone having 2 to 6 carbon atoms,
Dimethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfone, diethylsulfone, n-propylmethylsulfone, n-propylethylsulfone, di-n-propylsulfone, isopropylmethylsulfone, isopropylethylsulfone, diisopropylsulfone, n-butylmethylsulfone, n-butylethyl Sulfone, t-butylmethylsulfone, t-butylethylsulfone, monofluoromethylmethylsulfone, difluoromethylmethylsulfone, trifluoromethylmethylsulfone, monofluoroethylmethylsulfone, difluoroethylmethylsulfone, trifluoroethylmethylsulfone, pentafluoro Ethyl methyl sulfone, ethyl monofluoromethyl sulfone, ethyl difluoromethyl sulfone, ethyl trifluoromethyl sulfone, perf Oroethyl methyl sulfone, ethyl trifluoroethyl sulfone, ethyl pentafluoroethyl sulfone, di (trifluoroethyl) sulfone, perfluorodiethyl sulfone, fluoromethyl-n-propyl sulfone, difluoromethyl-n-propyl sulfone, trifluoromethyl- n-propylsulfone, fluoromethylisopropylsulfone, difluoromethylisopropylsulfone, trifluoromethylisopropylsulfone, trifluoroethyl-n-propylsulfone, trifluoroethylisopropylsulfone, pentafluoroethyl-n-propylsulfone, pentafluoroethylisopropylsulfone , Trifluoroethyl-n-butylsulfone, trifluoroethyl-t-butylsulfone, pentafluoroethyl- - butyl sulfone, pentafluoroethyl -t- butyl sulfone, and the like.

  Among them, dimethyl sulfone, ethyl methyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, n-propyl methyl sulfone, isopropyl methyl sulfone, n-butyl methyl sulfone, t-butyl methyl sulfone, monofluoromethyl methyl sulfone, difluoromethyl methyl sulfone, trifluoromethyl methyl sulfone , Monofluoroethyl methyl sulfone, difluoroethyl methyl sulfone, trifluoroethyl methyl sulfone, pentafluoroethyl methyl sulfone, ethyl monofluoromethyl sulfone, ethyl difluoromethyl sulfone, ethyl trifluoromethyl sulfone, ethyl trifluoroethyl sulfone, ethyl pentafluoro Ethyl sulfone, trifluoromethyl-n-propyl sulfone, trifluoromethyl isopropyl sulfone, tri Ruoroechiru -n- butyl sulfone, trifluoroethyl -t- butyl sulfone, trifluoromethyl -n- butyl sulfone, trifluoromethyl -t- butyl sulfone is high ion conductivity, preferable because the input-output characteristic is high.

A sulfone compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
The compounding amount of the sulfone compound is usually 0.3% by volume or more, more preferably 1% by volume or more, still more preferably 5% by volume or more in 100% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent, and preferably 40%. Volume% or less, More preferably, it is 35 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 30 volume% or less.
Within this range, durability improvement effects such as cycle characteristics and storage characteristics can be easily obtained, and the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte can be set to an appropriate range to avoid a decrease in electrical conductivity. When charging / discharging an aqueous electrolyte battery at a high current density, it is easy to avoid a situation in which the charge / discharge capacity retention rate decreases.

<When using a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom as a non-aqueous solvent>
In the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom is 1-1-7. As indicated by, it can be used as an auxiliary agent and can also be used as a non-aqueous solvent.
In the present invention, when a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom is used as a non-aqueous solvent, one of the non-aqueous solvents exemplified above is combined with a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom as a non-aqueous solvent other than the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom. Two or more kinds may be used in combination with a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom.

  For example, one preferred combination of non-aqueous solvents is a combination mainly composed of a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom and a chain carbonate. Among them, the total of the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom and the chain carbonate in the non-aqueous solvent is preferably 60% by volume or more, more preferably 80% by volume or more, and further preferably 90% by volume or more, and the fluorine atom. The ratio of the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom to the total of the cyclic carbonate having a chain and the chain carbonate is 3% by volume or more, preferably 5% by volume or more, more preferably 10% by volume or more, and further preferably 15% by volume or more. Also, it is usually 60% by volume or less, preferably 50% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or less, further preferably 35% by volume or less, particularly preferably 30% by volume or less, and most preferably 20% by volume or less.

When a combination of these non-aqueous solvents is used, the balance between the cycle characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics (particularly, the remaining capacity and high-load discharge capacity after high-temperature storage) of a battery produced using the non-aqueous solvent may be improved.
For example, as a specific example of a preferable combination of a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom and a chain carbonate,
Monofluoroethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoro Examples thereof include ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.

  Among the combinations of cyclic carbonates having a fluorine atom and chain carbonates, those containing symmetric chain alkyl carbonates as chain carbonates are more preferable, and in particular, monofluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, Cycle characteristics include monofluoroethylene carbonate, symmetric chain carbonates and asymmetric chain carbonates such as fluoroethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate. And a large current discharge characteristic are preferable. Among these, the symmetric chain carbonate is preferably dimethyl carbonate, and the alkyl group of the chain carbonate preferably has 1 to 2 carbon atoms.

  A combination in which a cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom is further added to the combination of the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom and the chain carbonate is also mentioned as a preferable combination. Among them, the total of the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom and the cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom in the non-aqueous solvent is preferably 10% by volume or more, more preferably 15% by volume or more, and further preferably 20% by volume or more. The ratio of the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom to the total of the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom and the cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom is 1% by volume or more, preferably 3% by volume or more, more preferably 5% by volume or more. More preferably 10% by volume or more, particularly preferably 20% by volume or more, and preferably 95% by volume or less, more preferably 85% by volume or less, still more preferably 75% by volume or less, particularly preferably 60% by volume. It is as follows.

When the cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom is contained in this concentration range, the electrical conductivity of the electrolytic solution can be maintained while forming a stable protective film on the negative electrode.
As a specific example of a preferable combination of a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom and a cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom and a chain carbonate,
Monofluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, monofluoro Ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate Monofluoroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, Monofluoroethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate Tylmethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene Carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate Examples include diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate.

Among the combinations of cyclic carbonates having fluorine atoms and cyclic carbonates not having fluorine atoms and chain carbonates, those containing asymmetric chain alkyl carbonates as chain carbonates are more preferred,
Monofluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate Ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate Ethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate And dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate. Since the balance of Le characteristics and large-current discharge characteristics may preferably. Among them, the asymmetric chain carbonate is preferably ethyl methyl carbonate, and the alkyl group of the chain carbonate preferably has 1 to 2 carbon atoms.

When ethyl methyl carbonate is contained in the non-aqueous solvent, the proportion of ethyl methyl carbonate in the total non-aqueous solvent is preferably 10% by volume or more, more preferably 20% by volume or more, and further preferably 25% by volume or more. In particular, it is 30% by volume or more, preferably 95% by volume or less, more preferably 90% by volume or less, still more preferably 85% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 80% by volume or less. The load characteristics of the battery may be improved.
In the combination mainly composed of the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom and the chain carbonate, in addition to the cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom, a cyclic carboxylic acid ester, a chain carboxylic acid ester, a cyclic ether, a chain Other solvents such as a chain ether, a sulfur-containing organic solvent, a phosphorus-containing organic solvent, and a fluorine-containing aromatic solvent may be mixed.

<When using a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom as an auxiliary agent>
In the present invention, when a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom is used as an auxiliary agent, as the non-aqueous solvent other than the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom, the above-exemplified non-aqueous solvent may be used alone, or two or more thereof. May be used in any combination and ratio.
For example, one preferred combination of non-aqueous solvents is a combination mainly composed of a cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom and a chain carbonate.

Among them, the total of the cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom and the chain carbonate in the non-aqueous solvent is preferably 70% by volume or more, more preferably 80% by volume or more, further preferably 90% by volume or more, and The ratio of the cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom to the total of the cyclic carbonate and the chain carbonate is preferably 5% by volume or more, more preferably 10% by volume or more, further preferably 15% by volume or more, and preferably It is 50 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 35 volume% or less, More preferably, it is 30 volume% or less, Most preferably, it is 25 volume% or less.
When a combination of these non-aqueous solvents is used, the balance between the cycle characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics (particularly, the remaining capacity and high-load discharge capacity after high-temperature storage) of a battery produced using the non-aqueous solvent may be improved.

For example, as a specific example of a preferable combination of a cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom and a chain carbonate,
Ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate And dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.

  Among the combinations of cyclic carbonates having no fluorine atoms and chain carbonates, those containing asymmetric chain alkyl carbonates as chain carbonates are more preferable, and in particular, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and ethyl Cycling characteristics and large current are methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, etc. This is preferable because the discharge characteristics are well balanced.

Among them, the asymmetric chain carbonate is preferably ethyl methyl carbonate, and the alkyl group of the chain carbonate preferably has 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
When dimethyl carbonate is contained in the non-aqueous solvent, the proportion of dimethyl carbonate in the total non-aqueous solvent is preferably 10% by volume or more, more preferably 20% by volume or more, and even more preferably 25% by volume or more. Preferably it is 30% by volume or more, preferably 90% by volume or less, more preferably 80% by volume or less, further preferably 75% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 70% by volume or less. The load characteristics of the battery may be improved.

Above all, it contains dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and by increasing the content ratio of dimethyl carbonate over the content ratio of ethyl methyl carbonate, the electric conductivity of the electrolyte can be maintained, but the battery characteristics after high temperature storage are improved. This is preferable.
The volume ratio of dimethyl carbonate to ethyl methyl carbonate in all non-aqueous solvents (dimethyl carbonate / ethyl methyl carbonate) is 1.1 or more in terms of improving the electric conductivity of the electrolyte and improving the battery characteristics after storage. Is preferable, 1.5 or more is more preferable, and 2.5 or more is more preferable. The volume ratio (dimethyl carbonate / ethyl methyl carbonate) is preferably 40 or less, more preferably 20 or less, still more preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 8 or less, from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics at low temperatures.

In the combination mainly composed of a cyclic carbonate having no fluorine atom and a chain carbonate, a cyclic carboxylic acid ester, a chain carboxylic acid ester, a cyclic ether, a chain ether, a sulfur-containing organic solvent, a phosphorus-containing solvent You may mix other solvents, such as an organic solvent and an aromatic fluorine-containing solvent.
In this specification, the volume of the non-aqueous solvent is a measured value at 25 ° C., but the measured value at the melting point is used for a solid at 25 ° C. such as ethylene carbonate.

1-4. Auxiliary agent In the non-aqueous electrolyte solution used in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention, (I) a compound represented by the general formula (A) and (II) a compound represented by the general formulas (B) to (D) And at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having at least three cyano groups, and (III) at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and cyclic carbonates having fluorine atoms. In addition to containing a seed compound, an auxiliary agent may be appropriately used depending on the purpose. As auxiliary agents, the following dinitrile compounds, isocyanate compounds, difluorophosphates, fluorosulfonic acids, acid anhydride compounds, cyclic sulfonic acid ester compounds, fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonates, compounds having a triple bond, other Auxiliaries and the like.

1-4-1. Dinitrile Compound The dinitrile compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having two nitrile groups in the molecule.

Specific examples of the dinitrile compound include, for example,
Malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimonitrile, suberonitrile, azeronitrile, sebacononitrile, undecandinitrile, dodecandinitrile, methylmalononitrile, ethylmalononitrile, isopropylmalononitrile, tert-butylmalononitrile, methylsuccinonitrile 2,2-dimethylsuccinonitrile, 2,3-dimethylsuccinonitrile, 2,3,3-trimethylsuccinonitrile, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylsuccinonitrile, 2,3-diethyl- 2,3-dimethylsuccinonitrile, 2,2-diethyl-3,3-dimethylsuccinonitrile, bicyclohexyl-1,1-dicarbonitrile, bicyclohexyl-2,2-dicarbonitrile, bicyclohexyl- , 3-dicarbonitrile, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanedicarbonitrile, 2,3-diisobutyl-2,3-dimethylsuccinonitrile, 2,2-diisobutyl-3,3-dimethylsuccino Nitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 2,3-dimethylglutaronitrile, 2,4-dimethylglutaronitrile, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylglutaronitrile, 2,2,4,4-tetra Methylglutaronitrile, 2,2,3,4-tetramethylglutaronitrile, 2,3,3,4-tetramethylglutaronitrile, maleonitrile, fumaronitrile, 1,4-dicyanopentane, 2,6-dicyanoheptane 2,7-dicyanooctane, 2,8-dicyanononane, 1,6-dicyanodecane, 1,2-didiananobenzene, 1,3-disi Nobenzene, 1,4-dicyanobenzene, 3,3 ′-(ethylenedioxy) dipropionitrile, 3,3 ′-(ethylenedithio) dipropionitrile, 3,9-bis (2-cyanoethyl) -2,4 , 8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecane and the like.

  Among these, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimeonitrile, suberonitrile, azeronitrile, sebacononitrile, undecandinitrile, dodecandinitrile, 3,9-bis (2-cyanoethyl) -2,4,8,10-tetra Oxaspiro [5,5] undecane is preferred from the viewpoint of improving storage characteristics. In addition, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimonitrile, suberonitrile, azeronitrile, sebacononitrile, undecandinitrile, dodecandinitrile, fumaronitrile, 3,9-bis (2-cyanoethyl) -2,4,8,10-tetra Particularly preferred are dinitrile compounds such as oxaspiro [5,5] undecane. Further, a chain dinitrile having 4 or more carbon atoms is preferable.

  A dinitrile compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. There is no limitation on the amount of dinitrile compound added to the whole non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention, and it is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. Usually, 0.001% by mass with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention. Or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and further preferably 2% by mass. Hereinafter, it is most preferably contained at a concentration of 1% by mass or less. When the said range is satisfy | filled, effects, such as a high temperature storage characteristic and a discharge storage characteristic, improve more.

1-4-2. Isocyanate compound The type of the isocyanate compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having an isocyanate group in the molecule.
Specific examples of the isocyanate compound include, for example,
Hydrocarbon monoisocyanate compounds such as methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, propyl isocyanate, isopropyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate, tertiary butyl isocyanate, pentyl isocyanate, hexyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate and fluorophenyl isocyanate;
Monoisocyanate compounds having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, such as vinyl isocyanate, allyl isocyanate, ethynyl isocyanate, propynyl isocyanate;
Monomethylene diisocyanate, dimethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, heptamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-diisocyanate Natopropane, 1,4-diisocyanato-2-butene, 1,4-diisocyanato-2-fluorobutane, 1,4-diisocyanato-2,3-difluorobutane, 1,5-diisocyanato-2-pentene, 1,5 -Diisocyanato-2-methylpentane, 1,6-diisocyanato-2-hexene, 1,6-diisocyanato-3-hexene, 1,6 Diisocyanato-3-fluorohexane, 1,6-diisocyanato-3,4-difluorohexane, toluene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, 1,2-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,3-bis (isocyanato) Methyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,2-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,3-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, dicyclohexylmethane-1,1 ′ Diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-2,2′-diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-3,3′-diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2, 5-diylbis (methylisocyanate), bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,6-diylbis (methylisocyanate), isophorone diisocyanate, carbonyl diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane-1,4-dione, Hydrocarbon diisocyanate compounds such as 1,5-diisocyanatopentane-1,5-dione, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate;
Isocyanate compounds such as diisocyanato sulfone, (ortho-, meta-, para-) toluenesulfonyl isocyanate, benzenesulfonyl isocyanate, fluorosulfonyl isocyanate, phenoxysulfonyl isocyanate, pentafluorophenoxysulfonyl isocyanate, methoxysulfonyl isocyanate;
Etc.

Of these, monoisocyanate compounds having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, such as vinyl isocyanate, allyl isocyanate, ethynyl isocyanate, propynyl isocyanate;
Monomethylene diisocyanate, dimethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, heptamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis ( Isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,5-diylbis (methylisocyanate), bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,6- Diylbis (methyl isocyanate), isophorone diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate DOO, hydrocarbon diisocyanate compounds such as 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate;
Isocyanate compounds such as diisocyanato sulfone, (ortho-, meta-, para-) toluenesulfonyl isocyanate, benzenesulfonyl isocyanate, fluorosulfonyl isocyanate, phenoxysulfonyl isocyanate, pentafluorophenoxysulfonyl isocyanate, methoxysulfonyl isocyanate;
Is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the storage characteristics.

More preferred are allyl isocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, diisocyanatosulfone, (ortho-, meta-, para-) toluenesulfonyl isocyanate, and particularly preferred is hexamethylene. Diisocyanate, 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, (ortho-, meta-, para-) toluenesulfonyl isocyanate are preferred, and most preferred is hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane. preferable.
Moreover, as an isocyanate compound, the isocyanate compound which has a branched chain is preferable.

  The isocyanate compound used in the present invention may be a trimer compound derived from a compound having at least two isocyanate groups in the molecule, or an aliphatic polyisocyanate obtained by adding a polyhydric alcohol thereto. Examples include biurets, isocyanurates, adducts, and bifunctional type modified polyisocyanates represented by the basic structures of the following general formulas (1-2-1) to (1-2-4) (the following general formula In (1-2-1) to (1-2-4), R and R ′ are each independently any hydrocarbon group.

  The compound having at least two isocyanate groups in the molecule used in the present invention also includes so-called blocked isocyanate which is blocked with a blocking agent to enhance storage stability. Examples of the blocking agent include alcohols, phenols, organic amines, oximes, and lactams. Specific examples include n-butanol, phenol, tributylamine, diethylethanolamine, methyl ethyl ketoxime, and ε-caprolactam. Etc.

In order to promote a reaction based on a compound having at least two isocyanate groups in the molecule and obtain a higher effect, a metal catalyst such as dibutyltin dilaurate or the like, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene- It is also preferable to use an amine catalyst such as 7 in combination.
Furthermore, the compound which has an isocyanate group may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.

There is no restriction | limiting in the compounding quantity of the compound which has an isocyanate group with respect to the whole nonaqueous electrolyte solution of this invention, Although it is arbitrary unless the effect of this invention is impaired remarkably, it is usually 0.8 with respect to the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of this invention. 001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably It is contained at a concentration of 2% by mass or less, particularly preferably 1% by mass or less, and most preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
When the said range is satisfy | filled, effects, such as a high temperature storage characteristic and a discharge storage characteristic, improve more.

1-4-3. Difluorophosphate The counter cation of difluorophosphate is not particularly limited, but lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, barium, and NR ¹³ R ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ R ¹⁶ (wherein R ^{13 to} R ¹⁶ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.)

Although it does not specifically limit as a C1-C12 organic group represented by R < ¹³ > -R < ¹⁶ > of the said ammonium, For example, it is substituted by the alkyl group, the halogen atom, or the alkyl group which may be substituted by the halogen atom. Examples thereof include an cycloalkyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom or an alkyl group, and a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Among these, as R ^{13 to} R ¹⁶ , a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group is preferable.

Specific examples of difluorophosphate include
Examples include lithium difluorophosphate, sodium difluorophosphate, and potassium difluorophosphate, and lithium difluorophosphate is preferred.
A difluorophosphate may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. Moreover, the compounding quantity of a difluorophosphate is not restrict | limited in particular, As long as the effect of this invention is not impaired remarkably, it is arbitrary.

The blending amount of difluorophosphate is usually 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte. % Or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably 2% by mass or less, and most preferably 1% by mass or less.
Within this range, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery tends to exhibit a sufficient cycle characteristics improvement effect, and the high temperature storage characteristics deteriorate, the amount of gas generated increases, and the discharge capacity maintenance ratio decreases. Easy to avoid.

1-4-4. Fluorosulfonate The counter cation of the fluorosulfonate is not particularly limited, but lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, barium, and NR ¹³ R ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ R ¹⁶ (wherein R ^{13 to} R ¹⁶ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.)

Although it does not specifically limit as a C1-C12 organic group represented by R < ¹³ > -R < ¹⁶ > of the said ammonium, For example, it is substituted by the alkyl group, the halogen atom, or the alkyl group which may be substituted by the halogen atom. Examples thereof include an cycloalkyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom or an alkyl group, and a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Among these, as R ^{13 to} R ¹⁶ , a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a nitrogen atom-containing heterocyclic group is preferable.

As specific examples of fluorosulfonate,
Examples thereof include lithium fluorosulfonate, sodium fluorosulfonate, potassium fluorosulfonate, rubidium fluorosulfonate, cesium fluorosulfonate and the like, and lithium fluorosulfonate is preferable.
A fluorosulfonate may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. Further, the blending amount of the fluorosulfonate is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.

The blending amount of the monofluorosulfonate is usually 0.001% by mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte. It is contained at a concentration of not more than mass%, preferably not more than 5 mass%, more preferably not more than 3 mass%, still more preferably not more than 2 mass%, most preferably not more than 1 mass%.
Within this range, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery tends to exhibit a sufficient cycle characteristics improvement effect, and the high temperature storage characteristics deteriorate, the amount of gas generated increases, and the discharge capacity maintenance ratio decreases. Easy to avoid.

1-4-5. Acid anhydride compound Acid anhydride compounds include carboxylic acid anhydride, sulfuric acid anhydride, nitric acid anhydride, sulfonic acid anhydride, phosphoric acid anhydride, phosphorous acid anhydride, cyclic acid anhydride, chain The structure is not particularly limited as long as it is an acid anhydride compound.

Specific examples of the acid anhydride compound include, for example,
Malonic anhydride, succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, adipic anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, phenylmaleic anhydride 2,3-diphenylmaleic anhydride, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 4 , 4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, methyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, phenylsuccinic anhydride, 2-phenylglutaric anhydride Allyl succinic anhydride, 2-buten-11-yl succinic anhydride, (2-methyl-2-propenyl) succinic anhydride, tetra Fluorosuccinic anhydride, diacetyl-tartaric anhydride, bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 5- (2,5-dioxo Tetrahydrofuryl) -3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, methacrylic acid anhydride, acrylic acid anhydride, crotonic acid anhydride, methanesulfonic acid anhydride, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anhydride, nona Examples include fluorobutanesulfonic anhydride, acetic anhydride and the like.

Of these,
Succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, phenylmaleic anhydride, bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 5- (2 , 5-dioxotetrahydrofuryl) -3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, allyl succinic anhydride, acetic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, methanesulfonic anhydride preferable.
An acid anhydride compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.

There is no limit to the amount of the acid anhydride compound with respect to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention, and it is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. % By mass or more, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and further preferably 2% by mass. It is contained at a concentration of not more than mass%, particularly preferably not more than 1 mass%, most preferably not more than 0.5 mass%.
When the said range is satisfy | filled, effects, such as a high temperature storage characteristic and a discharge storage characteristic, improve more.

1-4-6. Cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound The type of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound is not particularly limited.
Specific examples of the cyclic sulfonate ester include, for example,
1,3-propane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 1-methyl-1,3-propane sultone 2-methyl-1,3-propane sultone, 3-methyl-1,3-propane sultone, 1-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-fluoro-1-propene -1,3-sultone, 2-fluoro-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 3-fluoro-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-fluoro-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 2 -Fluoro-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 3-fluoro-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-methyl-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-methyl-1-propene -1,3-sultone, 3-methyl-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-methyl-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-methyl-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 3 -Methyl-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 4 -Fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 1-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 2-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 3-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 4-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 1 -Butene-1,4-sultone, 2-butene-1,4-sultone, 3-butene-1,4-sultone, 1-fluoro-1-butene-1,4-sultone, 2-fluoro- -Butene-1,4-sultone, 3-fluoro-1-butene-1,4-sultone, 4-fluoro-1-butene-1,4-sultone, 1-fluoro-2-butene-1,4-sultone 2-fluoro-2-butene-1,4-sultone, 3-fluoro-2-butene-1,4-sultone, 4-fluoro-2-butene-1,4-sultone, 1-fluoro-3-butene -1,4-sultone, 2-fluoro-3-butene-1,4-sultone, 3-fluoro-3-butene-1,4-sultone, 4-fluoro-3-butene-1,4-sultone, 1 -Methyl-1-butene-1,4-sultone, 2-methyl-1-butene-1,4-sultone, 3-methyl-1-butene-1,4-sultone, 4-methyl-1-butene-1 , 4-sultone, 1-methyl-2-butene-1,4 -Sultone, 2-methyl-2-butene-1,4-sultone, 3-methyl-2-butene-1,4-sultone, 4-methyl-2-butene-1,4-sultone, 1-methyl-3 -Butene-1,4-sultone, 2-methyl-3-butene-1,4-sultone, 3-methyl-3-butene-1,4-sultone, 4-methyl-3-butene-1,4-sultone 1,5-pentane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,5-pentane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,5-pentane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,5-pentane sultone, 4-fluoro-1,5-pentane Sultone, 5-fluoro-1,5-pentanthruton, 1-methyl-1,5-pentanthruton, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanthruton, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanthruton, 4-methyl- 1,5- N-pentene sultone, 5-methyl-1,5-pentanthrutone, 1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-pentene-1,5 -Sultone, 1-fluoro-1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2-fluoro-1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-fluoro-1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-fluoro-1 -Pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-fluoro-1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 1-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone 3-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-fluoro-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 1-fluoro-3-pen 1,5-sultone, 2-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-fluoro-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 1-fluoro-4-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2-fluoro-4-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-fluoro-4-pentene- 1,5-sultone, 4-fluoro-4-pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-fluoro-4-pentene-1,5-sultone, 1-methyl-1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2- Methyl-1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-methyl-1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-methyl-1-pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-methyl-1-pentene-1, 5-sultone, 1-methyl 2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2-methyl-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-methyl-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-methyl-2-pentene-1,5 -Sultone, 5-methyl-2-pentene-1,5-sultone, 1-methyl-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 2-methyl-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-methyl-3 -Pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-methyl-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-methyl-3-pentene-1,5-sultone, 1-methyl-4-pentene-1,5-sultone 2-methyl-4-pentene-1,5-sultone, 3-methyl-4-pentene-1,5-sultone, 4-methyl-4-pentene-1,5-sultone, 5-methyl-4-pentene Sultonization such as -1,5-sultone Things;
Sulfate compounds such as methylene sulfate, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate;
Disulfonate compounds such as methylene methane disulfonate and ethylene methane disulfonate;
1,2,3-oxathiazolidine-2,2-dioxide, 3-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazolidine-2,2-dioxide, 3H-1,2,3-oxathiazol-2,2-dioxide 5H-1,2,3-oxathiazol-2,2-dioxide, 1,2,4-oxathiazolidine-2,2-dioxide, 4-methyl-1,2,4-oxathiazolidine-2,2- Dioxide, 3H-1,2,4-oxathiazole-2,2-dioxide, 5H-1,2,4-oxathiazole-2,2-dioxide, 1,2,5-oxathiazolidine-2,2-dioxide 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathiazolidine-2,2-dioxide, 3H-1,2,5-oxathiazole-2,2-dioxide, 5H-1,2,5-oxathiazole-2 2-dioxide, 1,2,3-oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxide, 3-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxide, 5,6-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazine- 2,2-dioxide, 1,2,4-oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxide, 4-methyl-1,2,4-oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxide, 5,6-dihydro-1,2,4- Oxathiazine-2,2-dioxide, 3,6-dihydro-1,2,4-oxathiazine-2,2-dioxide, 3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-oxathiazine-2,2-dioxide, 1, 2,5-oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxide, 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxide, 5,6-dihydro-1,2,5-oxathiazine-2 2-dioxide, 3,6-dihydro-1,2,5-oxathiazine-2,2-dioxide, 3,4-dihydro-1,2,5-oxathiazine-2,2-dioxide, 1,2,6- Oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxide, 6-methyl-1,2,6-oxathiazinane-2,2-dioxide, 5,6-dihydro-1,2,6-oxathiazine-2,2-dioxide, 3,4- Nitrogen-containing compounds such as dihydro-1,2,6-oxathiazine-2,2-dioxide, 5,6-dihydro-1,2,6-oxathiazine-2,2-dioxide;
1,2,3-oxathiaphoslane-2,2-dioxide, 3-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiaphoslane-2,2-dioxide, 3-methyl-1,2,3-oxathi Aphoslane-2,2,3-trioxide, 3-methoxy-1,2,3-oxathiaphoslane-2,2,3-trioxide, 1,2,4-oxathiaphoslane-2,2-dioxide 4-methyl-1,2,4-oxathiaphoslane-2,2-dioxide, 4-methyl-1,2,4-oxathiaphoslane-2,2,4-trioxide, 4-methoxy-1 , 2,4-Oxathiaphoslane-2,2,4-trioxide, 1,2,5-oxathiaphoslane-2,2-dioxide, 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathiaphoslane- 2,2-dioxide, 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathia Suranium-2,2,5-trioxide, 5-methoxy-1,2,5-oxathiaphoslane-2,2,5-trioxide, 1,2,3-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 3-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 3-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 3-methoxy-1, 2,3-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 1,2,4-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 4-methyl-1,2,4-oxathiaphosphinan-2 , 2-dioxide, 4-methyl-1,2,4-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 4-methyl-1,5,2,4-dioxathiaphosphinan-2,4- Dioxide, 4-methoxy 1,5,2,4-dioxathiaphosphinan-2,4-dioxide, 3-methoxy-1,2,4-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 1,2,5-oxa Thiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 5-methyl-1,2,5-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2, 3-trioxide, 5-methoxy-1,2,5-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 1,2,6-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 6-methyl-1, 2,6-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2-dioxide, 6-methyl-1,2,6-oxathiaphosphinan-2,2,3-trioxide, 6-methoxy-1,2,6-oxathia Phosphinan-2,2 Phosphorus-containing compounds such as 1,3-trioxide;
Among these, 1,3-propane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 1-propene-1, 3-sultone, 1-fluoro-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-fluoro-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 3-fluoro-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 1,4- Butane sultone, methylene methane disulfonate, and ethylene methane disulfonate are preferable from the viewpoint of improving storage characteristics. 1,3-propane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 3 -Fluoro-1,3-propane sultone and 1-propene-1,3-sultone are more preferable.

  A cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may have 2 or more types by arbitrary combinations and ratios. There is no limitation on the amount of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound added to the whole non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention, and it is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. % Or more, preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, and usually 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 3% by weight or less, particularly preferably. 2% by mass or less, most preferably 1% by mass or less. When the above range is satisfied, effects such as output characteristics, load characteristics, low temperature characteristics, cycle characteristics, and high temperature storage characteristics are further improved.

1-4-7. Fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate As the fluorinated cyclic carbonate, it is also preferable to use a cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond and a fluorine atom (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate”). The number of fluorine atoms contained in the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more. Among them, the fluorine atom is usually 6 or less, preferably 4 or less, and most preferably 1 or 2.

Examples of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate include fluorinated vinylene carbonate derivatives, fluorinated ethylene carbonate derivatives substituted with an aromatic ring or a substituent having a carbon-carbon double bond.
Fluorinated vinylene carbonate derivatives include 4-fluoro vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-methyl vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-phenyl vinylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-fluoro vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5- And vinyl vinylene carbonate.

As the fluorinated ethylene carbonate derivative substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond,
4-fluoro-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-allylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-allylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4-vinylethylene Carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4-allylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-allylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-divinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-diallylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4,5-divinylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4,5-diallylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-phenylethylene carbonate, 4-fu Oro-5-phenylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-5-phenylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-phenylethylene carbonate.

Among these, as a preferable fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate,
4-fluoro vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-methyl vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-vinyl vinylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-fluoro vinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro- 4-allylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-allylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4-allylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-allylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-divinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-diallylethylene carbonate 4,5-difluoro-4,5-divinyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4,5-diallyl ethylene carbonate, because it forms a stable interface protective coating, more preferably used.

The molecular weight of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. The molecular weight is preferably 50 or more and 250 or less. If it is this range, it will be easy to ensure the solubility of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate with respect to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and the effect of this invention will be easy to be expressed.
The production method of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and can be produced by arbitrarily selecting a known method. The molecular weight is more preferably 100 or more, and more preferably 200 or less.

A fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. Moreover, the compounding quantity of a fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not restrict | limited in particular, As long as the effect of this invention is not impaired remarkably, it is arbitrary.
The compounding amount of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is usually in 100% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.5% by mass or more. Moreover, it is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, further preferably 3% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2% by mass or less.
Within this range, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery tends to exhibit a sufficient cycle characteristics improvement effect, and the high temperature storage characteristics deteriorate, the amount of gas generated increases, and the discharge capacity maintenance ratio decreases. Easy to avoid.

1-4-8. Compound having triple bond The compound having a triple bond is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having one or more triple bonds in the molecule.
Specific examples of the compound having a triple bond include the following compounds.
1-pentyne, 2-pentyne, 1-hexyne, 2-hexyne, 3-hexyne, 1-heptin, 2-heptin, 3-heptin, 1-octyne, 2-octyne, 3-octyne, 4-octyne, 1- Nonin, 2-nonine, 3-nonine, 4-nonine, 1-dodecin, 2-dodecin, 3-dodecin, 4-dodecin, 5-dodecin, phenylacetylene, 1-phenyl-1-propyne, 1-phenyl-2 -Propyne, 1-phenyl-1-butyne, 4-phenyl-1-butyne, 4-phenyl-1-butyne, 1-phenyl-1-pentyne, 5-phenyl-1-pentyne, 1-phenyl-1-hexyne Hydrocarbon compounds such as 6-phenyl-1-hexyne, diphenylacetylene, 4-ethynyltoluene, and dicyclohexylacetylene;

2-propynylmethyl carbonate, 2-propynylethyl carbonate, 2-propynylpropyl carbonate, 2-propynylbutyl carbonate, 2-propynylphenyl carbonate, 2-propynylcyclohexyl carbonate, di-2-propynyl carbonate, 1-methyl-2-propynyl Methyl carbonate, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl methyl carbonate, 2-butynyl methyl carbonate, 3-butynyl methyl carbonate, 2-pentynyl methyl carbonate, 3-pentynyl methyl carbonate, 4-pentynyl methyl carbonate, Monocarbonates such as;
2-butyne-1,4-diol dimethyl dicarbonate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol diethyl dicarbonate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol dipropyl dicarbonate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol dibutyl Dicarbonates such as dicarbonate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol diphenyl dicarbonate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol dicyclohexyl dicarbonate;

2-propynyl acetate, 2-propynyl propionate, 2-propynyl butyrate, 2-propynyl benzoate, 2-propynyl cyclohexylcarboxylate, acetic acid 1, 1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1, propionic acid 1, 1-dimethyl-2- Propynyl, butyric acid 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, benzoic acid 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, cyclohexylcarboxylic acid 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 2-butynyl acetate, 3-butynyl acetate, acetic acid 2 -Pentynyl, 3-pentynyl acetate, 4-pentynyl acetate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate, 2-propenyl acrylate, 2-butenyl acrylate, 3-butenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate , Ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, methacrylate Vinyl proprate, 2-propenyl methacrylate, 2-butenyl methacrylate, 3-butenyl methacrylate, methyl 2-propinate, ethyl 2-propinate, propyl 2-propinate, vinyl 2-propinate, 2-propionic acid 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl 2-propanoate, 3-butenyl 2-propinate, methyl 2-butyrate, 2-ethyl butyrate, propyl 2-butyrate, vinyl 2-butyrate, 2-butynoic acid 2- Propenyl, 2-butenyl 2-butyrate, 3-butenyl 2-butyrate, methyl 3-butyrate, ethyl 3-butyrate, propyl 3-butyrate, vinyl 3-butyrate, 2-propenyl 3-butyrate, 2-butenyl 3-butynoate, 3-butenyl 3-butyrate, methyl 2-pentynoate, ethyl 2-pentynoate, propyl 2-pentynoate, 2- Vinyl pentinate, 2-propenyl 2-pentylate, 2-butenyl 2-pentinate, 3-butenyl 2-pentinate, methyl 3-pentinate, ethyl 3-pentanoate, propyl 3-pentanoate, 3-pentynoic acid Vinyl, 2-propenyl 3-pentynoate, 2-butenyl 3-pentynoate, 3-butenyl 3-pentynoate, methyl 4-pentynoate, ethyl 4-pentynoate, propyl 4-pentynoate, vinyl 4-pentynoate, Monocarboxylic acid esters such as 2-propenyl 4-pentynoate, 2-butenyl 4-pentynoate and 3-butenyl 4-pentynoate;
2-butyne-1,4-diol diacetate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol dipropionate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol dibutyrate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol dibenzoate, 2-butyne Dicarboxylic acid esters such as -1,4-diol dicyclohexanecarboxylate;

  Methyl oxalate 2-propynyl, ethyl oxalate 2-propynyl, propyl oxalate 2-propynyl, 2-propynyl oxalate vinyl, allyl oxalate 2-propynyl, di-2-propynyl oxalate, 2-butynyl methyl oxalate, 2-butynylethyl oxalate, 2-butynylpropyl oxalate, 2-butynyl vinyl oxalate, allyl 2-butynyl oxalate, di-2-butynyl oxalate, 3-butynyl methyl oxalate, 3-butynyl ethyl oxalate Oxalic acid diesters such as 3-butynylpropyl oxalate, 3-butynyl vinyl oxalate, allyl 3-butynyl oxalate, and di-3-butynyl oxalate;

  Methyl (2-propynyl) (vinyl) phosphine oxide, divinyl (2-propynyl) phosphine oxide, di (2-propynyl) (vinyl) phosphine oxide, di (2-propenyl) 2 (-propynyl) phosphine oxide, di (2 Phosphine oxides such as -propynyl) (2-propenyl) phosphine oxide, di (3-butenyl) (2-propynyl) phosphine oxide, and di (2-propynyl) (3-butenyl) phosphine oxide;

  2-propynyl methyl (2-propenyl) phosphinate, 2-propynyl 2-butenyl (methyl) phosphinate, 2-propynyl di (2-propenyl) phosphinate, 2-propynyl di (3-butenyl) phosphinate, methyl ( 2-propenyl) phosphinic acid 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 2-butenyl (methyl) phosphinic acid 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, di (2-propenyl) phosphinic acid 1,1-dimethyl-2- Propynyl, and 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl di (3-butenyl) phosphinate, 2-propenyl methyl (2-propynyl) phosphinate, 3-butenyl methyl (2-propynyl) phosphinate, di (2-propynyl) ) 2-propenyl phosphinate, 3-butenyl di (2-propynyl) phosphinate, 2 Propynyl (2-propenyl) phosphinic acid 2-propenyl, and 2-propynyl (2-propenyl) phosphinic acid 3-phosphinic acid esters butenyl;

  2-propenylphosphonic acid methyl 2-propynyl, 2-butenylphosphonic acid methyl (2-propynyl), 2-propenylphosphonic acid (2-propynyl) (2-propenyl), 3-butenylphosphonic acid (3-butenyl) (2-propynyl) ), 2-propenylphosphonic acid (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) (methyl), 2-butenylphosphonic acid (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) (methyl), 2-propenylphosphonic acid (1,1 -Dimethyl-2-propynyl) (2-propenyl), and 3-butenylphosphonic acid (3-butenyl) (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl), methylphosphonic acid (2-propynyl) (2-propenyl), methylphosphonic acid (3-butenyl) (2-propynyl), methylphosphonic acid (1,1-dimethyl-2-propyl) Pinyl) (2-propenyl), methylphosphonic acid (3-butenyl) (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl), ethylphosphonic acid (2-propynyl) (2-propenyl), ethylphosphonic acid (3-butenyl) ( 2-propynyl), phosphonic acid esters such as ethylphosphonic acid (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) (2-propenyl), and ethylphosphonic acid (3-butenyl) (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) ;

Phosphoric acid (methyl) (2-propenyl) (2-propynyl), phosphoric acid (ethyl) (2-propenyl) (2-propynyl), phosphoric acid (2-butenyl) (methyl) (2-propynyl), phosphoric acid (2-butenyl) (ethyl) (2-propynyl), phosphoric acid (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) (methyl) (2-propenyl), phosphoric acid (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) ( Ethyl) (2-propenyl), phosphoric acid (2-butenyl) (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) (methyl), and phosphoric acid (2-butenyl) (ethyl) (1,1-dimethyl-2-phenyl) Phosphate esters such as propynyl);
Among these, a compound having an alkynyloxy group is preferable because it forms a negative electrode film more stably in the electrolytic solution.

further,
2-propynylmethyl carbonate, di-2-propynyl carbonate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol dimethyl dicarbonate, 2-propynyl acetate, 2-butyne-1,4-diol diacetate, methyl oxalate 2-propynyl, A compound such as di-2-propynyl oxalate is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of improving storage characteristics.

  The said compound which has a triple bond may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. The compounding amount of the compound having a triple bond with respect to the entire non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is not limited, and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. 01% by mass or more, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less Let When the said range is satisfy | filled, effects, such as a high temperature storage characteristic and a discharge storage characteristic, improve more.

1-4-9. Other auxiliaries As other auxiliaries, known auxiliaries other than the above auxiliaries can be used. As other auxiliaries,
Carbonate compounds such as erythritan carbonate, spiro-bis-dimethylene carbonate, methoxyethyl-methyl carbonate;
Spiro compounds such as 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane and 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane;
Ethylene sulfite, methyl fluorosulfonate, ethyl fluorosulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, busulfan, sulfolene, diphenylsulfone, N, N-dimethylmethanesulfonamide, N, N-diethylmethanesulfonamide, vinyl Methyl sulfonate, ethyl vinyl sulfonate, allyl vinyl sulfonate, propargyl vinyl sulfonate, methyl allyl sulfonate, ethyl allyl sulfonate, allyl sulfonate, propargyl allyl sulfonate, 1,2-bis (vinylsulfonoxy) Sulfur-containing compounds such as ethane;

Nitrogen-containing compounds such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-piperidone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and N-methylsuccinimide;
Trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl ethylphosphonate, dimethyl vinylphosphonate, diethyl vinylphosphonate, dimethylphosphine Phosphorus-containing compounds such as methyl acid, ethyl diethylphosphinate, trimethylphosphine oxide, triethylphosphine oxide;

Hydrocarbon compounds such as heptane, octane, nonane, decane, cycloheptane;
Fluorine-containing aromatic compounds such as fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, hexafluorobenzene and benzotrifluoride;
Etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. By adding these auxiliaries, capacity maintenance characteristics and cycle characteristics after high temperature storage can be improved.

The blending amount of other auxiliary agents is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. The other auxiliary agent is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Within this range, the effects of other auxiliaries can be sufficiently exhibited, and it is easy to avoid a situation in which battery characteristics such as high-load discharge characteristics deteriorate.
The blending amount of other auxiliaries is more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, further preferably 0.2% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and further preferably 1% by mass or less. .

As mentioned above, what exists in the inside of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery as described in this invention is also contained in the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolyte.
Specifically, the components of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution such as lithium salt, solvent, and auxiliary agent are separately synthesized, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is prepared from what is substantially isolated by the method described below. In the case of a nonaqueous electrolyte solution in a nonaqueous electrolyte battery obtained by pouring into a separately assembled battery, the components of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention are individually placed in the battery, In order to obtain the same composition as the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention by mixing in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, the compound constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is further generated in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The case where the same composition as the aqueous electrolyte is obtained is also included.

2. Battery Configuration The non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is suitable for use as an electrolyte for a secondary battery, for example, a lithium secondary battery, among non-aqueous electrolyte batteries. Hereinafter, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention will be described.
The non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention can adopt a known structure. Typically, the negative electrode and the positive electrode capable of occluding and releasing ions (for example, lithium ions), and the non-aqueous electrolysis of the present invention described above. Liquid.

2-1. Negative electrode The negative electrode active material used for the negative electrode is described below. The negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can electrochemically occlude and release lithium ions. Specific examples include carbonaceous materials, alloy materials, lithium-containing metal composite oxide materials, and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used together combining 2 or more types arbitrarily.

<Negative electrode active material>
Examples of the negative electrode active material include carbonaceous materials, alloy materials, lithium-containing metal composite oxide materials, and the like.
Examples of the carbonaceous material include (1) natural graphite, (2) artificial graphite, (3) amorphous carbon, (4) carbon-coated graphite, (5) graphite-coated graphite, and (6) resin-coated graphite. .

(1) Examples of natural graphite include scaly graphite, scaly graphite, soil graphite, and / or graphite particles obtained by subjecting these graphites to spheroidization or densification. Among these, spherical or ellipsoidal graphite subjected to spheroidizing treatment is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of particle filling properties and charge / discharge rate characteristics.
As an apparatus used for the spheroidization treatment, for example, an apparatus that repeatedly gives mechanical action such as compression, friction, shearing force, etc. including the interaction of particles mainly with impact force to the particles can be used.
Specifically, it has a rotor with a large number of blades installed inside the casing, and mechanical action such as impact compression, friction, shearing force, etc. on the carbon material introduced inside the rotor by rotating at high speed. And a device for performing the spheroidizing treatment is preferable. Moreover, it is preferable to have a mechanism that repeatedly gives mechanical action by circulating the carbon material.

  For example, when the spheroidizing treatment is performed using the above-described apparatus, the peripheral speed of the rotating rotor is preferably 30 to 100 m / second, more preferably 40 to 100 m / second, and 50 to 100 m / second. More preferably. The treatment can be performed by simply passing a carbonaceous material, but it is preferable to circulate or stay in the apparatus for 30 seconds or longer, and it is preferable to circulate or stay in the apparatus for 1 minute or longer. More preferred.

  (2) Artificial graphite includes coal tar pitch, coal heavy oil, atmospheric residue, petroleum heavy oil, aromatic hydrocarbon, nitrogen-containing cyclic compound, sulfur-containing cyclic compound, polyphenylene, polyvinyl chloride, Organic compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl butyral, natural polymer, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, furfuryl alcohol resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, imide resin are usually in the range of 2500 ° C. or higher and usually 3200 ° C. or lower. Examples thereof include those produced by graphitization at a temperature and, if necessary, pulverized and / or classified. At this time, a silicon-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, or the like can be used as a graphitization catalyst. In addition, artificial graphite obtained by graphitizing mesocarbon microbeads separated in the heat treatment process of pitch can be mentioned. Furthermore, the artificial graphite of the granulated particle which consists of primary particles is also mentioned. For example, by mixing mesocarbon microbeads and graphitizable carbonaceous material powders such as coke, graphitizable binders such as tar and pitch, and graphitization catalyst, graphitizing, and pulverizing as necessary Examples of the resulting graphite particles include a plurality of flat particles and aggregated or bonded so that the orientation planes are non-parallel.

  (3) As amorphous carbon, amorphous carbon that has been heat-treated at least once in a temperature range (400 to 2200 ° C.) in which no graphitizable carbon precursor such as tar or pitch is used as a raw material. Examples thereof include amorphous carbon particles obtained by heat treatment using particles or a non-graphitizable carbon precursor such as a resin as a raw material.

  (4) Carbon-coated graphite can be obtained by mixing natural graphite and / or artificial graphite with a carbon precursor that is an organic compound such as tar, pitch, or resin, and heat-treating it at least once in the range of 400 to 2300 ° C. Examples thereof include a carbon graphite composite in which natural graphite and / or artificial graphite is used as nuclear graphite, and amorphous carbon coats the nuclear graphite. The composite form may be the whole or part of the surface coated, or a composite of a plurality of primary particles using carbon originating from the carbon precursor as a binder. Carbon can also be deposited (CVD) by reacting natural graphite and / or artificial graphite with hydrocarbon gases such as benzene, toluene, methane, propane, and aromatic volatiles at a high temperature to deposit carbon on the graphite surface. A graphite composite can also be obtained.

  (5) As graphite-coated graphite, natural graphite and / or artificial graphite and a carbon precursor of an easily graphitizable organic compound such as tar, pitch or resin are mixed and once in a range of about 2400 to 3200 ° C. Examples thereof include graphite-coated graphite in which natural graphite and / or artificial graphite obtained by heat treatment is used as nuclear graphite, and graphitized material covers the entire surface or a part of the nuclear graphite.

  (6) As the resin-coated graphite, natural graphite and / or artificial graphite obtained by mixing natural graphite and / or artificial graphite with a resin and drying at a temperature of less than 400 ° C. is used as nuclear graphite, and the resin is nuclear graphite. And resin-coated graphite covering the surface.

Moreover, the carbonaceous material of (1)-(6) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
Examples of organic compounds such as tar, pitch and resin used in the above (2) to (5) include coal-based heavy oil, direct-current heavy oil, cracked heavy petroleum oil, aromatic hydrocarbon, N-ring compound. , S ring compounds, polyphenylene, organic synthetic polymers, natural polymers, organic compounds that can be carbonized selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins. The raw material organic compound may be used after being dissolved in a low molecular organic solvent in order to adjust the viscosity at the time of mixing.

Moreover, as natural graphite and / or artificial graphite used as a raw material of nuclear graphite, natural graphite subjected to spheroidization treatment is preferable.
As an alloy material used as the negative electrode active material, as long as lithium can be occluded / released, lithium alone, simple metals and alloys forming lithium alloys, or oxides, carbides, nitrides, silicides, sulfides thereof Any of compounds such as products or phosphides may be used and is not particularly limited. The single metal and alloy forming the lithium alloy are preferably materials containing group 13 and group 14 metal / metalloid elements (that is, excluding carbon), more preferably aluminum, silicon and tin single metals and An alloy or compound containing these atoms. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.

<Physical properties of carbonaceous materials>
When using a carbonaceous material as a negative electrode active material, it is desirable to have the following physical properties.

(X-ray parameters)
The d-value (interlayer distance) of the lattice plane (002 plane) obtained by X-ray diffraction by the Gakushin method of carbonaceous materials is usually 0.335 nm or more, usually 0.360 nm or less, and 0.350 nm. The following is preferable, and 0.345 nm or less is more preferable. Further, the crystallite size (Lc) of the carbonaceous material obtained by X-ray diffraction by the Gakushin method is preferably 1.0 nm or more, and more preferably 1.5 nm or more.

(Volume-based average particle size)
The volume-based average particle diameter of the carbonaceous material is a volume-based average particle diameter (median diameter) obtained by a laser diffraction / scattering method, and is usually 1 μm or more, preferably 3 μm or more, more preferably 5 μm or more, and 7 μm. The above is particularly preferable, and is usually 100 μm or less, preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 40 μm or less, further preferably 30 μm or less, and particularly preferably 25 μm or less.

If the volume-based average particle size is below the above range, the irreversible capacity may increase, leading to loss of initial battery capacity. On the other hand, when the above range is exceeded, when an electrode is produced by coating, a non-uniform coating surface tends to be formed, which may be undesirable in the battery production process.
The volume-based average particle size is measured by dispersing carbon powder in a 0.2% by weight aqueous solution (about 10 mL) of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, which is a surfactant, and laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution. This is performed using a meter (for example, LA-700 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). The median diameter determined by the measurement is defined as the volume-based average particle diameter of the carbonaceous material of the present invention.

(Raman R value)
The Raman R value of the carbonaceous material is a value measured using a laser Raman spectrum method, and is usually 0.01 or more, preferably 0.03 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and usually 1. 5 or less, preferably 1.2 or less, more preferably 1 or less, and particularly preferably 0.5 or less.

When the Raman R value is below the above range, the crystallinity of the particle surface becomes too high, and there are cases where the number of sites where Li enters between layers decreases with charge / discharge. That is, charge acceptance may be reduced. In addition, when the negative electrode is densified by applying it to the current collector and then pressing it, the crystals are likely to be oriented in a direction parallel to the electrode plate, which may lead to a decrease in load characteristics.
On the other hand, when the above range is exceeded, the crystallinity of the particle surface is lowered, the reactivity with the non-aqueous electrolyte is increased, and the efficiency may be reduced and the gas generation may be increased.

The Raman spectrum is measured by using a Raman spectrometer (for example, a Raman spectrometer manufactured by JASCO Corporation) to drop the sample naturally into the measurement cell and filling the sample cell with argon ion laser light (or a semiconductor). While irradiating a laser beam, the cell is rotated in a plane perpendicular to the laser beam. The resulting Raman spectrum, the intensity IA of a peak PA around 1580 cm ^-1, and measuring the intensity IB of the peak PB around 1360 cm ^-1, and calculates the intensity ratio R (R = IB / IA) . The Raman R value calculated by the measurement is defined as the Raman R value of the carbonaceous material of the present invention.

Moreover, said Raman measurement conditions are as follows.
・ Laser wavelength: Ar ion laser 514.5 nm (semiconductor laser 532 nm)
Measurement range: 1100 cm ^{−1 to} 1730 cm ⁻¹
-Raman R value: background processing,
-Smoothing processing: Simple average, 5 points of convolution

(BET specific surface area)
BET specific surface area of the carbonaceous material is a value of the measured specific surface area using the BET method is usually 0.1 m ² · ^{g -1} or more, 0.7 m ² · ^{g -1} or more, 1. 0 m ² · ^{g -1} or more, and particularly preferably 1.5 m ² · ^{g -1} or more, generally not more than 100 m ² · ^{g -1,} preferably ^{25 m} 2 · ^{g -1} or less, 15 m ² · g ^-1 more preferably less, ^{10 m} 2 · ^{g -1} or less are especially preferred.

When the value of the BET specific surface area is less than this range, the acceptability of lithium is likely to deteriorate during charging when used as a negative electrode material, lithium is likely to precipitate on the electrode surface, and stability may be reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds this range, when used as a negative electrode material, the reactivity with the non-aqueous electrolyte increases, gas generation tends to increase, and a preferable battery may be difficult to obtain.
The specific surface area is measured by the BET method using a surface area meter (for example, a fully automated surface area measuring device manufactured by Okura Riken), preliminarily drying the sample at 350 ° C. for 15 minutes under nitrogen flow, Using a nitrogen helium mixed gas that is accurately adjusted so that the relative pressure value of nitrogen is 0.3, the nitrogen adsorption BET one-point method is performed by a gas flow method.

(Roundness)
When the circularity is measured as the degree of the sphere of the carbonaceous material, it is preferably within the following range. The circularity is defined as “circularity = (peripheral length of an equivalent circle having the same area as the particle projection shape) / (actual perimeter of the particle projection shape)”, and is theoretical when the circularity is 1. Become a true sphere.
The circularity of the particles having a particle size of 3 to 40 μm in the range of the carbonaceous material is desirably closer to 1, and is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, and more preferably 0.8 or more, 0.85 or more is more preferable, and 0.9 or more is particularly preferable. High current density charge / discharge characteristics improve as the degree of circularity increases. Therefore, when the circularity is less than the above range, the filling property of the negative electrode active material is lowered, the resistance between particles is increased, and the high current density charge / discharge characteristics may be lowered for a short time.

  The circularity is measured using a flow type particle image analyzer (for example, FPIA manufactured by Sysmex Corporation). About 0.2 g of a sample was dispersed in a 0.2% by mass aqueous solution (about 50 mL) of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate as a surfactant, and irradiated with 28 kHz ultrasonic waves at an output of 60 W for 1 minute. The detection range is specified as 0.6 to 400 μm, and the particle size is measured in the range of 3 to 40 μm.

  The method for improving the circularity is not particularly limited, but a sphere-shaped sphere is preferable because the shape of the interparticle void when the electrode body is formed is preferable. Examples of spheroidizing treatment include a method of mechanically approaching a sphere by applying a shearing force and a compressive force, a mechanical / physical processing method of granulating a plurality of fine particles by the binder or the adhesive force of the particles themselves, etc. Is mentioned.

(Tap density)
The tap density of the carbonaceous material is usually 0.1 g · cm ⁻³ or more, preferably 0.5 g · cm ⁻³ or more, more preferably 0.7 g · cm ⁻³ or more, and 1 g · cm ⁻³ or more. Particularly preferable, 2 g · cm ⁻³ or less is preferable, 1.8 g · cm ⁻³ or less is more preferable, and 1.6 g · cm ⁻³ or less is particularly preferable. When the tap density is below the above range, the packing density is difficult to increase when used as a negative electrode, and a high-capacity battery may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the above range is exceeded, there are too few voids between the particles in the electrode, it is difficult to ensure conductivity between the particles, and it may be difficult to obtain preferable battery characteristics.

The tap density is measured by passing through a sieve having an opening of 300 μm, dropping the sample onto a 20 cm ³ tapping cell and filling the sample to the upper end surface of the cell, and then measuring a powder density measuring device (for example, manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.). Using a tap denser, tapping with a stroke length of 10 mm is performed 1000 times, and the tap density is calculated from the volume at that time and the mass of the sample.

(Orientation ratio)
The orientation ratio of the carbonaceous material is usually 0.005 or more, preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.015 or more, and usually 0.67 or less. When the orientation ratio is below the above range, the high-density charge / discharge characteristics may deteriorate. The upper limit of the above range is the theoretical upper limit value of the orientation ratio of the carbonaceous material.
The orientation ratio is measured by X-ray diffraction after pressure-molding the sample. Set the molded body obtained by filling 0.47 g of the sample into a molding machine with a diameter of 17 mm and compressing it with 58.8MN · m ^{-2 so} that it is flush with the surface of the sample holder for measurement. X-ray diffraction is measured. From the (110) diffraction and (004) diffraction peak intensities of the obtained carbon, a ratio represented by (110) diffraction peak intensity / (004) diffraction peak intensity is calculated.

The X-ray diffraction measurement conditions are as follows. “2θ” indicates a diffraction angle.
・ Target: Cu (Kα ray) graphite monochromator ・ Slit:
Divergence slit = 0.5 degree Light receiving slit = 0.15 mm
Scattering slit = 0.5 degree / measurement range and step angle / measurement time:
(110) plane: 75 degrees ≦ 2θ ≦ 80 degrees 1 degree / 60 seconds (004) plane: 52 degrees ≦ 2θ ≦ 57 degrees 1 degree / 60 seconds

(Aspect ratio (powder))
The aspect ratio of the carbonaceous material is usually 1 or more and usually 10 or less, preferably 8 or less, and more preferably 5 or less. If the aspect ratio exceeds the above range, streaking or a uniform coated surface cannot be obtained when forming an electrode plate, and the high current density charge / discharge characteristics may deteriorate. The lower limit of the above range is the theoretical lower limit value of the aspect ratio of the carbonaceous material.

  The aspect ratio is measured by magnifying and observing the carbonaceous material particles with a scanning electron microscope. Carbonaceous material particles when three-dimensional observation is performed by selecting arbitrary 50 graphite particles fixed to the end face of a metal having a thickness of 50 μm or less and rotating and tilting the stage on which the sample is fixed. The longest diameter A and the shortest diameter B orthogonal thereto are measured, and the average value of A / B is obtained.

(Coverage)
The negative electrode active material of the present invention may be coated with a carbonaceous material or a graphite material. Among these, it is preferable that it is coated with an amorphous carbonaceous material from the viewpoint of lithium ion acceptability, and this coverage is usually 0.5% to 30%, preferably 1% to 25%, more preferably. Is 2% or more and 20% or less. If this content is too high, the amorphous carbon portion of the negative electrode active material increases, and the reversible capacity when the battery is assembled tends to be small. If the content is too small, the amorphous carbon sites are not uniformly coated on the graphite particles serving as nuclei, and strong granulation is not performed, and when pulverized after firing, the particle size tends to be too small.
In addition, the content (coverage) of the carbide derived from the organic compound of the negative electrode active material finally obtained is the amount of the negative electrode active material, the amount of the organic compound, and the residual measured by a micro method in accordance with JIS K 2270. It can be calculated by the following formula based on the charcoal rate.
Formula: coverage of organic compound-derived carbide (%) = (mass of organic compound × remaining carbon ratio × 100) / {mass of negative electrode active material + (mass of organic compound × remaining carbon ratio)}

(Internal porosity)
The internal porosity of the negative electrode active material is usually 1% or more, preferably 3% or more, more preferably 5% or more, and further preferably 7% or more. Further, it is usually less than 50%, preferably 40% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and still more preferably 20% or less. If this internal porosity is too small, the amount of liquid in the particles tends to be small, and charge / discharge characteristics tend to deteriorate. If the internal porosity is too large, there is little inter-particle gap when used as an electrode, and electrolyte diffusion Tend to be insufficient. In addition, the voids are filled with substances that buffer the expansion and contraction of metal particles that can be alloyed with Li, such as amorphous carbon, graphite, and resin. It may be.

<Metal particles that can be alloyed with Li>
As a method for confirming that the metal particles are metal particles that can be alloyed with Li, identification of the metal particle phase by X-ray diffraction, observation of the particle structure by electron microscope and elemental analysis, element by fluorescent X-rays Analysis and the like.
As the metal particles that can be alloyed with Li, any conventionally known metal particles can be used. From the viewpoint of capacity and cycle life, the metal particles are, for example, Fe, Co, Sb, Bi, Pb, Ni, Ag. It is preferably a metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Zr, Cr, P, S, V, Mn, Nb, Mo, Cu, Zn, Ge, In, Ti, or a compound thereof. Further, an alloy composed of two or more kinds of metals may be used, and the metal particles may be alloy particles formed of two or more kinds of metal elements. Among these, a metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, As, Sb, Al, Zn, and W or a metal compound thereof is preferable.
Examples of the metal compound include a metal oxide, a metal nitride, and a metal carbide. Moreover, you may use the alloy which consists of 2 or more types of metals.

Among metal particles that can be alloyed with Li, Si or Si metal compounds are preferable. The Si metal compound is preferably a Si metal oxide. Si or Si metal compound is preferable in terms of increasing the capacity. In the present specification, Si or Si metal compounds are collectively referred to as Si compounds. Specific examples of the Si compound include SiO _x , SiN _x , SiC _x , and SiZ _x O _y (Z═C, N). The Si compound is preferably a Si metal oxide, and the Si metal oxide is SiO _x in a general formula. The general formula SiO _x is obtained using Si dioxide (SiO ₂ ) and metal Si (Si) as raw materials, and the value of x is usually 0 ≦ x <2. SiO _x has a larger theoretical capacity than graphite, and amorphous Si or nano-sized Si crystals easily allow alkali ions such as lithium ions to enter and exit, so that a high capacity can be obtained.
The Si metal oxide is specifically represented as SiO _x , where x is 0 ≦ x <2, more preferably 0.2 or more and 1.8 or less, and still more preferably 0. .4 or more and 1.6 or less, particularly preferably 0.6 or more and 1,4 or less, and X = 0 is particularly preferable. If it is this range, it becomes high capacity | capacitance and it becomes possible to reduce the irreversible capacity | capacitance by the coupling | bonding of Li and oxygen.

-Average particle diameter of metal particles that can be alloyed with Li (d50)
The average particle diameter (d50) of the metal particles that can be alloyed with Li is usually 0.01 μm or more, preferably 0.05 μm or more, more preferably 0.1 μm or more, and further preferably 0.3 μm, from the viewpoint of cycle life. These are usually 10 μm or less, preferably 9 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less. When the average particle diameter (d50) is within the above range, volume expansion associated with charge / discharge is reduced, and good cycle characteristics can be obtained while maintaining charge / discharge capacity.
The average particle diameter (d50) is determined by a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring method or the like.

BET specific surface area of metal particles that can be alloyed with Li The specific surface area is usually 0.5 to 60 m ² / g, preferably ^{1 to} 40 m ² / g by the BET method of metal particles that can be alloyed with Li. . It is preferable that the specific surface area by the BET method of the metal particles that can be alloyed with Li is in the above-mentioned range since the charge / discharge efficiency and discharge capacity of the battery are high, lithium can be taken in and out quickly, and the rate characteristics are excellent.

The amount of oxygen contained in metal particles that can be alloyed with Li The amount of oxygen contained in metal particles that can be alloyed with Li is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 to 8% by mass, 0.05 to 5% by mass. Preferably there is. The oxygen distribution state in the particle may exist near the surface, may exist inside the particle, or may exist uniformly within the particle, but is preferably present near the surface. It is preferable that the amount of oxygen contained in the metal particles that can be alloyed with Li is in the above-mentioned range because volume expansion associated with charge / discharge is suppressed due to strong bonding between Si and O, and cycle characteristics are excellent.

<Negative Electrode Active Material Containing Lithium Alloyable Metal Particles and Graphite Particles>
In the present invention, the negative electrode active material containing Li and alloyable metal particles and graphite particles may be a mixture in which Li and alloyable metal particles and graphite particles are mixed in the form of independent particles. Further, it may be a composite in which metal particles that can be alloyed with Li are present on the surface or inside of the graphite particles. In the present specification, the composite (also referred to as composite particle) is not particularly limited as long as it is a particle containing metal particles and carbonaceous materials that can be alloyed with Li, but preferably Li and an alloy. Metal particles and carbonaceous materials that can be converted into particles are integrated by physical and / or chemical bonds. As a more preferable form, the solid particles are dispersed and present in the particles so that the metal particles and carbonaceous materials that can be alloyed with Li are present at least on the composite particle surface and in the bulk. In order to integrate them by physical and / or chemical bonding, the carbonaceous material is present. More specifically, a preferable form is a composite material composed of at least metal particles capable of being alloyed with Li and graphite particles, and the graphite particles, preferably, natural graphite has a folded structure with a curved structure. Further, the negative electrode active material is characterized in that metal particles that can be alloyed with Li are present in the gaps in the folded structure having the curved surface. Further, the gap may be a gap, or a substance that buffers expansion and contraction of metal particles that can be alloyed with Li, such as amorphous carbon, graphite, and resin, is present in the gap. Also good.

-Content ratio of metal particles that can be alloyed with Li The content ratio of metal particles that can be alloyed with Li with respect to the sum of metal particles that can be alloyed with Li and graphite particles is usually 0.1 mass% or more, preferably 1 More preferably, it is 2 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 3 mass% or more, Most preferably, it is 5 mass% or more. Also, it is usually 99% by mass or less, preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, still more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably 25% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less, particularly Preferably it is 15% or less, Most preferably, it is 10 mass% or less. This range is preferable in that a sufficient capacity can be obtained.

  The alloy-based material negative electrode can be produced using any known method. Specifically, as a manufacturing method of the negative electrode, for example, a method in which a negative electrode active material added with a binder or a conductive material is roll-formed as it is to form a sheet electrode, or a compression-molded pellet electrode and The above negative electrode is usually applied to a negative electrode current collector (hereinafter also referred to as “negative electrode current collector”) by a method such as a coating method, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or a plating method. A method of forming a thin film layer (negative electrode active material layer) containing an active material is used. In this case, by adding a binder, a thickener, a conductive material, a solvent, etc. to the above-mentioned negative electrode active material to form a slurry, applying this to the negative electrode current collector, drying, and pressing to increase the density A negative electrode active material layer is formed on the negative electrode current collector.

Examples of the material of the negative electrode current collector include steel, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, and stainless steel. Of these, copper foil is preferred from the viewpoint of easy processing into a thin film and cost.
The thickness of the negative electrode current collector is usually 1 μm or more, preferably 5 μm or more, and is usually 100 μm or less, preferably 50 μm or less. If the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is too thick, the capacity of the entire battery may be too low, and conversely if it is too thin, handling may be difficult.

  In addition, in order to improve the binding effect with the negative electrode active material layer formed on the surface, the surface of these negative electrode current collectors is preferably subjected to a roughening treatment in advance. Surface roughening methods include blasting, rolling with a rough surface roll, abrasive cloth paper with abrasive particles fixed, grinding wheel, emery buff, machine that polishes the current collector surface with a wire brush equipped with steel wire, etc. Examples thereof include a mechanical polishing method, an electrolytic polishing method, and a chemical polishing method.

  Further, in order to reduce the mass of the negative electrode current collector and improve the energy density per mass of the battery, a perforated negative electrode current collector such as an expanded metal or a punching metal can be used. This type of negative electrode current collector can be freely changed in mass by changing its aperture ratio. Further, when a negative electrode active material layer is formed on both surfaces of this type of negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active material layer is further less likely to peel due to the rivet effect through the hole. However, when the aperture ratio becomes too high, the contact area between the negative electrode active material layer and the negative electrode current collector becomes small, and thus the adhesive strength may be lowered.

The slurry for forming the negative electrode active material layer is usually prepared by adding a binder, a thickener and the like to the negative electrode material. In addition, the “negative electrode material” in this specification refers to a material in which a negative electrode active material and a conductive material are combined.
The content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode material is usually 70% by mass or more, particularly 75% by mass or more, and usually 97% by mass or less, particularly preferably 95% by mass or less. When the content of the negative electrode active material is too small, the capacity of the secondary battery using the obtained negative electrode tends to be insufficient. When the content is too large, the content of the conductive agent is relatively insufficient, so that It tends to be difficult to ensure conductivity. When two or more negative electrode active materials are used in combination, the total amount of the negative electrode active materials may be set to satisfy the above range.

  Examples of the conductive material used for the negative electrode include metal materials such as copper and nickel; carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. In particular, it is preferable to use a carbon material as the conductive material because the carbon material acts as an active material. The content of the conductive material in the negative electrode material is usually 3% by mass or more, particularly 5% by mass or more, and usually 30% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 25% by mass or less. When the content of the conductive material is too small, the conductivity tends to be insufficient. When the content is too large, the content of the negative electrode active material and the like is relatively insufficient, and thus the battery capacity and strength tend to decrease. Note that when two or more conductive materials are used in combination, the total amount of the conductive materials may satisfy the above range.

  As the binder used for the negative electrode, any material can be used as long as it is a material safe with respect to the solvent and the electrolytic solution used at the time of producing the electrode. Examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene / butadiene rubber / isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer, and ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. It is preferable that the content of the binder is usually 0.5 parts by mass or more, particularly 1 part by mass or more, and usually 10 parts by mass or less, particularly 8 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode material. When the content of the binder is too small, the strength of the obtained negative electrode tends to be insufficient. When the content is too large, the content of the negative electrode active material and the like is relatively insufficient, and thus the battery capacity and conductivity tend to be insufficient. It becomes. In addition, when using two or more binders together, what is necessary is just to make it the total amount of a binder satisfy | fill the said range.

  Examples of the thickener used for the negative electrode include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, and casein. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. The thickener may be used as necessary, but when used, the thickener content in the negative electrode active material layer is usually in the range of 0.5% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less. Is preferred.

  The slurry for forming the negative electrode active material layer is prepared by mixing a conductive agent, a binder, and a thickener as necessary with the negative electrode active material, and using an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent as a dispersion medium. The As the aqueous solvent, water is usually used, and an organic solvent such as alcohols such as ethanol and cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone is used in combination within a range of 30% by mass or less with respect to water. You can also. As the organic solvent, usually, cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone, linear amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide, and aromatic carbonization such as anisole, toluene and xylene Examples thereof include alcohols such as hydrogens, butanol and cyclohexanol, among which cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone, linear amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide are preferable. . Any one of these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in any combination and ratio.

  The obtained slurry is applied onto the above-described negative electrode current collector, dried, and then pressed to form a negative electrode active material layer. The method of application is not particularly limited, and a method known per se can be used. The drying method is not particularly limited, and a known method such as natural drying, heat drying, or reduced pressure drying can be used.

<Configuration and production method of negative electrode>
Any known method can be used for producing the electrode as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. For example, it is formed by adding a binder, a solvent, and, if necessary, a thickener, a conductive material, a filler, etc. to a negative electrode active material to form a slurry, which is applied to a current collector, dried and then pressed. Can do.
In the case of using an alloy-based material, a method of forming a thin film layer (negative electrode active material layer) containing the above-described negative electrode active material by a technique such as vapor deposition, sputtering, or plating is also used.

(Electrode density)
The electrode structure when the negative electrode active material is made into an electrode is not particularly limited, but the density of the negative electrode active material present on the current collector is preferably 1 g · cm ⁻³ or more, and 1.2 g · cm ⁻³ or more. but more preferably, particularly preferably 1.3 g · ^{cm -3} or more, preferably 2.2 g · ^{cm -3} or less, more preferably 2.1 g · ^{cm -3} or less, 2.0 g · ^{cm -3} or less Further preferred is 1.9 g · cm ⁻³ or less. When the density of the negative electrode active material existing on the current collector exceeds the above range, the negative electrode active material particles are destroyed, and the initial irreversible capacity increases or non-aqueous system near the current collector / negative electrode active material interface. There is a case where high current density charge / discharge characteristics are deteriorated due to a decrease in permeability of the electrolytic solution. On the other hand, if the amount is less than the above range, the conductivity between the negative electrode active materials decreases, the battery resistance increases, and the capacity per unit volume may decrease.

2-2. Positive electrode <Positive electrode active material>
The positive electrode active material (lithium transition metal compound) used for the positive electrode is described below.
<Lithium transition metal compound>
A lithium transition metal compound is a compound having a structure capable of desorbing and inserting Li ions, and examples thereof include sulfides, phosphate compounds, and lithium transition metal composite oxides. Examples of sulfides include compounds having a two-dimensional layered structure such as TiS ₂ and MoS ₂ , and solid compounds represented by the general formula Me _x Mo ₆ S ₈ (Me is various transition metals including Pb, Ag, and Cu). Examples thereof include a chevrel compound having a three-dimensional skeleton structure. Examples of the phosphate compound include those belonging to the olivine structure, and are generally represented by LiMePO ₄ (Me is at least one or more transition metals), specifically LiFePO ₄ , LiCoPO ₄ , LiNiPO ₄ , LiMnPO _4, and the like. Examples of the lithium transition metal composite oxide include spinel structures capable of three-dimensional diffusion and those belonging to a layered structure capable of two-dimensional diffusion of lithium ions. Those having a spinel structure are generally expressed as LiMe ₂ O ₄ (Me is at least one transition metal), specifically, LiMn ₂ O ₄ , LiCoMnO ₄ , LiNi _0.5 Mn _1.5 O. ₄ , LiCoVO _{4 and the} like. Those having a layered structure are generally expressed as LiMeO ₂ (Me is at least one transition metal). LiCoO _{2 Specifically, LiNiO 2, LiNi 1-x} Co x O 2, LiNi 1-x-y Co x Mn y O 2, LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2, Li 1.2 Cr 0. _{4 Mn 0.4 O 2, Li 1.2} Cr 0.4 Ti 0.4 O 2, LiMnO 2 , and the like.

<composition>
The lithium-containing transition metal compound is, for example, a lithium transition metal compound represented by the following composition formula (F) or (G).
1) In the case of a lithium transition metal compound represented by the following composition formula (F)
Li _{1 + x} MO ₂ (F)
However, x is usually 0 or more and 0.5 or less. M is an element composed of Ni and Mn or Ni, Mn and Co, and the Mn / Ni molar ratio is usually 0.1 or more and 5 or less. The Ni / M molar ratio is usually 0 or more and 0.5 or less. The Co / M molar ratio is usually 0 or more and 0.5 or less. In addition, the rich portion of Li represented by x may be replaced with the transition metal site M.

  In the composition formula (F), the atomic ratio of the oxygen amount is described as 2 for convenience, but there may be some non-stoichiometry. Moreover, x in the said compositional formula is the preparation composition in the manufacture stage of a lithium transition metal type compound. Usually, batteries on the market are aged after the batteries are assembled. For this reason, the Li amount of the positive electrode may be deficient with charge / discharge. In this case, x may be measured to be −0.65 or more and 1 or less when discharged to 3 V in composition analysis.

A lithium transition metal-based compound is excellent in battery characteristics when fired at a high temperature in an oxygen-containing gas atmosphere in order to enhance the crystallinity of the positive electrode active material.
Furthermore, the lithium transition metal-based compound represented by the composition formula (F) may be a solid solution with Li ₂ MO ₃ called a 213 layer, as shown in the general formula (F ′) below.
αLi ₂ MO ₃ · (1-α) LiM′O ₂ (F ′)
In the general formula, α is a number satisfying 0 <α <1.

M is at least one metal element having an average oxidation number of 4+, specifically, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Zr, Ti, Ru, Re, and Pt. .
M ′ is at least one metal element having an average oxidation number of 3+, preferably at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of V, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, and more preferably Is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co and Ni.

2) A lithium transition metal compound represented by the following general formula (B).
_{Li [Li a M b Mn 2} -b-a] O 4 + δ ··· (G)
However, M is an element comprised from at least 1 sort (s) of the transition metals chosen from Ni, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zr, Al, and Mg.
The value of b is usually 0.4 or more and 0.6 or less.
When the value of b is within this range, the energy density per unit weight in the lithium transition metal compound is high.

  The value of a is usually 0 or more and 0.3 or less. Moreover, a in the above composition formula is a charged composition in the production stage of the lithium transition metal compound. Usually, batteries on the market are aged after the batteries are assembled. For this reason, the Li amount of the positive electrode may be deficient with charge / discharge. In this case, a may be measured to be −0.65 or more and 1 or less when discharged to 3 V in composition analysis.

When the value of a is within this range, the energy density per unit weight in the lithium transition metal compound is not significantly impaired, and good load characteristics can be obtained.
Furthermore, the value of δ is usually in the range of ± 0.5.
If the value of δ is within this range, the stability as a crystal structure is high, and the cycle characteristics and high-temperature storage of a battery having an electrode produced using this lithium transition metal compound are good.

Here, the chemical meaning of the lithium composition in the lithium nickel manganese composite oxide, which is the composition of the lithium transition metal compound, will be described in more detail below.
In order to obtain a and b in the composition formula of the lithium transition metal compound, each transition metal and lithium are analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) to obtain a ratio of Li / Ni / Mn. It is calculated by the thing.

From a structural point of view, it is considered that lithium related to a is substituted for the same transition metal site. Here, due to the lithium according to a, the average valence of M and manganese becomes larger than 3.5 due to the principle of charge neutrality.
Further, the lithium transition metal based compound may be substituted with fluorine, it is expressed as _{LiMn 2 O 4-x F 2x} .

<blend>
Specific examples of the lithium transition metal compound having the above composition include, for example, Li _{1 + x} Ni _0.5 Mn _0.5 O ₂ , Li _{1 + x} Ni _0.85 Co _0.10 Al _0.05 O ₂ , Li _{1 + x} Ni _0.33 Mn _0.33 Co _0.33 O ₂ , Li _{1 + x} Ni _0.45 Mn _0.45 Co _0.1 O ₂ , Li _{1 + x} Mn _1.8 Al _0.2 O ₄ , Li _{1 + x} Mn _1.5 Ni _0.5 O ₄ and the like. These lithium transition metal compounds may be used alone or in a blend of two or more.

<Introduction of foreign elements>
Moreover, a different element may be introduce | transduced into a lithium transition metal type compound. As the different elements, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sb, Te , Ba, Ta, Mo, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Bi , N, F, S, Cl, Br, I, As, Ge, P, Pb, Sb, Si, and Sn. These foreign elements may be incorporated into the crystal structure of the lithium transition metal compound, or may not be incorporated into the crystal structure of the lithium transition metal compound, and may be a single element or compound on the particle surface or grain boundary. May be unevenly distributed.

[Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery]
The positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery is formed by forming a positive electrode active material layer containing the above-described lithium transition metal compound powder for a lithium secondary battery positive electrode material and a binder on a current collector.
The positive electrode active material layer is usually formed by mixing a positive electrode material, a binder, and a conductive material and a thickener, which are used if necessary, in a dry form into a sheet shape, and then pressing the positive electrode current collector on the positive electrode current collector. Alternatively, these materials are dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium to form a slurry, which is applied to the positive electrode current collector and dried.

  As the material for the positive electrode current collector, metal materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, nickel plating, titanium, and tantalum, and carbon materials such as carbon cloth and carbon paper are usually used. As for the shape, in the case of a metal material, a metal foil, a metal cylinder, a metal coil, a metal plate, a metal thin film, an expanded metal, a punch metal, a foam metal, etc., and in the case of a carbon material, a carbon plate, a carbon thin film, a carbon cylinder Etc. In addition, you may form a thin film suitably in mesh shape.

When a thin film is used as the positive electrode current collector, its thickness is arbitrary, but a range of usually 1 μm or more and 100 mm or less is suitable. If it is thinner than the above range, the strength required for the current collector may be insufficient. On the other hand, if it is thicker than the above range, the handleability may be impaired.
The binder used in the production of the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, and in the case of a coating method, any material that is stable with respect to the liquid medium used during electrode production may be used. Specific examples include polyethylene, Resin polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, aromatic polyamide, cellulose, nitrocellulose, SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), NBR (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber), fluorine rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene・ Rubber polymers such as propylene rubber, styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymers and hydrogenated products thereof, EPDM (ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymers), styrene / ethylene / butadiene / ethylene copolymers, Styrene / isoprene styrene bromide Copolymer and its hydrogenated thermoplastic elastomeric polymer, syndiotactic-1,2-polybutadiene, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, propylene / α-olefin copolymer, etc. Fluorine polymers such as soft resinous polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymers, ion conductivity of alkali metal ions (especially lithium ions) And a polymer composition having the same. In addition, these substances may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.

The ratio of the binder in the positive electrode active material layer is usually 0.1% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less. If the proportion of the binder is too low, the positive electrode active material cannot be sufficiently retained and the positive electrode has insufficient mechanical strength, which may deteriorate battery performance such as cycle characteristics. Battery capacity and conductivity may be reduced.
The positive electrode active material layer usually contains a conductive material in order to increase conductivity. There are no particular restrictions on the type, but specific examples include metal materials such as copper and nickel, graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, carbon black such as acetylene black, and amorphous carbon such as needle coke. The carbon material etc. of this can be mentioned. In addition, these substances may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios. The proportion of the conductive material in the positive electrode active material layer is usually 0.01% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. If the proportion of the conductive material is too low, the conductivity may be insufficient, and conversely if it is too high, the battery capacity may be reduced.

  As a liquid medium for forming a slurry, it is possible to dissolve or disperse a lithium transition metal compound powder as a positive electrode material, a binder, and a conductive material and a thickener used as necessary. If it is a solvent, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the kind, You may use either an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent. Examples of the aqueous solvent include water, alcohol and the like, and examples of the organic solvent include N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, N , N-dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, acetone, dimethyl ether, dimethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphalamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, xylene, quinoline, pyridine, methylnaphthalene, hexane, etc. be able to. In particular, when an aqueous solvent is used, a dispersant is added together with the thickener, and a slurry such as SBR is slurried. In addition, these solvents may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.

The content ratio of the lithium transition metal-based compound powder as the positive electrode material in the positive electrode active material layer is usually 10% by mass or more and 99.9% by mass or less. If the proportion of the lithium transition metal compound powder in the positive electrode active material layer is too large, the strength of the positive electrode tends to be insufficient, and if it is too small, the capacity may be insufficient.
The thickness of the positive electrode active material layer is usually about 10 to 200 μm.

The electrode density after pressing the positive electrode is usually 2.2 g / cm ³ or more and 4.2 g / cm ³ or less.
The positive electrode active material layer obtained by coating and drying is preferably consolidated by a roller press or the like in order to increase the packing density of the positive electrode active material.
Thus, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery can be prepared.

2-3. Separator Normally, a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to prevent a short circuit. In this case, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is usually used by impregnating the separator.
The material and shape of the separator are not particularly limited, and known ones can be arbitrarily adopted as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. Among them, a resin, glass fiber, inorganic material, etc. formed of a material that is stable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is used, and a porous sheet or a nonwoven fabric-like material having excellent liquid retention properties is used. Is preferred.

  As materials for the resin and glass fiber separator, for example, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, aromatic polyamides, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone, glass filters and the like can be used. Of these, glass filters and polyolefins are preferred, and polyolefins are more preferred. These materials may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.

  The thickness of the separator is arbitrary, but is usually 1 μm or more, preferably 5 μm or more, more preferably 10 μm or more, and usually 50 μm or less, preferably 40 μm or less, more preferably 30 μm or less. If the separator is too thin than the above range, the insulating properties and mechanical strength may decrease. On the other hand, if it is thicker than the above range, not only the battery performance such as the rate characteristic may be lowered, but also the energy density of the whole non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may be lowered.

  Furthermore, when using a porous material such as a porous sheet or nonwoven fabric as the separator, the porosity of the separator is arbitrary, but is usually 20% or more, preferably 35% or more, more preferably 45% or more, Further, it is usually 90% or less, preferably 85% or less, and more preferably 75% or less. If the porosity is too smaller than the above range, the membrane resistance tends to increase and the rate characteristics tend to deteriorate. Moreover, when larger than the said range, it exists in the tendency for the mechanical strength of a separator to fall and for insulation to fall.

Moreover, although the average pore diameter of a separator is also arbitrary, it is 0.5 micrometer or less normally, 0.2 micrometer or less is preferable, and it is 0.05 micrometer or more normally. If the average pore diameter exceeds the above range, a short circuit tends to occur. On the other hand, below the above range, the film resistance may increase and the rate characteristics may deteriorate.
On the other hand, as inorganic materials, for example, oxides such as alumina and silicon dioxide, nitrides such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride, and sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate are used. Used.

  As the form, a thin film shape such as a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, or a microporous film is used. In the thin film shape, those having a pore diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm and a thickness of 5 to 50 μm are preferably used. In addition to the above-described independent thin film shape, a separator formed by forming a composite porous layer containing the inorganic particles on the surface layer of the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode using a resin binder can be used. For example, a porous layer may be formed by using alumina particles having a 90% particle size of less than 1 μm on both surfaces of the positive electrode and using a fluororesin as a binder.

  The characteristics of the separator in the non-electrolyte secondary battery can be grasped by the Gurley value. The Gurley value indicates the difficulty of air passage in the film thickness direction, and is expressed as the number of seconds required for 100 ml of air to pass through the film. It means that it is harder to go through. That is, a smaller value means better communication in the thickness direction of the film, and a larger value means lower communication in the thickness direction of the film. Communication is the degree of connection of holes in the film thickness direction. If the Gurley value of the separator of the present invention is low, it can be used for various purposes. For example, when used as a separator for a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, a low Gurley value means that lithium ions can be easily transferred and is preferable because of excellent battery performance. Although the Gurley value of a separator is arbitrary, Preferably it is 10-1000 second / 100ml, More preferably, it is 15-800 second / 100ml, More preferably, it is 20-500 second / 100ml. If the Gurley value is 1000 seconds / 100 ml or less, the electrical resistance is substantially low, which is preferable as a separator.

2-4. Battery design <Electrode group>
The electrode group has a laminated structure in which the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are interposed through the separator, and a structure in which the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are wound in a spiral shape through the separator. Either is acceptable. The ratio of the volume of the electrode group to the internal volume of the battery (hereinafter referred to as the electrode group occupation ratio) is usually 40% or more, preferably 50% or more, and usually 90% or less, preferably 80% or less. .

  When the electrode group occupancy is below the above range, the battery capacity decreases. Also, if the above range is exceeded, the void space is small, the battery expands, and the member expands or the vapor pressure of the electrolyte liquid component increases and the internal pressure rises. In some cases, the gas release valve that lowers various characteristics such as storage at high temperature and the like, or releases the internal pressure to the outside is activated.

<Exterior case>
The material of the outer case is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that is stable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte used. Specifically, a nickel-plated steel plate, stainless steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, a metal such as a magnesium alloy, or a laminated film (laminate film) of a resin and an aluminum foil is used. From the viewpoint of weight reduction, an aluminum or aluminum alloy metal or a laminate film is preferably used.

  In an exterior case using metals, the metal is welded to each other by laser welding, resistance welding, or ultrasonic welding to form a sealed sealed structure, or a caulking structure using the above metals via a resin gasket. Things. Examples of the outer case using the laminate film include a case where a resin-sealed structure is formed by heat-sealing resin layers. In order to improve sealing performance, a resin different from the resin used for the laminate film may be interposed between the resin layers. In particular, when a resin layer is heat-sealed through a current collecting terminal to form a sealed structure, a metal and a resin are joined, so that a resin having a polar group or a modified group having a polar group introduced as an intervening resin is used. Resins are preferably used.

<Protective element>
Protection elements such as PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient), thermal fuse, thermistor, which increases resistance when abnormal heat is generated or excessive current flows, shuts off current flowing through the circuit due to sudden increase in battery internal pressure or internal temperature during abnormal heat generation A valve (current cutoff valve) or the like can be used. It is preferable to select a protective element that does not operate under normal use at a high current, and it is more preferable that the protective element is designed so as not to cause abnormal heat generation or thermal runaway even without the protective element.

(Exterior body)
The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is usually configured by housing the non-aqueous electrolyte, the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the separator, and the like in an exterior body (exterior case). There is no restriction | limiting in this exterior body, As long as the effect of this invention is not impaired remarkably, a well-known thing can be employ | adopted arbitrarily.
The material of the outer case is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that is stable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte used. Specifically, a nickel-plated steel plate, stainless steel, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy, nickel, titanium, or a metal, or a laminated film (laminate film) of a resin and an aluminum foil is used. From the viewpoint of weight reduction, an aluminum or aluminum alloy metal or a laminate film is preferably used.

  In the outer case using the above metals, the metal is welded to each other by laser welding, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, or a sealed sealing structure, or a caulking structure using the above metals through a resin gasket To do. Examples of the outer case using the laminate film include a case where a resin-sealed structure is formed by heat-sealing resin layers. In order to improve sealing performance, a resin different from the resin used for the laminate film may be interposed between the resin layers. In particular, when a resin layer is heat-sealed through a current collecting terminal to form a sealed structure, a metal and a resin are joined, so that a resin having a polar group or a modified group having a polar group introduced as an intervening resin is used. Resins are preferably used.

  The shape of the outer case is also arbitrary, and may be any of a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a laminate shape, a coin shape, a large size, and the like.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Abbreviations of the compounds used in this example are shown below.

<Examples 1-1 to 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-4>
[Preparation of non-aqueous electrolyte]
Under a dry argon atmosphere, 1.2 mol / L (non-aqueous electrolysis) of LiPF ₆ sufficiently dried in a mixture (volume / volume ratio 3: 4: 3) with ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate (DEC). Further, vinylene carbonate (VC) and monofluoroethylene carbonate (MFEC) were added in an amount of 2.0% by mass, respectively (referred to as reference electrolyte solution 1). A compound was added to the entire reference electrolyte solution 1 at a ratio shown in Table 1 below to prepare an electrolyte solution. However, Comparative Example 1-1 is the reference electrolyte 1 itself.

[Production of positive electrode]
97% by mass of lithium cobaltate (LiCoO ₂ ) as a positive electrode active material, 1.5% by mass of acetylene black as a conductive material, and 1.5% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder, N-methylpyrrolidone In a solvent, the mixture was slurried by mixing with a disperser. This was uniformly applied to both sides of a 21 μm thick aluminum foil, dried, and then pressed to obtain a positive electrode.

[Production of negative electrode]
Natural graphite powder as a negative electrode active material, thickener, and aqueous dispersion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (concentration of 1% by weight of carboxymethylcellulose sodium) and aqueous dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber (of styrene-butadiene rubber) The mixture was mixed with a disperser to form a slurry. This slurry was uniformly applied to one side of a 12 μm thick copper foil, dried, and then pressed to obtain a negative electrode. In addition, in the negative electrode after drying, it produced so that it might become the mass ratio of natural graphite: carboxymethylcellulose sodium: styrene-butadiene rubber = 98: 1: 1.

[Manufacture of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries (laminate type)]
The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the polyolefin separator were laminated in the order of the negative electrode, the separator, the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode. The battery element thus obtained was wrapped in an aluminum laminate film, injected with an electrolyte solution described later, and then vacuum sealed to produce a sheet-like non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.

<Evaluation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
[Initial conditioning]
In a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C., the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the laminate type cell was charged with a constant current for 6 hours at a current corresponding to 0.05 C, and then discharged to 3.0 V at 0.2 C. CC-CV charge was performed up to 4.1V at 0.2C. Thereafter, aging was performed at 45 ° C. for 72 hours. Then, it discharged to 3.0V at 0.2C, and stabilized the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Furthermore, after performing CC-CV charge to 4.35V at 0.2C, it discharged to 3.0V at 0.2C, and performed the initial conditioning.

<Evaluation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
[Evaluation of discharge storage characteristics]
The non-aqueous electrolyte battery after the initial capacity evaluation was CCCV charged (0.05 C cut) up to 3.0 V at 0.2 C at 25 ° C. Thereafter, high temperature storage was performed under conditions of 60 ° C. and 168 hours. The voltage before and after storage was measured, and the difference was defined as “discharge storage voltage change (mV)”.

[Charge storage test]
The cell after the initial capacity evaluation was again charged with CC-CV up to 4.35 V at 0.2 C, and then stored at a high temperature at 85 ° C. for 24 hours. After sufficiently cooling the battery, the volume was measured by immersion in an ethanol bath, and the amount of generated gas was determined from the volume change before and after the storage test.
Table 1 below shows the charge storage gas amount normalized by the discharge storage voltage change and the value of Comparative Example 1-1.

  As is clear from Table 1, (I) a compound represented by the general formula (A), (II) a compound represented by the general formulas (B) to (D) and a compound having at least three cyano groups. Batteries using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing only one of the compound (I) or the compound (II) among at least one compound selected from the group (Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-4) ) Shows that it is difficult to achieve both the storage voltage drop and the storage gas suppression. On the other hand, it is shown that the combined use of the compound (I) of the present invention and the compound (II) achieves both a discharge storage voltage drop and a charge storage gas suppression. In particular, in the charge storage gas, since the gas is suppressed more than when it is added alone, a synergistic effect by the combined use is shown.

<Example 2-1 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3>
[Preparation of non-aqueous electrolyte]
Under a dry argon atmosphere, 1.2 mol of LiPF ₆ sufficiently dried in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (volume / volume ratio 3: 4: 3) / L (as a concentration in the non-aqueous electrolyte), and further, 2.0% by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) and monofluoroethylene carbonate (MFEC) were added (this is referred to as reference electrolyte 1). ). A compound was added to the entire reference electrolyte solution 1 at a ratio shown in Table 2 below to prepare an electrolyte solution. However, Comparative Example 2-1 is the reference electrolyte 1 itself.

[Production of positive electrode]
97% by mass of lithium cobaltate (LiCoO ₂ ) as a positive electrode active material, 1.5% by mass of acetylene black as a conductive material, and 1.5% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder, N-methylpyrrolidone In a solvent, the mixture was slurried by mixing with a disperser. This was uniformly applied to both sides of a 21 μm thick aluminum foil, dried, and then pressed to obtain a positive electrode.

[Production of negative electrode]
Natural graphite powder as a negative electrode active material, thickener, and aqueous dispersion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (concentration of 1% by weight of carboxymethylcellulose sodium) and aqueous dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber (of styrene-butadiene rubber) The mixture was mixed with a disperser to form a slurry. This slurry was uniformly applied to one side of a 12 μm thick copper foil, dried, and then pressed to obtain a negative electrode. In addition, in the negative electrode after drying, it produced so that it might become the mass ratio of natural graphite: carboxymethylcellulose sodium: styrene-butadiene rubber = 98: 1: 1.

[Manufacture of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries (laminate type)]
The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the polyolefin separator were laminated in the order of the negative electrode, the separator, the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode. The battery element thus obtained was wrapped in an aluminum laminate film, injected with an electrolyte solution described later, and then vacuum sealed to produce a sheet-like non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.

<Evaluation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
[Initial conditioning]
In a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C., the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the laminate type cell was charged with a constant current for 6 hours at a current corresponding to 0.05 C, and then discharged to 3.0 V at 0.2 C. CC-CV charge was performed up to 4.1V at 0.2C. Thereafter, aging was performed at 45 ° C. for 72 hours. Then, it discharged to 3.0V at 0.2C, and stabilized the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Furthermore, after performing CC-CV charge to 4.4V at 0.2C, it discharged to 3.0V at 0.2C, and performed the initial conditioning.

<Evaluation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
[Continuous charge test]
The non-aqueous electrolyte battery after performing the initial capacity evaluation was subjected to a continuous charge test by performing CCCV charging (cut for 336 hours) to 4.4 V at 0.2 C at 60 ° C.
Table 2 below shows the charge capacity in the continuous charge test, normalized by the value of Comparative Example 2-1.

  As is clear from Table 2, when the compound represented by (I) the general formula (A) and (II) the compound represented by the general formula (C) are used in combination, each compound is used alone. The charge capacity in the continuous charge test is suppressed more than when it is used. In particular, when the compound represented by the general formula (A) is used alone, the charge capacity increases, and thus a synergistic effect by the combined use is shown.

<Example 3-1 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-3>
[Preparation of non-aqueous electrolyte]
Under a dry argon atmosphere, 1.0 mol of LiPF ₆ sufficiently dried in a mixture (volume-volume ratio 3: 4: 3) with ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). / L (as the concentration in the non-aqueous electrolyte) was dissolved (this is referred to as the reference electrolyte 2). A compound was added to the entire reference electrolyte solution 2 at a ratio shown in Table 3 below to prepare an electrolyte solution. However, Comparative Example 3-1 is the reference electrolyte 2 itself.

[Production of positive electrode]
Using 90 parts by mass of lithium nickel manganese cobaltate (LiNi _1/3 Mn _1/3 Co _1/3 O ₂ ) as a positive electrode active material, 7 parts by mass of carbon black and 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride were mixed, and N-methyl 2-Pyrrolidone was added to form a slurry, which was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 μm so as to be uniformly 11.85 mg · cm ⁻² and dried, and then the density of the positive electrode active material layer was 2.6 g · It pressed so that it might become cm- ^3, and it was set as the positive electrode.

[Production of negative electrode]
To graphite, an aqueous dispersion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (concentration of 1% by mass of sodium carboxymethylcellulose) as a thickener and an aqueous dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber (concentration of styrene-butadiene rubber of 50% by mass) as a binder are added. The slurry was mixed with a disperser. The obtained slurry was applied uniformly to one side of a copper foil having a thickness of 12 μm so as to be 6.0 mg · cm ⁻² and dried, and then the density of the negative electrode active material layer was 1.36 g · cm ⁻³ . It pressed so that it might become a negative electrode. The graphite used has a d50 value of 10.9 μm, a specific surface area of 3.41 m ² / g, and a tap density of 0.985 g / cm ³ . Further, the slurry was prepared so that the mass ratio of graphite: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: styrene-butadiene rubber = 97.5: 1.5: 1 was obtained in the negative electrode after drying.

[Manufacture of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries (laminate type)]
The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator were stacked in the order of the negative electrode, the separator, and the positive electrode. The separator was made of polypropylene, had a thickness of 20 μm, and a porosity of 54%. The battery element thus obtained was wrapped in a cylindrical aluminum laminate film, injected with an electrolyte described later, and then vacuum sealed to produce a sheet-like non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Furthermore, in order to improve the adhesion between the electrodes, the sheet-like battery was sandwiched between glass plates and pressurized.

<Evaluation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
[Initial conditioning]
In a 25 ° C. atmosphere, the sheet-like non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was charged at 0.05 C for 10 hours, rested for 3 hours, and then charged at constant current at 0.2 C to 4.1 V. Further, after a rest of 3 hours, constant current-constant voltage charging was performed at 0.2 C to 4.1 V, and then constant current discharging was performed to 3.0 V at 1/3 C. After that, two charging / discharging cycles were carried out, in which 1 / 3C constant current-constant voltage charging up to 4.1V and subsequent 1 / 3C constant current discharging up to 3.0V were taken as one cycle. Furthermore, after charging at a constant current-constant voltage at 1/3 C to 4.1 V, the battery was stored at 60 ° C. for 12 hours to stabilize the battery. Then, the charge / discharge cycle of 1 / 3C constant current-constant voltage charge up to 4.2V at 25 ° C. and subsequent 1 / 3C constant current discharge up to 3.0V was performed. The last discharge capacity at this time was defined as the initial capacity. In addition, 1C is a current value when discharging the entire capacity of the battery in one hour.

<Evaluation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
[High temperature storage test]
The battery after the initial charge / discharge was adjusted to 4.2 V and stored at 60 ° C. for 4 weeks. 3 cycles of 1 / 3C constant-current-constant-voltage charge up to 4.2V at 25 ° C and 1 / 3C constant-current discharge up to 3.0V following this are stored on the battery after storage. It was. The last discharge capacity at this time was defined as the capacity after high-temperature storage, and the capacity after high-temperature storage relative to the initial capacity was defined as the capacity retention rate (%) after high-temperature storage.
Table 3 below shows the capacity retention rate after high-temperature storage, normalized by the value of Comparative Example 3-1.

  As is apparent from Table 3, when the compound represented by (I) the general formula (A) and (II) the compound represented by the general formula (D) are used in combination, each compound is used alone. The capacity retention rate after the high temperature storage test is improved compared to the case where Therefore, the synergistic effect by combined use is shown.

<Example 4-1 and Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-3>
[Preparation of non-aqueous electrolyte]
LiPF _{6 as} an electrolyte in a mixed solvent (mixing volume ratio EC: EMC: DEC = 3: 4: 3) composed of ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) under a dry argon atmosphere. Was dissolved at a rate of 1.2 mol / L. Then, 5.0% by mass of monofluoroethylene carbonate (MFEC) was blended to obtain a reference electrolyte solution. (This is referred to as reference electrolyte 3). A compound was added to the entire reference electrolyte solution 3 at a ratio shown in Table 4 below to prepare an electrolyte solution. However, Comparative Example 4-1 is the reference electrolyte 3 itself.

[Production of positive electrode]
97% by mass of lithium cobaltate (LiCoO ₂ ) as a positive electrode active material, 1.5% by mass of acetylene black as a conductive material, and 1.5% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder, N-methylpyrrolidone In a solvent, the mixture was slurried by mixing with a disperser. This was uniformly applied on both sides of a 15 μm thick aluminum foil, dried, and then pressed to obtain a positive electrode.

[Production of negative electrode]
Natural graphite powder as negative electrode active material, aqueous dispersion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose as thickener (carboxymethylcellulose sodium concentration 1 mass%), aqueous dispersion of styrene butadiene rubber as binder (concentration of styrene butadiene rubber 50 mass%) ) And mixed with a disperser to form a slurry. This slurry was uniformly applied to one side of a 10 μm thick copper foil, dried, and then pressed to obtain a negative electrode. In addition, in the negative electrode after drying, it produced so that it might become the mass ratio of natural graphite: carboxymethylcellulose sodium: styrene-butadiene rubber = 98: 1: 1.

[Production of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (coin type)]
The positive electrode was housed in a stainless steel can that also serves as a positive electrode conductor, and the negative electrode was placed on a polypropylene separator impregnated with the non-aqueous electrolyte. The can body and a sealing plate serving also as a negative electrode conductor were caulked and sealed through an insulating gasket to produce a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (coin type).

<Evaluation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
[Initial battery characteristics evaluation]
A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (coin type) was charged at a constant current of 25 C at a current corresponding to 0.05 C for 6 hours, and then discharged at a constant current of 0.2 C to 3.0 V. Furthermore, after a constant current-constant voltage charge (also referred to as “CC-CV charge”) (0.05C cut) to 4.1V with a current corresponding to 0.2C, it reaches 3.0V with a constant current of 0.2C. Discharged. Next, after CC-CV charge (0.05 C cut) to 4.4 V at 0.2 C, the battery was discharged again to 3.0 V at 0.2 C to stabilize the initial battery characteristics.
Then, after CCCV charge (0.05C cut) to 4.4V at 0.2C, it discharged to 3V at 0.2C, and this was made into the initial 0.2C capacity | capacitance. Furthermore, after CC-CV charge (0.05C cut) to 4.4V at 0.2C, it discharged to 3.0V at 1C, and this was made into the initial 1C capacity | capacitance. Then, the ratio of the initial 1C capacity to the initial 0.2C capacity was determined and used as the initial rate characteristic (%).
Here, 1C represents a current value for discharging the reference capacity of the battery in one hour, and for example, 0.2C represents a current value of 1/5 thereof.

<Evaluation of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
[High temperature storage characteristics evaluation]
The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (coin type) after the initial capacity evaluation was subjected to CC-CV charge (0.05 C cut) up to 4.4 V at 0.2 C at 25 ° C., and then 85 ° C. High temperature storage was performed under the condition of 4 hours. After sufficiently cooling the battery, the battery was discharged at 25 ° C. to 3 V at 0.2 C, and the ratio of the remaining capacity after the high temperature storage characteristic evaluation with respect to the initial 0.2 C capacity was obtained. did. Furthermore, after CC-CV charge (0.05C cut) to 4.4V at 0.2C, it was discharged again to 3V at 0.2C, and the ratio of the capacity to the initial 0.2C capacity was determined, and this was calculated as the recovery rate ( %).
Using the produced non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (coin type), initial battery characteristic evaluation and high-temperature storage characteristic evaluation were performed.
Table 4 below shows the initial 0.2C capacity, the initial 1.0C / 0.2C rate characteristic, the residual rate, and the recovery rate, which are converted into relative values using the values of Comparative Example 4-1.

From Table 4, when the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of Example 4-1 according to the present invention is used, the compound represented by the general formula (A) and the compound having at least three cyano groups are not added simultaneously (comparison) Compared to Example 4-1), the initial 0.2C capacity and initial rate characteristics are excellent, and the residual rate and recovery rate after the high-temperature storage durability test are also excellent. That is, it is possible to provide a battery having excellent initial battery characteristics and battery characteristics after a high-temperature storage durability test.
When the compound represented by the general formula (A) is used alone (Comparative Example 4-2), the initial 0.2C capacity is improved as compared with Comparative Example 4-1, but the initial rate characteristic is Comparative Example 4. It falls below -1. Furthermore, although the residual rate and the recovery rate are improved as compared with Comparative Example 4-1, the improvement effect is small and inferior to Example 4-1. Therefore, it is clear that the battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention has superior characteristics.
Further, when a compound having at least three cyano groups is used alone (Comparative Example 4-3), the initial 0.2C capacity, the initial rate characteristics, the residual rate, and the recovery rate are lower than those of Comparative Example 6-1. Therefore, it is clear that the battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention has superior characteristics.
From this, it can be confirmed that the battery characteristics are specifically improved by the synergistic effect by simultaneously using the compound represented by the general formula (A) and the compound having at least three cyano groups.

According to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention, the discharge storage characteristics and the high-temperature storage characteristics are improved in a well-balanced manner, and thus can be suitably used in all fields such as electronic devices in which the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is used. Moreover, it can utilize suitably also in electrolytic capacitors, such as a lithium ion capacitor using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
The application of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be used for various known applications. Specific examples of applications include laptop computers, electronic book players, mobile phones, mobile faxes, mobile copy, mobile printers, mobile audio players, small video cameras, LCD TVs, handy cleaners, transceivers, electronic notebooks, calculators, and memories. Cards, portable tape recorders, radios, backup power supplies, automobiles, motorcycles, motorbikes, bicycles, lighting equipment, toys, game machines, watches, electric tools, strobes, cameras, etc.

Claims (12)

A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of inserting and extracting metal ions, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution together with the electrolyte and the non-aqueous solvent is (I) represented by the following general formula (A) And (II) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulas (B) to (D) and a compound having at least three cyano groups. A non-aqueous electrolyte solution.

(In Formula (A), R ^{1 to} R ³ may be the same as or different from each other, and may be an optionally substituted organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that R ^1. at least one of to R ³ is a carbon - carbon unsaturated bond or a cyano group).

(In formula (B), X ^{1 to} X ³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, R ⁴ , OR ⁴ , COR ⁴ , COOR ⁴ , or a carbon atom which may be substituted with a halogen atom. And R ⁴ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.)

(In the formula (C), T represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.)

(In Formula (D), A ^{1 to} A ⁶ may be the same or different from each other, and may have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hetero atom, and a C 1-10 hydrocarbon group. Or a silyl group having 1 to 10 silicon atoms which may have a substituent, and A ^{1 to} A ⁶ may be bonded to each other to form a ring, provided that A ^{1 to} A ⁶ are any Is not an aliphatic substituent having an unsaturated bond.) In the general formula (A), R ^{1 to} R ³ may be the same or different from each other, and may be an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may have a substituent. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution described in 1. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of R ^{1 to} R ^{3 in} the general formula (A) is an organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.   The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is a group selected from the group consisting of an allyl group and a methallyl group. 5. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1, wherein X ^{1 to} X ³ are each independently a hydrogen atom or R ⁴ in the general formula (B).   The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein T is a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 11 carbon atoms in the general formula (C).   The compound represented by the general formula (D) is at least one selected from the group consisting of hexamethyldisilane, hexaethyldisilane, 1,2-diphenyltetramethyldisilane, and 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyldisilane. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is a seed.   (I) the compound represented by the general formula (A), and (II) at least one selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by (B) to (D) and a compound having at least three cyano groups. The non-aqueous electrolysis according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a total addition amount of the seed compounds is 0.01% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. liquid.   The non-aqueous electrolyte contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (III) a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of the above.   A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, a negative electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery characterized by being a nonaqueous electrolyte solution according to any one of the above.   The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 10, wherein the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions has carbon as a constituent element.   The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 10, wherein the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions has silicon (Si) or tin (Sn) as a constituent element.