JP2016037263A - Heavy-duty pneumatic tire - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heavy-duty tire capable of reducing rolling resistance and inhibiting uneven wear.SOLUTION: A heavy-duty tire 2 has a shoulder part 26 and a tread 4 whose external surface in a radial direction composes a tread surface 22, and the tread 4 has a base layer 28 and a cap layer 30. Plural main grooves 24 are formed on the tread surface 22 in a circumferential direction. The loss tangent tan δb of the rubber composing the base layer 28 is made lower than that tan δc of the rubber composing the cap layer 30. The difference (a-b) of the maximum separation distance a between the external surface 38 of the base layer 28 in the radial direction in the shoulder part 26 and the tread surface 22, and the depth b of the main groove 24s positioning at an outermost side in a tire axial direction is -3 mm or more but 3 mm or less. Besides, the complex elastic modulus E*c of the rubber composing the cap layer 30 is 6.3 MPa or more but 7.7 MPa or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a heavy duty pneumatic tire.

  FIG. 3 shows the end of the tread 54 of the heavy duty tire 52 (in the vicinity of the shoulder 72). In FIG. 3, the vertical direction is the radial direction of the tire 52, the horizontal direction is the axial direction of the tire 52, and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the circumferential direction of the tire 52. The tire 52 is a tubeless type.

  The tire 52 includes a tread 54, a sidewall 56, a carcass 58, an inner liner 60, and a belt 62 including four layers. The tread 54 includes a base layer 64 and a cap layer 66 laminated on the outer side in the radial direction of the base layer 64. The outer surface in the radial direction of the cap layer 66 constitutes a tread surface 68 that contacts the road surface. A groove 70 is formed in the tread surface 68. The groove 70 forms a tread pattern. The base layer 64 is made of a crosslinked rubber having excellent adhesiveness. A typical base rubber of the base layer 64 is natural rubber. The cap layer 66 is made of a crosslinked rubber having excellent wear resistance, heat resistance, and grip properties.

  The cap layer 66 enters the inside of the tire radial direction at the shoulder portion 72. That is, the base layer 64 does not reach both ends of the tread 54. This is because the rubber of the base layer 64 only needs to be present around the belt edge in order to reduce the heat generation around the belt edge, which is one of the purposes, and particularly needs to reach both ends of the tread 54. Because there is no.

  The heavy duty tire 52 is frequently used in commercial vehicles including trucks, buses and the like. The wear resistance of the heavy-duty tire loaded with such a large load is regarded as important. Furthermore, low rolling resistance (LRRC) is also regarded as important for heavy duty tires. This was partly due to the start of regulations on rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) in the European market. Further, during braking and driving of the wheel, a large shearing force acts on the first arrival side (the first grounding side) and the second arrival side (the later grounding side) in the rotational direction of the pattern block of the tire 52. In particular, since a large slip occurs between the rear landing side and the road surface, uneven uneven wear (heel and toe wear) is likely to occur. This heel-and-toe wear is likely to occur in the block of the shoulder portion 72 having a relatively large distortion.

  Conventionally, as a measure for improving the wear resistance performance, increasing the tread volume by increasing the groove depth has been a main option. As a measure for reducing rolling resistance, reducing the tread volume by reducing the groove depth is a major option. As measures for suppressing heel and toe wear, the main options are to increase the rigidity of the tread rubber and to increase the rigidity of the cap layer when the tread is composed of a base layer and a cap layer.

  However, the above countermeasures are incompatible with each other. With the above measures, it is difficult to achieve all of improvement in wear resistance performance, reduction in rolling resistance, and suppression of heel and toe wear.

  Japanese Patent No. 3089435 proposes a technique for achieving both improvement in wear resistance and reduction in tread volume. In this method, two kinds of rubber having a glass transition point in a predetermined temperature range are used for the tread rubber. However, with this method, there is a concern about deterioration of RRC.

Japanese Patent No. 3089435

  The present invention has been made in view of the current situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a heavy duty pneumatic tire capable of improving wear resistance performance, reducing rolling resistance, and suppressing heel and toe wear. Yes.

The heavy duty pneumatic tire according to the present invention,
While having shoulder portions near both ends in the axial direction, the outer surface in the radial direction includes a tread constituting a tread surface,
The tread has a base layer and a cap layer laminated on the outer side in the radial direction of the base layer,
A plurality of main grooves are formed in the circumferential direction on the tread surface,
The loss tangent tan δb of the crosslinked rubber constituting the base layer is set lower than the loss tangent tan δc of the crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer,
The difference a−b between the maximum separation distance a between the radial outer surface of the base layer in the shoulder portion and the tread surface and the depth b of the main groove located on the outermost side in the tire axial direction is −3 mm to 3 mm. And
The complex elastic modulus E * c of the crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer is 6.3 MPa or more and 7.7 MPa or less.

  Preferably, the difference a−b between the maximum separation distance a and the depth b of the main groove located on the outermost side in the tire axial direction is −1 mm or more and 1 mm or less.

  Preferably, the complex elastic modulus E * c of the crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer is 6.7 MPa or more and 7.3 MPa or less.

  Preferably, the difference E * c−E * b between the complex elastic modulus E * c of the crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer and the complex elastic modulus E * b of the crosslinked rubber constituting the base layer is 3.7 MPa or more. 4.3 MPa or less.

  In the heavy-duty pneumatic tire according to the present invention, the distortion of the tread is reduced, and further, the heat generation at the shoulder portion is reduced. For this reason, it becomes possible to improve wear resistance performance, reduce rolling resistance, and suppress heel and toe wear.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a tire according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the tire of FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing an example of a tread of a conventional tire.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments with appropriate reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic tire 2 for heavy load. In FIG. 1, the vertical direction is the radial direction of the tire 2, the horizontal direction is the axial direction of the tire 2, and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the circumferential direction of the tire 2. In FIG. 1, the center line CL of the tire 2 also represents the equator plane EQ of the tire 2. The shape of the tire 2 is symmetric with respect to the equator plane EQ except for the tread pattern.

  The tire 2 includes a tread 4, a sidewall 6, a chafer 8, a bead 10, a carcass 12, an inner liner 14, a filler 16, a belt 18, and a covering rubber 20. The tire 2 is a tubeless type.

  The tread 4 has a shape protruding outward in the radial direction. The tread 4 forms a tread surface 22 that contacts the road surface. On the tread surface 22, five circumferential grooves (hereinafter also referred to as main grooves) 24 are formed. These main grooves 24 include one center main groove 24c in the axial center (substantially coincident with the equator plane EQ), a pair of shoulder main grooves 24s on both outer sides in the axial direction, the center main groove 24c, and the shoulder main grooves 24s. A pair of middle main grooves 24m positioned between the two. Six ribs extending in the circumferential direction are formed by the five main grooves 24c, 24m, and 24s.

  An axial groove (lug groove) (not shown) is formed in each of the six ribs. The width of the lug groove is 4.0 mm or more. A tread pattern of a six-row block 40 is formed by the main groove 24 and a lug groove (not shown). That is, a center block 40c, a middle block 40m, and a shoulder block 40s are formed. The pitch (number) of the blocks 40 in the axial direction is 60 or less. Each block 40c, 40m, 40s is formed with an axial groove (lag groove) (not shown). The width of the lug groove is 4.0 mm or more. The width of the main groove 24 is preferably 2.0 mm or greater and 10.0 mm or less. If the width is less than 2.0 mm, the volume of the groove is reduced, and the wet performance may be reduced. On the other hand, if the width is wider than 10.0 mm, the volume of the tread 4 is reduced, and the wear resistance and rigidity may be reduced. The widths of the shoulder main groove 24s, the center main groove 24c, and the shoulder main groove 24s may not be the same. Further, the groove width refers to a width on the outer end in the radial direction of the groove, that is, on the tread surface 22.

  The axially outer end of the tread 4 and the vicinity thereof are referred to as a shoulder portion 26 of the tire 2. Here, for the sake of clarity, a portion axially outward from the shoulder main groove 24s is referred to as a shoulder portion 26. The tread 4 has a base layer 28 and a cap layer 30. The cap layer 30 is located on the radially outer side of the base layer 28. The cap layer 30 is laminated on the base layer 28. The base layer 28 is made of a crosslinked rubber having excellent adhesiveness. A typical base rubber of the base layer 28 is natural rubber. The cap layer 30 is made of a crosslinked rubber having excellent wear resistance, heat resistance, and grip properties.

  The sidewall 6 extends substantially inward in the radial direction from the end of the tread 4. A radially outer portion of the sidewall 6 is joined to the tread 4. The radially inner portion of the sidewall 6 is joined to the chafer 8. As is clear from FIG. 1, the sidewall 6 is located on the outer side in the axial direction than the carcass 12. This sidewall 6 is made of a crosslinked rubber having excellent cut resistance and weather resistance. This sidewall 6 prevents the carcass 12 from being damaged.

  The chafer 8 extends from the sidewall 6 substantially inward in the radial direction. The chafer 8 is made of a crosslinked rubber having excellent wear resistance. The chafer 8 abuts against the flange of the rim. The chafer 8 is harder than the sidewall 6. In the traveling tire 2, the chafer 8 can suppress the fall of the bead 10 portion.

  The bead 10 includes a core 32 and an apex 34 that extends radially outward from the core 32. The core 32 has a ring shape and includes a wound non-stretchable wire. A typical material for the wire is steel. The apex 34 is tapered outward in the radial direction. The apex 34 is made of a highly hard crosslinked rubber.

  The carcass 12 includes a carcass ply 36. The carcass ply 36 is bridged between the beads 10 on both sides, and extends along the tread 4 and the sidewall 6. The carcass ply 36 is folded around the core 32 from the inner side to the outer side in the axial direction. The carcass ply 36 includes a large number of cords arranged in parallel and a topping rubber. The carcass 12 may be formed from two or more carcass plies 36.

  The filler 16 is located near the bead 10. The filler 16 is laminated on the carcass 12. The filler 16 is folded around the core 32 of the bead 10 inside the carcass ply 36. The filler 16 is composed of a large number of cords arranged in parallel and a topping rubber. The filler 16 can suppress the falling of the bead 10 portion.

  The inner liner 14 is located inside the carcass 12. The inner liner 14 is made of a crosslinked rubber. The inner liner 14 is made of rubber having excellent air shielding properties. The inner liner 14 maintains the internal pressure of the tire 2.

  In the cross section of FIG. 1, the belt 18 extends in the axial direction. The belt 18 is located inside the tread 4 in the radial direction. The belt 18 is located outside the carcass 12 in the radial direction. The belt 18 reinforces the carcass 12. In the tire 2, the belt 18 is composed of four layers. The belt 18 includes a first ply 18a, a second ply 18b, a third ply 18c, and a fourth ply 18d, which are sequentially laminated from the inner side in the radial direction. The first ply 18a is laminated on the carcass 12 at the equator plane. Each ply is composed of a large number of cords arranged in parallel and a topping rubber. In the tire 2, the second ply 18b has the largest width among the four layers in the axial direction. In the tire 2, the fourth ply 18d has the smallest width among the four layers in the axial direction. The belt 18 may be composed of three layers.

  The covering rubber 20 covers each end of the second ply 18b and the third ply 18c.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the shoulder portion 26 of the tire 2 of FIG. As illustrated, the cap layer 30 extends to both outer ends in the axial direction of the tread 4. The thickness of the cap layer 30 is substantially uniform in the shoulder portion 26 from the shoulder main groove 24 s at the outermost position in the axial direction to the outer end in the axial direction of the tread 4. In other words, the radially outer surface 38 of the base layer 28, which is a boundary surface between the base layer 28 and the cap layer 30, extends to the axially outer end of the shoulder portion 26 without being greatly curved. This cap layer 30 does not enter radially inward at both outer ends in the axial direction of the tread like the cap layer 66 of the conventional tire 52 shown in FIG. Like the tire 52 in FIG. 3, it does not enter inward in the radial direction at both outer ends in the axial direction of the tread. In the tire 52 of FIG. 3, the base layer 28 occupies the portion of the shoulder portion 72 occupied by the cap layer 66. The outer end surface in the axial direction of the base layer 28 is not in contact with the cap layer 30 but is exposed on the outer surface in the axial direction and / or in contact with the sidewall 6. Thereby, the presence of the base layer 28 is sufficiently ensured up to the shoulder portion 26.

  In FIG. 2, symbol a indicates the maximum separation distance between the radially outer surface 38 of the base layer 28 and the tread surface 22 in a portion (shoulder portion 26) axially outward from the shoulder main groove 24 s. In this embodiment, this can be paraphrased as the maximum thickness of the cap layer 30 in the shoulder portion 26. The direction of the maximum separation distance a is a normal direction on the tread surface 22.

  The base layer 28 and the cap layer 30 have different rubber physical properties. The cap layer 30 is made of a crosslinked rubber having a relatively high complex elastic modulus E * c in order to improve wear resistance. Thereby, distortion accumulated in the tread can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the slip amount of the rear wear of the shoulder block 40s, and to suppress heel and toe wear.

  The complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer 30 is set to 6.3 MPa or more and 7.7 MPa or less. By setting the complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer 30 to 6.3 MPa or more, insufficient rigidity of the cap layer 30 is prevented. Thereby, as described above, the heel and toe wear of the shoulder block 40s can be particularly suppressed. Furthermore, an increase in the amount of sliding of the entire block due to insufficient rigidity is suppressed. As a result, the wear resistance performance of the entire tread can be improved. On the other hand, when the complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer 30 is 7.7 MPa or less, excessive increase in rigidity of the cap layer 30 is prevented. As a result, deterioration of RRC due to deterioration of the heat generation performance of the cap layer 30 can be prevented. Furthermore, tread groove cracking (TGC), which is a crack generated at the groove bottom of the tread due to excessively high rigidity, can be prevented. From this viewpoint, it is preferable that the complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer 30 is set to 6.7 MPa or more and 7.3 MPa or less.

  The complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer 30 is higher than the complex elastic modulus E * b of the base layer. The difference E * c−E * b between the complex elastic modulus E * c of the crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer 30 and the complex elastic modulus E * b of the crosslinked rubber constituting the base layer 28 is 3.7 MPa or more and 4 It is preferably 3 MPa or less. By increasing the complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer 30 in this way, the rigidity of the cap layer 30 can be improved, and good wear resistance performance, RRC reduction, and heel and toe wear resistance can be obtained.

Further, the loss tangent tan δb of the rubber of the base layer 28 is set lower than the loss tangent tan δc of the rubber of the cap layer 30. By reducing the loss tangent tan δb of the rubber of the base layer 28, it is possible to achieve low heat generation and reduce RRC. The loss tangent tan δb of the rubber of the base layer 28 is preferably 0.02 or more and 0.04 or less. The difference tan δc−tan δb between the loss tangent tan δc of the crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer 30 and the loss tangent tan δb of the crosslinked rubber constituting the base layer 28 is preferably 0.02 or more and 0.08 or less. .

The above-described complex elastic modulus E * and loss tangent tan δ are measured in accordance with JIS K 6394. The measurement conditions are as follows.
Viscoelastic spectrometer: "VESF-3" from Iwamoto Seisakusho
Initial strain: 10%
Dynamic strain: ± 1%
Frequency: 10Hz
Deformation mode: Tensile Measurement temperature: 70 ° C

  As described above, the thickness of the cap layer 30 is substantially uniform from the shoulder main groove 24 s to the outer end in the axial direction of the tread 4. A part of the cap layer of high tan δ, which has conventionally occupied the shoulder portion, is replaced with the base layer 28 of low tan δ. Thereby, low RRC is realized. The maximum separation distance a between the radial outer surface 38 of the base layer 28 and the tread surface 22 in the shoulder portion 26 has a relationship of b−3 mm ≦ a ≦ b + 3 mm with respect to the depth dimension b of the shoulder main groove 24s. That is, the difference a−b between the maximum separation distance a and the depth b of the shoulder main groove 24s is −3 mm or more and 3 mm or less. The depth b of the shoulder main groove 24s is preferably in the range of 14.5 mm to 20.5 mm. The range of the depth b is approximately the depth that the shoulder main groove 24s of the conventional heavy duty tire has. The groove depth b is a depth in the normal direction at the upper end (tread surface 22) of the groove.

  By making the maximum separation distance a in the shoulder portion 26 equal to or greater than the depth b-3 mm of the shoulder main groove 24s, the base layer 28 is prevented from being exposed to the tread surface 22 even at the end of wear of the tire 2. The As a result, it is possible to prevent a decrease in wear resistance and uneven wear resistance. On the other hand, when the maximum separation distance a is set to the groove depth b + 3 mm or less, the mass of the low tan δ base layer 28 is ensured in the shoulder portion 26. As a result, a sufficiently low heat generation can be realized, and the RRC of the tire 2 can be reduced. From this point of view, the maximum separation distance a is preferably in a relationship of b-1 mm ≦ a ≦ b + 1 mm with respect to the depth dimension b of the shoulder main groove 24s. That is, the difference a−b between the maximum separation distance a and the depth b is preferably −1 mm or more and 1 mm or less.

  For forming the tire 2 having the above tread configuration, it is preferable to use a strip wind method. For example, although not shown, a rubber strip for the base layer 28 is wound in a circumferential direction and spirally on the layer for the belt 18 wound around the molding drum. Further, a rubber strip for the cap layer 30 is wound around the outer circumferential surface in a circumferential direction and spirally. Thereby, a ring in which the belt 18 and the tread 4 are integrated is formed. When the rubber strip is wound, the cross-sectional shape of the base layer and the cap layer is controlled by controlling the transverse feed pitch. The rubber strip for the cap layer 30 is wound so as not to cover both end portions in the axial direction of the base layer wound earlier. The integrated ring of the belt 18 and the tread 4 is attached to a base body in which a carcass ply is spanned between a pair of bead cores. Each base may be preliminarily bonded with rubber such as sidewalls, clinches, inner liners and the like. The above is an example of the strip wind method.

  Here, the regular rim means a rim defined by a standard on which the tire 2 depends. “Standard rim” in the JATMA standard, “Design Rim” in the TRA standard, and “Measuring Rim” in the ETRTO standard are regular rims. In the present specification, the normal internal pressure means an internal pressure defined in a standard on which the tire 2 relies. “Maximum air pressure” in JATMA standard, “Maximum value” published in “TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES” in TRA standard, and “INFLATION PRESSURE” in ETRTO standard are normal internal pressures. The normal load means a load defined in a standard on which the tire depends. “Maximum value” published in “Maximum load capacity” in JATMA standard, “TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES” in TRA standard, and “LOAD CAPACITY” in ETRTO standard are normal loads.

  Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be clarified by examples. However, the present invention should not be construed in a limited manner based on the description of the examples.

[Example 1]
A tire of Example 1 having the configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was obtained. The size of this tire is 315 / 80R22.5. The complex elastic modulus E * b of the rubber for the base layer of this tire was 3.0 MPa. The loss tangent tan δb of the rubber of the base layer was 0.04, and the loss tangent tan δc of the rubber of the cap layer was 0.07. The depth b of the shoulder main groove was 17.5 mm. The complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer and the maximum separation distance a between the radially outer surface of the base layer and the tread surface in the shoulder portion are referred to as “the thickness of the cap layer” and are described in Table 1. It is as follows. Here, the relationship between the maximum distance a and the depth b of the shoulder main groove is shown in parentheses. Each of the tires of Example 1 was subjected to confirmation tests for wear resistance, RRC, heel and toe wear resistance, and whether or not TGC was generated.

[Example 2-6]
The complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer and the maximum separation distance (wall thickness of the cap layer) a in the shoulder portion are the same as in Example 1 except that they are changed as shown in Table 1. Tires of Examples 2 to 6 were obtained. Each tire of Examples 2 to 6 was subjected to each confirmation test for wear resistance, RRC, heel and toe wear resistance, and whether or not TGC was generated.

[Example 7, Comparative Example 1-4]
The complex elastic modulus E * c of the rubber of the cap layer and the maximum separation distance (wall thickness of the cap layer) a in the shoulder portion are the same as in Example 1 except that they are changed as shown in Table 2. Tires of Example 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were obtained. Each of these tires was subjected to confirmation tests for wear resistance, RRC, heel and toe wear resistance, and whether or not TGC was generated.

[Abrasion resistance, heel and toe wear resistance and TGC generation check]
The test tire was installed in the rim and mounted on the rear wheel of the truck, which is a test vehicle. A road test was performed with this test vehicle. The test conditions are as follows.
Rim used: 9.00 × 22.5
Tire internal pressure: 830 kPa
Travel speed: 80km / h
Mileage: 10000km
After running, the groove depth of the test tire was measured, and the amount of wear from the start of running was confirmed. Based on the measurement results, the wear resistance performance was evaluated by an index with Example 1 as 100. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The larger the value, the less the amount of wear, and the better the wear resistance performance. At the same time, the amount of step difference between the first arrival side and the rear arrival side (circumferential rear end and front end) of the block on the tread surface was confirmed. Based on the measurement result of the step wear, the heel and toe wear resistance performance was evaluated by an index with Example 1 as 100. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The larger the value, the smaller the step amount, and the better the heel and toe wear resistance. In addition, it was visually confirmed whether cracks (TGC) occurred in the main groove of the tire after running. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[Rolling resistance (RRC)]
Using a rolling resistance tester, rolling resistance was measured under the following measurement conditions.
Rim used: 9.00 × 22.5
Internal pressure: 830 kPa
Load: 36.77kN
Speed: 80km / h
Based on this measurement result, rolling resistance (RRC) was evaluated by an index with Example 1 as 100. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. It represents that rolling resistance is so small that a numerical value is large. A larger numerical value is preferable.

  From the evaluation results shown in Tables 1 and 2, the superiority of the present invention becomes clear.

  The heavy duty pneumatic tire according to the present invention can be mounted on vehicles such as trucks and buses.

2 ... tyre 4 ... tread 6 ... side wall 8 ... chafer 10 ... bead 12 ... carcass 14 ... inner liner 16 ... filler 18 ... belt 20 ..Covering rubber 22 ... tread surface 24 ... main groove 24s ... shoulder main groove 26 ... shoulder 28 ... base layer 30 ... cap layer 32 ... core 34 ... Apex 36 ... Carcass ply 38 ... Radial outer surface (of base layer) 40 ... Block 40s ... Shoulder block EQ ... Equatorial surface

Claims (4)

While having shoulder portions near both ends in the axial direction, the outer surface in the radial direction includes a tread constituting a tread surface,
The tread has a base layer and a cap layer laminated on the outer side in the radial direction of the base layer,
A plurality of main grooves are formed in the circumferential direction on the tread surface,
The loss tangent tan δb of the crosslinked rubber constituting the base layer is set lower than the loss tangent tan δc of the crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer,
The difference a−b between the maximum separation distance a between the radial outer surface of the base layer in the shoulder portion and the tread surface and the depth b of the main groove located on the outermost side in the tire axial direction is −3 mm to 3 mm. And
A heavy duty pneumatic tire having a complex elastic modulus E * c of a crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer of 6.3 MPa to 7.7 MPa.   2. The heavy duty pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a difference a−b between the maximum separation distance a and a depth b of a main groove located on the outermost side in the tire axial direction is −1 mm or more and 1 mm or less.   The heavy duty pneumatic tire according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross-linked rubber constituting the cap layer has a complex elastic modulus E * c of 6.7 MPa or more and 7.3 MPa or less.   The difference E * c−E * b between the complex elastic modulus E * c of the crosslinked rubber constituting the cap layer and the complex elastic modulus E * b of the crosslinked rubber constituting the base layer is 3.7 MPa or more and 4.3 MPa. The heavy-duty pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:

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