JP2016035260A - Cylinder liner for reciprocating piston combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cylinder liner and a method capable of easily, efficiently inspecting lubrication by the cylinder liner.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a cylinder liner 1 for a large-sized diesel motor, the cylinder liner 1 comprises: a piston disposed to be movable in a reciprocating fashion within the cylinder liner 1 so as to be displaceable along a cylinder axis A of the cylinder liner 1; an upper side of the piston, a combustion space 15 being demarcated by a running surface of the cylinder liner 1, a cylinder cover disposed in the cylinder liner 1, and the upper side of the piston; and a lubrication device for introducing lubricant into the cylinder liner 1, the lubricant forming a lubrication film 2 within the cylinder liner 1 in an operation state. According to the present invention, the cylinder liner 1 includes at least one passage 13, an optical element 5 is disposed in the passage 13, and the optical element 5 is configured and disposed to be able to illuminate the lubrication film 2 with an illumination beam 3 in the form of an electromagnetic radiation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a cylinder liner for a large diesel engine according to the preamble of the independent term 1, and to a method for determining the characteristic value of the lubricating film according to the preamble of the independent term 12.

  Large diesel engines are frequently used as marine drive units, or are often used in stationary operations, for example, for driving large generators for generating electrical energy. In this regard, the engine typically runs in permanent operation for a considerable period of time, which creates a high demand for operational safety as well as availability. Thus, in particular, long maintenance intervals, low wear, and economical handling of fuel and operating materials are central criteria for the operation of the machine for the operator. The piston operating behavior in the cylinder liner of such a large bore low speed diesel engine is a determinant for the length and availability of maintenance intervals, as well as for quality and lubricant consumption, and directly for operating costs. Determinant, and thus also a determinant for efficiency. The piston operating behavior of large diesel engines and the complex issues of their lubrication have increasingly greater significance.

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to propose a cylinder liner and method that makes it possible to easily and efficiently inspect lubrication with a cylinder liner.

  This object is met according to the invention by a cylinder liner for a large diesel engine having the features of claim 1 and by a method for determining the characteristic values of a lubricating film having the features of claim 12.

  The dependent claims relate to particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Thus, the present invention relates to a cylinder liner for a large diesel engine,
A piston arranged in a reciprocating manner in the cylinder liner so as to be displaceable along the cylinder axis of the cylinder liner;
-The upper side of the piston that delimits the combustion space together with the running surface of the cylinder liner and the cylinder cover arranged on the cylinder liner;
-A lubricating device for introducing lubricant into the cylinder liner;
The lubricant forms a lubricating film in the cylinder liner in the operating state.
The cylinder liner includes at least one passage, an optical element is disposed in the passage, and the optical element is configured and arranged to illuminate the lubricating film with an illumination beam in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

  A passage may be located in the cylinder wall in the jacket surface of the cylinder liner or in the cylinder cover. The passage may connect the outer region of the cylinder liner, which is the region outside the cylinder liner, to the inner region, which is the region volume within the cylinder liner. Preferably, the passage may be formed in the combustion space. The passage may be configured as a hollow body with a circular or triangular or rectangular or polygonal base surface. However, the passage can also extend conically in the direction of the inner or outer region of the cylinder liner. The passage may have a longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis of the passage may form an angle with the cylinder axis, in particular an angle between 20 and 160 degrees. That is, the passage can therefore travel linearly or inclined through the cylinder wall. However, the passage may also include one or more compartments whose further longitudinal axis includes the same or different angle as the cylinder axis. In order to prevent the penetration of lubricant into the passage, end elements may be arranged at the opening of the passage in the direction of the inner region of the cylinder liner, in particular in the direction of the combustion space. The end element can be optically transparent.

  In addition, a portion of the passage in the direction of the inner region can be formed as a collection region. When the piston closes the collection area in a reciprocating motion in the operating state, the collection area can be understood as a closed predetermined collection volume where lubricant collects and forms a lubricating film. However, the cylinder liner may include two, three, or more passages, and two, three, or more passages may be, for example, in the inner region of the cylinder liner or collected. It can open into the area. Similarly, two, three, or more passageways can be formed independently of each other with or without a collection area in the cylinder liner so that the lubricating film can be tested at different points on the cylinder liner. obtain. However, the passage can also open into the scavenging space.

  The optical element may be placed in the passageway, partially in the passageway or completely in the passageway, before the opening in the outer region. The optical element may include sources for electromagnetic radiation and / or optical waveguides and / or detection elements and / or analysis elements. Sources for electromagnetic radiation and / or optical waveguides and / or detection elements and / or analysis elements may be formed as components of optical elements or as units. However, they can likewise be formed as components unrelated to the optical element. If the source and / or the optical waveguide and / or the detection element and / or the analysis element are formed as independent components, these components can be connected to one another for the exchange of data and / or electromagnetic radiation . That is, they can communicate with each other, or transmit electromagnetic radiation by optical waveguides or wires, or even wirelessly using local networks.

The source can be, for example, a laser, a diode, an x-ray emitter, or a microwave emitter. The electromagnetic radiation can be in the wavelength range from 1 m to 10 ⁻¹² m, ie it can be, for example, microwave radiation, infrared radiation, visible light or X-ray radiation.

  The detection element can be, for example, a photovoltaic cell (photoelectric cell), a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode, a CCD sensor, a semiconductor detector, or a scintillation counter. The detection element may detect electromagnetic radiation, specifically an intensity or absorption spectrum, and convert it to an electromagnetic signal.

  The analysis element can be, for example, a computer, a control device, a controller, or an integrated circuit that calculates the characteristic value of the lubricating film.

  If the engine is in operation, the piston is reciprocated along the cylinder axis, and the piston ring and cylinder liner are lubricated with a lubricant. In this regard, the lubricant forms a lubricating film in the cylinder liner, specifically, inside the jacket surface of the cylinder liner or in the collection area. When testing or analyzing a lubricating film, when the source is configured as a component of an optical element, an illumination beam can be emitted by the source or by the optical element, and the lubricating film can be illuminated by the illumination beam.

  In this regard, the illumination beam penetrates into the lubricating film, and the emitted or transmitted illumination beam is introduced into the lubricating film by one or more substances, specifically molecules present in the lubricating film. To be absorbed. In the following, the illumination beam is totally reflected at the phase interface between the lubricating film and the gas in the cylinder liner.

  The lubricant may include a liquid portion and / or a gas portion and / or a solid portion. The lubricant may specifically be a lubricating oil or a cooled lubricating oil, and may include, for example, a base liquid (base liquid) having one or more additives.

  Simply or as needed, the lubricant can advantageously be illuminated, in particular the composition of the lubricant, and can be efficiently tested directly in the cylinder liner. In this regard, the characteristic wavelength of the lubricant is advantageously excited and a determination of the lubricant's transmission behavior can be used to draw conclusions about the specific characteristics of the lubricant.

  In certain embodiments of the invention, the passages are arranged in the cylinder wall of the cylinder liner, and the passages can be conveniently and easily installed, or can be retrofitted into a cylinder liner that has already been installed and installed (retrofit). obtain).

  In one embodiment of the invention, the cylinder liner includes at least one source for radiation of electromagnetic radiation, the source configured to emit an illumination beam as electromagnetic radiation for illuminating the lubricating film. The In this regard, the source is configured such that the illumination beam includes electromagnetic radiation having one wavelength or different wavelengths. In addition, the optical element may include a source in this regard.

The source may emit electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range from 1 m to 10 ⁻¹² m. In that case, electromagnetic radiation may be emitted at one wavelength or at different wavelengths. The source can be configured as a component of the optical element or as a unit, or the source can be configured as a component unrelated to the optical element. Thus, different characteristic values can be advantageously tested using different sources or wavelengths. In addition, the modularity and interchangeability of the sources can be guaranteed.

  In some embodiments of the invention, the optical element includes an optical waveguide. An optical waveguide can be understood as a conductor for electromagnetic waves, for example a glass fiber. An optical waveguide may be connected to the source. Since the source can be configured as an independent component, the illumination beam can be transmitted to the lubricating film using an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide can be arranged very simply, i.e. installed, in the passage.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder liner includes a detection element that detects a detection beam that travels back from the lubricating film, specifically, the intensity or absorption spectrum of the detected beam. Is configured to detect and convert it to a signal. Similarly, the cylinder liner includes an analysis element, and the analysis element is provided to determine a characteristic value characterizing the lubricating film using the detected beam signal. Lubricant characteristics or engines that occur, for example, in the wear or corrosion of engine components, non-combustion, partial combustion, or entrainment of combustion fuel, or in each other's combustion products or reaction products in materials that occur during engine operation The properties of materials or lubricant additives that occur during operation can be tested. Specifically, basic number (BN), iron content, particle content, specifically catalyst residue or cat fines content, viscosity, lubricant oxide content, clouding, Characteristic values of conductivity or dielectric parameters, lubricating film thickness and reflection behavior, transmission or absorption behavior of the lubricating film or lubricant may be determined as characteristic values. Thus, the lubricant or lubricating film in the cylinder liner can be advantageously and simply tested.

  In certain embodiments of the invention, the optical element comprises a detection element and / or an analysis element. The advantage of this measure is that the detection element and / or the analysis element are integrated into the optical element so that the lubricating film can be tested in a simple way by the optical element arranged in the passage.

  In certain embodiments of the invention, the cylinder liner includes one or more passages, and the one or more passages include a collection region. In this regard, the passageway is arranged such that the passageway opens into the collection area and can be formed as a predetermined collection volume with the collection area closed. The collection region may be configured as a section of a passage having a diameter that is smaller or the same as the passage diameter, preferably greater or greater than the passage diameter. The collection area can be shaped conically in the direction of the inner area. That is, the collection area has an increasing diameter. The collection area may be configured, for example, as a cone, cylinder, or pyramid. The characteristic value can advantageously be determined simply by referring to a predetermined collection volume.

The present invention further includes a method for determining a characteristic value of a lubricating film, specifically, a characteristic value of a lubricating film in a cylinder liner according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the method comprises: ,
-Including an illumination step, in which the lubricating film is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation of the illumination beam;
A detection step, in which the detection beam traveling back from the lubricating film, in particular the intensity or absorption spectrum of the detection beam, is detected and converted into a signal. The characteristic value is determined in the analysis step depending on the detection beam signal to be detected.

  In one embodiment of the invention, in the emitting step, electromagnetic radiation is emitted by the source as an illumination beam for illuminating the lubricating film.

  In certain embodiments of the invention, the wavelength of the illumination beam is selected such that absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the detection beam is excited in the lubricant.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the analysis step calculates the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio of the detection amplitude of the detection beam to the illumination amplitude of the illumination beam.

  The method can be described as follows. In the illumination step, the lubricating film is illuminated with an illumination beam from the optical element. At the phase interface from the liquid (lubricant) to the gaseous state (eg, scavenging or combustion space gas), the illumination beam is totally reflected, thus resulting in a reflected detection beam that travels back in the direction of the passage. If the passage opens into the scavenging space, this can even amplify the effect of total internal reflection at the phase interface. In this regard, the illumination beam and the detection beam cross the lubricating film twice, and some of the energy of the illumination beam and the detection beam is absorbed. In the detection step, the detection beam is detected and converted into a signal. A characteristic value characterizing the lubricating film is determined by the analysis element in the analysis step using the signal. In this regard, for example, the analysis step may calculate the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio of the detection amplitude of the detection beam to the illumination amplitude of the illumination beam.

  Any suitable combination of embodiments according to the present invention as well as simple further developments of the present invention apparent to those skilled in the art are covered by the present invention, even though they are not explicitly described in the present application. That is obvious.

  Using the cylinder liner as well as using the method for determining the characteristic values of the lubricating film, the proposed means ultimately tests the lubricating film or lubricant as needed and as simply as possible. It is essential for the present invention to have the result that it can.

  The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawings.

1 shows a first embodiment of a cylinder liner according to the invention comprising a passage and an optical element. FIG. FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a cylinder liner according to the invention comprising a passage and an optical element. FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of a cylinder liner according to the invention with a passage. FIG. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of a cylinder liner according to the invention with a passage. It is the schematic which shows the principle of total reflection.

  Each cylinder liner 1 according to the invention for large diesel engines, in particular for single-flow scavenging large two-cycle diesel engines, is schematically and partially for reasons of clarity. Only FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 show.

  FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a cylinder liner 1 according to the invention comprising a passage 13 and an optical element 5. The cylinder liner 1 includes a piston (see FIG. 3, reference numeral 12) not shown in any further detail, the piston being arranged on the operating surface of the cylinder liner and the cylinder liner 1 on the upper side of the piston. It is arranged so as to reciprocate along the cylinder axis A of the cylinder liner 1 between the top dead center OT and the bottom dead center so as to bound the combustion space 15 together with a cylinder cover (not shown). ing. In addition, the cylinder liner 1 includes a lubricating device (not shown) for introducing a lubricant into the cylinder liner 1, and the lubricant forms a lubricating film 2 in the cylinder liner 1 in an operating state.

  According to the invention, the cylinder liner 1 comprises at least one passage 13, an optical element 5 is arranged in the passage 13, which can illuminate the lubricating film 2 with an illumination beam 3 in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Constructed and arranged as such.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the passage 13 is formed in the cylinder wall 11 of the cylinder liner 1, and connects the outer region of the cylinder liner 1 to the inner region of the cylinder liner 1, specifically, the combustion space 15 or the scavenging space. To do. In this respect, the passage 13 is preferably configured as a straight bore. In addition, the passage 13 includes a terminal element 14 arranged in the direction of the inner region of the cylinder liner 1. The end element 14 occludes the passage 13 and thus prevents the lubricant from spreading in the passage 13. In this regard, the end element 14 is transparent for the electromagnetic radiation used and is transparent to the illumination beam 3 and the detection beam 4.

  The cylinder liner 1 additionally includes at least one source 6 for emitting electromagnetic radiation, which is configured to be able to emit an illumination beam 3 as electromagnetic radiation for illuminating the lubricating film 2. . In addition, the source 6 is configured such that the illumination beam 3 includes electromagnetic radiation having one wavelength or different wavelengths. The optical element 5 and the source 6 are configured as two separate units or components as shown in FIG. However, it is also possible for the optical element 5 to include a source 6, that is, the source 6 is configured as a unit or component of the optical element 5 and integrated into the optical element (see FIG. 2).

  The optical element 5 includes an optical waveguide 7 that is connected to a source 6. The optical waveguide 7 is disposed in the passage 13 and transmits or transmits the illumination beam 3 from the source 6 to the lubricating film 2, and specifically, the optical beam 5 transmits the illumination beam 3 in the lubricating film 2 by the optical waveguide 7. Or the lubricating film 2 can be illuminated by an illumination beam 3.

  The cylinder liner 1 further includes a detection element 8, and the detection element 8 is configured to detect the detection beam 4 from which the detection element 8 returns from the lubricating film 2. Specifically, it is configured to detect the intensity or absorption spectrum of the detection beam 4 and convert it into a signal. An optical filter 81 that filters the wavelength to be detected from the detection beam 4 is arranged in front of the detection element 8.

  The cylinder liner 1 additionally includes an analysis element 9, which is provided for determining characteristic values that characterize the lubricating film 2. In FIG. 1, the detection element 8 and the analysis element 9 are configured as units or components separate from the optical element 5, that is, in this first embodiment, the optical element includes only the optical waveguide 7. 7 detects the detection beam 4 and transmits the detection beam 4 to a detection element 8 that detects the detection beam 4. In other embodiments, for example in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the optical element 5 may also include a source 6 and / or a detection element 8 and / or an analysis element 9, i.e. the source 6 and / or the detection element. 8 and / or the analysis element 9 can also be configured as a unit of the optical element 5.

  FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a cylinder liner 1 according to the invention comprising a passage 13 and an optical element 5. Since the design of the cylinder liner 1 has many functions in common with the first embodiment of the cylinder liner of FIG. 1, only the differences will be seen. In this second embodiment, the optical element 5 comprises a source (see FIG. 1, reference number 6), a detection element (see FIG. 1, reference number 8), and an analysis element (see FIG. 1, reference number 9). In other words, they are integrated into the optical element 5 as a unit or as a component. In this second embodiment, the optical element 5 can include, for example, a diode as a source as well as a detection element. Using the diode, the illumination beam 3 is emitted and the detection beam 4 is detected. In this regard, the analysis element 9 can be configured as a component that is integrated into the optical element 5, for example. The optical element 5 is additionally connected to the control element 10 using, for example, a wire, and the control element 10 further processes the characteristic values.

  FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the cylinder liner 1 according to the invention with a passage 13. Since the design of the cylinder liner 1 has many functions in common with the first and second embodiments of the cylinder liner of FIGS. 1 and 2, only the differences will be seen below. In the third embodiment, the cylinder liner 1 includes a plurality of passages 13, 131, 132, here first and second passages 131, 132, and a collection region 16, and the passages 13, 131, 132 include They are arranged such that they open into the collection area 16 and that the collection area can be configured as a predetermined collection volume closed. The first and second passages 13, 131, 132 include an angle with respect to the cylinder axis A or with respect to the cylinder wall 11. In addition, the passages 13, 131, 132 are arranged in a V shape. The collection region 16 is configured as a recess in the cylinder wall 11 and forms a predetermined collection volume when the piston 12 closes the collection region 16, and the lubricant collects in the collection volume to form the lubricating film 2. . The illumination beam 3 is applied to one of the two passages 13, for example in the first passage, or the optical element 5 is for example an optical waveguide (not shown, FIG. 1, reference numeral 7). And / or as a source (not shown, see FIG. 1, reference numeral 5) and arranged in the first passage 131. In contrast, the detection beam 4 is detected in the second passage 132, or the optical element 5 is, for example, as an optical waveguide (not shown, see FIG. 1, reference numeral 7) and / or a detection element. (Not shown, see FIG. 1, reference number 8) and / or as an analytical element (not shown, see FIG. 1, reference number 9) and arranged in the second passage 132. The illumination beam 3 illuminates the collection region 16, ie illuminates the lubricant or the lubricant film formed in the collection region 16. The illumination beam 3 is reflected by a phase interface 16 (not shown), passes again through the lubricating film 2 in the collection region 16 as a reflected detection beam 4, and is subsequently detected in the second passage 132 using a detection element (not shown). Alternatively, for example, using an optical waveguide (not shown) and transmitting toward it.

  FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the cylinder liner 1 according to the invention with a passage 13. Since the design of the cylinder liner 1 has a number of functions in common with the first, second or third embodiment of the cylinder liner of FIG. 1, 2 or 3, only the differences will be seen below. To do. In FIG. 4, a passage 13 comprising an angle of about 90 degrees with the cylinder axis A or the cylinder wall 11 opens into the collection area 16. The illumination beam 3 and the detection beam 4 are irradiated and detected through one passage 13. The optical element 5 is, for example, as an optical waveguide (not shown, see FIG. 1, reference numeral 7) and / or as a source (not shown, see FIG. 1, reference numeral 5) and / or a detection element (FIG. Not shown, see FIG. 1, reference number 8) and / or configured as an analysis element (not shown, see FIG. 1, reference number 9) and arranged in the passage 13. The illumination beam 3 irradiates the collection area 16, that is, irradiates a lubricant or a lubricant film formed in the collection area 16. Whether the illumination beam 3 is reflected at a phase interface (not shown), passes again through the lubricating film 2 in the collection region 16 as a reflected detection beam 4, and is subsequently detected in the passage 13 using a detection element (not shown). Alternatively, for example, an optical waveguide (not shown) is used and transmitted forward toward the optical waveguide. The combination of the third and fourth embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is not clearly shown, but is equally possible.

  Furthermore, the method according to the invention for determining the characteristic value of the lubricating film 2, in particular the lubricating film 2 in the cylinder liner 1 according to one of claims 1 to 11, is shown in FIGS. The embodiment shown in FIG. In this method, an illumination step of illuminating the lubricating film 2 using electromagnetic radiation of the illumination beam 3 and a detection beam returning from the lubricating film 2, specifically, the intensity or absorption spectrum of the detection beam is detected and converted into a signal. Detecting step. In this regard, the characteristic value of the lubricating film 2 is determined in the analysis step depending on the detected beam signal. In the radiation step, an illumination beam 3 is emitted from the source 6 as electromagnetic radiation to illuminate the lubricating film 2. The wavelength of the illumination beam 3 is selected in this respect so that absorption of the electromagnetic radiation of the illumination beam 3 is excited in the lubricant 2.

  This method is carried out as follows using the cylinder liner described in claims 1 to 11. The illumination beam 3 is emitted by the source 6 and transmitted into the passage 13 using the optical element 5, here the optical waveguide 7. The illumination beam 3 is radiated by the optical waveguide 7 in the passage 13 in the vicinity of the inner wall of the cylinder liner 1 that forms the lubricating film 2. In this regard, the illumination beam 3 is transmitted through the end element 14 and then enters the lubricating film 2. The illumination beam 3 radiated or transmitted with one or more different characteristic wavelengths is caused by one or more substances, in particular molecules present in the lubricating film 2. Absorbed in the lubricating film 2. In addition, other mechanisms such as fluorescence or scattering may also work in this regard. In the following, the principle of total reflection is used at the phase interface between the lubricating film 2 and a gas (not shown) in the inner region of the cylinder liner 1. The illumination beam 3 is reflected at the phase interface from the liquid (lubricant) to the gaseous state (eg, scavenging or combustion space gas), and thus becomes the reflected detection beam 4 returning in the direction of the passage 13. The detection beam is detected by the optical waveguide 7 and transmitted to the detection element 8 via the optical filter 81, and the wavelength to be detected is filtered from the detection beam using the optical filter 81. The detection beam is detected in the detection element 8 and converted into a signal. A characteristic value characterizing the lubricating film 2 is determined by the analysis element 9 using the signal. In this regard, the analysis step may calculate the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio of the detection amplitude of the detection beam to the illumination amplitude of the illumination beam. With reference to the determination of the transmission behavior of the lubricating film, conclusions regarding specific properties of the lubricant can be drawn.

  FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the principle of total reflection. In this regard, the illumination beam 3 is arranged to the left of the optical axis B at an angle greater than the critical angle G. The illumination beam 3 is totally reflected at the phase interface and becomes an illumination beam 4 that travels to the right of the optical axis B. Total reflection is known among other things in relation to electromagnetic waves (eg visible light). Total reflection does not absorb or only slightly absorbs and has a different propagation velocity when the incident angle exceeds a certain value, the so-called total reflection critical angle G. In that case, the illumination beam 3 coming from the optically denser medium having the refractive index n1 and impinging on the boundary to the optically thinner medium having the refractive index n2 is no longer in the second medium. And is almost completely reflected in the optically higher density medium n1.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylinder liner 2 Lubrication film 3 Illumination beam 4 Detection beam 5 Optical element 6 Source 7 Optical waveguide 8 Detection element 9 Analysis element 10 Control element 11 Cylinder wall 12 Piston 13 Passage 14 Terminal element 15 Combustion space 16 Collection space 81 Optical filter 131 Passage 132 Passage A Cylinder axis B Optical axis G Critical angle n1 Refractive index n2 Refractive index

Claims (15)

A cylinder liner for a large diesel engine,
A piston disposed in a reciprocating manner in the cylinder liner so as to be displaceable along the cylinder axis of the cylinder liner;
An upper side of the piston that delimits a combustion space together with a traveling surface of the cylinder liner and a cylinder cover disposed on the cylinder liner;
A lubricating device for introducing a lubricant into the cylinder liner,
The lubricant forms a lubricating film in the cylinder liner in an operating state,
The cylinder liner includes at least one passage, and an optical element is disposed in the passage;
The optical element is constructed and arranged to be able to illuminate the lubricating film with an illumination beam in the form of electromagnetic radiation;
Cylinder liner.   The cylinder liner according to claim 1, wherein the passage is disposed in a cylinder wall of the cylinder liner.   The cylinder liner includes at least one source for radiation of the electromagnetic radiation, the source configured to emit the illumination beam as electromagnetic radiation for illuminating the lubricating film. The cylinder liner according to 1 or 2.   The cylinder liner of claim 3, wherein the optical element includes the source.   5. A cylinder liner according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the source is configured such that the illumination beam includes electromagnetic radiation having one wavelength or different wavelengths.   The cylinder liner according to claim 1, wherein the optical element includes an optical waveguide.   The cylinder liner of claim 6, wherein the optical waveguide is connected to the source.   The cylinder liner includes a detection element, and the detection element detects a detection beam that travels back from the lubricating film, and specifically detects the intensity or absorption spectrum of the detected beam. And a cylinder liner according to any one of the preceding claims, configured to convert it into a signal.   The cylinder liner according to claim 8, wherein the cylinder liner includes an analysis element, and the analysis element is provided to determine a characteristic value characterizing the lubricating film using the signal of the detected beam.   The cylinder liner according to claim 1, wherein the optical element includes the detection element and / or the analysis element.   The cylinder liner includes one or more passages and a collection region, the passage being a predetermined collection volume with the passage opening into the collection region and closing the collection region. The cylinder liner according to claim 1, which is arranged so as to be formed. A characteristic value of a lubricating film, specifically, a method for determining a characteristic value of a lubricating film in a cylinder liner according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
A lighting step;
Detecting step,
In the illumination step, the lubricating film is illuminated using electromagnetic radiation of an illumination beam;
In the detection step, a detection beam that travels back from the lubricating film, specifically, the intensity or absorption spectrum of the detection beam is detected and converted into a signal,
The characteristic value is determined in an analysis step depending on the signal of the detected beam to be detected.
Method.   The method of claim 12, wherein, in a radiation step, the electromagnetic radiation is emitted from a source as an illumination beam for illuminating the lubricating film.   14. A method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the wavelength of the illumination beam is selected such that absorption of the electromagnetic radiation of the detection beam is excited in the lubricant.   15. A method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein in the analyzing step, the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio of the detection amplitude of the detection beam to the illumination amplitude of the illumination beam is calculated.

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