JP2016032436A - 不快臭を生成しないチゴサッカロミケス属酵母 - Google Patents
不快臭を生成しないチゴサッカロミケス属酵母 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(1)BAT1をコードする遺伝子の機能が欠損している、ジゴサッカロミケス属酵母。
(2)BAT1をコードする遺伝子およびARO8をコードする遺伝子の機能が欠損している、ジゴサッカロミケス属酵母。
(3)BAT1をコードする遺伝子および/またはARO8をコードする遺伝子の機能が欠損することにより、イソ酪酸、2−メチルブタン酸およびイソ吉草酸の生成量が、欠損していない親株に比較していずれも50%以下となっている、(1)または(2)に記載のジゴサッカロミケス属酵母。
(4)ジゴサッカロミケス属酵母がジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシー(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii)である(1)から(3)のいずれか1つに記載の酵母。
(5)製造工程において、(1)から(4)のいずれか1つに記載の酵母を添加することを特徴とする発酵食品。
(6)発酵食品が醤油または味噌である、(5)に記載の食品。
(1−1)ジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシーにおけるBAT1遺伝子の探索
サッカロミケス・セレビシエにおいてBAT1及びBAT2遺伝子が不快臭成分の生合成経路に関わることが知られていたことから、ジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシーにおいても同様の遺伝子が存在するかを確認するため、サッカロミケス・セレビシエのBAT1遺伝子またはBAT2遺伝子の推定翻訳産物をクエリとし、ジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシーのゲノムデータベースに対する相同性検索を行った。その結果、ゲノムデータベース上ではジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシーは1つのBAT1遺伝子ZYRO0G00396gを持つことが明らかとなった。
醤油諸味より分離されたジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシーZ3のもう1つのBAT1様遺伝子を同定するため、ショットガンクローニングを行った。まず、ジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシーZ3株のゲノミックDNAを制限酵素Sau3AIで処理した。制限酵素処理産物をアガロースゲル電気泳動により分離し、5〜8キロベースペアの断片を回収した。回収したDNA断片を、事前にBamH1処理しておいたURA3遺伝子を有する多コピー型のプラスミドとライゲーションし、Z3株のゲノミックDNAライブラリーを構築した。構築したゲノミックライブラリーで大腸菌DH5α株を形質転換した後、大腸菌からプラスミドを回収し、ライブラリーの品質を確認した結果、平均インサート長6.8キロベース、インサート保持率80%以上の約20,000の独立したクローンから構成されるライブラリーが構築できた。
サッカロミケス・セレビシエにおいて分岐鎖アミノ酸アミノトランスフェラーゼをコードするBAT1及びBAT2遺伝子を破壊した場合、イソロイシン・バリン・ロイシン要求性になることが知られている。しかし、ジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシーにおいては、分岐鎖アミノ酸アミノトランスフェラーゼをコードする遺伝子を破壊してもロイシン要求性にはならなかった。
醤油由来のZ3株において、BAT1遺伝子とARO8遺伝子の機能を同時に欠損させた場合に不快臭が低減するのかを実証するために、BAT1遺伝子とARO8遺伝子の二重破壊株を作製した。
次に、Z3親株、Z3bat1Δ/bat1Δ株およびZ3bat1Δ/bat1Δ aro8Δ/aro8Δ株の不快臭成分の生成量を測定した。
次に、実際の醤油において同様の効果が得られるかどうか検証した。
市販の醤油を2倍希釈したサンプル10ミリリットルをプラスチックシャーレに入れ、被検菌を植菌し、30度で7日間培養した。その結果、図8に示すとおり、試験に供したZ3bat1Δ/bat1Δ株およびZ3bat1Δ/bat1Δ aro8Δ/aro8Δ株は、親株と同様に醤油表面に産膜を形成した。次に、6ミリリットルの醤油を回収し、3mlのジエチルエーテルを加え香気成分を抽出し、前述の方法と同様に不快臭成分の生成量を測定した。その結果、図9に示すとおり、Z3bat1Δ/bat1Δ株では、不快臭成分であるイソ吉草酸の生成量は減少し(親株比で0.27)、イソ酪酸や2−メチルブタン酸の生成も顕著に減少した(それぞれ親株比で0.18、0.07)。さらに、2つのARO8遺伝子を追加で破壊したZ3bat1Δ/bat1Δ aro8Δ/aro8Δ株では、イソ酪酸、2−メチルブタン酸およびイソ吉草酸全ての生成量が顕著に減少した(それぞれ親株比で0.1、0.01、0.02)。これらの結果から、BAT1遺伝子の破壊だけでも不快臭の生成を抑制するのに効果的であるが、BAT1遺伝子に加えさらにARO8遺伝子を破壊することで、より効果的に不快臭成分の生成を抑制できることが醤油においても示された。
Claims (6)
- BAT1をコードする遺伝子の機能が欠損している、ジゴサッカロミケス属酵母。
- BAT1をコードする遺伝子およびARO8をコードする遺伝子の機能が欠損している、ジゴサッカロミケス属酵母。
- BAT1をコードする遺伝子および/またはARO8をコードする遺伝子の機能が欠損することにより、イソ酪酸、2−メチルブタン酸およびイソ吉草酸の生成量が、欠損していない親株に比較していずれも50%以下となっている、請求項1または2に記載のジゴサッカロミケス属酵母。
- ジゴサッカロミケス属酵母がジゴサッカロミケス・ルキシー(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii)である請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の酵母。
- 製造工程において、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の酵母を添加することを特徴とする発酵食品。
- 発酵食品が醤油または味噌である、請求項5に記載の食品。
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