JP2016028258A - Coating part of corrosion environment detection sensor for concrete structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の腐食環境を検出する腐食センサの被覆部に関する。 The present invention relates to a coating portion of a corrosion sensor that detects a corrosive environment of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure.
従来から、コンクリート構造物を診断するセンサが知られている。例えば、特許文献１には、検知対象物の使用環境下で検知対象物の金属より腐食し易い金属またはアルカリ溶解性金属からなるベース材、およびベース材の少なくとも一部を被覆して形成され、検知対象物の使用環境下で腐食する金属からなる被膜により形成される検知部と、検知部を保持するための基材と、から構成された腐食センサが開示されている。 Conventionally, a sensor for diagnosing a concrete structure is known. For example, Patent Document 1 is formed by covering a base material made of a metal or an alkali-soluble metal that is more easily corroded than the metal of the detection object under the usage environment of the detection object, and covering at least a part of the base material, A corrosion sensor is disclosed that includes a detection unit formed by a coating made of a metal that corrodes under the environment in which the detection target is used, and a base material for holding the detection unit.
また、特許文献２には、コンクリート構造物中に埋設される鋼材の腐食進行状況を診断するのに用いる腐食センサが開示されている。この腐食センサは、腐食検出部で、測定対象物または測定対象物の近傍に敷設される検出用部材を有し、金属製の検出用部材の腐食を、検出用部材の電気的特性を測定することにより検出する。そして、腐食の検出結果を読取装置に対して無線送信する。この構成により、電気的特性の変化から検出用部材の腐食を検出することができ、鉄筋、ＰＣ鋼線、鋼製シース管等の鋼材の腐食が生じているかどうかを予想することを可能としている。 Patent Document 2 discloses a corrosion sensor used for diagnosing the progress of corrosion of a steel material embedded in a concrete structure. This corrosion sensor is a corrosion detection unit and has a detection member laid in the vicinity of the measurement object or the measurement object, and measures the corrosion of the metal detection member and measures the electrical characteristics of the detection member. To detect. Then, the corrosion detection result is wirelessly transmitted to the reading device. With this configuration, the corrosion of the detection member can be detected from the change in the electrical characteristics, and it is possible to predict whether or not the steel material such as the reinforcing bar, the PC steel wire, and the steel sheath tube is corroded. .
しかしながら、従来の腐食センサでは、腐食因子を検出するセンサは、基本的に、腐食因子に、直接、触れることを前提に設計されている。ここで、腐食因子とは、塩化物イオン、炭酸ガス、等々の個々の腐食に関する物質と、これらの温度、湿度の環境因子を含めた概念である。これらのセンサをコンクリート構造物中に設置する場合、コンクリートの打設時に、センサが傷つく可能性があった。また、センサ近傍に空隙ができ、正確な検知が妨げられる場合があった。また、細鉄線を検知部とした腐食検知センサでは、検知部となる鉄部材が、コンクリートに埋設されるまでに錆びてしまうことがあるため、鉄部材が錆びないようにする必要があった。さらに、既存のコンクリート構造物へ取り付ける場合は、コンクリート構造物の局部に削孔等をおこないセンサを設置することになるが、この場合にも、上記と同様の課題が存在していた。 However, in the conventional corrosion sensor, the sensor for detecting the corrosion factor is basically designed on the assumption that the corrosion factor is directly touched. Here, the corrosion factor is a concept including substances relating to individual corrosion such as chloride ions and carbon dioxide, and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. When these sensors are installed in a concrete structure, the sensors may be damaged when the concrete is placed. In addition, there is a gap in the vicinity of the sensor, which may prevent accurate detection. Further, in a corrosion detection sensor using a fine iron wire as a detection unit, an iron member that becomes a detection unit may rust before being embedded in concrete, and thus it is necessary to prevent the iron member from being rusted. Furthermore, when attaching to an existing concrete structure, a hole is drilled in a local part of the concrete structure and a sensor is installed. In this case as well, the same problem as described above exists.
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、センサを保護し、センサ付近の粗大な空隙の発生を回避して、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の腐食環境の正確な検出を可能とすると共に、コンクリートのブリーディング水等の影響による腐食の進展を回避して、センサ設置自体の影響を排しながら、センサの設置作業を容易にし、作業工程の短縮化を図ることができる腐食センサおよび腐食センサの設置方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can accurately detect the corrosive environment of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure by protecting the sensor and avoiding the generation of coarse voids in the vicinity of the sensor. Corrosion sensor that makes it easy to install the sensor and shorten the work process while avoiding the progress of corrosion due to the influence of concrete bleeding water, etc. And it aims at providing the installation method of a corrosion sensor.
即ち、コンクリート躯体の強度、耐久性、耐力に悪影響を及ぼすことがなく、検知感度の高い鉄筋腐食環境検知センサの実現、鉄筋コンクリート内部の鉄筋に近接した位置に取り付け、鉄筋近傍に浸食する腐食因子が鉄筋に到達する前に捉えることのできる腐食環境検知センサの実現を課題とする。 In other words, there is no adverse effect on the strength, durability, and proof strength of the concrete frame, the realization of a rebar corrosion environment detection sensor with high detection sensitivity, the attachment of the rebar concrete inside the position close to the rebar, and the corrosion factor that erodes near the rebar. The realization of a corrosive environment detection sensor that can be caught before reaching the reinforcing bar is an issue.
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明の腐食センサは、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の腐食環境を検出するセンサであって、鉄筋を腐食させる因子（以下、腐食因子）のコンクリートへの浸透状態を検出し、前記腐食因子の浸透状態を示すデータを出力する検出部と、前記検出部を被覆する腐食因子の浸透を妨げないセンサ被覆部（以下、被覆部）と埋設対象である構造物の耐力を低下させない強度をもつセンサ外装（以下、外装部）と、を備えることを特徴としている。 In order to achieve the above object, a corrosion sensor of the present invention is a sensor for detecting a corrosive environment of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure, and a factor that corrodes the reinforcing bar (hereinafter referred to as a corrosion factor) is infiltrated into the concrete. Of the structure that is to be embedded and a detection unit that outputs data indicating the penetration state of the corrosion factor, a sensor coating unit (hereinafter referred to as a coating unit) that does not prevent the penetration of the corrosion factor that covers the detection unit And a sensor exterior (hereinafter referred to as an exterior part) having a strength that does not decrease the proof stress.
このように、検出部を被覆する腐食因子の浸透を妨げない被覆部は、塩分等に代表される腐食因子の浸透を妨げず、更には代表的な使用材料としてコンクリート、モルタルまたはセメントペーストで被覆するため、検出部の保護機能が飛躍的に向上し、検査対象の構造物のコンクリート中へ容易に設置することが可能となる。また、検出部が鉄部材である場合は、コンクリート、モルタルまたはペースト内でアルカリ環境下に置かれることから、検出部が不動態被膜で覆われる。その結果、コンクリート、モルタルまたはペースト内部に置かれていない検出部と比較すると錆びにくくなり、設置時の取扱いが容易となる。 In this way, the coating part that does not prevent the penetration of the corrosion factor covering the detection part does not hinder the penetration of the corrosion factor typified by salt, etc., and is further coated with concrete, mortar or cement paste as a typical material to be used. For this reason, the protection function of the detection unit is greatly improved, and the structure to be inspected can be easily installed in the concrete. When the detection unit is an iron member, it is placed in an alkaline environment in concrete, mortar, or paste, so that the detection unit is covered with a passive film. As a result, it becomes hard to rust compared with the detection part which is not placed in concrete, mortar or paste, and handling at the time of installation becomes easy.
（２）また、本発明の腐食センサにおいて、外装部は、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の強度を有する材料で成形されており、アルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化珪素、炭化珪素に代表されるファインセラミックス材料、或いは、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の強度を有するコンクリート、モルタル若しくはペーストが用いられており、被覆部は、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の腐食因子の浸透性状を有する材料であるコンクリート、モルタル若しくはペーストで成形されていることを特徴としている。 (2) Further, in the corrosion sensor of the present invention, the exterior part is formed of a material having a strength equal to or higher than that of the concrete of the structure to be inspected, and is represented by alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide. Fine ceramic material or concrete, mortar, or paste with strength equal to or higher than the concrete of the structure to be inspected is used, and the coating part has penetration of corrosion factors equal to or higher than the concrete of the structure to be inspected. It is characterized by being formed of concrete, mortar or paste, which is a material having properties.
このように、センサの強度を支配的に決定する外装部は検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の強度を有しているため検査対象の構造物のコンクリート中に設置した後も、強度が確保され、欠陥が発生する可能性がない。また、被覆部は、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の腐食因子の浸透性状を有する材料であるコンクリート、モルタル若しくはペーストで成形されているので、腐食因子の浸透性状が、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上となり、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の腐食環境を正確にかつ腐食因子が鉄筋に到達する前に検出することが可能となる。 In this way, the exterior part that predominantly determines the strength of the sensor has a strength equal to or greater than that of the concrete of the structure to be inspected. Secured and there is no possibility of defects. Moreover, since the covering portion is formed of concrete, mortar, or paste, which is a material having a permeability of a corrosion factor equivalent to or higher than that of the concrete of the structure to be inspected, the permeability of the corrosion factor is determined by the structure to be inspected. As a result, the corrosive environment of the reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete structure can be detected accurately and before the corrosion factor reaches the reinforcing bars.
（３）さらに、前記被覆部は、空気量５〜４０％であるモルタルであり、本モルタルは、前記検出部を被覆し、コンクリートに接するまでの厚みが２〜５ｍｍであることを特徴とする（１）又は（２）記載の腐食センサ、を提供する。これにより、センサの検出機能をよりたかめつつ、検査対象物への強度面での影響を小さくできる。 (3) Further, the covering portion is a mortar having an air amount of 5 to 40%, and the mortar covers the detection portion and has a thickness of 2 to 5 mm until contacting the concrete. A corrosion sensor according to (1) or (2) is provided. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the influence of the strength on the inspection object while further increasing the detection function of the sensor.
このように、前記空気量と厚みを有する被覆部は、塩分等に代表される腐食因子の浸透を妨げず、腐食を迅速かつ的確に検知することができ、外装部は圧縮強度２０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上のモルタルを用いているためにセンサ全体としての強度が保持され、構造物の耐力を低下させることはない。 As described above, the covering portion having the air amount and thickness does not hinder the penetration of corrosion factors represented by salt and the like, and can detect corrosion quickly and accurately, and the exterior portion has a compressive strength of 20 N / mm 2. Since the above mortar is used, the strength of the entire sensor is maintained, and the proof stress of the structure is not reduced.
（４）また、本発明の腐食センサにおいて、前記外装部は、少なくとも、その一部に円孤、又は楕円孤の輪郭を有することを特徴とする。こうして、ブリーディング水がセンサ周辺に溜まらない形状として、腐食現象がセンサ周辺において局所的に発生しないようにすることができる。 (4) Moreover, the corrosion sensor of this invention WHEREIN: The said exterior part has the outline of a circular arc or an elliptical arc at least in part. In this way, it is possible to prevent the corrosion phenomenon from occurring locally around the sensor as a shape in which bleeding water does not collect around the sensor.
（５）また、本発明の腐食センサにおいて、前記検出部は、前記データを無線信号で出力することを特徴としている。 (5) Moreover, the corrosion sensor of this invention WHEREIN: The said detection part outputs the said data with a radio signal, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
このように、データを無線信号で出力するので、ケーブルをコンクリートから引き出す必要がなくなり、ケーブルとコンクリートとの隙間から腐食因子が浸入することを回避することが可能となる。 As described above, since the data is output as a radio signal, it is not necessary to pull out the cable from the concrete, and it is possible to avoid the invasion of the corrosion factor from the gap between the cable and the concrete.
このように、検出部をコンクリート、モルタルまたはペーストで被覆するため、検出部の保護機能が飛躍的に向上し、検査対象の構造物のコンクリート中へ容易に設置することが可能となる。また、検出部が鉄部材である場合は、コンクリート、モルタルまたはペースト内でアルカリ環境下に置かれることから、検出部が不動態被膜で覆われる。その結果、コンクリート、モルタルまたはペースト内部に置かれていない検出部と比較すると錆びにくくなり、取扱いが容易となる。また、被覆部は、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の腐食因子の浸透性状を有するコンクリート、モルタル若しくはペーストで成形されているので、腐食因子の浸透性状が、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上となり、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の腐食環境を正確にかつ腐食因子が鉄筋に到達する前に検出することが可能となる。また、外装部は、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の強度を有するコンクリート、モルタル若しくはペーストで成形されているので、検査対象の構造物のコンクリート中に設置した後も、強度が確保されるため、欠陥が発生する可能性を極めて低くすることが可能となる。 As described above, since the detection unit is covered with concrete, mortar, or paste, the protection function of the detection unit is greatly improved, and the detection unit can be easily installed in the concrete of the structure to be inspected. When the detection unit is an iron member, it is placed in an alkaline environment in concrete, mortar, or paste, so that the detection unit is covered with a passive film. As a result, it becomes hard to rust compared with a detection part that is not placed in concrete, mortar, or paste, and handling becomes easy. In addition, since the covering portion is formed of concrete, mortar or paste having a permeability of a corrosion factor equivalent to or higher than the concrete of the structure to be inspected, the permeability of the corrosion factor is the concrete of the structure to be inspected. Therefore, the corrosive environment of the reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete structure can be accurately detected before the corrosion factor reaches the reinforcing bars. In addition, the exterior part is formed of concrete, mortar, or paste having a strength equal to or greater than the concrete of the structure to be inspected, so that the strength is ensured even after installation in the concrete of the structure to be inspected. Therefore, the possibility of occurrence of defects can be extremely reduced.
また、本発明の腐食センサは、検出対象の構造物に内部の鉄筋近傍に設置し、設置後、コンクリートを打ち込んだ際にセンサ周辺にブリーディング水が偏在し、その影響による腐食が進展しないように、外装部は、少なくとも、その一部に円孤、又は楕円孤の輪郭を有することを特徴としている。 In addition, the corrosion sensor of the present invention is installed in the vicinity of the internal rebar in the structure to be detected, and when the concrete is driven after installation, bleeding water is unevenly distributed around the sensor so that corrosion due to the influence does not progress. The exterior portion is characterized in that at least a part thereof has a circular arc or elliptical arc outline.
本願は、高強度モルタル等で構成された外装部と、鉄筋腐食因子である塩分、水分、酸素の浸透を妨げない、センサ表面を保護する被覆部と、検出部と、を含む腐食センサである。
センサ自身を取付作業や取り扱い時に壊れることのない強度が必要であるとともに、外装部は、本願発明を組み込んだ躯体コンクリート全体の強度を低下させない強度を有するものであれば、通常のコンクリート、モルタル、アルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化珪素、炭化珪素に代表されるセラミックス材料で成形して製造する。成形は、型枠、鋳込、押出成形等、通常の方法を用いることができる。
The present application is a corrosion sensor including an exterior part composed of high-strength mortar and the like, a covering part that protects the sensor surface that does not impede penetration of salt, moisture, and oxygen, which are rebar corrosion factors, and a detection part. .
As long as the sensor itself needs to have strength that does not break during mounting and handling, and the exterior part has strength that does not decrease the strength of the entire concrete frame incorporating the present invention, ordinary concrete, mortar, It is manufactured by molding with a ceramic material typified by alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride and silicon carbide. The molding can be performed by a usual method such as mold, casting, extrusion molding or the like.
被覆部は、センサ自身の耐力に影響しない程度の小さな体積占有率であることが好ましい。例えば、図１の肉厚平板形状の外装部の表層に凹部を設け、検出部を装着し、凹部を埋め込み被覆部とすることができる。こうして、その強度がセンサ全体の強度低下につながらない被覆部を形成でき、被覆部は表面だけが露出する形状とし、センサ全体の耐力が躯体の耐力に影響を及ぼさないようにすることができる。 The covering portion preferably has a small volume occupation ratio that does not affect the proof stress of the sensor itself. For example, it is possible to provide a concave portion on the surface layer of the thick flat plate-shaped exterior portion shown in FIG. In this way, a covering portion whose strength does not lead to a decrease in the strength of the entire sensor can be formed, and the covering portion can have a shape in which only the surface is exposed, so that the proof strength of the entire sensor does not affect the proof strength of the housing.
被覆部は、空気量が５〜４０％のモルタルであることが好ましい。被覆部は、空気量が５％未満と低すぎると、腐食因子の検出部への到達速度が遅延し、鉄筋の腐食環境の進展を検知する感度が低下する。また、４０％を越えると、被覆部の強度が低いためにセンサ全体としての強度が低下し、構造物の耐力を低下させてしまう虞がある。ここで空気量とは、練り混ぜ直後のモルタルの試験体の体積に対する空気量の体積割合であり、ＪＩＳ Ａ１１１６「フレッシュコンクリートの単位容積質量試験方法及び空気量の質量による試験方法（質量方法）」に規定されるものである。被覆部厚さは、２〜５ｍｍであることが好ましい。被覆部厚さを２ｍｍ未満とすると、被覆部の強度が不十分となり、設置まで、あるいは設置時に割れるなどの損傷の虞がある。５ｍｍより厚くとすると、センサ全体としての強度が低下してしまい、構造物の耐力を低下させてしまう虞がある。 The covering portion is preferably a mortar having an air amount of 5 to 40%. When the amount of air is too low, such as 5%, the covering portion delays the arrival speed of the corrosion factor to the detection portion, and the sensitivity to detect the progress of the corrosive environment of the reinforcing bar is lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 40%, the strength of the entire sensor is reduced because the strength of the covering portion is low, and the yield strength of the structure may be reduced. Here, the amount of air is the volume ratio of the amount of air to the volume of the mortar specimen immediately after mixing, and JIS A1116 “Test method for unit volume mass of fresh concrete and test method (mass method) by mass of air” It is stipulated in. The covering portion thickness is preferably 2 to 5 mm. If the thickness of the covering portion is less than 2 mm, the strength of the covering portion becomes insufficient, and there is a risk of damage such as cracking until installation or during installation. If it is thicker than 5 mm, the strength of the entire sensor is lowered, and the proof stress of the structure may be lowered.
被覆部を形成する前段のモルタルは、空気量５〜３０％のものについては、通常のモルタル、あるいは保湿剤を配合して、空気量を制御することができる。しかし、空気量が２０％を超える場合には、起泡剤を混合して製造したモルタル、或いは、プレフォーム型気泡モルタル（以下、気泡モルタル。）を用いて形成することもでき、気泡モルタルの空気量は１０〜４０％が好ましい。 As for the mortar in the previous stage for forming the covering portion, when the amount of air is 5 to 30%, the amount of air can be controlled by blending a normal mortar or a humectant. However, when the amount of air exceeds 20%, it can be formed using a mortar produced by mixing a foaming agent, or a preform type cell mortar (hereinafter referred to as cell mortar). The amount of air is preferably 10 to 40%.
検出部は金属箔を用いる腐食センサであり、因子の侵入によりセンサ自身が腐食し、抵抗、インピーダンスのような電気特性の変化によって腐食環境の変化を捉えるセンサを用いる。
鉄箔に回路形成した検知部を用いるのが好ましい。
The detection unit is a corrosion sensor that uses a metal foil, and the sensor itself corrodes due to intrusion of factors, and uses a sensor that captures changes in the corrosive environment by changes in electrical characteristics such as resistance and impedance.
It is preferable to use a detection unit in which a circuit is formed on an iron foil.
外装部は、少なくとも、その一部に円孤、又は楕円孤の輪郭をもって形成し、例えば、図１のような肉厚平板状とすることができる。このとき、ブリーディング水は、円孤、楕円孤の輪郭に沿って上昇し、センサ周辺に溜まらない。腐食現象が局所的に発生しないようにし、センサ自体の設置の影響を極力小さくすることができる。 The exterior part is formed with a circular arc or elliptical arc outline at least at a part thereof, and can be formed into a thick flat plate shape as shown in FIG. At this time, the bleeding water rises along the outline of the circular arc and the elliptic arc and does not collect around the sensor. Corrosion phenomenon does not occur locally, and the influence of installation of the sensor itself can be minimized.
また、本発明の腐食センサにおいて、前記検出部は、ＲＦＩＤタグに接続した、前記データを無線信号で出力することもできる。このように、データを無線信号で出力するので、ケーブルをコンクリートから引き出す必要がなくなり、ケーブルとコンクリートとの隙間から腐食因子が浸入することを回避することができる。 In the corrosion sensor of the present invention, the detection unit can output the data connected to an RFID tag as a radio signal. As described above, since the data is output as a wireless signal, it is not necessary to pull out the cable from the concrete, and the invasion of the corrosion factor from the gap between the cable and the concrete can be avoided.
本発明によれば、検出部を外装部と被覆部の２種以上の部材で保護するため、被覆部が環境因子の浸透、到達を容易にしながら、検出部の保護機能が飛躍的に向上し、センサの設置による検査対象の構造物のコンクリートへの影響を小さくすることが可能となる。 According to the present invention, since the detection part is protected by two or more members of the exterior part and the covering part, the covering part facilitates the penetration and arrival of environmental factors, while the protection function of the detection part is greatly improved. In addition, it is possible to reduce the influence of the structure to be inspected on the concrete by installing the sensor.
以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。本実施形態に係る腐食センサでは、検出部を外装部に装着し、モルタルで被覆する構成である。図１は、矩形の検出部１１およびその外装部１２を示す模式図である。検出部１１は、例えば、鉄箔を用いて、長方形や正方形、円形、梯子状、階段状など、任意の形状とすることができる。検出部１１は、外装部の凹部１３にセットし、その表面を被覆部１４で、コートする。被覆部１４は、外装部の凹部１３全体を被覆しても良い（図１（ａ））。被覆は、その一部にとどまってもよい（図１（ｂ））。検出部１１の寸法は、モルタルに使用している骨材の最大骨材寸法よりも大きいことが好ましい。本実施形態では、検出部１１の矩形の一辺の寸法を２０ｍｍ×３０ｍｍとし、外装部の短軸、長軸寸法を６０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍとしている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the corrosion sensor according to the present embodiment, the detection part is mounted on the exterior part and covered with mortar. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a rectangular detector 11 and its exterior 12. The detection unit 11 can be formed into an arbitrary shape such as a rectangle, a square, a circle, a ladder, or a staircase using, for example, an iron foil. The detection part 11 is set in the concave part 13 of the exterior part, and the surface is coated with the covering part 14. The covering portion 14 may cover the entire concave portion 13 of the exterior portion (FIG. 1A). The coating may remain part of it (FIG. 1 (b)). The size of the detection unit 11 is preferably larger than the maximum aggregate size of the aggregate used in the mortar. In this embodiment, the dimension of one side of the rectangle of the detection unit 11 is 20 mm × 30 mm, and the minor axis and major axis dimension of the exterior part are 60 mm × 90 mm.
例えば、細骨材で考えた場合、１０ｍｍのふるいを全通することが条件であるため、検出部の矩形の一辺の寸法を１０ｍｍ×１０ｍｍ程度の大きさ以上とする。また、検出部と被覆部表面の間隙が小さい場合、コンクリートと接するモルタル面の直上に、コンクリートの骨材が配置される可能性があり、この場合は検出部の寸法がコンクリート骨材よりも小さいと検知感度に影響を受けることが推測される。 For example, in the case of a fine aggregate, since it is a condition that a 10 mm sieve is passed through, the size of one side of the rectangle of the detection unit is set to a size of about 10 mm × 10 mm or more. In addition, when the gap between the detection portion and the surface of the covering portion is small, there is a possibility that a concrete aggregate may be disposed immediately above the mortar surface in contact with the concrete. In this case, the size of the detection portion is smaller than the concrete aggregate. It is estimated that it is affected by the detection sensitivity.
一方、検出部の面積が極端に大きくなる、すなわち埋設するセンサの大きさが著しく大きい場合は、設置するコンクリートの物性と異なるため、変状が生じる可能性があり好ましくない。例えば、６００ｍｍ×８００ｍｍでは好ましくない。外装部１２は、モルタル・コンクリートに不具合を生じない材料で、腐食因子による反応性が無い材料であれば種類を問わない。例えば、ＰＥＴ材やポリイミドなどの高分子樹脂をはじめ、アルミナのような耐食性の高いファインセラミックス基材でも使用できる。高分子樹脂やファインセラミックスは、薄肉化が容易に可能である。 On the other hand, when the area of the detection unit becomes extremely large, that is, when the size of the sensor to be embedded is remarkably large, the physical properties of the concrete to be installed are different. For example, 600 mm × 800 mm is not preferable. The exterior portion 12 is a material that does not cause defects in mortar / concrete, and may be of any type as long as it has no reactivity due to corrosion factors. For example, a high-corrosion-resistant fine ceramic substrate such as alumina can be used as well as a polymer resin such as PET material and polyimide. Polymer resin and fine ceramics can be easily thinned.
なお、本実施形態では、検出部１１を、例えば、櫛形の金属で形成しても良いし、鋸歯状の金属で形成しても良い。 In the present embodiment, the detection unit 11 may be formed of, for example, a comb-shaped metal or a saw-toothed metal.
図２は、変形楕円板型に成形した腐食センサの正投影図であり、変形楕円板型に成形した腐食センサの正面図（ａ）、右側面図（ｂ）、左側面図（ｃ）、底面図（ｄ）である。背面図は、正面図と輪郭が同一の図である。平面図は、底面図と同一である。腐食センサ１０において、検出部１１の被覆部は、直方体型、立方体型、プレート型、円筒型、階段型など、設置に不具合が無ければ任意の形状として良い。しかし、プレート型等の平板形状が特に好ましい。外装部１２は、円孤を両端に有する輪郭をもつ厚肉平板状（全長９２ｍｍ）である。これに、段差のある凹部を設け、浅い段部（約３ｍｍ）に検出部を貼り付けた。深い段部１０ｍｍには、ＩＣ基板等の付属物を収納することができ、外装左部から、リード線を引きだす構造である。この凹部に検出部をセットしたのち、所定モルタルを流し込み硬化させて、検出器の被覆部とした。被覆部は、凹部のうち浅い段部を埋めた部分となる。このとき、外装部の凹部の水平面を越えて、被覆部を盛り上げても良いが、その厚みは、５ｍｍ以下であることが、好ましい。深い段部も、斜面状の部分もモルタルで同時に埋め込むことができる。 FIG. 2 is an orthographic view of a corrosion sensor molded into a deformed ellipsoidal plate, a front view (a), a right side view (b), a left side view (c), It is a bottom view (d). The rear view is the same outline as the front view. The plan view is the same as the bottom view. In the corrosion sensor 10, the covering portion of the detection unit 11 may have an arbitrary shape such as a rectangular parallelepiped type, a cubic type, a plate type, a cylindrical type, and a staircase type as long as there is no problem in installation. However, a plate shape such as a plate type is particularly preferable. The exterior part 12 is a thick flat plate shape (total length: 92 mm) having a contour with circular arcs at both ends. A recess with a step was provided on this, and the detection unit was attached to a shallow step (about 3 mm). An accessory such as an IC substrate can be stored in the deep step portion 10 mm, and the lead wire is drawn out from the left portion of the exterior. After setting a detection part in this recessed part, predetermined mortar was poured and hardened, and it was set as the coating | coated part of the detector. The covering portion is a portion in which a shallow step portion is buried in the recess. At this time, the covering portion may be raised beyond the horizontal surface of the concave portion of the exterior portion, but the thickness is preferably 5 mm or less. Both deep steps and sloped parts can be embedded simultaneously with mortar.
被覆部の寸法は、上記の検出部の寸法と同様の理由により、小さすぎても大きすぎても好ましくない。図２に示すように、浅い段部（深さ約３ｍｍ）で検出部を被覆する被覆部の寸法は、例えば、５０ｍｍ〜６０ｍｍ、厚さは５ｍｍ以下である。被覆部厚は、小さいほうが検知感度の向上に繋がる等の理由で、２ｍｍ〜５ｍｍ程度とするのが好ましい。 For the same reason as the dimension of the detection part, it is not preferable that the dimension of the covering part is too small or too large. As shown in FIG. 2, the dimensions of the covering portion that covers the detection portion with a shallow step (depth of about 3 mm) are, for example, 50 mm to 60 mm, and the thickness is 5 mm or less. The coating portion thickness is preferably about 2 mm to 5 mm for the reason that a smaller thickness leads to an improvement in detection sensitivity.
［外装部について］
コンクリートとは、セメント、水、細骨材、粗骨材および必要に応じて加える混和材料を構成材料とし、これらを練り混ぜその他の方法によって混合したもの、または硬化させたものをいう。モルタルとは、セメント、水、細骨材および必要に応じて加える混和材料を構成材料とし、これらを練り混ぜその他の方法によって混合したもの、または硬化させたものをいう。ペーストとは、セメント、水および必要に応じて加える混和材料を構成材料とし、これらを練り混ぜその他の方法によって混合したもの、または硬化させたものをいう。細骨材とは、１０ｍｍ網ふるいを全部通り、５ｍｍ網ふるいを質量で８５％以上通る骨材をいう。粗骨材とは、５ｍｍ網ふるいに質量で８５％以上とどまる骨材をいう。外装部は、コンクリートを用いた。外装部の強度は、対象となる建造物のコンクリートの圧縮強度より高いことが好ましい。
[Exterior]
Concrete refers to cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and an admixture added as necessary, which are mixed and mixed by other methods or hardened. The mortar is a mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate, and an admixture material to be added as necessary, which are kneaded and mixed by other methods, or hardened. The paste refers to a cement, water, and an admixture that is added as necessary, which constitutes a constituent material, and these are kneaded and mixed by other methods or cured. The fine aggregate refers to an aggregate that passes through all of the 10 mm screen and passes through the 5 mm screen by 85% or more. Coarse aggregate is an aggregate that remains 85% or more by mass on a 5 mm screen. Concrete was used for the exterior part. The strength of the exterior part is preferably higher than the compressive strength of the concrete of the target building.
［被覆部について］
被覆部は、主に、気泡モルタルでない場合は、空気量が５〜３０％とし、気泡モルタルについては、空気量が１０〜４０％とすることが好ましい。センサ自身の耐力に影響しない程度の小さな体積占有率で、図２の肉厚平板形状の外装部の表層に凹部を設け、凹部に検出部を装着し、これをコートし、埋め込む。被覆部は露出している。
[About the coating]
When the covering portion is mainly not a bubble mortar, the amount of air is preferably 5 to 30%, and the amount of air is preferably 10 to 40% for the bubble mortar. A concave portion is provided on the surface layer of the thick plate-shaped exterior portion of FIG. 2 with a small volume occupation ratio that does not affect the proof stress of the sensor itself, and a detection portion is attached to the concave portion, which is coated and embedded. The covering portion is exposed.
被覆モルタルに使用するセメントは、普通ポルトランドセメント以外に、他のポルトランドセメント、高炉セメントやフライアッシュセメントなどの混合セメントや、あるいは低熱高炉セメントや中庸熱フライアッシュセメントなどを用いることも考えられる。また、市販品に限定するものではなく、混合材の混合比等を換えて製造したセメントでも良い。特に、腐食因子として塩分の浸透による腐食環境を検知しようとした場合、単位容積あたりの被覆モルタルに含まれるＡｌ２Ｏ３の量が影響する。被覆モルタルに含まれるＡｌ２Ｏ３の量は用いるセメント種類と、被覆モルタルの配合等によって決まるが、良好な塩分浸透性を示す単位容積あたりの被覆モルタルに含まれるＡｌ２Ｏ３の量は４０ｇ／Ｌより多いと浸透性がよくなく、望ましくは３２ｇ／Ｌ以下、より望ましくは３０ｇ／Ｌ以下となるように、セメント種類および配合を選定することが好ましい。本Ａｌ２Ｏ３の量は、骨材部分を除き、セメント部分での含有率である。 As the cement used for the coated mortar, in addition to ordinary Portland cement, other Portland cement, mixed cement such as blast furnace cement and fly ash cement, low heat blast furnace cement, intermediate heat fly ash cement and the like may be used. Moreover, it is not limited to a commercial item, The cement manufactured by changing the mixing ratio etc. of a mixing material may be sufficient. In particular, when an attempt is made to detect a corrosive environment due to salt infiltration as a corrosive factor, the amount of Al 2 O 3 contained in the coated mortar per unit volume has an effect. The amount of Al 2 O 3 contained in the coating mortar is determined by the type of cement used, the composition of the coating mortar, etc., but the amount of Al 2 O 3 contained in the coating mortar per unit volume showing good salt permeability is 40 g. When the amount is more than / L, the permeability is not good, and it is preferable to select the cement type and the composition so that it is desirably 32 g / L or less, more desirably 30 g / L or less. The amount of the present Al 2 O 3 is the content in the cement part excluding the aggregate part.
［被覆部モルタルの配合について］
表１に、気泡モルタルでない被覆モルタルの基本配合を示した。
[Composition of coating mortar]
Table 1 shows the basic composition of the coating mortar that is not a bubble mortar.
ここで、セメントは、普通ポルトランドセメント（ＯＰＣ）を用い、ＬＳＰとは、石灰石微粉末であり、Ｗ／Ｃは、水セメント比、Ｗ／Ｐは、水／（セメント＋石灰石微粉末）比、Ｓ／Ｐは、セメントと石灰石微粉末の合量に対する細骨材（Ｓ）の重量比である。ＭＣは、保湿剤（メチルセルロース）、ＴＢは、有機繊維（ポリアミド繊維５ｍｍ長さ）を示した。石灰石微粉末は、ブレーン値４０００のものを使用した。ＭＣは、保湿剤として、初期乾燥の進行を緩和するため、ＴＢは、成形安定性を付与し、ひび割れやそり防止のために使用した。この基本配合に、細骨材を添加した次配合について、空気含有率を変化させて、被覆部として優れたモルタルを見いだした。また、空気量は、ＭＣおよび消泡剤の含有率によってコントロールした。 Here, normal Portland cement (OPC) is used as the cement, LSP is limestone fine powder, W / C is a water cement ratio, W / P is a water / (cement + limestone fine powder) ratio, S / P is the weight ratio of fine aggregate (S) to the total amount of cement and fine limestone powder. MC represents a humectant (methylcellulose), and TB represents an organic fiber (polyamide fiber 5 mm long). The fine limestone powder used had a brain value of 4000. MC, as a moisturizing agent, relieves the progress of initial drying, and TB imparts molding stability and is used to prevent cracking and warping. With regard to the following composition in which fine aggregate was added to this basic composition, the air content was changed, and an excellent mortar was found as a coating part. The amount of air was controlled by the contents of MC and antifoaming agent.
細骨材には豊浦砂を用いた。細骨材は、適宜、その種類、量を変更して用いることができる。なお、水は、一般に上水道水であれば良く、ＪＩＳ適合水でも良い。モルタルの水セメント比（重量％）の範囲は２０％〜７０％程度の範囲で設定することが好ましい。 Toyoura sand was used for the fine aggregate. The fine aggregate can be used by appropriately changing the type and amount thereof. In general, the water may be tap water, or JIS compatible water. The range of the water cement ratio (% by weight) of the mortar is preferably set in the range of about 20% to 70%.
水セメント比は、対象のコンクリートの水セメント比に対して同等であることが最も好ましい。 Most preferably, the water cement ratio is equivalent to the water cement ratio of the target concrete.
図３に、被覆部モルタルのホバートミキサを用いた練混ぜフローを示した。 FIG. 3 shows a mixing flow using a Hobart mixer of the coating part mortar.
表２の配合に細骨材（砂）を、表１のＳ／Ｐ比で、加えた配合を用いて硬化体を作成して、フレッシュ時の空気量、塩分浸透試験、促進中性化試験、強度試験及び目視によるひび割れ確認試験を実施した結果を表３に示した。表２中、ＢＢ：高炉セメント、ＦＡＣ：フライアッシュセメント、ＭＦＣ：中庸熱フライアッシュセメント、ＬＣ：低熱ポルトランドセメント、である。表３は、試験結果一覧例（材齢１４日：細骨材の体積を除いた被覆部単位容積あたりのＡｌ２Ｏ３量は除く）である。なお、フレッシュ時の空気量を除く各試験の評価結果（◎、○、△、▲、×）については、対象と仮定したコンクリート（ＯＰＣを使用、ＬＳＰ添加量２０％、水セメント比５５％、空気量４．３％）、を用いたコンクリートの結果との比により表４に示す基準により評価した。そのときの材齢は１４日である。 A hardened body is prepared using the composition of Table 2 with fine aggregate (sand) added at the S / P ratio of Table 1 to create a hardened body, fresh air amount, salt penetration test, accelerated neutralization test Table 3 shows the results of the strength test and the visual crack confirmation test. In Table 2, BB: blast furnace cement, FAC: fly ash cement, MFC: moderately hot fly ash cement, LC: low heat Portland cement. Table 3 is a list of test results (age 14 days: excluding the amount of Al 2 O 3 per covering unit volume excluding the volume of fine aggregate). In addition, about the evaluation result (◎, ○, △, ▲, ×) of each test excluding the fresh air amount, the assumed concrete (using OPC, LSP addition amount 20%, water cement ratio 55%, The amount of air (4.3%) was evaluated according to the criteria shown in Table 4 based on the ratio to the result of the concrete. The age at that time is 14 days.
空気量は、練り混ぜ直後のモルタルの試験体の体積に対する空気量の体積割合である。ＪＩＳ Ａ１１１６「フレッシュコンクリートの単位容積質量試験方法及び空気量の質量による試験方法（質量方法）」に準拠し、容積４００ｃｍ３の容器を用いて試験を行った。 The amount of air is the volume ratio of the amount of air to the volume of the mortar specimen immediately after mixing. The test was conducted using a container having a capacity of 400 cm 3 in accordance with JIS A1116 “Test method for unit volume mass of fresh concrete and test method based on mass of air amount (mass method)”.
塩分浸透試験および促進中性化試験の試験体は、モルタルを練り混ぜた後、４０×４０×１６０ｍｍの型枠に打ち込み、翌日脱型後、封緘養生で３日間、その後気中養生で５日間後から開始した。塩分浸透試験については、所定の養生経過後の試験体を室温２０℃、水温２０℃±３℃、塩分（ＮａＣｌ）濃度３．０±０．３％の水溶液に浸漬させ、材齢毎に取り出した試験体を割裂し、断面を露出させ、その断面に５％クロム酸カリウム溶液を数回吹きかけ乾燥させた。その後、０．１規定硝酸銀溶液を吹付け白色になった部分を塩分浸透部と考え、その浸透深さをノギスで測定した。促進中性化試験は、ＪＩＳ Ａ１１５３の「コンクリートの促進中性化試験方法」に準拠して行った。 The specimens for the salt penetration test and the accelerated neutralization test were mixed with mortar, then placed in a 40 × 40 × 160 mm mold, demolded the next day, sealed for 3 days, and then air cured for 5 days. It started later. For the salt penetration test, the specimen after the prescribed curing process is immersed in an aqueous solution having a room temperature of 20 ° C., a water temperature of 20 ° C. ± 3 ° C., and a salinity (NaCl) concentration of 3.0 ± 0.3%, and is taken out every age. The test specimen was split to expose the cross section, and a 5% potassium chromate solution was sprayed several times on the cross section and dried. Then, the part which became white by spraying 0.1N silver nitrate solution was considered as the salt penetration part, and the penetration depth was measured with calipers. The accelerated neutralization test was carried out in accordance with JIS A1153 “Accelerated neutralization test method for concrete”.
実験例から塩分の浸透は、Ａｌ２Ｏ３の量が４０ｇ／Ｌを超えた例９を除いて、空気量が５〜３０％程度の試験体で概ね、対象コンクリート以上の浸透深さに達する。また、促進中性化試験においては、対象コンクリートに比較して空気量５％以上のいずれの例も１．３倍の浸透深さに達する。このことは同一材齢において、対象コンクリートに比較して、本実験例では、より深くまで塩分ないしは中性化が進行することを表しており、空気量５〜３０％程度のモルタルを用いて、検出部を２〜５ｍｍ厚で被覆すれば実際の鉄筋まで到達すべき腐食因子の影響を、より早期に感知することが可能となることを示している。測定結果には載せていないが、材齢が進行することにより対象コンクリートに比較し、塩分浸透及び中性化試験の結果については、同程度ないしは差が広がる傾向を確認している。また、ひび割れの有無については、ＭＣおよびＴＢのいずれも添加していない例１８を除いてひび割れは確認されず、コンクリートに埋設されるまでに錆びることもない。例１９、および例２２については、ＴＢの添加量が多いために繊維だまによる欠陥が生じていた。これらのことを勘案すると、Ｗ／Ｃにおいては、３０％〜６０％、ＬＳＰ添加量としては５〜２０％、ＭＣあるいはＴＢのいずれかを添加し、その添加量はＭＣとしては０．１〜１％、ＴＢとしては、０．１〜１％が好ましい。このように、対象と仮定したコンクリートに対して適切な範囲で各材料を配合することで良好な被覆部モルタルを得ることが可能となる。 From the experimental examples, the salt infiltration reaches the penetration depth of the target concrete or more with the test body having an air amount of about 5 to 30% except for Example 9 in which the amount of Al 2 O 3 exceeds 40 g / L. . Further, in the accelerated neutralization test, all examples with an air amount of 5% or more reach a penetration depth 1.3 times that of the target concrete. This means that, in the same age, compared to the target concrete, in this experiment example, salinity or neutralization proceeds deeper, using mortar with an air amount of about 5 to 30%, It shows that if the detection part is covered with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm, the influence of the corrosion factor that should reach the actual reinforcing bar can be sensed earlier. Although it is not listed in the measurement results, it has been confirmed that the results of the salt infiltration and neutralization tests tend to increase to the same extent or the difference as the ages progress, compared to the target concrete. Further, with respect to the presence or absence of cracks, no cracks were confirmed except for Example 18 in which neither MC nor TB was added, and there was no rust before being embedded in concrete. About Example 19 and Example 22, since there was much addition amount of TB, the defect by the fiber dregs had arisen. Considering these, in W / C, 30% to 60%, LSP addition amount is 5 to 20%, either MC or TB is added, and the addition amount is 0.1 to MC. As 1% and TB, 0.1 to 1% is preferable. Thus, it becomes possible to obtain a good covering portion mortar by blending each material in an appropriate range with respect to the concrete assumed as a target.
更に、気泡モルタルで被覆部を形成した実験例について、詳述する。その製造フローを図６に示した。 Further, an experimental example in which the covering portion is formed with bubble mortar will be described in detail. The manufacturing flow is shown in FIG.
表５に気泡被覆モルタルの基本配合を示した。配合名：Ａ０、Ａ３０、Ａ４０およびＡ５５について、有機繊維、保湿剤は用いなかった。起泡剤は、主成分が陰イオン界面活性剤であるものを用いた。 Table 5 shows the basic composition of the bubble-coated mortar. About the compound names: A0, A30, A40 and A55, no organic fiber and humectant were used. As the foaming agent, one whose main component is an anionic surfactant was used.
ここで、セメントは、普通ポルトランドセメント（ＯＰＣ）を用い、Ｗ／Ｃは４５％、Ｓ／Ｐ（セメントと石灰石微粉末の合量に対する細骨材（Ｓ）の重量比）は、１．２５である。本配合について、空気量を変化させて、気泡モルタルの被覆部を作成した。細骨材には豊浦砂を用いた。 Here, normal Portland cement (OPC) is used as the cement, W / C is 45%, and S / P (weight ratio of fine aggregate (S) to the total amount of cement and limestone fine powder) is 1.25. It is. About this formulation, the amount of air was changed and the coating part of the bubble mortar was created. Toyoura sand was used for the fine aggregate.
図６に、気泡モルタル製被覆部のホバートミキサを用いた練混ぜフローを示した。練混ぜは、汎用ミキサを用いて、常温（２０℃）、６０％ＲＨで、５０倍に希釈した陰イオン界面活性剤系起泡剤を発泡機にて発泡させた、混入させた気泡の気泡密度は、０．０４ｇ／ｃｍ３であった。 FIG. 6 shows a mixing flow using a Hobart mixer with a coating part made of foam mortar. Mixing is performed by using a general-purpose mixer and foaming an anionic surfactant-based foaming agent diluted 50 times at room temperature (20 ° C.) and 60% RH with a foaming machine. The density was 0.04 g / cm 3 .
被覆モルタルの厚み、空気量の違いによる腐食因子の浸透性を評価するため、塩分浸透試験、促進中性化試験、目視によるひび割れ確認試験、及び透水試験評価を実施した。試験方法は、前述の通りである。モルタル厚みを制御すれば、腐食因子の検出機能をさらに高めることができる。塩分浸透性能においては厚み５mm以下であれば、空気量５〜４０％の範囲では空気量に関わらず一定の速度で浸透する。一方、炭酸ガスの浸透性は、厚み３ｍｍ未満であれば、空気量５〜４０％の範囲では空気量の影響を受けにくいが、３ｍｍ以上、４ｍｍ未満の厚みであれば空気量１０％以上の配合が十分な浸透性を確保できる。４ｍｍ以上の厚みであれば空気量２０％以上での配合で十分な浸透性を確保できる。後述するが、水分の浸透性は気泡モルタルであれば、どの配合においても通常のモルタルもよりに比べ十分な浸透性が得られる。 In order to evaluate the permeability of the corrosive factors depending on the thickness of the coating mortar and the amount of air, a salt penetration test, an accelerated neutralization test, a visual crack confirmation test, and a water permeability test evaluation were performed. The test method is as described above. If the mortar thickness is controlled, the corrosive factor detection function can be further enhanced. In terms of the salt penetration performance, if the thickness is 5 mm or less, it penetrates at a constant speed regardless of the amount of air in the range of 5 to 40% of air. On the other hand, if the thickness of the carbon dioxide gas is less than 3 mm, it is hardly affected by the air amount in the range of 5 to 40%, but if the thickness is 3 mm or more and less than 4 mm, the air amount is 10% or more. Mixing can ensure sufficient permeability. If the thickness is 4 mm or more, sufficient permeability can be secured by blending with an air amount of 20% or more. As will be described later, if the water permeability is a bubble mortar, sufficient permeability can be obtained in any formulation compared to a normal mortar.
透水試験は、圧力容器内に供試体を設置し、隙間をエポキシ樹脂およびコーキング材（ロジンとパラフィンの混合物；質量比１：１）にてシールした。圧力容器に蓋を取り付け密閉した後、圧力容器内に注水し、窒素ガスを用いて所定の水圧を供試体に加えた。透水試験の概要図を図８に示す。 In the water permeability test, a specimen was placed in a pressure vessel, and the gap was sealed with an epoxy resin and a caulking material (a mixture of rosin and paraffin; mass ratio 1: 1). After the lid was attached to the pressure vessel and sealed, water was poured into the pressure vessel, and a predetermined water pressure was applied to the specimen using nitrogen gas. A schematic diagram of the water permeability test is shown in FIG.
なお、Ａ３０およびＡ４０についてはアウトプット法で試験を実施した。現行品２（実験例１相当品）、現行品３については、インプット法で試験を実施した。 In addition, about A30 and A40, the test was implemented by the output method. The current product 2 (equivalent to Experimental Example 1) and the current product 3 were tested by the input method.
アウトプット法は、供試体に所定の水圧を加えた際に供試体裏面から流出する水量を所定の間隔で測定し、流出する水量が一定となった時の流出量を用いて、（式１）より透水係数を算出した。 In the output method, when a predetermined water pressure is applied to the specimen, the amount of water flowing out from the back of the specimen is measured at a predetermined interval, and the amount of water that flows out when the amount of water flowing out becomes constant is expressed by (Equation 1 ) To calculate the hydraulic conductivity.
ここに、Ｋ：透水係数（ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ）、Ｐ：水圧（ｋｇ／ｃｍ２）、Ｑ：流出量（ｃｍ３／ｓｅｃ）、Ａ：供試体の断面積（ｃｍ２）、ｈ：供試体の高さ（ｃｍ）、ρ：水の密度（０．０００９９８ｋｇ／ｃｍ３）。 Here, K: hydraulic conductivity (cm / sec), P: water pressure (kg / cm 2 ), Q: flow rate (cm 3 / sec), A: cross-sectional area (cm 2 ) of specimen, h: specimen Height (cm), ρ: density of water (0.000998 kg / cm 3 ).
インプット法は、供試体に所定の水圧を所定の時間加えた後、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１１３「コンクリートの引張強度試験方法」に従って供試体を直径方向に割裂し、水の浸透深さを等間隔で７箇所測定した。測定した浸透深さから平均浸透深さを求め、平均浸透深さを用いて（式２）より拡散係数を算出した。また、試験前および試験後の供試体質量から供試体に圧入された水量を求め、その水量を用いて（式３）より透水係数を算出した。 In the input method, a predetermined water pressure is applied to the specimen for a predetermined time, and then the specimen is split in the diametrical direction according to JIS A 1113 “Concrete tensile strength test method”. It was measured. The average penetration depth was determined from the measured penetration depth, and the diffusion coefficient was calculated from (Equation 2) using the average penetration depth. Further, the amount of water press-fitted into the specimen was obtained from the specimen mass before and after the test, and the water permeability was calculated from (Equation 3) using the amount of water.
ここに、βｉ ２：拡散係数（ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃ）、Ｄｍ：平均浸透深さ（ｃｍ）、ｔ：水圧を加えた時間（ｓｅｃ）、α：水圧を加えた時間に関する係数、ξ：水圧の大きさに関する係数。
Where β i 2 : diffusion coefficient (cm 2 / sec), D m : average penetration depth (cm), t: time of applying water pressure (sec), α: coefficient relating to time of applying water pressure, ξ: Coefficient for the magnitude of water pressure.
ここに、Ｋ：透水係数（ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ）、ｑ：供試体に圧入された水量（ｃｍ３）、ｌ：平均浸透深さ（ｃｍ）、ｔ：試験時間（ｓｅｃ）、Ａ：流水に直角な平均面積（ｃｍ２）、Ｐ：水圧（ｋｇ／ｃｍ２）、ρ：水の密度（０．０００９９８ｋｇ／ｃｍ３）。 Here, K: water permeability coefficient (cm / sec), q: amount of water injected into the specimen (cm 3 ), l: average penetration depth (cm), t: test time (sec), A: perpendicular to flowing water Average area (cm 2 ), P: water pressure (kg / cm 2 ), ρ: density of water (0.000998 kg / cm 3 ).
空気量は、配合上の密度（２．１８６ｇ／ｃｍ３）を用いて算出した。更に、図７に空気量と透水係数との関係を示した。空気量と透水係数は、正相関が認められた。 The amount of air was calculated using the density (2.186 g / cm 3 ) on the formulation. Further, FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the air amount and the water permeability. A positive correlation was observed between air volume and hydraulic conductivity.
表６には、気泡モルタルによる被覆モルタルについて、表４の基準による、腐食因子の評価も併記した。空気量１０％以上では、１０−１０より大きな浸透係数値となり、気泡モルタルでないモルタルより浸透係数値は高かった。
空気量１０％以上では、塩分浸透および中性化深さは対象コンクリートに比較していずれの例も１．５倍の浸透深さに達しており、センサへ腐食因子として必要な水の浸透が十分であり、塩分、炭酸ガスの浸透因子の到達も確保できていることを確認した。また、空気量が高いために、ＴＢを用いなくてもひび割れやそりは発生しない。
Table 6 also shows the evaluation of the corrosion factor based on the criteria in Table 4 for the coating mortar with the bubble mortar. When the air content was 10% or more, the permeability coefficient value was larger than 10 −10, and the permeability coefficient value was higher than that of mortar that was not bubble mortar.
When the air volume is 10% or more, the salt penetration and neutralization depths of both examples reach 1.5 times the penetration depth compared to the target concrete, and the penetration of water necessary as a corrosion factor to the sensor. It was confirmed that it was sufficient and the penetration of salinity and carbon dioxide penetration factors could be secured. Further, since the amount of air is high, cracks and warpage do not occur even if TB is not used.
気泡モルタルでないモルタル、気泡モルタルの実験例を通して、空気量５％以上で良好な、腐食因子の浸透が確認できた。空気量が４０％を越えると、センサ全体としての耐力、装着したコンクリートの圧縮強度を損ねるおそれがあるという理由で被覆部モルタルとして適さない場合がある。
気泡モルタルでないモルタルの実験例では、水セメント比、保湿剤、有機繊維の所定条件で、５〜３０％の空気量で、センサ被覆部の性能、全体のセンサとしての性能を保持することができた。
また、気泡モルタルの実験例では、気泡モルタルを用いて、保湿剤、有機繊維の有無を問わず、所定空気量（１０〜４０％）を保持することで、被覆部モルタルの性能、全体のセンサ性能を発揮できた。
Through the experimental examples of mortars that are not bubble mortar and bubble mortar, good penetration of corrosion factors was confirmed at an air amount of 5% or more. If the amount of air exceeds 40%, the strength of the entire sensor and the compressive strength of the attached concrete may be impaired.
In the experimental example of mortar that is not a bubble mortar, the performance of the sensor covering part and the performance of the whole sensor can be maintained with 5-30% air amount under the predetermined conditions of water cement ratio, moisturizer, and organic fiber. It was.
Moreover, in the experiment example of the bubble mortar, the performance of the covering portion mortar and the entire sensor are maintained by using the bubble mortar to maintain a predetermined air amount (10 to 40%) regardless of the presence or absence of the moisturizing agent and the organic fiber. We were able to demonstrate performance.
［埋設物］
腐食センサは、検出部、外装部、被覆部を一体としたセンサ（基板等を含めて良い）と、ケーブル（無線の場合は不要）を外装部に埋設することもできる。また、無線方式（ＲＦＩＤ方式）の場合は、ＲＦＩＤタグ部を外装部に埋設してもよく、図の通り、別途、設置することもできる。このとき共に、ワイヤレスのセンサとする。無線方式は、新設構造物、既設構造物の維持管理において、効率化だけでなくデータの保持や、長期耐久性の観点でも極めて有効な手段である。特に、既設構造物に埋設する場合、削孔部の躯体表面近傍は入念な補修が必要となり、無線であることのメリットは大きい。
[Bed objects]
The corrosion sensor can embed a sensor (including a substrate or the like) in which a detection unit, an exterior unit, and a cover unit are integrated, and a cable (unnecessary in the case of wireless) in the exterior unit. In the case of a wireless system (RFID system), the RFID tag part may be embedded in the exterior part, or may be separately installed as shown in the figure. At this time, a wireless sensor is used. The wireless system is an extremely effective means for maintaining and managing new structures and existing structures, not only in terms of efficiency but also in terms of data retention and long-term durability. In particular, when embedding in an existing structure, careful repair is required in the vicinity of the housing surface of the drilling portion, and the advantage of being wireless is great.
［製造方法］
検出部１１を被覆するセメントモルタルは、直方体、立方体、プレート型、円筒状、階段状など、設置に不具合が無ければ任意の形状として良くが、平板状であって、楕円孤、円孤の輪郭を有するものが特に好ましい。前記形状となる型枠を使用して外装部を作製する。この際、検出部１１の位置精度は、型枠で決定するので、設置が簡便である。検出部１１は、モルタルを流し込む前にあらかじめ外装部の所定位置に設置されることとなる。検出部１１を外装部１２に設置後、まだ固まらない所定空気量のモルタルを前記外装部に流し込んで、被覆部とし、硬化させて作製する。
[Production method]
The cement mortar covering the detection unit 11 may be any shape as long as there is no problem in installation, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a plate, a cylinder, and a staircase. Particularly preferred are those having An exterior part is produced using the formwork which becomes the said shape. At this time, since the position accuracy of the detection unit 11 is determined by the formwork, the installation is simple. The detection part 11 will be installed in the predetermined position of an exterior part beforehand, before pouring mortar. After the detector 11 is installed on the exterior 12, a mortar having a predetermined air amount that has not yet solidified is poured into the exterior to form a covering and cured.
本実施形態に係る腐食センサは、以上のような手法を用いて工場で製造することができるため、品質および精度が確保され、コンクリート中での測定において、腐食センサの検知データのばらつきを抑えることができる。すなわち、不確実性の少ない腐食センサを提供することが可能となる。 Since the corrosion sensor according to the present embodiment can be manufactured in the factory using the above-described method, quality and accuracy are ensured, and in the measurement in concrete, variation in detection data of the corrosion sensor is suppressed. Can do. That is, it is possible to provide a corrosion sensor with less uncertainty.
［構造物への設置］
［新設構造物］
図４は、新設構造物に腐食センサを取り付ける様子を示す図である。構造物に不具合の生じないように、腐食センサ１０を任意の位置に設置する。腐食センサの固定は、内部の鉄筋を活用する。有線の場合はケーブルを外に引き出すが、無線の場合は、ＲＦＩＤタグ２０等を一緒に構造物内に設置する。腐食センサとタグは有線で接続し、分割した場所でも、同一の箇所に設置しても良い。
[Installation to structure]
[New structure]
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the corrosion sensor is attached to the new structure. The corrosion sensor 10 is installed at an arbitrary position so as not to cause a problem in the structure. The corrosion sensor is fixed using internal rebar. In the case of wired communication, the cable is pulled out. In the case of wireless communication, the RFID tag 20 or the like is installed in the structure together. The corrosion sensor and the tag may be connected by wire, and may be installed at the same location or in a divided location.
こうして本願発明のセンサ（被覆部を気泡モルタル、空気量２２％、被覆部厚み５ｍｍ）を、装着させた水中養生２８日のコンクリート供試体（直径１００ｍｍ高さ２００ｍｍの円柱状）は、圧縮強度（一例では、２９．３０Ｎ／ｍｍ２）であった。これは、センサを装着しないコンクリート供試体（２８．４８Ｎ／ｍｍ２）と比べて、同等の圧縮強度であり、コンクリートの耐力に影響を及ぼさなかった。 Thus, the concrete specimen (column shape with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm) on which the sensor according to the present invention (with a covering portion of a bubble mortar, an air amount of 22%, and a covering portion thickness of 5 mm) and an underwater curing 28 day was mounted has a compressive strength ( In one example, it was 29.30 N / mm 2 ). This was equivalent compressive strength as compared with a concrete specimen (28.48 N / mm 2 ) without a sensor, and did not affect the yield strength of the concrete.
更に、図４の配置を適用し、本願発明の前記センサと鉄筋１００を装着した角柱コンクリートにおいて、２０℃水中で２８日間の養生後、乾湿繰返し暴露（１サイクル＝４０℃、濃度３％塩化ナトリウム水溶液中に４日間浸漬と４０℃５０％ＲＨ雰囲気３日間）を８４日間に亘り行った（１５例）。その結果、かぶり１ｃｍ、２ｃｍの鉄筋の腐食を、鉄筋が腐食する前、あるいは同時に１００％の確率で検知することができた。 Furthermore, in the prismatic concrete to which the arrangement of FIG. 4 is applied and the sensor of the present invention and the reinforcing bar 100 are mounted, after repeated curing for 28 days in 20 ° C. water, 1 cycle = 40 ° C., 3% sodium chloride concentration It was immersed in an aqueous solution for 4 days and 40 ° C. and 50% RH atmosphere for 3 days) over 84 days (15 cases). As a result, it was possible to detect the corrosion of reinforcing bars with a cover of 1 cm and 2 cm with a probability of 100% before the reinforcing bars corroded.
［既設構造物］
図５は、既設構造物に腐食センサ１０を取り付けた様子を示す図である。既設構造物のかぶりコンクリートを一部はつり、鉄筋部を露出させたうえで、腐食センサ１０を設置し、補修モルタル等で、はつり部を充填する。これにより、有線・無線ともに活用できる。無線はＲＦＩＤだけではなく、特定小電力無線や、電池を積んだアクティブタイプＲＦＩＤを用いても良い。また、無線通信部は構造物に埋設することが好ましいが、構造物外に出して設置しても良い。
[Existing structure]
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the corrosion sensor 10 is attached to an existing structure. A part of the cover concrete of the existing structure is suspended to expose the reinforcing bar portion, and then the corrosion sensor 10 is installed, and the suspended portion is filled with repair mortar or the like. As a result, both wired and wireless can be used. The radio may be not only RFID but also specific low power radio or active type RFID loaded with batteries. The wireless communication unit is preferably embedded in the structure, but may be installed outside the structure.
以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る腐食センサによれば、検出部１１を外装部に設置した後、特に、所定モルタルで被覆するので、検出部１１の保護機能が飛躍的に向上し、検査対象のコンクリート中への設置が容易となる。コンクリート躯体の強度、耐久性、耐力に悪影響を及ぼすことがなく、検知感度の高い鉄筋腐食環境検知センサを実現し、鉄筋コンクリート内部の鉄筋に近接した位置に取り付け、鉄筋近傍に浸食する腐食因子が鉄筋に到達する前に捉えることのできる腐食環境検知センサを実現した。検出部１１が鉄部材である場合は、コンクリート内でアルカリ環境下におかれることから、不動態被膜で覆われる。その結果、コンクリート内部におかれていない検出部と比較すると錆びにくくなり、取扱いが容易となる。 As described above, according to the corrosion sensor according to the present embodiment, after the detection unit 11 is installed on the exterior part, in particular, since it is covered with a predetermined mortar, the protection function of the detection unit 11 is dramatically improved, Easy installation in the concrete to be inspected. Reinforcement corrosion environment detection sensor with high detection sensitivity is realized without adversely affecting the strength, durability, and proof strength of the concrete frame, and the corrosion factor that erodes in the vicinity of the reinforcing bar is attached to the rebar inside the reinforced concrete. Corrosion environment detection sensor that can be captured before reaching When the detection unit 11 is an iron member, it is covered with a passive film because it is placed in an alkaline environment in the concrete. As a result, it becomes hard to rust compared with the detection part which is not put in the concrete, and handling becomes easy.
１０：腐食センサ
１１：検出部
１２：外装部
１３：凹部
１４：被覆部
２０：ＲＦＩＤタグ
１００：鉄筋
10: Corrosion sensor 11: Detection part 12: Exterior part 13: Recess 14: Covering part 20: RFID tag 100: Rebar
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