JP5697254B2 - Corrosion environment detection sensor for concrete structures - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋等の腐食環境を検出する腐食センサに関する。 The present invention relates to a corrosion sensor for detecting a corrosive environment such as a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure.
鉄筋コンクリート構造物やプレストレストコンクリート構造物には、鉄筋、鋼製シース管、ＰＣ鋼材等の種々の鋼材が埋設されている。これらの鋼材が腐食すると、コンクリートのひび割れ、剥落、鉄筋あるいはＰＣ鋼材の耐荷性能の低下により、構造物の美観、耐久性、安全性において問題が生じる。 Various steel materials such as a reinforcing bar, a steel sheath tube, and a PC steel material are embedded in the reinforced concrete structure and the prestressed concrete structure. When these steel materials corrode, problems occur in the appearance, durability, and safety of the structure due to cracking, peeling off of concrete, and deterioration in load resistance performance of reinforcing steel or PC steel materials.
また、鋼橋や水道管、ケーソンなどの鋼構造物においても、耐久性や安全性において様々な問題が生じる。そこで、鋼材の腐食状況を検知したり予測したりする方法が種々検討されている。 Also, steel structures such as steel bridges, water pipes, and caissons have various problems in terms of durability and safety. Therefore, various methods for detecting and predicting the corrosion status of steel materials have been studied.
従来から、コンクリート構造物を診断するセンサが知られている。例えば、特許文献１には、検知対象物の使用環境下で検知対象物の金属より腐食し易い金属またはアルカリ溶解性金属からなるベース材、およびベース材の少なくとも一部を被覆して形成され、検知対象物の使用環境下で腐食する金属からなる被膜により形成される検知部と、検知部を保持するための基材と、腐食因子の浸透を妨げない被覆部から構成された腐食センサが開示されている。 Conventionally, a sensor for diagnosing a concrete structure is known. For example, Patent Document 1 is formed by covering a base material made of a metal or an alkali-soluble metal that is more easily corroded than the metal of the detection object under the usage environment of the detection object, and covering at least a part of the base material, Disclosed is a corrosion sensor composed of a detection part formed of a coating made of a metal that corrodes under the environment in which the detection target is used, a base material for holding the detection part, and a covering part that does not prevent the penetration of corrosion factors Has been.
また、特許文献２には、コンクリート構造物中に埋設される鋼材の腐食進行状況を診断するのに用いる腐食センサが開示されている。この腐食センサは、腐食検出部で、測定対象物または測定対象物の近傍に敷設される検出用部材を有し、金属製の検出用部材の腐食を、検出用部材の電気的特性を測定することにより検出する。そして、腐食の検出結果を読取装置に対して無線送信する。この構成により、電気的特性の変化から検出用部材の腐食を検出することができ、鉄筋、ＰＣ鋼線、鋼製シース管等の鋼材の腐食が生じているかどうかを予想することを可能としている。これらは、複数の検出部を備えるものであっても、検出部全体としての電気的特性を測定して、腐食状況を判定するもので、腐食環境の検知位置による違いに関する情報が少なかった。
特許文献１には、はしご状、階段状に複数の検知部を設置し、腐食時期を概略推定可能なセンサが開示されている。しかし、はしご状ならば界面へのブリーディング水の浸透への影響が懸念され、階段状ならば、コンクリート打設時の充填不良への影響が懸念された。
Patent Document 2 discloses a corrosion sensor used for diagnosing the progress of corrosion of a steel material embedded in a concrete structure. This corrosion sensor is a corrosion detection unit and has a detection member laid in the vicinity of the measurement object or the measurement object, and measures the corrosion of the metal detection member and measures the electrical characteristics of the detection member. To detect. Then, the corrosion detection result is wirelessly transmitted to the reading device. With this configuration, the corrosion of the detection member can be detected from the change in the electrical characteristics, and it is possible to predict whether or not the steel material such as the reinforcing bar, the PC steel wire, and the steel sheath tube is corroded. . Even if these are provided with a plurality of detection units, the electrical characteristics of the entire detection unit are measured to determine the corrosion status, and there is little information on the difference depending on the detection position of the corrosive environment.
Patent Document 1 discloses a sensor that can install a plurality of detection units in a ladder shape or a staircase shape and can roughly estimate the corrosion time. However, if it was a ladder, there was a concern about the influence on the penetration of bleeding water to the interface, and if it was a staircase, there was a concern about the effect on filling failure during concrete placement.
比較的長期間に亘る腐食状況の把握が必要なとき、構造物内の腐食環境の進行状況を把握することが特に有用である。しかし、複数のセンサを設置して腐食因子による劣化の進展を把握する場合は、設置時にセンサが重なり合うと腐食因子の浸透が阻害され、腐食の進展が正確に把握できない。あわせて、センサの設置作業が煩雑になり、複数のセンサ周辺にコンクリートを充填することが難しくなるため、豆板状の表面凹凸や透かしの欠陥であるジャンカが生じやすい。その結果、構造物自体に耐力低下を招くおそれがある。また、複数のセンサを一体化した場合、大型化してしまい、設置対象の構造物の設計耐力とセンサ部の耐力に差異が生じ設計上の耐力を満たさないおそれがある。特にジャンカが生じるとコンクリートが緻密ではなくなり、十分な強度が発現せず、また、空気や水分等の侵入もあり、鉄筋の防錆力が低下しやすいという難点があった。 It is particularly useful to know the progress of the corrosive environment in the structure when it is necessary to know the corrosion status over a relatively long period of time. However, when a plurality of sensors are installed to grasp the progress of deterioration due to the corrosion factor, if the sensors overlap at the time of installation, the penetration of the corrosion factor is hindered and the progress of the corrosion cannot be accurately grasped. In addition, the installation work of the sensor becomes complicated and it becomes difficult to fill concrete around the plurality of sensors, so that a bean plate-like surface unevenness and a jumper that is a watermark defect are likely to occur. As a result, the structure itself may be deteriorated in yield strength. In addition, when a plurality of sensors are integrated, the size is increased, and there is a possibility that the design proof strength of the structure to be installed and the proof strength of the sensor unit are different and the design proof strength is not satisfied. In particular, when the jumper is generated, the concrete is not dense, and sufficient strength is not exhibited, and there is a problem that the rust prevention power of the reinforcing bar is likely to be lowered due to the intrusion of air or moisture.
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり複数のセンサの設置を容易とし、長期間に亘るコンクリート内の特定位置の腐食進行を把握でき、センサ付近のジャンカの発生を回避し、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の腐食環境を正確に検出することを可能とする腐食センサを提供する。又、コンクリートのブリーディング水等の影響による腐食の進展を回避し、センサ設置による構造物への影響を排しながら、複数のセンサの設置作業の時間短縮を図ることが可能となる腐食センサを提供する。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, facilitates the installation of a plurality of sensors, can grasp the progress of corrosion at a specific position in concrete over a long period of time, and avoids the occurrence of a jumper near the sensor. A corrosion sensor capable of accurately detecting the corrosive environment of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure is provided. In addition, a corrosion sensor is provided that can reduce the time required to install multiple sensors while avoiding the development of corrosion due to the influence of concrete bleeding water, etc. To do.
即ち、コンクリート躯体の強度、耐久性、耐力に悪影響を及ぼすことがなく、長期間に亘って、検知感度と検知位置精度の高い鉄筋腐食環境検知センサを実現し、鉄筋コンクリート内部の鉄筋に近接した位置に、簡単に取り付けることができ、鉄筋近傍に浸食する腐食因子が鉄筋に到達する前に捉えることのできる腐食環境検知センサを実現することを課題とする。 In other words, it does not adversely affect the strength, durability and proof strength of the concrete frame, and realizes a rebar corrosion environment detection sensor with high detection sensitivity and detection position accuracy for a long period of time, and a position close to the rebar inside the reinforced concrete Another object of the present invention is to provide a corrosion environment detection sensor that can be easily attached and can be detected before a corrosion factor that erodes in the vicinity of the reinforcing bar reaches the reinforcing bar.
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の腐食センサは、（１）支柱部の軸方向の異なる位置に、検出部を含む複数のセンサ部を、支柱部の軸を中心にして配置したことを特徴とする。本センサは、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の腐食環境を長期に亘って検出するセンサであり、鉄筋を腐食させる因子（以下、腐食因子）のコンクリートへの浸透を検知する検出部と、前記検出部を被覆する腐食因子の浸透を妨げないセンサ被覆部（以下、被覆部）、及び、埋設対象である構造物の耐力を低下させない強度をもつセンサ外装（以下、外装部）とを備えても良い。外装部と被覆部を併せて外装被覆部というが、両者を一体に製造して、構成しても良い。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the corrosion sensor of the present invention has (1) a plurality of sensor units including detection units arranged at different positions in the axial direction of the support column centering on the axis of the support column. It is characterized by. This sensor is a sensor that detects a corrosive environment of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure over a long period of time, a detection unit that detects penetration of a factor that corrodes the reinforcing bar (hereinafter referred to as a corrosion factor) into the concrete, and the detection unit A sensor covering portion (hereinafter referred to as a covering portion) that does not hinder the penetration of a corrosive factor that coats the surface, and a sensor exterior (hereinafter referred to as an exterior portion) having a strength that does not reduce the proof stress of the structure to be embedded. . Although the exterior part and the covering part are collectively referred to as an exterior covering part, they may be manufactured and configured integrally.
さらに、支柱部の軸を中心に、任意にセンサ部を配置できるので、センサ部の複数のセンサ部が重なり合い、相互に腐食因子の浸透を妨げることがない。複数のセンサ部は、浸透因子の到達を均等な腐食環境で検出することが可能である。本センサは、放射状の構造となっており従来の階段状の形状と比べて設置体積を小さくすることが可能となる。その為、かぶり内においてのセンサ部の占有体積が小さくなり、コンクリートの充填を阻害することなく、豆板状の表面凹凸や透かしの欠陥であるジャンカが生じにくくなるために、構造体の耐力の低下を防ぐことができる。 Furthermore, since the sensor part can be arbitrarily arranged around the axis of the support part, a plurality of sensor parts of the sensor part overlap each other and do not hinder the penetration of the corrosion factor. The plurality of sensor units can detect the arrival of the penetration factor in a uniform corrosive environment. This sensor has a radial structure, and the installation volume can be reduced as compared with a conventional stepped shape. For this reason, the volume occupied by the sensor unit in the cover is reduced, and it becomes difficult to produce bean plate-like surface irregularities and watermark defects without hindering concrete filling. Can be prevented.
こうして、本腐食センサは、支柱部の軸方向を、コンクリートの腐食因子の浸透方向に対して配置したとき、腐食因子の浸透を複数のセンサ部で検出することができる。各センサ部で腐食因子を検出する時期の差異から、腐食因子の浸透速度を計測でき、鉄筋等の鋼材に腐食因子が到達する時期を予め推定することができる。 Thus, the corrosion sensor can detect the penetration of the corrosion factor by the plurality of sensor units when the axial direction of the support column is arranged with respect to the penetration direction of the corrosion factor of the concrete. The penetration rate of the corrosion factor can be measured from the difference in timing of detecting the corrosion factor in each sensor unit, and the time when the corrosion factor reaches the steel material such as a reinforcing bar can be estimated in advance.
（２）本発明の腐食センサは、支柱部の軸方向に、センサ部の配置位置を任意に設定することを特徴とする。支柱部軸方向にスライド機構等を設ける事で、センサ部は軸方向への移動が可能となり、センサ部位置を可変とすることができる。腐食因子の浸透する表面から鉄筋等の鋼材までの距離（かぶり）は、構造物によって差異があるため、複数のセンサ部をひとつのセンサとして、任意に設定できることにより、構造物の大小を問わず、様々な部材及び様々な構造体に対応した腐食環境の計測に好都合となる。また、センサ部の配置位置を任意に変更でき、センサ部間に十分な間隔を設けることができるため、コンクリートの充填を妨げることがない。その為コンクリートの分離によるジャンカを防止できる。 (2) The corrosion sensor of the present invention is characterized in that the arrangement position of the sensor unit is arbitrarily set in the axial direction of the support column. By providing a slide mechanism or the like in the axial direction of the support column, the sensor unit can be moved in the axial direction, and the position of the sensor unit can be made variable. The distance (cover) from the surface where the corrosion factor penetrates to the steel material such as the reinforcing bar varies depending on the structure, so multiple sensors can be arbitrarily set as one sensor, regardless of the size of the structure. It is convenient for measurement of corrosive environment corresponding to various members and various structures. Moreover, since the arrangement position of a sensor part can be changed arbitrarily and sufficient space | interval can be provided between sensor parts, filling of concrete is not prevented. Therefore, it is possible to prevent jumpers due to concrete separation.
（３）支柱部の長さ方向である軸を回転軸として、回転可能に設置されることを特徴とする。本発明のセンサは、支柱部を回転させて、センサ全体が、表面からの測定距離を変動させずに、回転するため、打設時の測定位置の再調整が不要である。また、センサ部も、摺動回転可能に鉄筋に保持されているので、打ち込まれたコンクリートを回転しながら受け流す。この効果は、センサ部が回転対称配置でなくとも有効である。こうして、さらにコンクリートの充填を阻害せず、充填不良によるジャンカを防止することできる。 (3) It is characterized in that it is rotatably installed with the axis that is the length direction of the support column as the rotation axis. Since the sensor of the present invention rotates the support column without changing the measurement distance from the surface, it is not necessary to readjust the measurement position during placement. Moreover, since the sensor part is also hold | maintained at the reinforcing bar so that sliding rotation is possible, the concrete poured in will be received, rotating. This effect is effective even if the sensor unit is not rotationally symmetric. In this way, it is possible to further prevent jumpers due to poor filling without inhibiting concrete filling.
（４）また、本発明の腐食センサにおいて、前記センサ部は、腐食検出データを無線信号で出力することを特徴としている。 (4) Further, in the corrosion sensor of the present invention, the sensor unit outputs the corrosion detection data as a radio signal.
このように、前記検出部は、ＲＦＩＤタグに接続し、前記データを無線信号で出力するので、ケーブルをコンクリートから引き出す必要がなくなり、ケーブルとコンクリートとの隙間から腐食因子が浸入することを回避することが可能となる。 As described above, since the detection unit is connected to the RFID tag and outputs the data as a wireless signal, it is not necessary to pull out the cable from the concrete, and the invasion of the corrosion factor from the gap between the cable and the concrete is avoided. It becomes possible.
本発明によれば、設置が容易で、センサ付近のジャンカの発生を回避し、長期間に亘る鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋腐食の進行を、その検知位置を含めて把握でき、コンクリートのブリーディング水等の影響と、センサ設置自体の影響を排しながら、作業工程の大幅な短縮化を図ることができる腐食センサを実現した。 According to the present invention, it is easy to install, avoids the occurrence of jumpers in the vicinity of the sensor, can grasp the progress of rebar corrosion in the reinforced concrete structure over a long period, including its detection position, such as concrete bleeding water A corrosion sensor that can significantly shorten the work process while eliminating the effects of the sensor and the sensor installation itself has been realized.
以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。図１は、本実施形態のセンサ１０の主要部の分解図である。主要部は、センサ部１１と支持部１２である。センサ部は、検出部を収納する矩形状の外装部と取付け部（取り付け治具）を含む。取付け部は、必ず必要なものでなく、外装部と直接接着したり、ボルトなどにより取り付けてもよい。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the main part of the sensor 10 of the present embodiment. The main parts are the sensor part 11 and the support part 12. The sensor portion includes a rectangular exterior portion that houses the detection portion and an attachment portion (attachment jig). The attachment portion is not necessarily required, and may be directly adhered to the exterior portion or attached with a bolt or the like.
図２は、図1に示したセンサの主要部分の組立図である。支持部１２の軸方向に所定間隔で、4枚のセンサ部を回転対称に組み立てた。
支持部は、金属製、プラスチック製、コンクリート製、モルタル製等であるが、打設時の堅牢性を考慮し、構造物の品質と耐久性に影響を与えない材質を選定した。
本実施例の支持部１２は、四角柱であり、側面には、溝が形成され、4枚のセンサ部が、取付け部を介して、この溝にスライドしながら任意の位置にボルトで配置される。本実施例の支持部１２は、四角柱であるが、更なる多角柱、あるいは円柱でもよい。また、本実施例では溝による可動機構（スライド）であるが、全ねじによるスライド、もしくは固定穴、溶接、接着による固定を行ってもよい。センサ部の数は、２枚以上１０枚以下が好ましく、３枚から７枚であることがより好ましい。１枚だと浸透速度の把握が難しく、１１枚以上だとセンサ部の重なりによってコンクリートの打ちこみに支障が生ずる虞がある。
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of main parts of the sensor shown in FIG. Four sensor parts were assembled in a rotationally symmetrical manner at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the support part 12.
The supporting part is made of metal, plastic, concrete, mortar, etc., but considering the robustness when placing, a material that does not affect the quality and durability of the structure was selected.
The support portion 12 of the present embodiment is a quadrangular prism, and a groove is formed on the side surface, and four sensor portions are arranged with bolts at arbitrary positions while sliding into the groove via the attachment portion. The Although the support part 12 of a present Example is a square pole, the further polygonal pillar or a cylinder may be sufficient. In the present embodiment, the movable mechanism (slide) is a groove, but it may be fixed by sliding with a full screw, or a fixing hole, welding, or adhesion. The number of sensor units is preferably 2 or more and 10 or less, and more preferably 3 to 7. If the number is one, it is difficult to grasp the permeation rate, and if the number is 11 or more, there is a possibility that the concrete will be disturbed due to the overlapping of the sensor parts.
図３は、組み立てたセンサの支持部とセンサ部を支持部の軸方向および支持部側面より投影した図である。4枚のセンサ部は、支持部の軸の廻りに、その検出部の全体が見通せ、腐食因子の浸透を互いに干渉しない構造とした。
検出部を含む複数のセンサ部を、支持部１２を取り囲む形態で支持部の軸方向の異なる位置に、支持部の軸を中心にして回転対称に配置した。２枚以上のセンサ部を、支持部を軸として、軸方向から投影して、回転対称に配置することが好ましい。また、３枚のときも１２０度開きで回転対称とできるが、例えば支持部が四角柱である場合には、９０度ずつずらして配置すればよい。
支持部に対してセンサ部を配置する際に、センサ部の軸方向の間隔（図３中Ｂ）は、測定を行いたい間隔に調整を行えばよく、とくに問わない。ただし、センサ設置間隔（図３中B）が打ち込むコンクリートの粗骨材の最大寸法より狭い場合、あるいは、センサ部と支柱部の間隔（図３中A）がそれより狭い場合には、当該間隔を、それより大きくすることで、その部分にコンクリートの構成する材料が均等に行きわたり、均質に充填されるために構造的な弱点となることを防ぐことが可能となる。
FIG. 3 is a diagram in which the support portion and the sensor portion of the assembled sensor are projected from the axial direction of the support portion and the side surface of the support portion. The four sensor parts have a structure in which the entire detection part can be seen around the axis of the support part and the penetration of corrosion factors does not interfere with each other.
A plurality of sensor units including the detection unit are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the axis of the support unit at different positions in the axial direction of the support unit in a form surrounding the support unit 12. It is preferable to project two or more sensor units in a rotationally symmetrical manner by projecting from the axial direction with the support unit as an axis. Further, even when the number is three, it can be rotated 120 degrees to be rotationally symmetric. For example, when the support portion is a quadrangular prism, it may be shifted by 90 degrees.
When the sensor unit is arranged with respect to the support unit, the interval in the axial direction of the sensor unit (B in FIG. 3) may be adjusted to the interval at which measurement is desired, and is not particularly limited. However, when the sensor installation interval (B in Fig. 3) is narrower than the maximum size of the coarse concrete aggregate to be driven, or when the interval between the sensor unit and the support column (A in Fig. 3) is narrower, the interval By making this larger than that, it is possible to prevent the material constituting the concrete from being evenly distributed in the portion or to be a structural weak point because it is uniformly filled.
図４は、本センサを鉄筋に取り付ける方法を示す図である。支持部側面図に示す通り、支持部１２を、鉄筋接続部１３を介して、鉄筋２０が鉄筋３０と直交する交差部にはめ込むように設置し、これを鉄筋３０に対して、留め具４０を使用して固定することもできる。更に、本センサの支持部１２と鉄筋接続部１３の摺動回転機構を、拡大断面図で表した。支持部１２は、鉄筋接続部１３の外周を包み込む形態で、鉄筋接続部１３の廻りに、摺動回転可能に保持される。支持部の摺動面は、支持部のくり抜かれた円筒の内面であり、鉄筋接続部では、円柱を組み合わせた形状の外表面が摺動面となる。支持部１２が抜け落ちないように、接続の深部は、その摺動半径を接続の入口部より大きく設定した。摺動回転機構は、鉄筋接続部１３側に備わっていてもよい。 FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method of attaching the present sensor to a reinforcing bar. As shown in the side view of the support part, the support part 12 is installed through the reinforcing bar connecting part 13 so that the reinforcing bar 20 fits into the intersecting part orthogonal to the reinforcing bar 30. It can also be used and fixed. Furthermore, the sliding rotation mechanism of the support part 12 and the reinforcing bar connecting part 13 of the present sensor is shown in an enlarged sectional view. The support portion 12 is configured to wrap around the outer periphery of the reinforcing bar connecting portion 13 and is held so as to be slidable and rotatable around the reinforcing bar connecting portion 13. The sliding surface of the support portion is the inner surface of the hollowed out cylinder of the support portion. In the reinforcing bar connecting portion, the outer surface of the shape combining the columns is the sliding surface. The deep part of the connection was set to have a larger sliding radius than the inlet part of the connection so that the support part 12 would not fall out. The sliding rotation mechanism may be provided on the reinforcing bar connecting portion 13 side.
図５は、上部から、生コンクリートを打ち込んだときの、本センサの動作を模式的に示した。左側の破線で囲まれた部分は、打ち込んだ後のコンクリート表面の一部を表している。図の右側が鉄筋側である。センサ部は、上方向からのコンクリートの打ち込みに対して、センサ部の厚さ方向が垂直となり、センサ部の平面方向が平行となるので、コンクリートの打ち込みに対する抵抗力が小さい。また、本センサは、摺動回転可能に鉄筋に保持されているので、打ち込まれるコンクリートを回転しながら受け流すこととなる。従って、コンクリートの分離が起こりにくく、本センサ周辺にコンクリートが十分に充填されジャンカを防止できる。 FIG. 5 schematically shows the operation of this sensor when raw concrete is driven from above. The part surrounded by the broken line on the left represents a part of the concrete surface after being driven. The right side of the figure is the reinforcing bar side. The sensor portion has a low resistance to concrete placing because the thickness direction of the sensor portion is perpendicular to the concrete placement from above and the planar direction of the sensor portion is parallel. Moreover, since this sensor is hold | maintained at a reinforcing bar so that sliding rotation is possible, it will receive the concrete poured in, rotating. Accordingly, the separation of the concrete is difficult to occur, and the concrete is sufficiently filled around the sensor to prevent the jumper.
ここで、センサ部について、補足説明をおこなう。 Here, a supplementary explanation will be given for the sensor unit.
センサ部は、検出部を外装部内の凹部に装着し、モルタルで被覆する構成と必要に応じて取付け部から構成される（図６参照）。検出部は、例えば、鉄箔を用いて、長方形や正方形、円形、梯子状、階段状など、任意の形状とすることができる。図３のセンサ部内における矩形状部分が、検出部である。検出部は、外装部の凹部にセットし、その表面を被覆部で、コートする。被覆部は、外装部の凹部全体を被覆しても良い。被覆は、その一部にとどまってもよい。また、検出部とＲＦＩＤやＩＣ基盤等の部品を検出部と同様に外装部へ収容できる。取付け部を使用する場合には、外装部とは、クリップ、接着、フック、ボルトにより固定することができる。センサ部から支持部に、リード線を引きだしても良い。 A sensor part is comprised from the structure which attaches a detection part to the recessed part in an exterior part, and coat | covers with mortar, and an attachment part as needed (refer FIG. 6). The detection unit can be formed into an arbitrary shape such as a rectangle, a square, a circle, a ladder, or a staircase using, for example, an iron foil. The rectangular part in the sensor part of FIG. 3 is a detection part. The detection part is set in the recess of the exterior part, and the surface is coated with the covering part. The covering portion may cover the entire concave portion of the exterior portion. The coating may remain part of it. Further, the detection unit and components such as an RFID and an IC substrate can be accommodated in the exterior part in the same manner as the detection unit. When using an attachment part, it can fix to an exterior part with a clip, adhesion | attachment, a hook, and a volt | bolt. A lead wire may be drawn from the sensor part to the support part.
［外装部について］
外装部は、設置に不具合が無ければ任意の形状として良いが、その一部に円孤、又は楕円孤の輪郭を有する平板状することで、ブリーディング水による腐食現象がセンサ周辺において局所的に発生しないようにすることができる。外装部２は、モルタルを用いた。設置対象の構造物と同程度の強度か、それ以上の強度を有する材料であればよい。前記形状となる型枠を使用して外装部を作製する。この際、検出部の位置精度は、型枠で決定される。検出部１は、モルタルを流し込む前にあらかじめ外装部２の所定位置に設置されることとなる。検出部１を外装部２に設置後、まだ固まらない所定空気量のフレッシュなモルタルを前記外装部に流し込んで、被覆部とし、硬化させて作製する。
[Exterior]
The exterior part may have any shape as long as there is no problem in installation, but by forming a flat plate with a circular arc or elliptical arc outline in part, corrosion phenomenon due to bleeding water occurs locally around the sensor You can avoid it. The exterior part 2 used mortar. Any material may be used as long as it has the same or higher strength than the structure to be installed. An exterior part is produced using the formwork which becomes the said shape. At this time, the position accuracy of the detection unit is determined by the formwork. The detection part 1 will be installed in the predetermined position of the exterior part 2 beforehand, before pouring mortar. After the detector 1 is installed on the exterior 2, a fresh mortar with a predetermined amount of air that has not yet solidified is poured into the exterior to form a cover and cured.
［被覆部について］
被覆部の寸法は、検出部の寸法と比較して、小さすぎても大きすぎても好ましくない。検出部を被覆する被覆部の寸法は、例えば、５０ｍｍ〜６０ｍｍ、厚さは５ｍｍ以下である。被覆部厚は、小さいほうが検知感度の向上に繋がる等の理由で、２ｍｍ〜５ｍｍ程度とするのが好ましい。このとき、外装部の凹部の水平面を越えて、被覆部を盛り上げても良い。被覆部を、モルタルとするときは、空気量が１０〜４０％とすることが好ましい。空気量１０％未満の配合では、十分な検知感度を確保できない場合があり、空気量が４０％を越えると、被覆モルタルで検出部を保護する強度が不十分となる。センサ自身の耐力に影響しない程度の小さな体積占有率で、肉厚平板形状の外装部２の表層に凹部３を設け、凹部３に検出部１を装着し、これをコートし、埋め込む。被覆部４を環境因子の浸透する方向に向けて支持部１２に配置する。
[About the coating]
It is not preferable that the dimension of the covering part is too small or too large compared to the dimension of the detection part. The dimensions of the covering portion that covers the detection portion are, for example, 50 mm to 60 mm, and the thickness is 5 mm or less. The coating portion thickness is preferably about 2 mm to 5 mm for the reason that a smaller thickness leads to an improvement in detection sensitivity. At this time, the covering portion may be raised beyond the horizontal plane of the recess of the exterior portion. When the covering portion is mortar, the air amount is preferably 10 to 40%. When the amount of air is less than 10%, sufficient detection sensitivity may not be ensured. When the amount of air exceeds 40%, the strength for protecting the detection part with the coated mortar becomes insufficient. The concave portion 3 is provided on the surface layer of the thick flat plate-shaped exterior portion 2 with a small volume occupation ratio that does not affect the proof stress of the sensor itself, and the detection portion 1 is mounted on the concave portion 3, which is coated and embedded. The covering portion 4 is arranged on the support portion 12 in the direction in which the environmental factor penetrates.
被覆部のモルタル配合は、特に問わず、一般的な材料と一般的な方法により製造すればよい。セメントは、普通ポルトランドセメント以外に、他のポルトランドセメント、高炉セメントやフライアッシュセメントなどの混合セメントが適用できる。空気量をより多くしたい場合には、主成分が陰イオン界面活性剤である起泡剤を用いればよい。 What is necessary is just to manufacture a mortar mixing | blending of a coating | coated part by a general material and a general method regardless of the particular. In addition to ordinary Portland cement, other cements such as Portland cement, blast furnace cement and fly ash cement can be used as the cement. In order to increase the amount of air, a foaming agent whose main component is an anionic surfactant may be used.
一例として、表１に被覆部を気泡モルタルとした場合の配合を示した。 As an example, Table 1 shows the composition when the coating part is a cell mortar.
腐食センサは、センサ部と通信部を一体化する場合は、ＲＦＩＤチップを含む通信回路部を外装部２に埋設する。また、センサ部と通信部を一体化しない場合は、通信部であるＲＦＩＤタグ部を別に鉄筋に固定し、ケーブルで接続する。いずれの方法においても構造物表面にはケーブルが露出しないため、ケーブル劣化の懸念等、長期耐久性において極めて有効な手段である。また、計測方法も構造物表面から電波もしくは電磁波で計測することが可能で効率的な手法である。 In the case of integrating the sensor unit and the communication unit, the corrosion sensor embeds a communication circuit unit including an RFID chip in the exterior unit 2. When the sensor unit and the communication unit are not integrated, the RFID tag unit, which is a communication unit, is separately fixed to a reinforcing bar and connected by a cable. In any of the methods, the cable is not exposed on the surface of the structure. The measurement method is also an efficient method that can be measured by radio waves or electromagnetic waves from the surface of the structure.
［腐食環境の測定］
図７のように、本願発明の前記センサと鉄筋を装着したW/C５５％のコンクリートにおいて、本願センサのセンサ部Aを、表面から２５ｍｍ、センサ部Bを表面から４０ｍｍにセットし、試験を実施した（各４検体）。試験条件は、１０％塩化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて、水中浸漬・乾燥による促進養生を用いて検討を行った。図８に、促進養生の１サイクルのパターンを示した。
その結果、かぶり位置２５mmでは平均７サイクル、４０mmでは平均１２サイクルで設置したセンサ部が反応し、腐食因子が阻害されることはなかった。
[Measurement of corrosive environment]
As shown in FIG. 7, in W / C 55% concrete equipped with the sensor of the present invention and a reinforcing bar, the sensor part A of the sensor of this application is set to 25 mm from the surface and the sensor part B is set to 40 mm from the surface, and the test is performed. (4 samples each). Test conditions were examined using 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution and accelerated curing by dipping in water and drying. In FIG. 8, the pattern of 1 cycle of accelerated curing was shown.
As a result, the sensor portion installed in the cover position 25 mm averaged 7 cycles and 40 mm averaged 12 cycles in average, and the corrosion factor was not inhibited.
このセンサ部が反応したときのコンクリートの塩化物イオン分布を図９に示す。かぶり位置２５mmおよび４０mmの塩化物イオン量は約１．２〜２kg/m３であり、本センサは、一般的に鉄筋の腐食限界塩分量とされる１．２kg/m３以上となって反応することを確認できた。 FIG. 9 shows the chloride ion distribution of the concrete when this sensor part reacts. The amount of chloride ion at the cover position of 25 mm and 40 mm is about 1.2-2 kg / m 3 , and this sensor reacts with 1.2 kg / m 3 or more, which is generally regarded as the corrosion limit salinity of reinforcing bars. I was able to confirm.
塩化物イオンの浸透予測は、一般にフィックの第２法則に基づいた拡散方程式を用いて行われている。 Prediction of chloride ion penetration is generally performed using a diffusion equation based on Fick's second law.
ここに、C（x,t）：深さｘ（cm）,時刻t（年）における塩化物イオン濃度（kg/m３）
C0：表面における塩化物イオン濃度
Dap：塩化物イオンの見掛けの拡散係数 erf：誤差関数
上記式を用いて浸透予測をする場合、C0やDapの定数は、浸透予測を行うコンクリート構造物と同様のコンクリートを使用し、促進試験を行い、コンクリート標準示方書に記載されている数値や式を使用して求めることができる。コンクリート標準示方書に基づき、本センサによって得られた情報（かぶり位置、反応時期、塩化物イオン濃度１．２kg/m３）を用いて浸透予測を行うことにより、浸透予測の精度が格段に向上した。
Where C (x, t): depth x (cm), chloride ion concentration at time t (year) (kg / m 3 )
C 0 : Chloride ion concentration on the surface
Dap: Apparent diffusion coefficient of chloride ion erf: Error function
When conducting penetration prediction using the above formula, C 0 and Dap constants are the same as the concrete structure for which penetration prediction is performed. It can be determined using an expression. Based on the standard specifications for concrete, the accuracy of infiltration prediction is greatly improved by performing infiltration prediction using the information obtained by this sensor (cover position, reaction time, chloride ion concentration 1.2 kg / m 3 ). did.
以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る腐食センサによれば、設置が容易で、センサ付近のジャンカの発生を回避して、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の長期間に亘る腐食進行を、検知位置を含めて把握でき、コンクリートのブリーディング水等の影響による腐食の進展を回避して、センサ設置自体の影響を排しながら、作業工程の大幅な短縮化を図ることができた。 As described above, according to the corrosion sensor according to the present embodiment, it is easy to install, avoid the occurrence of a jumper near the sensor, and detect the progress of corrosion over a long period of the reinforcing bar in the reinforced concrete structure. The work process was significantly shortened while avoiding the progress of corrosion due to the influence of concrete bleeding water, etc., and eliminating the influence of the sensor installation itself.
１：検出部
２：外装部
３：凹部
４：被覆部
１０：腐食センサ
１１：センサ部（センサ部A乃至D）
１２：支持部
１３：鉄筋接続部
２０：配力鉄筋
３０：主鉄筋
４０：留め具
1: Detection unit 2: Exterior unit 3: Concave portion 4: Covering unit 10: Corrosion sensor 11: Sensor unit (sensor units A to D)
12: Support part
13: Reinforcing bar connection part 20: Distribution reinforcing bar 30: Main reinforcing bar 40: Fastening
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