JP2016011274A - Attachment sheet - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an attachment sheet which can be attached without a troublesome operation, such as holding with a hand so that the attachment sheet on the skin does not move during the period from mounting on the skin until closely contacting when using by attaching the attachment sheet to a living body, such as the skin.SOLUTION: Attachment operation can be made easy because an attachment sheet can be temporarily fixed to the skin by using the attachment sheet which comprises a polymer membrane and a supporting frame contacting with at least one part of its outer periphery part to hold the polymer membrane, and which is provided with an adhesive layer in at least one part on the main face of the supporting frame to bond the adhesive layer to the skin.

Description

The present invention relates to a sticking sheet to be attached to a living body, which is suitable for use in medical use or cosmetic use.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, affixing sheets that are applied to the surface of a living body such as skin and that supply cosmetics or medicines to the living body have been developed, such as cosmetic cosmetic pack sheets and medical haptics. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a sheet-like pack cosmetic based on a self-crosslinking alkylcellulose derivative hydrogel obtained by crosslinking an alkylcellulose derivative by irradiation with radiation.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing a polymer self-supporting membrane by drying a foam membrane of an aqueous solution of a surface active polymer stretched on a frame. It is intended to be used for However, in Patent Document 2, there is no disclosure about the application to be applied to the surface of the living body, and no study is made on the adhesiveness of the polymer self-supporting film.

Japanese Patent No. 4596774 Japanese Patent No. 5397772

  When using the adhesive sheet on a living body, it is necessary to press the adhesive sheet against the skin so that the adhesive sheet does not move until it adheres to the skin due to surface tension. The operation was complicated such as being bound. The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sticking sheet that is easy to stick.

  The gist of the first invention for solving the above problem is that, in the adhesive sheet, a polymer film, and a support frame that holds the polymer film in contact with at least a part of the outer peripheral edge of the polymer film, And having an adhesive layer on at least a part of the main surface of the support frame.

  The gist of the second invention for solving the above problem is that, in the adhesive sheet according to the first invention, the polymer film has a film thickness in a range of 100 nm to 10,000 nm in a dry state. It is characterized by having.

  According to the present invention, in the adhesive sheet, the adhesive layer provided on at least a part of the main surface of the support frame that holds the polymer film adheres to the skin, and the adhesive sheet can be temporarily fixed to the skin. The pasting operation can be facilitated.

It is the top view and sectional drawing which show one Embodiment of the sheet | seat for sticking of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the use procedure of the sheet | seat for sticking of this invention. It is a top view which shows other embodiment of the sheet | seat for sticking of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the formation process of the polymer film of the sheet | seat for sticking of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the sticking sheet of the present invention will be described in detail.

  The sticking sheet of the present embodiment includes a polymer film and a support frame that holds at least a part of the outer peripheral edge of the polymer film and holds the polymer film, and is provided on the main surface of the support frame. At least a portion of which has an adhesive layer.

  One embodiment of the sticking sheet of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1A and 1B are a schematic plan view and a cross-sectional view showing an example of the sticking sheet of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the adhesive sheet 10 of the present invention holds the polymer film 1 in contact with the polymer film 1 and at least a part of the outer peripheral edge of the polymer film 1. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 is provided on at least a part of the main surface of the support frame 2 having a main surface and a back surface opposite to the main surface. Here, in the present invention, the “main surface” of the support frame 2 refers to a surface on the side that faces the skin S when the adhesive sheet 10 is temporarily fixed to the skin S as will be described later. say.

  2 (a) to 2 (c) are schematic views showing the usage state of the sticking sheet 10 of the present invention, and are schematic views showing the state of being attached to the skin S. FIG.

  2A, the surface of the polymer film 1 of the adhesive sheet 10 is aligned with the surface of the skin S moistened with water as shown in FIG. Then, the surface of the adhesive layer 3 provided on the support frame 2 is adhered to the skin S to temporarily fix the sticking sheet 10.

Next, by lifting the end of the support frame 2, the support frame 2 and the polymer film 1 are separated at the outer periphery of the polymer film 1, and as shown in FIG. The polymer film 1 is left on.
<Polymer membrane>
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), in the sticking sheet 10 of the present invention, the polymer film 1 is arranged with the support frame 2 in contact with at least a part of the outer peripheral edge of the polymer film 1. The adhesive layer 3 is provided on at least a part of the main surface of the support frame 2.

  Here, the polymer film 1 is only required to be held by the support frame 2, and the polymer film 1 is outside the state other than the state in which the opening K of the support frame 2 is completely closed as shown in FIG. A part of the peripheral edge may be separated from the support frame 2 and there may be a gap between the polymer film 1 and the support frame 2.

  The polymer film 1 has a predetermined thickness, and preferably has a film thickness of 100 nm to 10,000 nm in a dry state. Here, “the film thickness of the dried polymer film is in the range of 100 nm to 10,000 nm” means that, for example, when the polymer film contains water, the film of the dried polymer film The thickness may be in the above range, and the actual film thickness of the polymer film may not be in the above range.

  As shown in FIG. 2C, the polymer film 1 attached to the surface of the skin S can be deformed following the shape of the wrinkles even if wrinkles are formed on the surface of the skin S. That is, according to the sticking sheet 10 of the present invention, the thickness of the polymer film 1 in a dry state is within a predetermined range, and the polymer film 1 is very thin. It has high adhesion to the surface of the material and has high flexibility.

  Further, the boundary between the support frame and the polymer film may increase the thickness of the polymer film due to the meniscus and partially exceed the above range, but if there is a region where the dry film thickness is within the above range, the present invention Can be attached to the skin or the like.

  Moreover, the polymer film of the present invention is formed by forming a foam film.

  The foam film is a self-supporting film made of an aqueous solution of a surfactant. A self-supporting membrane is a membrane that can maintain its formation as a membrane without the presence of another support.

  The polymer film contains a polymer compound having a molecular weight of about 10,000 or more, and is formed by the following materials and formation methods. These can be appropriately selected and used.

  (1) A hydrogel film formed by gelling an aqueous foam film containing a gel raw material in a state containing water. Here, the “gel raw material” is water-soluble, exhibits surface activity, and can form a foam film.

  (2) A dry gel film formed by drying a hydrogel film obtained by gelling a foam film of an aqueous solution containing a gel raw material in a state containing water.

  (3) It is formed by drying a foam film of an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer compound.

  Here, each of the “aqueous solution containing a gel raw material” described in (1) and (2) above and the “aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer compound” described in (3) above are referred to as “foam film forming aqueous solution”. May be called.

(1) Hydrogel membrane As the polymer membrane 1 of the present invention, a hydrogel membrane can be used.

  The hydrogel film is formed by gelling an aqueous foam film containing a gel raw material in a state containing water. Here, the “hydrogel” refers to a gel in which a large amount of water is held in a network structure formed by combining polymers.

  The gel raw material is not particularly limited as long as it has water solubility and exhibits surface activity, and can form a foam film to be gelled.

  The gel raw material is not limited to a compound that can form a gel alone, but may be a compound that is crosslinked by the action of an added crosslinking agent to form a gel. Gelation is caused by bonding between molecules of a compound by bonds such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, coordination bonds, and covalent bonds, and the bonding mode is not particularly limited.

  The gel raw material may be a high molecular compound or a low molecular compound, but the formed gel is a high molecular compound.

  Moreover, as a gel raw material, it is preferable that the safety | security with respect to a biological body is high.

  Examples of the low molecular weight compound of the gel raw material include polymerizable compounds such as monomer compounds that are polymerized to form a gel. The monomer compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer compound having 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 4 polymerizable functional groups per molecule, but specific examples include acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide and the like. Is mentioned.

  Examples of the polymerizable functional group include functional groups capable of chain polymerization or sequential polymerization, and chain polymerizable functional groups are particularly preferable. As the chain-polymerizable functional group, a group that undergoes chain polymerization using an active species such as a radical, cation, or anion as an initiator can be used. In particular, an ethylene-based polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond is preferable. Examples of the ethylene polymerizable functional group include a vinyl group, an acryloyl group, and a methacryloyl group.

  Specific examples of high molecular compounds of gel materials include gelatin, collagen, peptide hydrogel, laminin, chondronectin, glycosaminoglycan, proteoglycan, fibrin, fibbronectin, and other extracellular matrix component proteins. And gels of high molecular weight compounds such as proteins, agarose, chitosan, alginic acid, cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and the like, gel-forming polysaccharides, oligonucleic acids and polynucleic acids. Moreover, it is not what was extracted from the living body, but artificially synthesized living body-derived material imitation material can also be used. Examples thereof include various artificial peptides and derivatives thereof, artificial oligopeptides and derivatives thereof, artificial polypeptides and derivatives thereof, artificial polysaccharides and derivatives thereof, and the like.

  Moreover, when using polymer compounds, such as said methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, a gel can be formed by adding a crosslinking agent.

  The origin of the gelatin is not particularly limited, but gelatin derived from pig epidermis, pig bone, cow skin, cow bone, fish or the like can be used. The origin of the collagen is not particularly limited, but collagen derived from pig skin, pig bone, cow skin, cow bone, fish or the like can be used. Moreover, although the origin of said agarose is not specifically limited, Agarose derived from a seaweed etc. can be used.

  Moreover, the hydrogel film may contain a surfactant, an emulsification aid, a wetting agent and the like as appropriate. The surfactant, the emulsification aid, and the wetting agent are used for the purpose of stabilizing the foam film when forming the gel film.

  As the surfactant, surfactants with high safety to living bodies such as sucrose fatty acid esters are preferable. As the emulsification aid, emulsification aids with high safety to the living body such as methylcellulose, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, sucrose, and polyglycerin are preferable.

  Furthermore, the hydrogel film may contain a desired component to be supplied to a living body such as skin, such as a component effective as a medicine or a component effective as a cosmetic. These components can be incorporated and retained in the polymer network in the gel film.

  In addition, since the hydrogel film has a network structure of a polymer compound, it can hold desired components to be supplied to a living body such as skin, such as a component effective as a medicine or a component effective as a cosmetic. Is possible.

  Hydrogel membranes are also used as additives for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, including oily components, surfactants, moisturizers, thickeners, coloring materials, fragrances, UV inhibitors, antibacterial agents, antioxidants, chelating agents, ph It may contain a regulator, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, a penetrating agent, a physiologically active substance, and the like.

  The thickness of the hydrogel film is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 100 nm to 200 μm, more preferably in the range of 1 μm to 200 μm, and still more preferably in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm. When the thickness of the hydrogel film is within the above range, the film is very flexible, so that the adhesion to a surface having fine irregularities such as skin is high, and the film is not easily peeled off after being applied.

  Here, the thickness of the hydrogel film is a value measured by measuring the position of the film-air interface by focusing with an optical microscope. As an optical microscope, Olympus Nano Search Microscope OLS3500 can be used.

(2) Dry gel film As the polymer film 1 of the present invention, a dry gel can be used.

  The dry gel film is formed by drying a hydrogel film obtained by gelling an aqueous foam film containing a gel raw material in a state containing water.

  As the gel material, the same material as that used for the hydrogel film can be used.

  Moreover, the dry gel film may contain a surfactant, an emulsification aid, a wetting agent, and the like as appropriate. As the surfactant, the emulsification aid, and the wetting agent, the same ones as those used for the hydrogel film can be used.

  Furthermore, the dry gel film may contain a desired component to be supplied to a living body such as skin, such as a pharmaceutical effective component or a cosmetic effective component. These components can be incorporated and retained in the polymer network in the gel film.

  In addition, since the dry gel film has a network structure of polymer compounds, it penetrates desired components to be supplied to a living body such as skin, such as components effective as pharmaceuticals and components effective as cosmetics. Is possible.

  The thickness of the dried gel film is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 100 nm to 10 μm, and more preferably in the range of 200 nm to 1 μm. When the thickness of the dry gel film is within the above range, the film is very flexible, and thus has an excellent adhesion to a surface having fine irregularities such as skin, and the film is difficult to peel off after being applied. . In addition, when the thickness of the dried gel film is equal to or greater than the above lower limit value, the structural color due to light interference can be visually observed, so that the dried gel film can be visually observed without being colored by a coloring agent despite being extremely thin. Can be identified.

Here, when measuring the thickness of the dried gel film, the surface of the cover glass is wetted with water, the dried gel film is adhered to the glass surface with surface tension, vacuum-dried for 1 hour, and the water is completely volatilized. The level difference between the film-air interface and the glass surface was measured to determine the thickness of the dried gel film. As an optical microscope, Olympus Nano Search Microscope OLS3500 can be used.
(3) Water-soluble polymer compound As the polymer film 1, one formed by drying a foam film of an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer compound can be used.

  As the water-soluble polymer compound, one or two of polyvinyl alcohol, polyglutamic acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polypropylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol having surface activity having a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part are included. A combination of more than one species can be used.

  Further, as an additive in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer compound, one or more of triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, and ethylene glycol can be used in combination for stabilizing the foam film.

  Furthermore, the polymer film formed from the water-soluble polymer compound may contain a desired component to be supplied to a living body such as skin, such as a component effective as a medicine or a component effective as a cosmetic. In addition, the polymer film of the water-soluble polymer compound can be removed by washing with water after being supplied to a living body such as skin such as a component effective as a medicine or a component effective as a cosmetic.

<Method for forming polymer film>
The method for forming the polymer film is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of forming a polymer film having a predetermined thickness. For example, a foam film containing a raw material for the polymer film using a support frame is formed. There is a method of forming a foam film from an aqueous solution.

  A method for forming the foam film of the polymer film of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  4A, 4B, and 4C are perspective views showing a polymer film forming process. 4 (a ') is a plan view of FIG. 4 (a), and FIG. 4 (c') is a plan view of FIG. 4 (c).

  As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4A, a support frame 2 in which at least one opening K is formed is prepared.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the support frame 2 is immersed in the foam film-forming aqueous solution 20 and pulled up so as to close the opening K as shown in FIGS. 4C and 4C. The polymer film 1 which is a foam film of the stretched aqueous solution 20 for forming a foam film is formed. Here, in the polymer film 1, a part of the outer peripheral edge of the polymer film 1 is separated from the support frame 2 by a method of immersing a part of the support frame 2 in the foam film forming aqueous solution 20, and the like. 2 can be formed with a gap between them.

<Support frame>
The support frame 2 may be arranged so as to surround the polymer film 1 and hold the polymer film 1 and may have an adhesive layer on at least a part of the main surface of the support frame. Further, the support frame 2 for forming the foam film has an opening K when the polymer film 1 is not provided (FIGS. 4A and 4A).

  About the dimension of the support frame 2, the inner side surrounding the polymer film 1 of the support frame 2 is prescribed | regulated according to the dimension and shape of the opening K, the outer dimension of the support frame 2 should just be larger than an inner side, The shape is An arbitrary shape such as a circle, a polygon (triangle, quadrangle, etc.) can be selected as appropriate.

Since the opening K of the support frame 2 forms a polymer film via a foam film, the width of the widest part is preferably 1 cm or more, and more preferably 3 cm or more. It is preferable that the area of the opening K is in the range of 100mm ² ~40000mm ^2, more preferably in the range of 300mm ² ~2000mm ^2.

The shape of the opening K of the support frame 2 is not particularly limited, and an arbitrary shape such as a circle or a polygon (triangle, quadrangle, etc.) can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. In particular, the shape of the opening K is preferably a circle or a polygon with rounded corners. In these shapes, stress applied to the periphery of the foam film can be reduced, so that the stability of the foam film and ease of handling are improved. As the material of the support frame 2 that can be improved, a single substance such as resin, glass, metal, ceramic, or a composite of two or more of the above can be used.

<Adhesive layer>
The adhesive layer 3 may be provided on at least a part of the main surface of the support frame 2 in the sticking sheet 10.

  1A and 1B, the adhesive layer 3 is a main surface of a support frame 2 that holds the polymer film 1 in contact with at least a part of the outer peripheral edge of the polymer film 1 in the sticking sheet 10. At least part of the above.

  As the arrangement of the adhesive layer 3, as shown in FIG. 1A, it is provided in a band shape along each of the four sides of the rectangular support frame 2 at positions facing each other with the polymer film 1 interposed therebetween. it can.

  Moreover, as an example of arrangement | positioning of the adhesion layer 3, as shown to Fig.3 (a), it can provide in the position which opposes each of the four corners of the square-shaped support frame 2 on both sides of the polymer film 1.

  As described above, when the adhesive region is at a position facing the sandwich of the polymer film 1 in plan view of the adhesive sheet 10, one of the opposing adhesive layers 3 is bonded by bending the adhesive sheet 10. This is because the other pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 that faces the other can be adhered, and the pasting operation becomes easy.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, the adhesive layer 3 can be provided continuously in a band shape around the polymer film 1. There is an advantage that it can be firmly fixed to the adherend as compared with the case where it is provided on a part of the support frame 2.

  As shown in FIG. 3C, when the adhesive layer 3 is provided in the entire region around the polymer film 1 up to the outer peripheral end of the support frame 2, it is provided on a part of the support frame 2. Compared to the case, there are advantages that it can be firmly fixed to the adherend, and that it is easy to be fixed to the adherend by flexing the film in a complicated manner according to various curves of the adherend.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a), 3 (a) and 3 (b), when the support frame 2 on the outer side in plan view of the adhesive layer 3 provided on the support frame 2 has no adhesive region. When peeling off the sticking sheet 10 from the adherend such as the skin, there is an advantage that it is easy to pick and remove the unbonded portion of the end of the support frame 2.

  The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 is obtained by forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive in the form of a layer on the surface of the support frame 2.

  The pressure-sensitive adhesive used for the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 is not particularly limited as long as it can be attached only for a short time in order to temporarily fix the film to the adherend, but for example, a pressure-sensitive adhesive known in the field of medical pressure-sensitive adhesives can be used. It is preferable to use it. Furthermore, it is preferable to use acrylic adhesives, rubber adhesives, and silicone adhesives that can be used for medical hot-melt application as the adhesive material. It is a material that can be applied to an adherend by melting, and since it is a solventless type, there is no risk of solvent remaining in the product, and there are advantages such as less irritation to the skin.

Specifically, examples of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive include 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, heptyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl ( Examples include (co) polymers having a monomer component such as (meth) acrylate.
Examples of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive include styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer (SIS), styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBS), and SEPS rubber obtained by hydrogenating SIS.

  As a method for forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3, a method for directly forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 on the support frame 2 by a printing method or a method for forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 provided in advance on another base material indirectly on the support frame 2 by a transfer method. Etc. can be adopted.

  By providing the adhesive layer 3 as described above, when the adhesive sheet 10 is adhered to the skin S, the adhesive sheet 3 is adhered to the adhesive layer 3 at a time until the polymer film 1 is sufficiently adhered to the skin S. By temporarily fixing to the predetermined location of the skin S, it is not necessary to press the application sheet 10 against the skin by hand or the like, and the complicated operation can be reduced.

(Example 1)
1. Preparation of Support Frame A 5 cm × 5 cm, 250 μm-thick polystyrene film (manufactured by SUNDIC) is cut out so that a 3.2 cmφ true circular opening is formed in the center, and a support frame having an opening (FIG. 4A ) And (a ′)) were prepared.
2. Preparation of aqueous solution for forming foam film An aqueous solution for forming foam film was prepared by dissolving gelatin (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) to a concentration of 2% by weight purely.
3. Formation of hydrogel film The support frame is immersed in a sol-state aqueous solution for foam film formation at 37 ° C. for 1 second (FIG. 4B, the aqueous solution for film formation 20), and then the support frame is parallel to the vertical direction. The support frame was lifted from the foam film forming aqueous solution so that the foam film of the foam film forming aqueous solution was formed in the opening of the support frame. Immediately after the pulling, the support frame was exposed to a temperature condition of 4 ° C. for 10 minutes to gel the foam film of the foam film-forming aqueous solution, thereby forming a 10 μm thick hydrogel film.
4). Preparation of sheet for sticking The sheet for sticking is formed by transferring a layer containing an acrylic adhesive previously provided on a film base material to four corners on one main surface of the support frame to form an adhesive layer. Was created (FIG. 3A).
5). Evaluation of sticking For the hydrogel film created above, the support part of the support frame on which the hydrogel film was formed was grasped, and the hydrogel film was placed on human skin wetted with water, and at the same time, the adhesive layer of the support frame was placed on the human skin. After adhesion, after several seconds to several tens of seconds, the hydrogel film adheres to the human skin due to surface tension.Then, when the support frame is moved away from the skin, the hydrogel film separates from the support frame, and only the hydrogel film is applied to the skin. It could be easily applied (FIGS. 2 (a) to (c)). In addition, since the hydrogel film is very thin, it can also be applied to curved or refracted parts. With the fingers bent, contact the finger joints moistened with water, and simultaneously adhere the adhesive layer of the support frame to the human skin. After several seconds to several tens of seconds, the hydrogel film adheres so as to follow the curved surface shape due to surface tension. The appearance after application was hardly noticeable.
(Comparative Example 1)
As in Example 1, a hydrogel film was formed on the support frame. Unlike Example 1, an adhesive sheet was prepared without forming an adhesive layer on the support frame.

  In the sticking evaluation, for the hydrogel film prepared above, the support part of the support frame on which the hydrogel film was formed was grasped, and the hydrogel film was placed on human skin wetted with water, and then the support frame part was removed from the skin. When moved away, the hydrogel film did not separate from the support frame and peeled off together with the support frame.

As another method, for the hydrogel film prepared above, the support part of the support frame on which the hydrogel film is formed is grasped, the hydrogel film is placed on the human skin wetted with water, and the support frame is removed by hand. After pressing and waiting until the hydrogel membrane was in close contact with the human skin, the hydrogel membrane was separated from the support frame when the support frame was moved away from the skin, and only the hydrogel membrane could be applied to the skin. there were.
(Example 2)
A hydrogel film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The hydrogel film fixed to the support frame was dried at 4 ° C. for 120 minutes to prepare a dry gel film having a thickness of about 400 nm. In the same manner as in Example 1, a sticking sheet was prepared by providing an adhesive layer on the support frame (FIG. 1 (a)). The same evaluation as in Example 1 was obtained for application to human skin.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Polymer film 2 Support frame 3 Adhesive layer 10 Attaching sheet 20 Foam film forming aqueous solution K Opening S Skin

Claims (2)

In the sticking sheet,
A polymer membrane;
A support frame for holding the polymer film in contact with at least a part of the outer peripheral edge of the polymer film,
An adhesive sheet having an adhesive layer on at least a part of the main surface of the support frame.   The adhesive sheet according to claim 1, wherein the polymer film has a film thickness in a range of 100 nm to 10,000 nm in a dry state.

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