JP2016000935A - Tsunami shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tsunami shelter that facilitates rapid evacuation and that enables a space to be formed without closing an impervious hatch.SOLUTION: A tsunami shelter 1 includes: a body 10 which enables evacuation when struck by a tsunami, in which an internal space 13 is formed of a wall part 11 of an impervious structure, which has an opening 14 communicating the internal space 13 with the outside, and which allows persons to take refuge into the internal space 13 through the opening 14; a support part 20 which is erected from a ground surface to support the body 10; and a slope 30 which is extended to the opening 14 from the ground surface. The opening 14 is provided in a position equal to or lower than half of the overall height of the body 10.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter, and more particularly to a tsunami shelter that can evacuate when a tsunami strikes.

  In recent years, due to a major earthquake, coastal areas have been severely damaged by tsunamis. The tsunami may reach the coast in a short time after the earthquake, and in this case, it is assumed that evacuation to a safe hill is not in time.

Therefore, there are cases where a tsunami evacuation tower that can evacuate when a tsunami strikes is provided in an area where there is no hill in the evacuable area. This tsunami evacuation tower includes a stage provided at a position higher than the assumed wave height of the tsunami, and a staircase that extends from the ground surface to this stage.
According to this tsunami evacuation tower, when a tsunami strikes, the victims use stairs to go up from the ground to the stage and pass the tsunami.

Further, an underground shelter has been proposed that has an escape entrance on the upper side and a shelter body on the lower side, and is connected between the escape entrance and the shelter body by an escape hatch and an escape tube (Patent Document 1).
According to this underground shelter, when a tsunami strikes, the victim enters the escape entrance provided above the shelter body, and from the escape hatch and escape tube, which are water shielding hatches, the shelter provided below the escape entrance. Evacuate to the body.

JP 2014-80847 A

  However, the tsunami evacuation tower needs to evacuate using a staircase on a stage provided at a relatively high position, so assistance is required for the evacuation of physically vulnerable persons and transporters who need it. Evacuation in time is difficult.

  Moreover, the underground shelter of patent document 1 is provided with the water shielding hatch which is an entrance of the shelter main body where a disaster victim evacuates in the upper part of a shelter main body. For this reason, when a tsunami approaches, even if there is a rescuer in front of you, you may have to close the impermeable hatch.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a tsunami shelter that is easy to evacuate quickly and can form a safe space without closing a water shielding hatch.

(1) A tsunami shelter that can be evacuated during a tsunami attack.
An internal space is formed by the wall portion of the water-impervious structure, and has an opening through which the internal space and the outside are inserted, and a main body from which people escape from the opening to the internal space,
A support portion that is erected from the ground surface and supports the main body;
A slope extending from the ground surface to the opening,
The said opening part is a tsunami shelter provided below the half height of the full height of the said main body.

According to invention of (1), a tsunami shelter can be evacuated at the time of the tsunami attack, and is provided with a main body, a support part, and a slope.
The main body has an inner space formed by a wall portion of a water-impervious structure, has an opening through which the inner space and the outside are inserted, and a person evacuates from the opening to the inner space.
The support portion is erected from the ground surface and supports the main body.
The slope extends from the ground surface to the opening.
And the opening part is provided below the height of the half of the total height of a main body.

According to such a tsunami shelter, for example, after an earthquake that may cause a tsunami, a disaster victim uses the slope from the ground surface to evacuate to the internal space of the main body.
In this way, since the slope can be used from the ground surface and the evacuation can be evacuated from the opening to the internal space of the main body, for example, even a physically weak person who uses a wheelchair or a transporter can easily evacuate. In addition, since the opening is provided below half the total height of the main body, the victim does not need to go up to a position higher than the expected wave height of the tsunami, like the tsunami evacuation tower, Evacuate quickly.
Moreover, since efficient conveyance by a slope is possible, it can also be used as a simple rescue center after, for example, a tsunami.

According to the tsunami shelter of the present invention, when the tsunami strikes, when the water level rises from the ground surface and the water level is above the upper end of the opening, the air pressure in the internal space of the main body The above water does not enter, and a safe space filled with air is formed.
In this way, the victims can form a safe space without closing the body themselves, so it is humane difficult that the body may have to be closed regardless of the presence or absence of survivors in front of them. No need to judge.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a tsunami shelter that is easy to evacuate quickly and can form a safe space without closing the water-impervious hatch.

(2) The wall portion is
An exterior part provided on the outside, and an interior part facing the internal space,
A space in the wall is formed between the exterior part and the interior part,
The tsunami shelter according to (1), in which liquid can be visually inspected for leakage into the internal space by injecting liquid into the internal space.

According to the invention of (2), a stable water-blocking structure can be provided by making the wall portion of the main body a multi-layer structure of an exterior portion and an interior portion.
In addition, by injecting liquid into the wall space between the exterior part and the interior part, it is possible to visually check for leakage of water into the interior space. It becomes easy and the running cost can be reduced.

(3) a mixed gas supply unit of oxygen and nitrogen gas for flowing a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen gas into the internal space;
A water level measuring unit that is provided near the opening and measures the water level;
A concentration measuring unit for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal space;
Based on the water level information indicating the water level measured by the water level measuring unit and the carbon dioxide concentration information indicating the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal space measured by the concentration measuring unit, the mixed gas supply unit of oxygen and nitrogen gas is provided. The tsunami shelter according to (1) or (2), further comprising a control unit that controls and causes a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen gas to flow into the internal space.

According to the invention of (3), the control unit controls the mixed gas supply unit based on the water level information indicating the water level measured by the water level measurement unit provided in the vicinity of the opening of the main body and the carbon dioxide concentration information, The mixed gas flows into the internal space.
Thereby, in an internal space, oxygen shortage and a carbon dioxide concentration rise can be avoided, and a safe space can be maintained.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a tsunami shelter that is easy to evacuate quickly and that can form a safe space without closing the water shielding hatch.

It is the perspective view seen from the front of the tsunami shelter 1 which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view seen from the back of the tsunami shelter 1 which concerns on the said embodiment. It is a figure explaining the main body 10 concerning the said embodiment. The functional block diagram of the mixed gas supply apparatus 50 of oxygen and nitrogen gas which concerns on the said embodiment is shown. It is a figure which shows the state by which the tsunami shelter 1 which concerns on the said embodiment was protected by the protective structure 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which removed the protection body 2a from the state shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the installation aspect of the tsunami shelter 1 which concerns on the said embodiment. It is a figure which shows the state which combined the tsunami shelter 100 and the tsunami evacuation tower 5 which concern on the modification 1 of the said embodiment. It is a figure which shows the state which combined the tsunami shelter 200 which concerns on the modification 2 of the said embodiment, and the tsunami evacuation tower 5. FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals are given to the same components, and the description thereof is omitted or simplified.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view seen from the front of a tsunami shelter 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the tsunami shelter 1 according to the embodiment viewed from the back.
The tsunami shelter 1 can be evacuated when a tsunami strikes, and includes a main body 10, a support portion 20, a slope 30, a staircase 40, and a mixed gas supply device 50 of oxygen and nitrogen gas.

The main body 10 has a spherical outer shape. Thereby, the water flow by a tsunami can be carried away and the load by the external force applied to the tsunami shelter 1 can be reduced.
The main body 10 is not limited to a spherical shape, and may have any shape such as a streamline shape or an elliptical shape.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the main body 10 according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main body 10 having a vertical plane as a cutting plane.
The main body 10 includes a wall portion 11 having a water shielding structure, a bottom floor 12 provided inside the main body 10, an internal space 13 formed in a space surrounded by the wall portion 11 and the bottom floor 12, and an internal space 13 and an opening 14 through which the outside is inserted, and a partition floor 15 that partitions the internal space 13 in the vertical direction, and a person evacuates from the opening 14 to the internal space 13.

The wall part 11 includes an exterior part 111 provided on the outside and an interior part 112 facing the internal space 13.
The exterior part 111 is formed in a spherical shape, and a notch part 111a through which a staircase 40 extending from the ground surface to the internal space 13 is inserted is formed near the lower end.
The side edge of the exterior part 111 which forms the notch part 111a is formed in the well-known wave-absorbing shape.
The outer surface of the exterior part 111 is supported by the support part 20.
The exterior part 111 is formed of a metal having weather resistance, impact resistance and waterproofness. For example, an existing gas tank or the like can be used for the exterior portion 111. The exterior portion 111 can be formed of any material as long as the material has weather resistance and impact resistance.

The interior part 112 is formed in a shape along the exterior part 111 above the bottom floor 12 and inside the exterior part 111 by a predetermined dimension.
The interior portion 112 is formed of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) or the like having a buffering effect by being elastically deformed and having waterproof properties. The interior portion 112 can be formed of any material as long as it has a buffering effect and is waterproof.
The interior part 112 is fixed to the exterior part 111 by fixing members provided at arbitrary intervals.

A wall space 113 is formed between the exterior part 111 and the interior part 112.
The administrator of the tsunami shelter 1 can visually check the leakage of water into the internal space 13 by injecting liquid into the wall space 113 and checking the state of the interior portion 112 from the internal space 13.

The bottom floor 12 is a floor board formed inside the main body 10, and is disposed at a position of a predetermined height (for example, 2 m) or more from the ground surface.
The bottom floor 12 has a peripheral hole fixed to the exterior portion 111 and a floor hole 121 in which the stairs 40 are continuous.
The floor hole 121 is formed in a rectangular shape when viewed from above, and a staircase 40 is connected to one side of the floor hole 121, and a fall prevention handrail 121a is provided in the vicinity of the other side.

  The internal space 13 is a space surrounded by the inner surface of the interior portion 112 of the wall portion 11 and the upper surface of the bottom floor 12.

The opening 14 is an opening that penetrates the wall 11 and passes through the internal space 13 and the outside.
The opening 14 has a series of slopes 30, a lower end disposed at substantially the same height as the upper surface of the bottom floor 12, and an upper end disposed at a height equal to or less than half the total height of the main body 10.
The side edge of the wall part 11 which forms the opening part 14 is formed in the well-known wave-absorbing shape.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the openings 14 are provided at two locations on the front side and the back side, but not limited to this, the size of the main body 10 and the tsunami shelter 1 Depending on the situation of the installation location, an arbitrary number of locations such as one location and three locations may be provided.

The partition floor 15 is a floor board that partitions the internal space 13 in the vertical direction, and is disposed above the bottom floor 12.
The partition floor 15 has a peripheral hole fixed to the exterior portion 111, and a floor hole 151 is formed in which an internal staircase 41 extending from the bottom floor 12 to the partition floor 15 continues.
The floor hole 151 is formed in a rectangular shape in a top view, and an internal staircase 41 extending from the bottom floor 12 to the partition floor 15 is connected to one side of the floor hole 151, and a fall prevention handrail 151 a is provided in the vicinity of the other side. .

Thus, the internal space 13 is formed with a plurality of layers. Thereby, more evacuees can be accommodated in the internal space 13 than in the case of one layer. For example, even if the water level rises to the bottom floor 12 that is the first layer, the evacuees can evacuate reliably by going up to the partition floor 15 that is the second layer.
In this embodiment, the internal space 13 has two layers. However, the inner space 13 is not limited to this, and the bottom is adjusted by adjusting the position of the opening and floor hole to which the slope and the stairs are connected according to the size of the main body 10. The floor 12 may be a single layer, or a partition floor may be further provided on the upper part of the partition floor 15 to form three layers or the like. For example, by setting the internal space 13 to be three layers, the evacuees can evacuate to the upper part, and safety is improved, compared with the case where the inner space 13 is formed to be two layers.

  The support part 20 is connected to a plurality of foundations (not shown) embedded in the ground, a plurality of pillars whose lower ends are fixed to the plurality of foundations and extending upward, and a plurality of pillars. And a beam for supporting the outer surface, and the main body 10 is fixed to the ground.

The slope 30 extends upward from the ground surface and is connected to the opening 14 of the main body 10.
The staircase 40 extends upward from the ground surface and is connected to the floor hole 121 of the bottom floor 12 of the main body 10.
In this embodiment, the slope 30 is connected to the opening 14 and the staircase 40 is connected to the floor hole 121. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the slope 30 is connected to the floor hole 121 and the staircase 40 is the opening. 14 may be connected.

Returning to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the mixed gas supply device 50 of oxygen and nitrogen gas is provided in the main body 10 and supplies a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen gas to the internal space 13 (see FIG. 3).
FIG. 4 shows a functional block diagram of the mixed gas supply device 50 of oxygen and nitrogen gas according to the embodiment.
The mixed gas supply device 50 for oxygen and nitrogen gas includes a water level measurement unit 51, a carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit 52, a mixed gas supply unit 53 for oxygen and nitrogen gas, and a control unit 54 for controlling them. For example, electricity obtained from a storage battery or a solar panel is used as a power source.

The water level measurement unit 51 is provided in the vicinity of the opening 14 and measures the water level when the water level due to the tsunami rises above the bottom floor 12 (see FIG. 3).
The carbon dioxide concentration measuring unit 52 is provided near the lower end of the internal space 13 and measures the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal space 13.
The mixed gas supply unit 53 of oxygen and nitrogen gas includes, for example, a mixed gas cylinder of oxygen and nitrogen gas in which compressed oxygen and nitrogen gas are sealed, and a valve for flattening the mixed gas cylinder of oxygen and nitrogen gas. The control unit 54 controls the opening and closing of the valve so that a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen gas flows into the internal space 13.

When the control unit 54 receives the water level information indicating the water level from the water level measurement unit 51 and determines that the water level is above the upper end of the opening 14 based on the received water level information, the control unit 54 receives the carbon dioxide concentration from the carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit 52. Receive carbon dioxide concentration information indicating the carbon concentration.
When the control unit 54 determines that the carbon dioxide concentration is equal to or higher than the predetermined value based on the received carbon dioxide concentration information, the control unit 54 performs control to open the valve of the oxygen and nitrogen gas mixture supply unit 53, and the carbon dioxide concentration is the predetermined value. When it is determined as follows, the valve of the oxygen and nitrogen gas mixed gas supply unit 53 is controlled to be closed.
In this embodiment, the mixed gas supply unit 53 of oxygen and nitrogen gas is configured by a mixed gas cylinder and valve of oxygen and nitrogen gas, but is not limited thereto. The mixed gas supply unit 53 of oxygen and nitrogen gas may be an oxygen supply unit that generates oxygen by another electrical method.
In addition, the mixed gas supply unit 53 of oxygen and nitrogen gas includes a mixed gas cylinder and valve of oxygen and nitrogen gas,
Both of the oxygen supply unit that generates oxygen by other electrical methods may be provided, or only one of them may be provided.
Moreover, you may use together the apparatus which absorbs a carbon dioxide using a chemical absorbent etc.

Next, an example of an installation mode of the tsunami shelter 1 according to the embodiment will be described.
Although the tsunami shelter 1 which concerns on this embodiment can also be installed independently, safety | security improves by protecting with the protective structure demonstrated below.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a state where the tsunami shelter 1 according to the embodiment is protected by the protective structure 2.
The protective structure 2 is provided so as to cover the tsunami shelter 1 from above, and includes a protective body 2a formed in a streamline shape and a support body 2b that supports the protective body 2a.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which the protector 2a is removed from the state shown in FIG.
The support body 2b includes a plurality of beam portions 21b whose both ends are fixed to the ground, and a plurality of eaves beams 22b that connect the plurality of beam portions 21b to each other.
The plurality of beam portions 21b are arranged at a predetermined interval from the front side to the back side, are curved while bulging upward, and extend from the front of the tsunami shelter 1 toward the rear.
The plurality of beam portions 21b are arranged in the front-rear direction at predetermined intervals, are curved while bulging upward, and extend from the front to the back.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an installation mode of the tsunami shelter 1 according to the embodiment.
The tsunami shelter 1 according to the present embodiment is installed under the elevated road 3 alone or in a state protected by the protective structure 2 as shown in FIG. In this way, by installing it under the elevated road 3, it is possible to make effective use of the land and to make the location known to the citizens.

  Furthermore, the tsunami shelter 1 according to the present embodiment can be installed indoors in a sturdy building such as a hospital or an elderly apartment house as an installation example for quick evacuation. In other words, it is also effective to install these facilities and houses indoors in order to carry out appropriate evacuation with a small distance traveled by patients and elderly people.

Next, the usage method of the tsunami shelter 1 at the time of tsunami attack is demonstrated.
According to the tsunami shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, for example, after an earthquake that may cause a tsunami, the victim uses the slope 30 from the ground surface to evacuate to the internal space 13 of the main body 10.
According to the tsunami shelter 1, when the tsunami strikes, if the water level rises from the ground surface and the water level is above the upper end of the opening 14, the air pressure in the internal space 13 of the main body 10 causes the internal space 13 to No more water can enter, and a safe space filled with air is formed.
In addition, the control unit 54 receives the carbon dioxide concentration information from the carbon dioxide concentration measuring unit 52 based on the water level information indicating the water level measured by the water level measuring unit 51 provided in the vicinity of the opening 14 of the main body 10. When it is determined that the carbon concentration is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, the mixed gas supply unit 53 of oxygen and nitrogen gas is controlled to flow the mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen gas into the internal space 13.

Next, the tsunami shelter 100 according to the first modification of the embodiment will be described.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the tsunami shelter 100 according to the first modification of the embodiment and the tsunami evacuation tower 5 are combined.
The tsunami shelter 100 according to the modified example 1 is different from the tsunami shelter 1 in that the slope 30 is connected to the floor hole 121 and the step 40 is connected to the opening 14.
The tsunami evacuation tower 5 includes a stage 5a installed above the tsunami shelter 100, and a stage support 5b that stands from the ground surface and supports the stage 5a.
The staircase 40 in the modified example 1 is connected to the opening 14 and further connected to the stage 5 a of the tsunami evacuation tower 5.
As described above, when the tsunami shelter 100 according to the first modification and the tsunami evacuation tower 5 are installed in combination, for example, the number of refugees is large and all the refugees cannot be accommodated in the tsunami shelter 100. Some evacuees can be evacuated to the stage 5 a of the tsunami evacuation tower 5.

Next, a tsunami shelter 200 according to the second modification of the embodiment will be described.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the tsunami shelter 200 according to the second modification of the embodiment and the tsunami evacuation tower 5 are combined.
The tsunami shelter 200 according to Modification 2 is different from the tsunami shelter 1 in that the slope 30 is connected to the floor hole 121 and the staircase 40 is connected to the opening 14.
The staircase 40 in the modified example 2 is connected to the opening 14 and further connected to the stage 5 a of the tsunami evacuation tower 5.

The tsunami shelter 200 includes a display unit 10 a on the outer surface of the main body 10.
On the display unit 10a, for example, in addition to pictures and photographs showing the scenery in a loop, an advertisement of a local company that bears the cost of the tsunami shelter is displayed. As a result, the production cost of the tsunami shelter can be collected, and a synergistic effect can be expected that the tsunami shelter 200 can be well known as an evacuation site when the tsunami hits.
On the other hand, in an emergency, for example, a red light emitter may be flashed on the display unit 10a. As a result, the tsunami shelter 200 can serve as a mark of an evacuation site, and evacuation can be promoted in a manner that is easily understood by the victim.

According to the tsunami shelter of the present embodiment, Modification 1 and Modification 2 (hereinafter also referred to as the present embodiment), the following operational effects can be obtained.
According to the tsunami shelter of this embodiment or the like, since the slope 30 can be used from the ground surface and the evacuation can be made from the opening 14 to the internal space 13 of the main body 10, for example, Easily evacuate even for transporters. Moreover, since the opening part 14 is provided below the height of half of the total height of the main body 10, the disaster victim does not need to go up to a position higher than the wave height assumed for the tsunami unlike the tsunami evacuation tower. So you can evacuate quickly.
Moreover, since the efficient conveyance by the slope 30 is possible, it can also be utilized as a simple relief place, for example, after a tsunami pulls.
In addition, victims can form a safe space without closing the main body themselves, so it is difficult to make a humane decision that the main body may have to be closed regardless of the presence or absence of survivors in front of them. It will not be pressed.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a tsunami shelter that is easy to evacuate quickly and can form a safe space without closing the water-impervious hatch.

  Further, according to the tsunami shelter of this embodiment and the like, it is possible to visually check the leakage of water into the internal space 13 by injecting liquid into the wall space 113 between the exterior part 111 and the interior part 112. For example, the maintenance for maintaining the water-impervious structure during normal times becomes easy, and the running cost can be reduced.

Further, according to the tsunami shelter of this embodiment and the like, the control unit 54 controls the oxygen and nitrogen gas based on the water level information indicating the water level measured by the water level measuring unit 51 provided in the vicinity of the opening 14 of the main body 10. The mixed gas supply unit 53 is controlled so that a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen gas flows into the internal space 13.
Thereby, in the internal space 13, it can avoid oxygen shortage and the carbon dioxide concentration rise, and can maintain a safe space.

  It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications, improvements, etc. within a scope that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention.

1,100,200 Tsunami shelter 10 Main body 11 Wall 13 Internal space 14 Opening 20 Support 30 Slope

Claims (3)

A tsunami shelter that can be evacuated during a tsunami attack
An internal space is formed by the wall portion of the water-impervious structure, and has an opening through which the internal space and the outside are inserted, and a main body from which people escape from the opening to the internal space,
A support portion that is erected from the ground surface and supports the main body;
A slope extending from the ground surface to the opening,
The said opening part is a tsunami shelter provided in below half the height of the said main body. The wall is
An exterior part provided on the outside, and an interior part facing the internal space,
A space in the wall is formed between the exterior part and the interior part,
The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, wherein visual inspection of water leakage into the internal space is possible by injecting liquid into the internal space. A mixed gas supply unit of oxygen and nitrogen gas for flowing a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen gas into the internal space;
A water level measuring unit that is provided near the opening and measures the water level;
A concentration measuring unit for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal space;
Based on the water level information indicating the water level measured by the water level measuring unit and the carbon dioxide concentration information indicating the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal space measured by the concentration measuring unit, the mixed gas supply unit of oxygen and nitrogen gas is provided. The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit that controls and causes a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen gas to flow into the internal space.