JP2015509503A - 可逆的に架橋されたヘリックス状水素結合サロゲート大環状分子 - Google Patents
可逆的に架橋されたヘリックス状水素結合サロゲート大環状分子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、国立衛生研究所により付与された助成金番号R01GM073943、ならびに国立科学財団により付与された助成金番号CHE1027009およびCHE-0958457の下、米国政府の支援を受けて行われた。米国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
タンパク質二次構造形成の可逆的制御を提供する方法は、タンパク質構造および相互作用を調べるために有用であることがわかっており、治療、診断または他の適用に適し得る。本発明はこれらおよび他の必要性に取り組む。
の構造を含み、式中、R1、R2、R3およびR4は各々独立してアミノ酸側鎖である。他の態様において、安定化されたヘリックス状ペプチド模倣大環状分子は、式
の構造を含み、式中、R1、R2、R3およびR4は各々独立してアミノ酸側鎖である。
本明細書に記載の全ての刊行物、特許、および特許出願は、各個々の刊行物、特許、または特許出願が、参照により組み入れられるように具体的かつ個別に示されているかのように同程度に、参照により本明細書中に組み入れられる。
本発明は、αヘリックスを含む、水素結合サロゲート(hydrogen bond surrogate)(「HBS」)に由来するヘリックスに関する。これらのHBSヘリックスは、生体タンパク質相互作用のインビボインヒビターとして機能する可能性がある。
の構造を含み得、式中、各Rは独立してアミノ酸側鎖であり、かつX-Yはクロスリンカー部分である。
いくつかの態様では、本発明の化合物を使用して、癌および腫瘍性の状態を治療、予防、および/または診断する。本明細書で使用する場合、用語「癌」、「過剰増殖性」および「腫瘍性」は、自律的増殖能を有する細胞、すなわち、早い速度で増殖している細胞成長によって特徴付けられる異常な段階または状態を指す。過剰増殖性および腫瘍性の病態は、病気である、すなわち病態を特徴付けているまたは構成していると分類されることも、あるいは、病気でない、すなわち正常からは逸脱しているが、病態とは関連がないと分類されることもある。この用語は、組織病理的な種類または浸潤度にかかわらず、全ての型の癌性増殖または発癌過程、転移性組織または悪性転換した細胞、組織、または器官を含むものと意図される。転移性の腫瘍は多くの原発性腫瘍の型から現れ得る。原発性腫瘍には、これらには限定されないが、乳房、肺、肝臓、結腸および卵巣起源のものが含まれる。「病気の過剰増殖性」細胞は、悪性の腫瘍増殖によって特徴付けられる病態で生じる。病気ではない過剰増殖性細胞の例としては、創傷治癒に関連する細胞の増殖が挙げられる。細胞増殖および/または分化性障害の例としては、癌、例えば、癌腫、肉腫、または転移性障害が挙げられる。いくつかの態様において、化合物は、乳癌、卵巣癌、結腸癌、肺癌、そのような癌の転移などを制御するための新規治療剤である。
一局面において、本発明は、本発明の化合物を投与することによる、乳癌の治療方法を提供する。乳癌には、侵襲性の乳癌、例えば浸潤性腺管癌、浸潤性小葉癌、管状癌、侵襲性篩状癌、髄様癌、粘液癌およびムチンを多く含む他の腫瘍、嚢胞腺癌、円柱細胞粘液癌、印環細胞癌、神経内分泌腫瘍(固形神経内分泌癌、異型カルチノイド腫瘍、小細胞/燕麦細胞癌、または大細胞神経内分泌癌を含む)、浸潤性乳頭状癌、侵襲性微小乳頭状癌、アポクリン癌、化生性癌、純上皮型化生性癌、上皮/間葉混合型化生性癌、脂質に富む癌、分泌性乳癌、膨大細胞癌、腺様嚢胞癌、細葉細胞癌、グリコーゲンに富む明細胞癌、脂腺癌、炎症性癌または両側乳癌;間葉腫瘍、例えば血管腫、血管腫症、血管外皮腫、偽血管腫様間質過形成(pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia)、筋線維芽細胞腫、線維腫症(侵襲性)、炎症性筋線維芽細胞腫瘍(inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour)、脂肪腫、血管脂肪腫、顆粒細胞腫、神経線維腫、シュワン腫、血管肉腫、脂肪肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、骨肉腫、平滑筋腫、または平滑筋肉腫;筋上皮の病変、例えば筋上皮増殖(myoepitheliosis)、腺筋上皮性腺疾患(adenomyoepithelial adenosis)、腺筋上皮腫、または悪性筋上皮腫;線維上皮腫瘍、例えば線維腺腫、葉状腫瘍、低悪性度の管周囲間質肉腫、または乳房過誤腫;および乳頭部の腫瘍、例えば乳頭部の腺腫、乳腺乳頭部の腺腫、または乳頭部のパジェット病が含まれる。
別の局面では、本発明の化合物を使用して卵巣癌を治療することができる。卵巣癌としては、卵巣腫瘍、例えば体腔上皮の腫瘍、漿液性腫瘍、粘液性腫瘍、類内膜腫瘍、明細胞腺癌、嚢胞腺線維腫、ブレンナー腫瘍、表層上皮腫瘍;胚細胞腫瘍、例えば成熟型(良性)奇形腫、単胚葉性奇形腫、未成熟型悪性奇形腫、未分化胚細胞腫、内胚葉洞腫瘍、絨毛癌;性索間質性腫瘍、例えば顆粒膜莢膜細胞腫、莢膜細胞腫線維腫、アンドロブラストーマ、ヒル細胞腫瘍、および性腺芽細胞腫;および転移性腫瘍、例えばクルーケンベルグ腫瘍が挙げられる。
別の局面では、本発明の化合物を使用して前立腺癌を治療することができる。前立腺癌には、腺癌および転移した腺癌が含まれる。本発明の化合物を、第二の治療、例えば標準治療の一環である治療と併せて投与することもできる。前立腺癌の治療には、手術、放射線治療、高密度焦点式超音波療法(HIFU)、化学療法、凍結手術、ホルモン療法、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせが含まれ得る。手術には、前立腺切除術、根治的会陰式前立腺摘除術、腹腔鏡下根治的前立腺摘除術、前立腺の経尿道的切除または睾丸摘出術が含まれ得る。放射線治療には、外照射療法および/または密封小線源治療が含まれ得る。ホルモン療法には、睾丸摘出術;抗アンドロゲン薬、例えばフルタミド、ビカルタミド、ニルタミド、または酢酸シプロテロンの投与;DHEAなどの副腎アンドロゲンの生成を阻害する薬物、例えばケトコナゾールおよびアミノグルテチミドの投与;ならびにアバレリックス(Plenaxis(登録商標))、セトロレリックス(Cetrotide(登録商標))、ガニレリックス(Antagon(登録商標))、ロイプロリド、ゴセレリン、トリプトレリン、またはブセレリンなどのGnRHアンタゴニストまたはアゴニストの投与が含まれ得る。別の適用可能な治療としては、体内でのアンドロゲン活性を遮断する、抗アンドロゲン薬を用いた治療がある。そのような薬剤としては、フルタミド、ビカルタミド、およびニルタミドが挙げられる。この治療は、典型的には、LHRH類似体の投与または睾丸摘出術と組み合わせて行われ、後者は、完全アンドロゲン遮断(CAB)と呼ばれている。化学療法には、ドセタキセルを、例えば、プレドニゾンなどのコルチコステロイドとともに投与するものが含まれるが、これには限定されない。前立腺癌の成長を遅らせるために、症状を軽減するために、および生活の質を改善するために、ドキソルビシン、エストラムスチン、エトポシド、ミトキサントロン、ビンブラスチン、パクリタキセル、カルボプラチンなどの抗癌剤を投与することもできる。ビスホスホネート薬物などのさらなる化合物を投与することもできる。
別の局面では、本発明の化合物を使用して腎臓癌を治療することができる。腎臓癌には、腎細胞癌、腎外原発新生物からの転移、腎臓リンパ腫、扁平上皮癌、傍糸球体腫瘍(腎腫)、移行上皮癌、血管筋脂肪腫、膨大細胞腫、およびウィルムス腫瘍が含まれるがこれらには限定されない。本発明の化合物を、第二の治療、例えば標準治療の一環である治療と併せて投与することもできる。腎臓癌の治療には、手術、経皮的治療、放射線治療、化学療法、ワクチン、または他の薬剤投与が含まれ得る。本発明の化合物と組み合わせて腎臓癌の治療に有用な外科的手法には腎摘出術が含まれ、これには、副腎、後腹膜リンパ節、および腫瘍の侵襲によって罹患した、他の任意の周辺組織の切除が含まれ得る。経皮的治療には、例えば、画像誘導治療が含まれ、これには、腫瘍を画像化し、次いでこれをラジオ波焼灼療法または凍結療法で標的破壊することが含まれ得る。いくつかの例では、腎臓癌の治療に有用な他の化学療法または他の薬剤投与は、α-インターフェロン、インターロイキン-2、ベバシズマブ、ソラフェニブ、スニチブ(sunitib)、テムシロリムスまたは他のキナーゼ阻害剤であり得る。
他の局面において、本発明は、本発明の化合物を投与することによる、膵癌の治療方法を提供する。この膵癌は、膵管組織の類上皮癌および膵管の腺癌から選択されるような膵癌である。最も一般的な型の膵癌は腺癌であり、これは膵管の管壁で生じる。膵癌に適用可能な治療としては、手術、免疫治療、放射線治療、および化学療法が挙げられる。手術の選択肢として可能性があるものには、膵体尾部切除術または膵全摘術および膵頭十二指腸切除術(ホイップル法)が含まれる。放射線治療、具体的には、体外にある機器を用いて腫瘍に放射線を当てる外照射療法が、膵癌患者に対する選択肢となる場合もある。別の選択肢としては、術中に照射される、術中電子線照射がある。膵癌患者を治療するために、化学療法を使用することもできる。好適な抗癌剤には、5-フルオロウラシル(5-FU)、マイトマイシン、イホスファミド、ドキソルビシン、ストレプトゾシン、クロロゾトシン、およびそれらの組み合わせが含まれるがこれらには限定されない。本発明で提供する方法は、本発明のポリペプチドを投与することによって、または化合物の投与と、手術、放射線治療、または化学療法とを組み合わせることによって、膵癌患者に有益な効果をもたらすことが可能である。
一局面では、本発明の化合物を使用して結腸癌を治療することができる。結腸癌には、非腫瘍性ポリープ、腺腫、家族性症候群、結腸直腸発癌、結腸直腸癌、およびカルチノイド腫瘍が含まれるがこれらには限定されない。本発明の化合物と併せて結腸癌に適用可能な治療は、手術、化学療法、放射線治療または標的薬治療であり得る。
いくつかの態様では、本発明の化合物を使用する肺癌の治療方法を提供する。肺の細胞増殖性疾患および/または分化性障害の例としては、これらには限定されないが、気管支原性癌(腫瘍随伴症候群、細気管支肺胞癌、神経内分泌腫瘍、例えば気管支カルチノイド、雑多な腫瘍、および転移性腫瘍を含む);胸膜の病気(炎症性胸水、非炎症性胸水、気胸を含む)、ならびに胸膜腫瘍(孤立性線維性腫瘍(胸膜線維腫)および悪性中皮腫を含む)が挙げられる。
免疫増殖性疾患(「免疫増殖性障害」または「免疫増殖性新生物」としても知られている)は、B細胞、T細胞およびナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞を含む、免疫系の主要な細胞の異常な増殖、または免疫グロブリン(抗体としても知られている)の過剰生成によって特徴付けられる、免疫系の疾患である。このような疾患には、一般的な分類である、リンパ増殖性疾患、高ガンマグロブリン血症、およびパラプロテイン血症が含まれる。そのような疾患の例としては、これらには限定されないが、X連鎖リンパ増殖性疾患、常染色体のリンパ増殖性疾患、高IgM症候群、重鎖病、およびクリオグロブリン血症が挙げられる。他の免疫増殖性疾患は、移植片対宿主病(GVHD);乾癬;移植拒絶反応に関連した免疫疾患;T細胞リンパ腫;T細胞急性リンパ芽球性白血病;精巣血管中心性T細胞リンパ腫;良性リンパ球性血管炎;および自己免疫疾患、例えばエリテマトーデス、橋本甲状腺炎、原発性粘液水腫、グレーブス病、悪性貧血、自己免疫性萎縮性胃炎、アジソン病、インスリン依存型糖尿病、グッドパスチャー症候群、重症筋無力症、天疱瘡、クローン病、交感性眼炎、自己免疫性ブドウ膜炎、多発性硬化症、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、特発性血小板減少症、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、慢性活動性肝炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、シェーグレン症候群、関節リウマチ、多発性筋炎、強皮症、および混合性結合組織病であり得る。
一態様では、本発明の化合物を、アルキル化剤およびアルキル化様薬剤と併せて、癌の治療に使用することもできる。そのような薬剤としては、例えば、ナイトロジェンマスタード、例えばクロラムブシル、クロルメチン、シクロホスファミド、イホスファミド、およびメルファラン;ニトロソ尿素、例えばカルムスチン、ホテムスチン、ロムスチン、およびストレプトゾシン;白金治療剤、例えばカルボプラチン、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、BBR3464、およびサトラプラチン;またはブスルファン、ダカルバジン、プロカルバジン、テモゾロミド、チオテパ、トレオスルファン、もしくはウラムスチンを含むがこれらには限定されない、他の薬剤が挙げられる。
他の態様またはさらなる態様では、抗アポトーシス性の本発明の化合物は、望ましくない細胞死に関係する、そのような全ての障害の治療に使用される。
一般
記載される場合を除いて、市販等級の試薬および溶媒をさらなる精製なしに使用した。Innovative Technology PureSolv溶媒乾燥システムを使用して、乾燥DMFを得た。記載される場合を除いて、全ての反応物を室温で機械的に振盪したかまたは撹拌した。各工程の後、樹脂をDMF(3 x 5 mL)、MeOH(3 x 5 mL)、およびDCM(3 x 5mL)で連続的に洗浄した。制御された出力、温度、時間および撹拌設定でCEM Discoverシングルモードリアクターにおいて、マイクロ波照射を行った。Bruker AVANCE 500 MHz分光計を使用して、NMR実験を行った。System Gold 168ダイオードアレイ検出器を備えたBeckman Coulter HPLCを使用して4.6 x 150 mm(分析スケール)または21.4 x 150 mm(分取スケール)Waters C18 Sunfireカラムで、逆相HPLC実験を行った。HPLC緩衝液は、0.1%水性トリフルオロ酢酸およびアセトニトリル中0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸からなった。Agilent 1100シリーズLC/MSD(XCT)エレクトロスプレートラップまたはBruker Ultraflex Xtreme MALDI-TOF/TOFのいずれかによって、質量スペクトルを得た。CDおよびNMR研究のためのペプチド濃度を、トリプトファン残基の吸光度(280 nmで5560 cm-1 M-1)を使用して計算した。
Knorr Amide MBHA樹脂を用いる標準Fmoc固相化学を使用してCEM Libertyマイクロ波ペプチドシンセサイザーにおいて、親ペプチド3(0.25 mmol)を合成した。3を有する樹脂を、フリット化ポリプロピレンSPEチューブへ移し、洗浄し、真空下で乾燥した。乾燥DMF 3 mL中のプレ活性化ブロモ酢酸(0.17 g, 1.25 mmol, 5当量)、HOBt(0.18 g, 1.25 mmol, 5当量)、DIC(0.20 mL, 1.25 mmol, 5当量)の溶液を、3を含有する樹脂へ添加した。3時間後、樹脂を、乾燥DMF 3 mL中のS-トリチル-2-メルカプトエチルアミン(0.45 g, 1.25 mmol, 5当量)およびDIEA(0.66 mL, 3.37 mmol, 15当量)で洗浄および処理した。3時間後、4を含有する樹脂を洗浄した。樹脂を真空下で1時間乾燥し、マイクロ波チューブへ移し、キャップし、N2で1時間パージした。
ビス-チオールペプチド1(5 mg)を、20% DMSOおよび10% TFEを含有する0.1 M炭酸水素アンモニウム水溶液6.3 mL(TFAでpH 6へ緩衝化)中に溶解した。15時間後、混合物を冷凍および凍結乾燥し、無色オイルを得た。HPLC精製(45分で5-65アセトニトリル/水の勾配)および凍結乾燥によって、dsHBS 2(1 mg, 20%)を白色粉末として得た。[M+H]+計算値:1553.71;[M+H]+実測値:1553.72;分析HPLC Rt:9.5分(15分で5-95アセトニトリル/水の勾配)。
システアミン塩酸塩(1.00 g, 8.8 mmol, 1当量)をDMF-DCM(1:1, 50 mL)中に溶解し、続いて塩化トリチル(3.68 g, 13.2 mmol, 1.5当量)を添加した。3時間後、不溶性物質を濾過し、DCM(3 x 10 mL)で洗浄した。粗生成物を真空下で濃縮し、その後、再構成および再濃縮した(3 x 50mL DCM)。フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(10% MeOH/DCM)による精製によって、2.35 gのオフホワイト色固体(収率75%)を得た。
1 mm長のセルおよび5 nm/分のスキャン速度を使用して、温度コントローラーを備えたAVIV 202SF CD分光計において、CDスペクトルを記録した。スペクトルは、10回のスキャンを、試料のものと類似の条件からのベースラインを差し引いて平均した。試料を0.1×リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(13.7 mM NaCl、1 mMリン酸塩、0.27 mM KCl、pH 7.4)中で調製し、最終ペプチド濃度は50μΜであった。ヘリックス配座に対する還元剤の効果をモニタリングするために、dsHBS 2の試料を緩衝液条件において75□M TCEPで調製し;ビス-チオールへのジスルフィド結合の還元を質量分析によって確認した。各ペプチドのヘリックス含有量を、アミノ酸の数について補正された222 nmにおける平均残基CD、[θ]222(deg cm2 dmol-1)から決定した。%ヘリックス性を、比[θ]222/[θ]maxから計算した(式中、[θ]max=(-44000 + 250T)(1 - k/n)=-25,170(T=25(℃)、k=4.0、およびn=12(アミノ酸残基の数)の場合)) 7,20,23 。
dsHBS 2のスペクトルを20℃でBruker Avance 500において記録した。Shigemi NMRチューブ中においてPBS中の20% TFE-d3(pH 3.5)300□L中に1 mgの2を溶解することによって、試料を調製した。States-TPPIモードでt1ドメインにおいて72スキャンおよび512インクリメントを平均することによりt2ドメインにおいて2048コンプレックスデータポイントを収集することによって、全ての2Dスペクトルを記録した。6000 Hzスピンロック周波数において80 msの混合時間で、TOCSY実験を行った。NOESYについて、200 msの混合時間を使用した。Bruker TOPSPINプログラムを使用して、データを処理および解析した。元の自由誘導減衰(FID)をゼロ充填し(zero-fill)、1024 x 1024の実際のデータポイントの最終マトリックスを得た。90°サイン-スクエアウインドウファンクションを両方の次元において適用した。
Claims (19)
- ペプチド模倣大環状分子が、対応する非大環状ポリペプチドと比較して、より高いαヘリックス性を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ペプチド模倣大環状分子が、ペプチド模倣前駆体と比較して、より高いαヘリックス性を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- αヘリックス性が、円二色性によって評価される、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- ペプチド模倣大環状分子が、対応する非大環状ポリペプチドと比較して、タンパク質分解に対する高い耐性を示す、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ペプチド模倣大環状分子が、対応する非大環状ポリペプチドと比較して、高い生物学的活性を示す、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ペプチド模倣前駆体が、固相ペプチド合成樹脂によって調製される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ペプチド模倣前駆体が、前記接触させる工程の間、固相ペプチド合成樹脂に付着している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ペプチド模倣前駆体が、前記接触させる工程の間、固相ペプチド合成樹脂に付着していない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記接触させる工程が、溶媒中で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶媒が水性溶媒である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 溶媒がDMSOを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 溶媒がTFEを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記接触させる工程の後に、ペプチド模倣大環状分子が精製される、請求項1に記載の方法。
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