JP2015230190A - Position detection apparatus and position detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a period in which a perspective between a moving body and a landmark is concealed by another article.SOLUTION: A position detection apparatus 30 performs: calculating a relative speed between a moving body and a measurement-target article positioned at a detection zone, the article among articles existing nearby the moving body 1; selecting a combination of first landmarks including only landmarks existing on a side where the measurement-target article does not exist, of right and left sides of a moving direction of the moving body, in a case where an absolute value of the relative speed is equal to or less than a threshold; and selecting a combination of second landmarks that constitute a candidate of landmarks existing on both sides of the moving direction in the case of the absolute value of the relative speed exceeding the threshold.

Description

  The present invention relates to a position detection device and a position detection method.

  As a technique for calculating the current position of the moving body, a position detection device that calculates the position of the moving body on the map from the relative position of the landmark to the moving body and the position of the landmark on the map is known. For example, the position detection device described in Patent Literature 1 images a landmark installed along a moving path of a moving body with an imaging unit. When at least three or more landmarks are recognized, the position detection device reads the position data of the three landmarks stored in advance in the storage unit. The position detection device calculates a relative angle θ between the landmarks as viewed from the moving body based on the image, and calculates the current position of the moving body based on the position data and the angle data.

JP 2001-142532 A

However, when the line of sight between the moving object and the landmark is blocked by another object, the relative position of the landmark cannot be detected, and the position calculation of the moving object is hindered.
An object of the present invention is to reduce a period during which a line of sight between a moving object and a landmark is blocked by another object.

  A position detection device according to an aspect of the present invention calculates a relative speed between an object to be measured and a moving object located in a detection region between the moving object and a landmark among objects around the moving object. When the absolute value of the relative velocity is equal to or less than the threshold value, the position detection device includes a combination of the first landmarks including only landmarks on the right side and the left side of the moving body on the side where the measured object does not exist. Select. When the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds the threshold value, the position detection device selects a combination of second landmarks that use landmarks on both sides in the movement direction as candidates. The position detection device calculates the position of the vehicle on the map according to the relative position of the selected combination of landmarks and the position on the map.

  According to the position detection device of one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the period during which the line of sight between the moving body and the landmark is blocked by another object.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of a vehicle provided with the position detection apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the function structure of the position detection apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the measurement of the position of the scanning point by a position measurement part. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the calculation method of the provisional absolute position and provisional front-back direction of a vehicle. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the landmark extraction process by an extraction part. It is explanatory drawing of an example of a detection area. It is a figure which shows an example of the combination of a landmark and the positional relationship of a vehicle. It is a figure which shows the combination of the landmark which has a comparatively short relative distance. It is a figure which shows an example of the landmark extracted by the extraction part. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the calculation method of the relative speed of the to-be-measured object with respect to a vehicle. (A) is a figure which shows the state where the speed of a vehicle and the speed of a parallel running vehicle are equal, or a vehicle is faster than a parallel running vehicle, (b) is a figure which shows the state where a parallel running vehicle is faster than a vehicle. is there. It is a figure showing the state where other vehicles are parked. It is a figure which shows the state in which the oncoming vehicle is drive | working the lane of the right side of a vehicle. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the calculation process of the absolute position of a vehicle. It is explanatory drawing of an example of operation | movement of the position detection apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the landmark selection process shown in FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the positional relationship of a vehicle and an oncoming vehicle, (b) is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the vehicle and an oncoming vehicle in the time after (a). It is explanatory drawing of an example of operation | movement of the position detection apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the function structure of the position detection apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the traffic congestion of the lane on the left side of a vehicle. It is a figure which shows a series of oncoming vehicles which drive the lane on the right side of a vehicle. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the landmark selection process which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing in case another vehicle exists in the right lane and the left lane of a vehicle. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the landmark selection process which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
(Constitution)
Please refer to FIG. The position detection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention is mounted on, for example, the vehicle 1 and is used to detect the current position on the map of the vehicle 1. The current position of the vehicle 1 detected by the vehicle detection device is used, for example, for calculating a route from the current position of the vehicle 1 to a desired destination in a navigation device mounted on the vehicle 1, or of the vehicle 1 Can be used for automatic operation. Further, the current position of the vehicle 1 detected by the vehicle detection device can be used for driving support for controlling the operation force so that the vehicle 1 continuously travels near the center of the travel lane, for example. The application of the position detection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. The position detection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention can be widely used for detection of the current position of a moving body.

The vehicle 1 includes a wheel 2, a vehicle speed sensor 3, a steering wheel 4, a steering angle sensor 5, a position measurement sensor 6, a yaw rate sensor 7, a controller 10, and a map information storage unit 20.
The vehicle speed sensor 3 detects the wheel speed of the wheel 2 and calculates the speed of the vehicle 1 based on the wheel speed. The vehicle speed sensor 3 outputs speed information indicating the calculated speed to the controller 10. The vehicle speed sensor 3 may include a pulse generator such as a rotary encoder that measures wheel speed pulses. The steering angle sensor 5 detects the steering angle of the steering wheel 4 and outputs the detected steering angle information to the controller 10. The steering angle sensor 5 is provided on a steering shaft or the like. The steering angle sensor 5 may detect the turning angle of the steered wheels as steering angle information.

  The position measurement sensor 6 scans the surface of an object existing around the vehicle 1 to measure the distance from the vehicle 1 to the scanning point on the object surface, and acquires the direction to the scanning point. The position measurement sensor 6 may include, for example, a laser range finder or a radar mounted on the vehicle 1. The position measurement sensor 6 outputs information on the measured distance and direction to the scanning point to the controller 10. The yaw rate sensor 7 detects the yaw rate of the vehicle 1. The yaw rate is the rate of change of the rotation angle in the direction in which the vehicle body turns. The yaw rate sensor 7 outputs yaw rate information indicating the detected yaw rate to the controller 10.

  The map information storage unit 20 stores map information. The map information may include information on geographical landmarks that can be used as a reference when calculating the position of the vehicle 1 on the map. In the following description, a geographical landmark that can be used as a reference when calculating the position of the vehicle 1 on the map may be referred to as a “landmark”. The map information may include landmark identification information and position information on the map. The landmark may be, for example, a utility pole, a signal pole, a sign pole, an illumination pole, etc. installed on the side of the road. For example, the landmark may be a three-dimensional object such as a guide board or a building.

The position on the map stored in the map information storage unit 20 is expressed by the absolute position on the absolute coordinate system with the fixed point on the ground as the origin. The absolute coordinate system may be, for example, a world coordinate system or a geodetic coordinate system. In the following description, the position on the map stored in the map information storage unit 20, that is, the absolute position on the absolute coordinate system may be referred to as “absolute position”.
The map information stored in the map information storage unit 20 further includes road information regarding roads. The road information may include, for example, information on the absolute position of a point where the road passes, information on the curvature of each curved road included in the road, and information on the road width of the road.

  The controller 10 is an electronic control unit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and CPU peripheral components such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory). The controller 10 detects the relative position of the landmark based on the information on the distance and direction to the scanning point output from the position measurement sensor 6. The controller 10 reads the absolute position of the landmark from the map information storage unit 20. The controller 10 calculates the current absolute position of the vehicle 1 based on the measured relative position of the landmark and the read absolute position of the landmark.

  Hereinafter, processing by the controller 10 will be described. Please refer to FIG. The position detection device 30 includes the position measurement sensor 6 and the map information storage unit 20 described above. The position detection device 30 includes a position measurement unit 31, a peripheral object detection unit 32, a movement amount calculation unit 33, a position calculation unit 34, an extraction unit 35, a candidate selection unit 36, a relative speed calculation unit 37, A landmark selection unit 38, a relative position detection unit 39, and a period calculation unit 40 are provided. A position measurement unit 31, a surrounding object detection unit 32, a movement amount calculation unit 33, a position calculation unit 34, an extraction unit 35, a candidate selection unit 36, a relative speed calculation unit 37, a landmark selection unit 38, a relative position detection unit 39, and Processing described later by the period calculation unit 40 is executed by the controller 10.

  The position measurement unit 31 measures the relative position of the scanning point with respect to the vehicle 1 based on the distance and direction information to the scanning point on the object around the vehicle 1 output from the position measurement sensor 6. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the measurement of the position of the scanning point by the position measurement unit 31. In the accompanying drawings, the x-axis direction indicates the lateral direction of the vehicle 1, and the y-axis direction indicates the front-rear direction of the vehicle 1. The lateral direction of the vehicle 1 is a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the vehicle 1. The front-rear direction of the vehicle 1 is a direction orthogonal to the lateral direction of the vehicle 1. Hereinafter, the lateral direction of the vehicle 1 is simply referred to as “lateral direction”. The front-rear direction of the vehicle 1 is simply referred to as “front-rear direction”.

  The position measuring unit 31 mounted on the vehicle 1 is determined as a relative position of the scanning point 60 on the surface of the object 50 by a distance r1 to the scanning point 60 and a direction θ1 in a relative coordinate system having the position of the vehicle 1 as an origin. The position may be measured. The direction θ1 may be a horizontal angle of the scanning point 60 with respect to the x-axis direction of the vehicle 1, for example. For example, the direction θ1 may be an azimuth angle of the scanning point 60 with the vehicle 1 as the origin and the x-axis direction as a reference. In the following description, information on the relative position measured by the position measurement unit 31 may be referred to as “measurement position information”. Further, the relative position with respect to the vehicle 1 may be simply referred to as “relative position”. The position measurement unit 31 outputs measurement position information to the peripheral object detection unit 32.

  Please refer to FIG. The peripheral object detection unit 32 detects an object existing around the vehicle 1 based on the measurement position information received from the position measurement unit 31. For example, the peripheral object detection unit 32 performs a segmentation process on the measurement position information. At this time, the peripheral object detection unit 32 connects scanning points having a short separation distance. The peripheral object detection unit 32 divides the scanning points received from the position measurement unit 31 into segments by detecting a set of connected scanning points as a segment. The peripheral object detection unit 32 recognizes the detected segment as an object.

The peripheral object detection unit 32 detects the relative position of the object based on the measurement position information of the scanning points belonging to the segment. For example, the average coordinates of the measurement positions of the scanning points belonging to the segment may be calculated as the relative position of the object. The peripheral object detection unit 32 outputs the detected relative position of the object to the extraction unit 35.
The vehicle speed sensor 3 outputs the speed information of the vehicle 1 to the movement amount calculation unit 33. The yaw rate sensor 7 outputs the yaw rate information of the vehicle 1 to the movement amount calculation unit 33. The movement amount calculation unit 33 calculates the movement amount (dx, dy, dφ) of the vehicle 1 from time t-1 to time t based on the received speed information and yaw rate information. The time t is the latest measurement time of the position measurement sensor 6, and the time t-1 is the measurement time of the position measurement sensor 6 before the time t. For example, the measurement interval of the position measuring sensor 6 may be Tm, and the time t may be a time delayed by a time Tm from the time t-1.

dx and dy indicate translational movement amounts in the lateral direction and the front-rear direction, respectively. dφ represents the amount of rotation in the direction in which the vehicle body turns. The movement amount calculation unit 33 outputs the calculated movement amounts (dx, dy, dφ) to the position calculation unit 34.
Based on the absolute position (Xt-1, Yt-1) and the front-rear direction (Φt-1) of the vehicle 1 at the time t-1 that has already been calculated, the position calculation unit 34 determines the temporary position of the vehicle 1 at the time t. Absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and provisional front-rear direction (Φtt) are calculated. When calculation of the absolute position of the vehicle 1 and the direction in the front-rear direction at time t-1 has not yet been completed, the measurement values obtained by other positioning means may be used. Other positioning means may be, for example, GPS (Global Positioning System). In the following description, the front-rear direction of the vehicle 1 may be simply referred to as “the direction of the vehicle 1”.

  With reference to FIG. 4, an example of a method for calculating the temporary absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and the temporary orientation (Φtt) of the vehicle 1 will be described. For example, the position calculation unit 34 receives the movement amount (dx, dy, dφ) from the movement amount calculation unit 33. The position calculation unit 34 corrects the absolute position (Xt−1, Yt−1) and the direction (Φt−1) at time t−1 with the movement amount (dx, dy, dφ), and the temporary absolute position at time t. (Xtt, Ytt) and a temporary direction (Φtt) are calculated. The position calculation unit 34 outputs the temporary absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and the temporary direction (Φtt) of the vehicle 1 to the extraction unit 35.

  Please refer to FIG. The extraction unit 35 receives the relative positions of objects around the vehicle 1 from the surrounding object detection unit 32. The extraction unit 35 receives the provisional absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and provisional orientation (Φtt) of the vehicle 1 from the position calculation unit 34. The extraction unit 35 reads the landmark identification information and the absolute position from the map information storage unit 20. Based on the provisional absolute position and provisional direction received from the position calculation unit 34 and the absolute position read from the map information storage unit 20, the extraction unit 35 selects a land from the objects received from the peripheral object detection unit 32. Extract marks.

  An example of landmark extraction processing by the extraction unit 35 will be described with reference to FIG. Objects 51, 52, 53, and 54 are detected as objects around the vehicle 1, and the relative positions of the objects 51, 52, 53, and 54 are pd1 (x1, y1), pd2 (x2, y2), and pd3 (x3, respectively). Assume y3) and pd4 (x4, y4). Further, it is assumed that absolute positions Pr1 (Xr1, Yr1) and Pr2 (Xr2, Yr2) of two landmarks are read from the map information storage unit 20.

  The extraction unit 35 assumes that the absolute position and orientation of the vehicle 1 are the provisional absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and the provisional orientation (φtt), and changes the relative positions pd1 to pd4 of the objects 51 to 54 to the absolute positions. Convert. The absolute coordinates of the objects 51, 52, 53 and 54 are expressed as Pd1 (Xd1, Yd1), Pd2 (Xd2, Yd2), Pd3 (Xd3, Yd3) and Pd4 (Xd4, Yd4), respectively.

  The extraction unit 35 compares the absolute coordinates Pd1 to Pd4 with the absolute positions Pr1 and Pr2 of the landmarks, and extracts objects 52 and 53 that are close to the absolute positions Pr1 and Pr2, respectively, as landmarks. For example, the extraction unit 35 may extract the object 52 as a landmark when the distance between the object 52 and the landmark is within a predetermined distance. The predetermined distance may be 0.5 m, for example. The extraction unit 35 outputs the extracted landmark identification information and relative position to the candidate selection unit 36.

  Next, the extraction unit 35 detects an object located in a detection region that may block the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark among the objects detected by the surrounding object detection unit 32. In the following description, among objects detected by the surrounding object detection unit 32, an object located in a detection region that may block the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark may be referred to as “measured object”. is there.

  Please refer to FIG. The detection region 55 may be, for example, a region formed of points whose distance from the vehicle 1 in the lateral direction is equal to or less than the distance between the vehicle 1 and the landmarks 52 and 53 in the lateral direction. Since the vehicle 1 moves in the front-rear direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction, for example, the relative position of the object 51 may change in the front-rear direction. Therefore, if the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object 51 in the lateral direction is equal to or less than the distance between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 52 in the lateral direction, the object 51 can block the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 52. There is sex.

  For example, the extraction unit 35 detects the lateral component x1 of the distance between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 52. The extraction unit 35 detects a lateral component x2 of the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object 51 other than the landmark. The extraction unit 35 covers the object 51 when both the landmark 52 and the object 51 are located on either the right side or the left side of the moving direction of the vehicle 1 and the lateral component x2 is equal to or less than the lateral component x1. Detect as measurement object.

  Similarly, for example, the extraction unit 35 detects a lateral component x3 of the distance between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 53. The extraction unit 35 detects the lateral component x4 of the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object 54 other than the landmark. The extraction unit 35 covers the object 54 when both the landmark 53 and the object 54 are located on either the right side or the left side of the moving direction of the vehicle 1 and the lateral component x4 is equal to or less than the lateral component x3. Detect as measurement object.

  For example, the extraction unit 35 may estimate the ranges 56 and 57 where the landmarks are installed on the road on which the vehicle 1 is traveling based on the absolute positions of the landmarks read from the map information storage unit 20. In the extraction unit 35, both the range 56 and the object 51 are located on either the right side or the left side of the moving direction of the vehicle 1, and the lateral component of the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object 51 is the vehicle 1 and the range 56. When the distance is equal to or less than the lateral component, the object 51 is detected as the object to be measured. In the extraction unit 35, both the range 57 and the object 54 are located on either the right side or the left side of the moving direction of the vehicle 1, and the lateral component of the distance between the vehicle 1 and the object 54 is that of the vehicle 1 and the range 57. When the distance is equal to or less than the lateral component, the object 54 is detected as the object to be measured.

The extraction unit 35 outputs the detected relative position of the measured object to the relative speed calculation unit 37. Hereinafter, a case where the measured object extracted by the extraction unit 35 is another vehicle around the vehicle 1 will be described.
Please refer to FIG. The candidate selection unit 36 receives the landmark identification information and the relative position from the extraction unit 35. The candidate selection unit 36 selects landmark combinations that are used for calculating the position of the vehicle 1 from the landmarks extracted by the extraction unit 35. For example, the combination of landmarks used for calculating the position of the vehicle 1 may include two landmarks. Further, for example, the candidate selection unit 36 may select two landmarks having a relatively long separation distance in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 between the landmarks as a combination of landmarks used for calculating the position of the vehicle 1. The reason will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The landmark combination shown in FIG. 7 includes landmarks 50 and 51. The angle θ represents an angle formed by a straight line connecting one landmark 50 and the vehicle 1 and a straight line connecting the other landmark 51 and the vehicle 1. Hereinafter, an angle formed by a straight line connecting one landmark 50 included in the combination of landmarks and the vehicle 1 and a straight line connecting the other landmark 51 included in the same combination and the vehicle 1 is referred to as a “relative angle”. write. The distance L indicates a separation distance in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 between the two landmarks 50 and 51. Hereinafter, the separation distance in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 between the two landmarks 50 and 51 included in the combination of landmarks is referred to as “relative distance”.

  Here, the calculation accuracy of the position of the vehicle 1 increases as the relative angle θ increases. However, when the relative distance L is short, there is a possibility that the variation of the relative angle θ accompanying the movement of the vehicle 1 becomes large. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, when the vehicle 1 is sandwiched between a pair of landmarks having a relatively short relative distance L, the relative angle θ decreases rapidly as the vehicle 1 moves, and the calculation accuracy suddenly decreases. There is a risk. For this reason, it is preferable to use a combination of landmarks having a relatively long relative distance for calculating the position of the vehicle 1. For example, the candidate selection unit 36 may select a combination of landmarks having a relative distance L equal to or greater than a set value as a candidate. The set value may be 20 m, for example.

Please refer to FIG. It is assumed that the landmarks extracted by the extraction unit 35 are the landmarks 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, 50e, and 50f. For example, the candidate selection unit 36 selects a combination of landmarks 50a and 50f, a combination of landmarks 50a and 50c, a combination of landmarks 50d and 50f, and a combination of landmarks 50c and 50d as candidates.
Hereinafter, the combination of landmarks 50a and 50f, the combination of landmarks 50a and 50c, the combination of landmarks 50d and 50f, and the landmarks 50c and 50d are denoted as 50a50f, 50a50c, 50d50f, and 50c50d, respectively. The candidate selection unit 36 may determine the priority between these landmark combination candidates according to the relative distance L. For example, the priority may be determined so that the priority is higher as the relative distance L is longer. For example, the priority may be higher in the order of the combinations 50a50f, 50d50f, 50a50c, and 50c50d. The candidate selection unit 36 outputs the identification information and relative position of the selected candidate combination of landmarks to the landmark selection unit 38.

Please refer to FIG. The relative speed calculation unit 37 receives the relative position of the other vehicle detected as the measured object from the extraction unit 35. The relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates a relative speed Vr of another vehicle with respect to the vehicle 1 in the moving direction of the vehicle 1. Hereinafter, the relative speed in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 is simply referred to as “relative speed”.
For example, the relative speed calculation unit 37 may calculate the relative speed of the other vehicle with respect to the vehicle 1 by the following procedure. The relative speed calculation unit 37 is based on the absolute position (Xt−1, Yt−1) and direction (Φt−1) of the vehicle 1 at time t−1 and the relative position of the other vehicle measured at time t−1. The absolute position of the other vehicle at time t−1 is calculated. The relative speed calculation unit 37 determines the other vehicle at time t based on the temporary absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and the temporary direction (Φtt) of the vehicle 1 at time t and the relative position of the other vehicle measured at time t. The absolute position of is calculated. The relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates the speed Vo of the other vehicle in the movement direction of the vehicle 1 based on the movement amount of the other vehicle between time t-1 and time t and the measurement interval Tm. The relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates the relative speed Vr of the other vehicle with respect to the vehicle 1 based on the speed of the vehicle 1 measured by the vehicle speed sensor 3 and the speed Vo of the other vehicle.

  Further, for example, the relative speed calculation unit 37 may calculate the relative speed Vr of the other vehicle with respect to the vehicle 1 based on the relative position of the other vehicle measured at time t-1 and time t. As shown in FIG. 10, the distance and direction from the vehicle 1 to the other vehicle 80 at time t−1 are r1 and θ1, respectively. The distance and direction from the vehicle 1 to the other vehicle 80 at time t are r2 and θ2, respectively. The relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates the relative speed Vr based on the following equation (1).

  Please refer to FIG. The relative speed calculation unit 37 outputs the calculated relative speed Vr to the position calculation unit 34, the landmark selection unit 38, and the period calculation unit 40. The landmark selection unit 38 receives the relative speed Vr of the other vehicle with respect to the vehicle 1. The landmark selection unit 38 receives from the candidate selection unit 36 identification information and relative positions of candidate landmark combinations used for calculating the position of the vehicle 1. The landmark selection unit 38 includes a combination including only landmarks on the right and left sides of the moving direction of the vehicle 1 where no other vehicle is present, and landmarks on both sides of the moving direction according to the absolute value of the relative speed Vr. Is selected from the received candidates. The combination with landmarks on both sides in the moving direction as candidates may be a combination including only the landmark on the right side of the moving direction, or a combination including only the landmark on the left side of the moving direction. It may be a combination including landmarks on both sides.

  For example, when the absolute value of the relative speed Vr is equal to or less than the threshold value Vt, the other vehicle may be a parallel running vehicle or a parked vehicle. In this case, compared to an oncoming vehicle having a relatively large absolute value of the relative speed Vr, the parallel running vehicle and the parked vehicle may stay around the vehicle 1 for a relatively long period. That is, the period during which the parallel running vehicle or the parked vehicle blocks the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark may be longer than the period during which the oncoming vehicle blocks the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark.

  While the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark is obstructed, the position calculation unit 34 is based on, for example, the speed information obtained from the vehicle speed sensor 3 and the yaw rate information of the vehicle 1 obtained from the yaw rate sensor 7. 1 position calculation is performed. For this reason, if the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark is blocked for a long time, the calculation accuracy decreases. Therefore, for example, when the absolute value of the relative speed Vr is equal to or less than the threshold value Vt, the landmark selection unit 38 includes a combination including only landmarks on the right side and the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 where no other vehicle exists. The combination used for calculating the position of the vehicle 1 is selected. When there are a plurality of combinations including only landmarks on the right side and the left side of the moving direction where no other vehicle exists, the landmark selection unit 38 may select the combination having the highest priority.

  When the relative speed Vr exceeds the threshold value Vt, the landmark on the side where the other vehicle exists may be selected, and the line of sight of the vehicle 1 and the landmark may be blocked. Even if the position of the vehicle 1 is calculated based on the speed information and the yaw rate information while the line of sight is blocked, the threshold value Vt may be set so that the calculation error is smaller than the allowable error. The allowable error may be an error that occurs at a calculated position based on a landmark, for example. For example, the error of the relative position measured by the position measurement sensor 6 is 10 cm, the error of the vehicle speed sensor 3 is 2% of the actual speed, and the longitudinal lengths of the vehicle 1 and the other vehicle are 5 m. The case where the speed of the vehicle 1 is 10 m / s is assumed.

In this case, it takes 0.5 s for the vehicle 1 to travel 5 m, and during this time, the error in the calculated position based on the speed information and the yaw rate information becomes 10 cm. For this reason, the threshold value Vt is set to 5 m / 0.5 s = 10 m / s of the vehicle 1 so that the time during which the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark is blocked by another vehicle is 0.5 s or less. To do.
The landmark selection unit 38 determines whether or not the line of sight between the landmark and the vehicle 1 is blocked by another vehicle, and the measurement of the relative position of the landmark by the position measurement unit 31 may be hindered by the other vehicle. It's okay. Hereinafter, the possibility that the measurement of the relative position of the landmark by the position measuring unit 31 may be inhibited by another vehicle may be referred to as “inhibition possibility”. Even if the absolute value of the relative speed Vr is equal to or less than the threshold value Vt, the landmark selection unit 38 determines that there is no possibility that the landmark on the side where the other vehicle is present on the right side and the left side of the vehicle 1 moves. One of the combinations using landmarks on both sides as candidates may be selected.

  For example, the landmark selection unit 38 may determine whether or not there is a possibility of inhibition based on the speed Vs of the vehicle 1 and the speed Vo of the parallel running vehicle. For example, the landmark selection unit 38 may determine whether or not there is a possibility of inhibition based on a comparison result between the speed Vs and the speed Vo. Reference is made to FIG. When the speed Vs of the vehicle 1 and the speed Vo of the parallel running vehicle 80 are equal, the relative positional relationship between the vehicle 1 and the parallel running vehicle 80 does not change. For this reason, the measurement of the landmark 50f is not hindered by the parallel running vehicle 80 until the vehicle 1 reaches the vicinity of the landmark 50f. That is, there is no possibility that the landmark 50f is hindered. Therefore, the landmark selection unit 38 may select the combination 50a50f that uses the landmarks on both sides in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 as candidates. The same applies when the vehicle 1 is faster than the parallel running vehicle.

  Reference is made to FIG. Reference numeral 80a indicates the position of the parallel vehicle 80 at a certain time t0, and reference numeral 80b indicates the position of the parallel vehicle 80 at a time t1 after the time t0. When the parallel running vehicle 80 is faster than the vehicle 1, there is a possibility that the landmark on the side where the parallel running vehicle 80 exists is obstructed among the right side and the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1. For this reason, the landmark selection unit 38 may select the combination 50a50c including only the landmark on the side where the parallel running vehicle 80 does not exist among the right side and the left side in the movement direction.

For example, the landmark selection unit 38 may determine whether or not there is a possibility of inhibition based on the speed Vo of the parallel running vehicle. Please refer to FIG. Reference numeral 1a indicates the position of the vehicle 1 at a certain time t0, and reference numeral 1b indicates the position of the vehicle 1 at time t1 after the time t0.
The landmark selection unit 38 determines whether or not the other vehicle 80 is parked based on whether or not the speed Vo of the other vehicle 80 is zero. When the other vehicle 80 is parked, if the vehicle 1 passes the other vehicle 80, the measurement of the relative position of the landmark on the side where the other vehicle 80 exists is inhibited. Therefore, the landmark on the side where the other vehicle 80 exists may be obstructed. For this reason, the landmark selection unit 38 may select the combination 50d50f that includes only the landmarks on the right side and the left side in the moving direction where the other vehicle 80 does not exist.

On the other hand, when the absolute value of the relative speed Vr exceeds the threshold value Vt, the other vehicle may be an oncoming vehicle. Please refer to FIG. Reference numerals 1a and 80a indicate the positions of the vehicle 1 and the oncoming vehicle 80 at a certain time t0, and reference numerals 1b and 80b indicate the positions of the vehicle 1 and the oncoming vehicle 80 at the time t1 after the time t0, respectively.
Assume that the combination 50a50f including the landmarks on both sides in the moving direction and having the highest priority is selected at time t0. Even if the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 50f is blocked by the oncoming vehicle 80 at time t1, the period is relatively short. For this reason, even if the position of the vehicle 1 is calculated based on the speed information and the yaw rate information while the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 50f is blocked, there is little decrease in calculation accuracy.

  For example, the error of the relative position measured by the position measurement sensor 6 is 10 cm, the error of the vehicle speed sensor 3 is 2% of the speed, the length of the vehicle 1 and the oncoming vehicle 80 in the front-rear direction is 5 m, and the vehicle Assume that the speed of 1 and the speed of the oncoming vehicle 80 are 10 m / s. The period during which the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 50f is blocked by the oncoming vehicle 80 is only 0.25 s, and the position calculation error based on the speed information and the yaw rate information is only 5 cm. Therefore, the landmark selection unit 38 may continue to select the combination 50d50f as it is.

  Therefore, for example, when the absolute value of the relative speed Vr exceeds the threshold value Vt, the landmark selection unit 38 calculates the absolute position of the vehicle 1 using one of the combinations with landmarks on both sides in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 as candidates. Select the combination to be used for. For example, the combination of landmarks on both sides in the moving direction may include only landmarks on the right side and left side of the moving direction where no other vehicle exists, or only landmarks on the side where the other vehicle exists. It may also include landmarks on both sides. When there are a plurality of combinations with landmarks on both sides in the movement direction as candidates, the landmark selection unit 38 may select the combination with the highest priority.

  Please refer to FIG. The landmark selection unit 38 outputs identification information of the combination of the selected landmarks to the position calculation unit 34. The landmark selection unit 38 outputs the relative position of the selected landmark to the relative position detection unit 39. The relative position detection unit 39 measures the relative position of the object near the received relative position by the position measurement unit 31, and detects the relative position obtained by the measurement as the landmark position. The relative position detection unit 39 outputs the detected relative position to the position calculation unit 34.

  Please refer to FIG. The position calculator 34 receives the relative position of the landmark from the relative position detector 39. The position calculation unit 34 receives the identification information of the selected landmark from the landmark selection unit 38. The position calculation unit 34 receives the relative speed Vr from the relative speed calculation unit 37. The position calculation unit 34 reads the absolute position of the selected landmark from the map information storage unit 20 based on the identification information received from the landmark selection unit 38. Based on the absolute position of the landmark read from the map information storage unit 20 and the relative position of the landmark received from the relative position detection unit 39, the position calculation unit 34 determines the absolute position of the vehicle 1 and the vehicle 1 at time t. Calculate the orientation.

Refer to FIG. Let Pm1 and Pm2 be the absolute positions of the landmarks. Further, the coordinates of Pm1 are (Xm1, Ym1), and the coordinates of Pm2 are (Xm2, Ym2). The position calculation unit 34 assumes that the absolute position and direction of the vehicle 1 are the temporary absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and the temporary direction (φtt), and the relative position of the landmark received from the relative position detection unit 39. Is converted to an absolute position. The absolute positions of the converted landmarks are P1 and P2, respectively. The coordinates of P1 are (X1, Y1), and the coordinates of P2 are (X2, Y2). Further, an error between the absolute positions Pm1 and P1 is D1, and an error between the absolute positions Pm2 and P2 is D2.
The position calculation unit 34 calculates an error E between the absolute positions Pm1 and Pm2 read from the map information storage unit 20 and the absolute positions P1 and P2 obtained by conversion from the relative positions received from the relative position detection unit 39. It calculates based on Formula (2).

In the above equation (2), N indicates the total number of landmarks selected by the landmark selection unit 38. In the example of FIG. 14, N = 2.
The position calculation unit 34 calculates the provisional absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and provisional orientation (φtt) of the vehicle 1 that minimize the error E as the absolute position and orientation of the vehicle 1 at time t. For example, the position calculation unit 34 may calculate the absolute position and orientation of the vehicle 1 at time t by optimization calculation that minimizes the error E. Instead of minimizing the error E, the position calculation unit 34 calculates a temporary absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and a temporary orientation (φtt) of the vehicle 1 such that the error E is less than a predetermined value. Also good.

When the relative speed Vr has an absolute value exceeding the threshold value Vt, the position calculation unit 34 determines whether or not the other vehicle 80 hinders the measurement of the relative position of the landmark on the side where the other vehicle 80 exists. For example, when the relative position detection unit 39 cannot detect the relative position of the landmark, the position calculation unit 34 may determine that the measurement of the relative position of the landmark is obstructed by the other vehicle 80.
When the measurement of the relative position of the landmark is hindered, the position calculation unit 34 stops calculating the absolute position and orientation of the vehicle 1 based on the relative position and absolute position of the landmark. In this case, for example, the position calculation unit 34 is based on the absolute position and orientation of the vehicle 1 calculated before the measurement is inhibited and the movement amount (dx, dy, dφ) received from the movement amount calculation unit 33. May be calculated.

  The period calculation unit 40 receives the relative speed Vr from the relative speed calculation unit 37. The period calculation unit 40 calculates a period Ts during which the calculation of the absolute position and direction of the vehicle 1 is stopped based on the relative position and absolute position of the landmark. Hereinafter, the period Ts is referred to as a “stop period Ts”. The period calculation unit 40 may calculate the stop period Ts according to the absolute value of the relative speed Vr. For example, when the lengths of the vehicle 1 and the other vehicle 80 in the front-rear direction are assumed to be Lr meters, the period calculation unit 40 may calculate the value (Lr / Vr) as the stop period Ts.

  The period calculation unit 40 outputs the stop period Ts to the position calculation unit 34. The position calculation unit 34 determines whether or not the inhibition of the landmark position measurement by the other vehicle 80 has ended based on the stop period Ts. For example, the position calculation unit 34 may determine whether or not the other vehicle 80 has passed on the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark. For example, the position calculation unit 34 may determine that the other vehicle 80 has passed over the line of sight when the stop period Ts has elapsed since the measurement of the relative position of the landmark was inhibited by the other vehicle 80. When the inhibition of the landmark position measurement ends, the position calculation unit 34 resumes calculating the absolute position and orientation of the vehicle 1 based on the relative position and absolute position of the landmark.

 The vehicle speed sensor 3 corresponds to a speed detection unit. The map information storage unit 20 corresponds to a position storage unit. The extraction unit 35 corresponds to a measured object detection unit. A combination including only landmarks on the right and left sides of the moving direction of the vehicle 1 where no other vehicle exists corresponds to a combination of first landmarks. A combination in which landmarks on both sides in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 are candidates corresponds to a combination of second landmarks.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of the position detection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Steps S10 to S21 described in FIG. 15 are repeatedly executed until an ignition switch (not shown) of the vehicle 1 is switched off.
In step S <b> 10, the position measuring unit 31 measures the relative position of the scanning point on the object around the vehicle 1. The peripheral object detection unit 32 detects an object existing around the vehicle 1 based on the measurement position information received from the position measurement unit 31.

  In step S <b> 11, the position calculation unit 34 determines the vehicle 1 at time t based on the absolute position (Xt−1, Yt−1) and the front-rear direction (Φt−1) of the vehicle 1 calculated at time t−1. The temporary absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and the temporary front-rear direction (Φtt) are calculated. The extraction unit 35 reads the provisional absolute position (Xtt, Ytt) and provisional direction (Φtt) of the vehicle 1. In step S <b> 12, the extraction unit 35 reads the absolute position of the landmark from the map information storage unit 20.

In step S <b> 13, the extraction unit 35 extracts landmarks from the objects received from the peripheral object detection unit 32. In step S14, the extraction unit 35, candidate selection unit 36, relative speed calculation unit 37, and landmark selection unit 38 execute landmark selection processing.
An example of the landmark selection process S14 shown in FIG. 15 will be described with reference to FIG. In step S <b> 30, the candidate selection unit 36 selects landmark combinations that are used for calculating the position of the vehicle 1 from the landmarks extracted by the extraction unit 35. In step S <b> 31, the extraction unit 35 detects another vehicle from the objects detected by the surrounding object detection unit 32. In step S32, the relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates the relative speed Vr of the other vehicle.

In step S33, the landmark selection unit 38 determines whether or not the relative speed Vr is equal to or less than the threshold value Vt. When the relative speed Vr is equal to or less than the threshold value Vt (step S33: Y), the operation proceeds to step S34. If the relative speed Vr is not less than or equal to the threshold value Vt (step S33: N), the operation proceeds to step S36.
In step S <b> 34, the landmark selection unit 38 determines whether or not there is a possibility that the landmark on the side where the other vehicle is present among the right side and the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 may be obstructed. If there is a possibility of inhibition (step S34: Y), the operation proceeds to step S35. If there is no possibility of inhibition (step S34: N), the operation proceeds to step S36. In step S <b> 35, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination that includes only landmarks on the right and left sides of the moving direction where no other vehicle exists. Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG.

In step S <b> 36, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination with landmarks on both sides in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 as candidates. Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG.
Refer to FIG. In step S15, the position calculation unit 34 determines whether or not the measurement of the relative position of the landmark is hindered by another vehicle. If the measurement is not hindered (step S15: N), the operation proceeds to step S16. When the measurement is inhibited (step S15: Y), the operation proceeds to step S18.

  In step S16, the relative position detector 39 detects the relative position of the landmark selected in step S17. In step S <b> 17, the position calculation unit 34 determines the absolute position of the vehicle 1 and the direction of the vehicle 1 based on the absolute position of the landmark read from the map information storage unit 20 and the relative position of the landmark received from the relative position detection unit 39. Is calculated. Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S21.

  In step S18, the position calculation unit 34 stops calculating the absolute position of the vehicle 1 and the direction of the vehicle 1 based on the position of the landmark. In step S19, the position calculation unit 34 calculates the absolute position of the vehicle 1 and the direction of the vehicle 1 based on the speed information and the yaw rate information. For example, the position calculation unit 34 determines the absolute position of the vehicle 1 based on the absolute position and orientation of the vehicle 1 calculated before the measurement is disturbed and the movement amount (dx, dy, dφ) received from the movement amount calculation unit 33. And calculate the orientation.

In step S <b> 20, the position calculation unit 34 determines whether the other vehicle 80 has passed based on the stop period Ts calculated by the period calculation unit 40. When the other vehicle 80 does not pass (step S20: N), the operation returns to step S19. When the other vehicle 80 has passed (step S20: Y), the operation proceeds to step S21.
In step S21, the position detection device 30 determines whether the ignition switch (IGN) of the vehicle 1 is off. If the ignition switch is not off (step S21: N), the operation returns to step S10. When the ignition switch is off (step S21: Y), the operation of the position detection device 30 ends.

(Effect of embodiment)
(1) The position detection device 30 according to the first embodiment calculates the relative speed between the vehicle 1 other than the landmark and the vehicle 1. When the absolute value of the relative speed is equal to or less than the threshold value Vt, the position detection device 30 selects a combination of landmarks including only landmarks on the right side and the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 where no other vehicle is present. When the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds the threshold value Vt, the position detection device 30 selects a combination of landmarks with the right and left landmarks as candidates. The position detection device 30 calculates the absolute position of the vehicle 1 using the selected combination of landmarks.
For this reason, the period during which the line of sight between the vehicle and the landmark is blocked by another vehicle can be reduced. For example, when there is a possibility that another vehicle may block the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark over a relatively long period, the position of the vehicle 1 is calculated using the landmark that is not easily blocked by the other vehicle. be able to.

  (2) The combination of landmarks is determined according to the relative speed of another vehicle located in a detection area that is a point whose distance from the vehicle 1 in the lateral direction is equal to or less than the distance between the vehicle 1 and the landmark in the lateral direction. select. For this reason, it is possible to prevent an object that has no possibility of blocking the line of sight between the moving body and the landmark from affecting the landmark selection process.

  (3) The position detection device 30 according to the first embodiment calculates the stop period Ts according to the absolute value of the relative speed when the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds the threshold value Vt. The position detection device 30 stops the calculation of the position of the vehicle 1 based on the position of the landmark during the stop period Ts. If the period during which the other vehicle blocks the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark is relatively short, the position of the vehicle 1 may not be calculated using the position of the landmark during that period. For this reason, the landmark on either the right side or the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 can be selected, and the calculation of the position of the vehicle 1 based on the position of the landmark should be stopped only while the line of sight is blocked. By selecting both the right and left landmarks in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 in this way, it is possible to select a better landmark than when selecting only the landmark on the side where there is no other vehicle. Can do.

  (4) When the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds the threshold value Vt, the position detection device 30 according to the first embodiment calculates the position of the landmark by the position measurement unit 31 before the inhibition while the other vehicle inhibits. The position of the vehicle 1 on the map is calculated from the position of the vehicle 1 on the map and the speed of the vehicle 1. For this reason, the position of the vehicle 1 can be calculated continuously while other vehicles block the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark.

(Modification)
The position calculation unit 34 may calculate the average coordinates of the relative positions of the landmarks received from the relative position detection unit 39 when calculating the absolute position of the vehicle 1. Further, the position calculation unit 34 may calculate the average coordinates of the absolute position of the landmark received from the landmark selection unit 38. The position calculation unit 34 may calculate the absolute position of the vehicle 1 by subtracting the X coordinate value and the Y coordinate value of the average coordinate of the relative position from the X coordinate value and the Y coordinate value of the average coordinate of the absolute position. According to such a calculation method, the absolute position of the vehicle 1 can be calculated more easily.

  The landmark selection unit 38 may output the relative position of the selected landmark to the position calculation unit 34. The position calculation unit 34 may calculate the absolute position of the vehicle 1 based on the relative position of the landmark received from the landmark selection unit 38 and the absolute position of the landmark. According to such a configuration, since the detection of the relative position of the landmark by the relative position detection unit 39 can be omitted, the absolute position of the vehicle 1 can be calculated more easily.

The movement amount calculation unit 33 may calculate the yaw rate based on the speed of the vehicle 1 and the steering angle of the steering wheel 4 detected by the steering angle sensor 5. The movement amount calculation unit 33 may calculate the rotation amount dφ of the vehicle 1 based on the calculated yaw rate. The yaw rate sensor 7 can be omitted by calculating the yaw rate based on the speed and the steering angle.
The extraction unit 35 may determine an object whose size is equal to or less than a predetermined value S as a landmark. For example, the extraction unit 35 may calculate the distance between points that are the farthest among the scanning points belonging to the segment as the size of the object. For example, the predetermined value S may be 0.5 m. By determining whether or not the landmark is based only on the size information of the object, the landmark can be extracted by simpler calculation.

(Second Embodiment)
(Constitution)
Next, the position detection device 30 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The functional configuration of the position detection device 30 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the functional configuration shown in FIG. When the absolute value of the relative speed Vr exceeds the threshold value Vt, the position calculation unit 34 estimates the relative position of the landmark based on the speed of the vehicle 1 while the other vehicle inhibits the position measurement of the landmark. The position calculation unit 34 calculates the absolute position of the vehicle 1 based on the absolute position of the landmark and the estimated relative position.

Reference is made to FIG. It is assumed that 50a50f is selected as a combination of landmarks used for calculating the position of the vehicle 1, and the relative position of the landmark 50f measured by the position measuring unit 31 at time t0 is (x1, y1). At time t0, the line of sight between the selected landmark 50f and the vehicle 1 is not blocked by the oncoming vehicle 80.
Reference is made to FIG. At time t1 after time t0, the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 50f is blocked by the oncoming vehicle 80, and the position measurement of the landmark 50f is inhibited by the oncoming vehicle 80. The position calculation unit 34 determines whether or not the position measurement of the landmark 50f is obstructed by the oncoming vehicle 80. When the position measurement is inhibited, the position calculation unit 34 determines the relative position (x2, y2) of the landmark 50f based on the relative position (x1, y1) measured before the position measurement is inhibited and the speed of the vehicle 1. Is estimated. For example, when the elapsed time from the time t1 is Te and the speed of the vehicle 1 is Vs, it is estimated that x2 = x1 and y2 = y1−Vs × Te.
Based on the estimated relative position (x2, y2) of the landmark 50f, the relative position of the landmark 50a measured by the position measuring unit 31, and the absolute positions of the landmarks 50a and 50f, the position calculating unit 34 The absolute position and orientation of 1 are calculated.

(Operation)
With reference to FIG. 18, an example of operation | movement of the position detection apparatus 30 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. The operations of steps S50 to S57 are the same as the operations of steps S10 to S17 of the position detection device 30 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In step S <b> 55, the position calculation unit 34 determines whether the measurement of the relative position of the landmark is obstructed by the other vehicle 80. When the measurement is not inhibited (step S55: N), the operation proceeds to step S56. When the measurement is inhibited (step S55: Y), the operation proceeds to step S58.

In step S <b> 58, the position calculation unit 34 estimates the relative position of the landmark whose measurement is inhibited by the other vehicle 80. In step S59, the position calculation unit 34 determines the absolute position of the vehicle 1 based on the estimated relative position of the landmark, the relative position of other landmarks measured by the position measurement unit 31, and the absolute position of these landmarks. And calculate the orientation.
In step S <b> 60, the position calculation unit 34 determines whether the other vehicle 80 has passed based on the stop period Ts calculated by the period calculation unit 40. When the other vehicle 80 does not pass (step S60: N), the operation returns to step S58. When the other vehicle 80 has passed (step S60: Y), the operation proceeds to step S61.

(Effect of embodiment)
When the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds the threshold value Vt, the position detection device 30 according to the second embodiment uses the landmark measured before the inhibition while the other vehicle inhibits the position measurement of the landmark by the position measurement unit 31. Based on the position and the speed of the vehicle 1, the position of the vehicle 1 on the map is calculated. For this reason, the position of the vehicle 1 can be calculated continuously while other vehicles block the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark.

(Third embodiment)
(Constitution)
Next, a position detection device 30 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Refer to FIG. The same components as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. The position detection device 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a traffic jam determination unit 90 and an inhibition estimation unit 91. Processing described later by the traffic jam determination unit 90 and the inhibition estimation unit 91 is executed by the controller 10. The traffic jam determination unit 90 determines whether there is traffic jam in another lane parallel to the travel lane of the vehicle 1.

  Refer to FIG. Assume that a traffic jam occurs in the left lane of the vehicle 1. For example, the traffic jam judgment unit 90 may determine the speed of the parallel vehicles 81, 82, and 83 that travel in the left lane of the vehicle 1, the distance between the parallel vehicles 81 and 82, and the distance between the parallel vehicles 82 and 83. If the distance is less than or equal to the threshold, it may be determined that the left lane is congested. For example, the traffic jam judging unit 90 has a speed of the parallel running cars 81, 82 and 83 of 20 km / h or less, a distance between the parallel running cars 81 and 82 and a distance between the parallel running cars 82 and 83 of 20 m or less. If it is, it may be determined that the left lane is congested. Further, for example, the traffic jam determination unit 90 may receive traffic jam information of another lane parallel to the travel lane of the vehicle 1 via road-to-vehicle communication. The traffic jam judgment unit 90 outputs the judgment result of the presence or absence of traffic jam to the landmark selection unit 38.

  The landmark selection unit 38 receives the determination result of the presence / absence of the traffic jam from the traffic jam judgment unit 90. When the other lane is congested, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only the landmark on the right side and the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 and having no congested other lane. This is selected as a combination of landmarks to be used for position calculation. For example, in the case of the example in FIG. 20, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only the right landmark without the left lane where traffic is congested.

  Refer to FIG. When the absolute value of the relative speed Vr of the other vehicle exceeds the threshold value Vt, the inhibition estimating unit 91 inhibits the inhibition by the other vehicle with respect to the measurement of the relative position of the landmark by the position measuring unit 31 according to the absolute value of the relative speed Vr. Estimate the degree. Hereinafter, the degree of inhibition by other vehicles with respect to the measurement of the relative position of the landmark may be referred to as “inhibition degree”. The inhibition estimation unit 91 outputs the estimated inhibition degree to the landmark selection unit 38.

  Refer to FIG. Assume that a series of oncoming vehicles 81, 82, and 83 travel on the right lane of the vehicle 1. For example, the inhibition estimation unit 91 may estimate the length of the period during which the oncoming vehicle 81 inhibits the measurement by the position measurement unit 31 as the inhibition degree. Further, for example, the inhibition estimation unit 91 may estimate the traffic flow based on the number of other vehicles detected by the surrounding object detection unit 32 and the inter-vehicle distance between the other vehicles 81, 82, and 83. The inhibition estimation unit 91 may calculate how many other vehicles 81 to 83 pass between the vehicle 1 and the landmark based on the estimated traffic flow. The inhibition estimating unit 91 may estimate the sum of the lengths of periods during which the series of oncoming vehicles 81 to 83 inhibit the measurement by the position measuring unit 31 as the degree of inhibition depending on the number of vehicles passing through.

  For example, the landmark installation interval is 30 m, the inter-vehicle distance between the oncoming vehicles 81 and 82 and the inter-vehicle distance between the oncoming vehicles 82 and 83 are 20 m, and the oncoming vehicles 81 to 83 and the speed of the vehicle 1 are 10 m. Assume the case of / s. At this time, the absolute value of the relative speed is 20 m / s, and the vehicle 1 passes the oncoming vehicle once every 2 seconds, and it takes 6 seconds to move from the side of the landmark 50a to the side of the landmark 50f. During this time, the vehicle 1 passes by three oncoming vehicles 81-83. The period during which the line of sight between the vehicle 1 and the landmark 50f is blocked by one oncoming vehicle is 0.25 s, and the total length of the period during which the oncoming vehicles 81 to 83 hinder measurement of the relative position of the landmark 50f is 0.75 s.

  The landmark selection unit 38 receives the inhibition degree from the inhibition estimation unit 91. The landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only landmarks on the right and left sides of the moving direction of the vehicle 1 that do not have other vehicles, or landmarks on the right and left sides, depending on the degree of inhibition. Select one of the landmark combinations. For example, when the period length during which the other vehicle 81 inhibits the measurement is equal to or greater than the threshold length Lh, the landmark selection unit 38 may select a combination of landmarks including only the landmark on the side where the other vehicle 81 is not present. When the period length during which the other vehicle 81 inhibits the measurement is less than the threshold length Lh, the landmark selection unit 38 may select a combination of landmarks with the right and left landmarks as candidates.

  When the length of the period during which the other vehicle 81 hinders the measurement is less than the threshold length Lh, the landmark on the side where the other vehicle exists may be selected and the prospect of the vehicle 1 and the landmark may be blocked. Even if the position of the vehicle 1 is calculated based on the speed information and the yaw rate information while the line of sight is blocked, the threshold length Lh may be set so that the calculation error is smaller than the allowable error. The allowable error may be an error that occurs at a calculated position based on a landmark, for example. For example, the error of the relative position measured by the position measurement sensor 6 is 10 cm, the error of the vehicle speed sensor 3 is 2% of the actual speed, and the longitudinal lengths of the vehicle 1 and the other vehicle are 5 m. The case where the speed of the vehicle 1 is 10 m / s is assumed. In this case, since it takes 0.5 s for the calculated position error based on the speed information and the yaw rate information to reach 10 cm, the threshold length Lh may be set to 0.5 s.

  Further, for example, when the total of the lengths of periods during which the other vehicles 81 to 83 hinder measurement is equal to or greater than the threshold length Lh, the landmark selection unit 38 includes a combination of landmarks including only landmarks on the side where no other vehicles are present. May be selected. When the sum of the lengths of the periods in which the other vehicles 81 to 83 interfere with the measurement is less than the threshold length Lh, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks with the right and left landmarks as candidates. Good. For example, in the example of FIG. 21, since the period length 0.75 s exceeds the threshold length 0.5 s, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only the left landmark without the oncoming vehicles 81-83. It's okay.

(Operation)
With reference to FIG. 22, an example of landmark selection processing according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, a case where the landmark selection process according to the third embodiment is executed as the landmark selection process S14 illustrated in FIG. 15 will be described. The landmark selection process according to the third embodiment may be executed as the landmark selection process S54 shown in FIG.

The operations in steps S70 to S72 are the same as the operations in steps S30 to S32 of the landmark selection process of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In step S <b> 73, the traffic jam judgment unit 90 judges whether there is traffic jam in another lane parallel to the travel lane of the vehicle 1. If the other lane is congested (step S73: Y), the operation proceeds to step S74. If the other lane is not congested (step S73: N), the operation proceeds to step S75.
In step S <b> 74, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only landmarks on the right side and the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 and on the side where there is no other lane that is congested. Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG.

  In step S75, the landmark selection unit 38 determines whether or not the relative speed Vr is equal to or less than the threshold value Vt. When the relative speed Vr is equal to or less than the threshold value Vt (step S75: Y), the operation proceeds to step S76. When the relative speed Vr is not less than or equal to the threshold value Vt (step S75: N), the operation proceeds to step S78. In step S <b> 76, the landmark selection unit 38 determines whether there is a possibility that the landmark on the side where the other vehicle exists out of the right side and the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 may be obstructed. If there is a possibility of inhibition (step S76: Y), the operation proceeds to step S77. If there is no possibility of inhibition (step S76: N), the operation proceeds to step S80. In step S <b> 77, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination that includes only landmarks on the right side and the left side of the moving direction where no other vehicle exists. Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG.

  In step S <b> 78, the inhibition estimating unit 91 calculates the total of the lengths of periods during which the series of oncoming vehicles 81 to 83 inhibits the measurement by the position measuring unit 31. In step S79, the landmark selection unit 38 determines whether or not the total period length calculated in step S78 is less than the threshold length Lh. When the total period length is less than the threshold length Lh (step S79: Y), the operation proceeds to step S80. If the period length is not less than the threshold length Lh (step S79: N), the operation proceeds to step S81.

  In step S <b> 80, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination with landmarks on both sides in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 as candidates. Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG. In step S <b> 81, the landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination that includes only landmarks on the right side and the left side in the moving direction where no other vehicle exists. Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG.

(Effect of embodiment)
(1) The position detection device 30 according to the third embodiment estimates the length of a period during which another vehicle inhibits the measurement of the relative position of the landmark by the position measurement unit 31. When the absolute value of the relative speed Vr exceeds the threshold value Vt and the inhibition period length is equal to or greater than the threshold length Lh, the land includes only landmarks on the right side and the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 where there is no other vehicle. Select a combination of marks. For this reason, the length of the period during which the measurement of the relative position of the landmark is hindered can be reduced.

  (2) The position detection device 30 according to the third embodiment estimates a total of the lengths of periods in which a series of other vehicles obstruct the measurement of the relative position of the landmark by the position measurement unit 31. When the absolute value of the relative speed Vr exceeds the threshold value Vt and the total inhibition period length is greater than or equal to the threshold length Lh, only the landmark on the right side and the left side of the moving direction of the vehicle 1 where no other vehicle is present. Select a combination of landmarks to include. For this reason, the length of the period during which the measurement of the relative position of the landmark is hindered can be reduced.

  (3) The position detection device 30 according to the third embodiment determines the presence or absence of traffic congestion in another lane parallel to the travel lane of the vehicle 1. When another lane is congested, the position detection device 30 selects a combination of landmarks that includes only landmarks on the right side and left side of the moving direction of the vehicle 1 on the side where there is no congested other lane. To do. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the measurement of the relative position of the landmark from being hindered by traffic congestion.

(Modification)
The traffic jam determination unit 90 may determine whether there is traffic jam in the right lane of the vehicle 1. The lane on the right side of the vehicle 1 may be a parallel lane or an oncoming lane. The landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only the left landmark as a combination of landmarks used for calculating the position of the vehicle 1 when there is traffic on the right lane of the vehicle 1. Good.
The inhibition estimation unit 91 may estimate the degree of inhibition by other vehicles traveling in the left lane of the vehicle 1 according to the absolute value of the relative speed Vr. The inhibition estimating unit 91 may estimate the degree of inhibition by a series of other vehicles traveling in the left lane of the vehicle 1 according to the absolute value of the relative speed Vr. The landmark selection unit 38 selects one of the combination of landmarks including only the right landmark in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 or the combination of landmarks using the right and left landmarks as candidates, depending on the degree of inhibition. May be.

(Fourth embodiment)
(Constitution)
The functional configuration of the position detection device 30 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the functional configuration shown in FIG. When there are other vehicles on both sides of the vehicle 1, the relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates the first relative speed of the other vehicle on the right side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 and the second relative speed of the other vehicle on the left side. The landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only the landmark on the right side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 when the absolute value of the first relative speed is larger than the absolute value of the second relative speed. The landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only the landmark on the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 when the absolute value of the second relative speed is larger than the absolute value of the first relative speed.

  Refer to FIG. Assume that other vehicles exist in the right lane and the left lane of the vehicle 1. The oncoming vehicle 80 travels in the right lane of the vehicle 1, and the parallel running vehicle 81 travels in the left lane of the vehicle 1. The relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates the first relative speed Vr1 of the oncoming vehicle 80 and the second relative speed Vr2 of the parallel running vehicle 81. Assuming that the speed of the vehicle 1 is 30 km / h, the speed of the oncoming vehicle 80 is 30 km / h, and the speed of the parallel running vehicle 81 is 20 km / h, the first relative speed Vr1 is 60 km / h. The second relative speed Vr2 is 10 km / h. The relative speed calculation unit 37 outputs the calculated first relative speed Vr1 and second relative speed Vr2 to the landmark selection unit 38.

  The landmark selection unit 38 receives the first relative speed Vr1 and the second relative speed Vr2 from the relative speed calculation unit 37. The larger the absolute value of the relative speed, the shorter the period during which the other vehicle hinders measurement of the relative position of the landmark. Therefore, the landmark selection unit 38 includes a combination of landmarks including only the landmark on the right side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 when the absolute value of the first relative speed Vr1 is larger than the absolute value of the second relative speed Vr2. Select. The landmark selection unit 38 also includes a combination of landmarks including only the landmark on the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 when the absolute value of the second relative speed Vr2 is larger than the absolute value of the first relative speed Vr1. Select. In the case of the example of FIG. 23, the absolute value of the first relative speed Vr1 is larger than the absolute value of the second relative speed Vr2, so that the landmark selection unit 38 selects only the landmark on the right side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1. Select a combination of landmarks to include.

With reference to FIG. 24, an example of landmark selection processing according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, a case where the landmark selection process according to the fourth embodiment is executed as the landmark selection process S14 illustrated in FIG. 15 will be described. The landmark selection process according to the fourth embodiment may be executed as the landmark selection process S54 shown in FIG.
The operations in steps S90 and S91 are the same as the operations in steps S30 and S31 in the landmark selection process of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In step S92, the relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates the relative speed Vr of the other vehicle. When there are other vehicles on both sides of the vehicle 1, the relative speed calculation unit 37 calculates the first relative speed Vr 1 of the other vehicle 80 on the right side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 and the second relative speed Vr 2 of the other vehicle 81 on the left side. calculate.

  In step S <b> 93, the landmark selection unit 38 determines whether there are other vehicles on both sides of the vehicle 1. When there is no other vehicle on both sides of the vehicle 1 (step S93: N), that is, when there is no other vehicle on either side of the vehicle 1, or when there is another vehicle on only one side of the vehicle 1, the operation is Proceed to step S94. When there are other vehicles on both sides of the vehicle 1 (step S93: Y), the operation proceeds to step S98. The operations in steps S94 to S97 are the same as those in steps S33 to S36 shown in FIG. Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG.

  In step S98, the landmark selection unit 38 compares the absolute value of the first relative speed Vr1 with the absolute value of the second relative speed Vr2. In step S99, the landmark selecting unit 38 includes a combination of landmarks including only the landmark on the right side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 when the absolute value of the first relative speed Vr1 is larger than the absolute value of the second relative speed Vr2. Select. The landmark selection unit 38 selects a combination of landmarks including only the landmark on the left side in the moving direction of the vehicle 1 when the absolute value of the second relative speed Vr2 is larger than the absolute value of the first relative speed Vr1. . Thereafter, the operation proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG.

(Effect of embodiment)
When there are other vehicles on the right and left sides in the traveling direction of the vehicle 1, the position detection device 30 according to the fourth embodiment selects a landmark on the side where the vehicle having a higher relative speed exists. For this reason, since the time during which the line of sight between the landmark and the vehicle 1 is blocked is shortened, it is possible to reduce the decrease in the accuracy of the position calculation of the vehicle 1 by other vehicles.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a limited number of embodiments, the scope of rights is not limited thereto, and modifications of the embodiments based on the above disclosure are obvious to those skilled in the art.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Vehicle speed sensor 5 Steering angle sensor 6 Position measurement sensor 7 Yaw rate sensor 10 Controller 20 Map information storage part 30 Position detection apparatus 31 Position measurement part 32 Peripheral object detection part 33 Movement amount calculation part 34 Position calculation part 35 Extraction part 36 Candidate selection part 37 Relative Speed Calculation Unit 38 Landmark Selection Unit 39 Relative Position Detection Unit 40 Period Calculation Unit 90 Congestion Judgment Unit 91 Inhibition Estimation Unit

Claims (10)

A position measuring unit for measuring a relative position of an object around the moving body with respect to the moving body;
A relative position detection unit for detecting a relative position of a landmark among the objects measured by the position measurement unit;
A location storage unit that stores locations of landmarks on the map;
A measured object detection unit for detecting a measured object positioned in a detection region between the moving body and the landmark among the objects measured by the position measurement unit;
A relative speed calculator that calculates a relative speed between the object to be measured and the moving body;
When the absolute value of the relative speed is equal to or less than a threshold value, a combination of first landmarks including only landmarks on the right and left sides of the moving direction of the moving body on the side where the measured object does not exist is selected. A landmark selection unit that selects a combination of second landmarks that are candidates for landmarks on both sides of the moving direction when the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds a threshold;
The relative position of the landmark selected by the landmark selection unit, and the position on the map of the landmark selected by the landmark selection unit among the positions on the map of landmarks stored in the position storage unit A position calculation unit for calculating the position of the mobile body on the map;
A position detection device comprising:   The detection area is an area composed of points whose distance from the moving body in the lateral direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the moving body is equal to or less than the distance between the moving body and the landmark in the lateral direction. The position detection device according to claim 1, wherein When the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds the threshold, further comprising a period calculation unit that calculates a stop period according to the absolute value of the relative speed,
3. The position detection device according to claim 1, wherein the position calculation unit stops calculating the position of the moving body based on a relative position of a landmark and a position on a map during the stop period. . A speed detector for detecting the speed of the mobile body;
When the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds the threshold value, the position calculation unit calculates the relative position of the landmark by the position measurement unit before being obstructed by the object to be measured. The position detection device according to claim 1, wherein the position of the moving body on the map is calculated based on the position of the moving body on the map and the speed of the moving body. . A speed detector for detecting the speed of the mobile body;
When the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds the threshold value, the position calculation unit calculates the relative position of the landmark by the position measurement unit before being obstructed by the object to be measured. The position detection device according to claim 1, wherein the position of the moving body on a map is calculated based on the detected relative position of the landmark and the speed of the moving body. An inhibition estimating unit for estimating a period length that the measured object inhibits relative to the measurement of the relative position of the landmark by the position measuring unit;
The landmark selection unit, when the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds a threshold value, selects the first landmark combination when the inhibition period length is equal to or greater than the threshold length. Item 6. The position detection device according to any one of Items 1 to 5.   The landmark selection unit is configured to select a combination of the first landmark and the second combination according to a total length of periods in which measurement of the relative position of the landmark by the position measurement unit is hindered by a series of the measured objects. The position detection apparatus according to claim 6, wherein any one of the combinations of landmarks is selected. A traffic judgment unit for judging the presence or absence of traffic in another lane parallel to the traveling lane of the mobile body;
When the other lane is congested, the landmark selection unit selects a combination of landmarks including only landmarks on the side where the other lane does not exist among the right side and the left side of the moving direction. The position detection device according to claim 1, wherein the position detection device is a feature of the position detection device. The relative speed calculation unit includes a first relative speed between the first measured object on the right side in the moving direction and the moving body, and a distance between the second measured object on the left side in the moving direction and the moving body. And calculate a second relative speed of
The landmark selection unit selects a combination of landmarks including only a landmark on the right side of the moving direction when the absolute value of the first relative speed is larger than the absolute value of the second relative speed, The combination of landmarks including only a landmark on the left side of the moving direction is selected when the absolute value of two relative speeds is larger than the absolute value of the first relative speed. The position detection device according to any one of the above. Measuring the relative position of an object around the moving body relative to the moving body;
Detecting the relative position of the landmark among the objects whose relative position has been measured,
Detecting a measured object located in a detection region between the moving body and the landmark among the objects whose relative positions are measured;
Calculating a relative velocity between the object to be measured and the moving body;
When the absolute value of the relative speed is equal to or less than a threshold value, a combination of first landmarks including only landmarks on the right and left sides of the moving direction of the moving body on the side where the measured object does not exist is selected. And when the absolute value of the relative speed exceeds a threshold value, a combination of second landmarks that are candidates for landmarks on both sides of the moving direction is selected,
Based on the relative position of the selected combination of landmarks and the position on the map of the selected landmark combination among the positions on the map of landmarks previously stored in the storage device, A position detection method characterized by calculating a position on a map.

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