JP2015218916A - Thermal storage device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermal storage device capable of maintaining sufficient heat generation reaction of a reactor for a long time.SOLUTION: There is provided a thermal storage device having a vaporizer which vaporizes a reaction medium W and a reactor 3 which absorbs the reaction medium W vaporized by the vaporizer to generate heat. The reactor 3 includes: a packed layer 31 filled with heat storage agent particles which can react reversibly with the reaction medium W and absorbs the reaction medium W to generate heat; an inner flow passage 32 formed to circulate the reaction medium W through the inside of the packed layer 31; and a heat exchange flow passage 33 circulating a heat exchange fluid A exchanging heat with the packed layer 31. Heat resistance between the heat exchange fluid A circulated in the heat exchange flow passage 33 and the packed layer 31 is higher at a position of the internal flow passage 32 which is closer to an introduction port 321.

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat storage device having an evaporator that vaporizes a reaction medium and a reactor that generates heat by absorbing the reaction medium vaporized in the evaporator.

  As a heat storage device using a heat storage agent that stores and releases heat by a reversible reaction with a reaction medium, for example, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1. The reactor of this heat storage device is a heat exchange between a packed bed filled with heat storage agent particles, an internal flow passage formed to circulate the reaction medium and pass through the inside of the packed bed, and the packed bed. And a heat exchange channel for circulating the heat exchange fluid.

  In this heat storage device, by circulating the reaction medium through the internal flow passage, the heat storage agent in the packed bed absorbs the reaction medium and reacts with the reaction medium to generate heat. The heat of the packed bed can be taken out and used for heating or the like. Moreover, it is possible to store heat in the heat storage agent by heating the packed bed and detaching the reaction medium from the heat storage agent.

JP 2010-249212 A

However, when the reaction medium is circulated through the internal flow passage, the reaction proceeds from the heat storage agent near the inlet of the internal flow passage in the packed bed. The heat storage agent after the reaction cannot absorb the reaction medium, and the heat storage agent particles also increase. Therefore, in the packed bed, the reaction proceeds from the heat storage agent in the vicinity of the inlet, so that the reaction resistance of the reaction medium increases toward the downstream side of the internal flow path, and from the inlet of the internal flow path in the packed bed. The reaction is difficult to proceed at a far position. Moreover, the reaction of the heat storage agent near the inlet is completed first. As a result, at the initial stage of the reaction, a large amount of heat is released in the reactor, but it is difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of heat over a long period of time. That is, for example, when the heat radiation of the reactor is used for heating, it is difficult to maintain the heating output for a long time.
In addition, even when cooling using the cold heat of the evaporator connected to the reactor to vaporize the reaction medium, the amount of reaction medium sent from the evaporator to the reactor is reduced in a short time, It becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient cooling output using the evaporator as a cooling heat source for a long time.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a heat storage device capable of maintaining a sufficient exothermic reaction in a reactor for a long time.

One aspect of the present invention is a heat storage device including an evaporator that vaporizes a reaction medium, and a reactor that generates heat by absorbing the reaction medium vaporized in the evaporator,
The reactor has a packed bed filled with heat storage agent particles that can reversibly react with the reaction medium and absorb the reaction medium to generate heat,
An internal flow passage formed to circulate the reaction medium and pass through the inside of the packed bed;
A heat exchange flow path for circulating a heat exchange fluid that exchanges heat with the packed bed,
In the heat storage device, the position closer to the inlet of the internal flow passage is configured to suppress the reaction between the heat storage agent in the packed bed and the reaction medium.

  In the said heat storage apparatus, it is comprised so that reaction with the thermal storage agent in the packed bed and the said reaction medium can be suppressed, so that it is a position near the inlet of an internal flow path. Therefore, the reaction of the heat storage agent near the inlet of the internal flow passage in the packed bed can be prevented from proceeding in a short time. In addition, along with this, the expansion of the heat storage agent particles at this site can be suppressed.

  As a result, even in the packed bed at a position close to the inlet, the reaction medium can be absorbed by the heat storage agent particles over a long period of time, and the pressure loss of the reaction medium toward the position far from the inlet can be prevented from increasing. . Therefore, the reaction medium can be efficiently supplied to the downstream side (side far from the inlet). Thereby, the reaction medium is easily supplied to the packed bed from the entire internal flow passage, and the entire packed bed gradually reacts with the reaction medium. That is, the pressure loss can be suppressed and the reaction area can be greatly increased until the entire packed bed completes the reaction. Therefore, a sufficiently exothermic reaction in the reactor can be maintained for a long time.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a heat storage device capable of maintaining a sufficient exothermic reaction in a reactor for a long time.

The explanatory view of the heat storage device at the time of hydration reaction in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a heat storage device during a dehydration reaction in Example 1. Explanatory drawing of the thermal storage apparatus at the time of valve closing in Example 1. FIG. The perspective view of the reactor in Example 1. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a part of the reactor in Example 1. FIG. The perspective view of the reactor and shielding board which were distribute | arranged in the fluid flow path in Example 1. FIG. Explanatory drawing of how the hydration reaction proceeds when the thermal resistance is uniform. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of how the hydration reaction proceeds in Example 1. The diagram showing transition of the reaction rate of a packed bed. Sectional explanatory drawing of the reactor and distribution control means (shielding plate) which were distribute | arranged in the fluid flow path in Example 2. FIG. The perspective view of the reactor in Example 3. FIG. The perspective view of the reactor in Example 4. FIG. The perspective view of the reactor in Example 5. FIG. The perspective view of the reactor in Example 6. FIG. Sectional explanatory drawing of the thermal storage apparatus distribute | arranged in the fluid flow path in Example 7. FIG. Sectional explanatory drawing of the thermal storage apparatus distribute | arranged in the fluid flow path in Example 8. FIG.

The heat storage device is configured such that the heat resistance between the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat exchange flow path and the packed bed increases as the position is closer to the inlet of the internal flow passage. be able to. In this case, it is possible to obtain a heat storage device that can maintain a sufficient exothermic reaction in the reactor for a long time more easily and effectively.
That is, if the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid and the packed bed increases as the position closer to the inlet of the internal flow passage, a portion of the packed bed near the inlet reacts to generate heat. However, it can be suppressed that the heat is radiated to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat exchange channel. As a result, the temperature of the heat storage agent in the part close to the inlet in the packed bed can be maintained high, and the reaction rate in this part can be reduced. In addition, along with this, the expansion of the heat storage agent particles at this site can be suppressed. As a result, as described above, the reaction medium is easily supplied to the packed bed from the entire internal flow path, and the entire packed bed gradually reacts with the reaction medium. Therefore, a sufficiently exothermic reaction in the reactor can be maintained for a long time.

  It is preferable that the evaporator has a cold heat taking-out means for taking out the cold heat generated when the reaction medium is vaporized. In this case, the cold generated in the evaporator can be used for cooling or the like. As described above, since the reaction in the reactor can be sufficiently obtained over a long period of time, the amount of reaction medium delivered from the evaporator to the reactor can be sufficiently maintained over a long period of time. As a result, it is possible to obtain a cooling output using the evaporator as a cooling heat source for a long time.

  Further, the formation direction of the heat exchange flow path is orthogonal to the formation direction of the internal flow passage, and the portion closer to the introduction port of the internal flow passage in the heat exchange flow passage is closer to the heat transfer passage. It is preferable that the flow rate of the exchange fluid be reduced. In this case, a configuration in which the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat exchange flow path and the packed bed is increased as the position closer to the inlet of the internal flow passage is easily and reliably realized. Can do.

Example 1
Examples of the heat storage device will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the heat storage device 1 of this example includes an evaporator 2 that vaporizes the reaction medium W, and a reactor 3 that generates heat by absorbing the reaction medium W vaporized in the evaporator 2.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the reactor 3 includes a packed bed 31 filled with heat storage agent particles, an internal flow passage 32 through which the reaction medium W flows, and a heat exchange flow path 33 through which the heat exchange fluid A flows. And. The heat storage agent particles can reversibly react with the reaction medium W and absorb the reaction medium W to generate heat. The internal flow passage 32 is formed so as to pass through the inside of the packed bed 31. The heat exchange fluid A exchanges heat with the packed bed 31.

  And the heat storage apparatus 1 is comprised so that the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A which distribute | circulates the heat exchange flow path 33, and the filled layer 31 may become large, so that the position near the inlet 321 of the internal flow path 32 is. .

  In this example, the reaction medium W is water (steam), and the heat exchange fluid A is air. The heat storage agent particles filled in the packed bed 31 of the reactor 3 are made of a material capable of generating heat (dissipating heat) by a hydration reaction and storing heat by a dehydration reaction. For example, calcium oxide (CaO) can be used as the heat storage agent.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the reactor 3 and the evaporator 2 are connected by a medium pipe 11 through which the reaction medium W is circulated. The medium pipe 11 is provided with a valve 111 so that the movement of the reaction medium W between the reactor 3 and the evaporator 2 can be controlled.
Further, the evaporator 2 has a cold heat taking-out means for taking out the cold heat generated when the reaction medium W is vaporized. In this example, the cold heat taking-out means is the refrigerant flow passage 21 formed so as to pass through the evaporator 2, and for example, air can be used as the refrigerant C flowing through the refrigerant flow passage 21.

When heat is generated (heat radiation) in the reactor 3, the reaction medium W is evaporated in the evaporator 2 and the valve 111 is opened as shown in FIG. Thereby, the evaporated reaction medium W is sent to the reactor 3 through the medium pipe 11. Then, the reaction medium W reacts with the heat storage agent of the packed bed 31 in the reactor 3. That is, the heat storage agent causes a hydration reaction. Thereby, the packed bed 31 of the reactor 3 generates heat. This heat moves to the heat exchange fluid A and is used for heat of heating and the like.
Moreover, the cold heat accompanying the vaporization of the reaction medium W in the evaporator 2 moves to the refrigerant C flowing through the refrigerant flow passage 21 and is used for cooling.

  When storing heat in the reactor 3, as shown in FIG. 2, the reactor 3 is heated and the valve 111 is opened. As a result, a dehydration reaction occurs in the packed bed 31 of the reactor 3, and water vapor (reaction medium W) separated from the reactor 3 is sent to the evaporator 2 through the medium pipe 11. At this time, the evaporator 2 functions as a condenser. That is, in the evaporator 2 (condenser), the gaseous reaction medium W (water vapor) is condensed into a liquid reaction medium W (water). In addition, in this example, although the evaporator 2 showed the structure which served as the condenser, it is good also as a structure which provided the condenser separately from the evaporator 2. FIG.

  In addition, after storing heat in the heat storage agent (packed bed 31) of the reactor 3 by dehydration reaction, as shown in FIG. 3, the valve 111 is closed so that the hydration reaction does not occur until a desired timing. Can keep.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the reactor 3 includes a plurality of packed beds 31, a plurality of internal flow passages 32, and a plurality of heat exchange passages 33. In this example, the internal flow passage 32 has a shape spreading in a planar shape along the entire surface of the packed bed 31, but the shape is not necessarily limited. Moreover, the thickness of the internal flow path 32 is about 0.5-5 mm, for example. Further, the heat exchange flow path 33 is disposed in contact with the surface of the packed bed 31 on the side opposite to the internal flow passage 32. And the fin 331 is arrange | positioned inside. The fin 331 is made of a metal such as stainless steel, for example, and functions to rectify the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange channel 33 and to reduce the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A and the packed bed 31. And have. The fins 331 also have a function of increasing the strength of the heat exchange channel 33. Further, the heat exchange flow path 33 is spatially isolated from the packed bed 31 and the internal flow passage 32. Therefore, the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 does not leak into the packed bed 31 or the internal flow passage 32.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which a part of the reactor 3 is extracted. As shown in the figure, the direction of the reaction medium W flowing through the internal flow passage 32 and the direction of the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 are orthogonal to each other.
That is, the formation direction of the heat exchange flow path 33 is orthogonal to the formation direction of the internal flow passage 32. In the heat exchange flow path 33, the portion closer to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32 is configured such that the flow rate of the heat exchange fluid A becomes smaller. Thereby, it is comprised so that the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A and the filling layer 31 may become large as the position is closer to the introduction port 321.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the reactor 3 is provided in the fluid flow path 12 through which the heat exchange fluid A flows. The fluid channel 12 is provided with a shielding plate 4 that shields a part of the channel on the upstream side of the reactor 3. The shield plate 4 is formed so as to overlap a portion of the heat exchange channel 33 close to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32 when viewed from the channel direction.

  Thereby, the flow rate of the heat exchange fluid A becomes smaller as the portion of the heat exchange flow path 33 is closer to the introduction port 321 of the internal flow passage 32, and the heat exchange fluid A and the packed bed 31 are closer to the introduction port 321. The thermal resistance between is increased.

  Further, the heat storage device 1 of this example can be used by being mounted on a vehicle. And the heat | fever by the exothermic reaction (hydration reaction) in the reactor 3 can be used for the heating of a vehicle interior. Further, the cold heat in the evaporator 2 can be used for cooling the passenger compartment. In particular, heat storage (dehydration reaction) is performed on the heat storage agent when the vehicle is running, and heat is released from the reactor 3 (hydration reaction) when the vehicle is stopped, so that air conditioning can be performed efficiently when the vehicle is stopped.

Next, the function and effect of this example will be described.
The heat storage device 1 is configured such that the heat resistance between the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 and the packed bed 31 increases as the position is closer to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32. . Therefore, even if a portion of the packed bed 31 near the inlet 321 reacts and generates heat, the heat can be prevented from being radiated to the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33. As a result, the temperature of the heat storage agent in the portion of the packed bed 31 close to the inlet 321 can be maintained high, and the reaction rate of this portion can be reduced. In addition, along with this, the expansion of the heat storage agent particles at this site can be suppressed.

  In addition, the heat storage agent generally has a reaction rate that varies depending on the temperature, and when the temperature becomes too high, the reaction rate decreases. For example, when a heat storage agent composed of calcium oxide (CaO) undergoes a hydration reaction, the reaction rate increases when the temperature of the heat storage agent is around 100 ° C., and when the temperature rises beyond this, the reaction rate decreases. On the other hand, when the heat is generated by the hydration reaction, the temperature of the heat storage agent itself increases, so the reaction rate decreases. However, when the packed bed 31 (heat storage agent) is sufficiently removed by the heat exchange fluid A, an increase in the temperature of the heat storage agent is suppressed, and a decrease in the reaction rate is also suppressed. Therefore, in order to prevent the reaction of the portion near the inlet 321 in the packed bed 31 from proceeding excessively, the temperature may be kept high by refraining from heat removal of the heat storage agent in that portion. For this purpose, the heat resistance between the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 and the packed bed 31 increases as the position is closer to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32, and this portion of the heat storage agent. The reaction rate is suppressed.

  As a result, even in the packed bed 31 at a position close to the inlet 321, the reaction medium can be absorbed by the heat storage agent particles for a long time, and the pressure loss of the reaction medium W toward the position far from the inlet 321 increases. Can be prevented. Therefore, the reaction medium W can be efficiently supplied to the downstream side (the side far from the inlet 321). Accordingly, the reaction medium W is easily supplied from the entire internal flow passage 32 to the packed bed 31, and the entire packed bed 31 gradually reacts with the reaction medium W. That is, the reaction area can be greatly increased until the entire packed bed 31 completes the reaction. Therefore, a sufficient exothermic reaction (hydration reaction) in the reactor 3 can be maintained for a long time.

  This point will be described with reference to FIGS. In each figure, the patterns R1, R2, and R3 drawn in the packed bed 31 schematically depict the progress of the hydration reaction, where R1 is the portion where the reaction has proceeded most, and then R2, R3. Indicates that the reaction proceeds in order.

  If the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 and the packed bed 31 is uniform regardless of the distance from the inlet 321, as shown in FIG. The reaction greatly proceeds locally from the heat storage agent of the packed bed 31 at a position close to the inlet 321. That is, the reaction medium W introduced into the internal flow passage 32 from the inlet 321 reacts with the heat storage agent in the vicinity of the inlet 321 that first contacts, and the temperature of the heat storage agent in this portion increases. However, since this heat is removed by the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33, the reaction of this part further proceeds without the reaction rate of the heat storage agent being settled. As a result, the reaction of the heat storage agent in the vicinity of the introduction port 321 is promoted and the reaction is completed at an early stage, and the heat storage agent particles are also expanded early.

Thereafter, as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, the heat storage agent at a position far from the inlet 321 in the packed bed 31 also reacts sequentially, but its reaction efficiency is small.
That is, the heat storage agent particles on the upstream side sufficiently react to reduce the reaction medium absorption power, and after the heat storage agent particles expand, the reaction medium W flowing through the internal flow passage 32 is separated from the introduction port 321. If it does not go to the position, it will become difficult to introduce into the packed bed 31. Therefore, the pressure loss of the reaction medium W in the internal flow passage 32 increases. Therefore, since the reaction medium W is not efficiently supplied to the site far from the inlet 321, the reaction rate at the site far from the inlet 321 becomes slow. On the other hand, the reaction of the heat storage agent particles on the upstream side is completed early. Therefore, as shown by the curve L0 in FIG. 9, the reaction rate obtained in the packed bed 31 is high immediately after the start of the reaction, but the reaction rate in the packed bed 31 becomes lower as time elapses from the start of the reaction. As a result, it becomes difficult to maintain a sufficient hydration reaction for a long time. That is, it becomes difficult to maintain the high output of the air conditioning for a long time.

  On the other hand, in the heat storage device 1 of this example, the heat resistance between the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 and the packed bed 31 is increased as the position is closer to the introduction port 321. is there. Thereby, when the heat storage agent near the inlet 321 first undergoes a hydration reaction and the temperature rises, this heat is not easily removed by the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33. That is, the temperature near the inlet 321 is maintained at a high temperature. If it does so, reaction of this part will be suppressed and expansion of the thermal storage agent particles will also be controlled.

  Therefore, the reaction of the heat storage agent near the inlet 321 gradually proceeds over a long period of time. Along with this, expansion of the heat storage agent particles in the vicinity of the inlet 321 is also suppressed. Thereby, it can suppress that the pressure loss of the reaction medium W which flows into the internal flow path 32 toward a position far from the inlet 321 becomes large. Therefore, the reaction medium W is also efficiently supplied to the downstream side. Then, as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C, the reaction medium W is supplied to the packed bed 31 uniformly from the entire internal flow path 32, and the packing is performed from the upstream side to the downstream side. In the entire layer 31, a hydration reaction occurs gradually over a long period of time. As a result, the pressure loss in the packed bed 31 is also reduced, and a sufficient reaction rate can be obtained over a long period of time as shown by the curve L1 in FIG.

  Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, since the evaporator 2 has a cold-heat extraction means (refrigerant flow path 21), the cold heat which arises in the evaporator 2 can be utilized for an air conditioning. As described above, since the reaction in the reactor 3 is sufficiently obtained for a long time, the amount of the reaction medium W sent from the evaporator 2 to the reactor 3 can be sufficiently maintained for a long time. As a result, it is possible to sufficiently obtain a cooling output using the evaporator 2 as a cooling heat source for a long time.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the formation direction of the heat exchange flow path 33 is orthogonal to the formation direction of the internal flow path 32, and the inlet 321 of the internal flow path 32 in the heat exchange flow path 33. It is comprised so that the flow volume of the heat exchange fluid A may become small as the site | part near. Thus, a configuration in which the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 and the packed bed 31 increases as the position closer to the introduction port 321 of the internal flow passage 32 becomes easier and more reliable. Can be realized.

  Further, a shielding plate 4 is provided on the upstream side of the reactor 3 in the fluid flow path 12 in which the reactor 3 is disposed. Thereby, the flow volume of the heat exchange fluid A in the position near the inlet 321 of the internal flow path 32 can be reduced easily and effectively. Therefore, a configuration in which the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A and the packed bed 31 increases as the position is closer to the introduction port 321 can be easily and reliably realized.

  As described above, according to this example, it is possible to provide a heat storage device that can maintain a sufficient exothermic reaction in a reactor for a long time.

  For example, when a heat storage agent made of calcium oxide (CaO) undergoes a hydration reaction, the reaction rate increases when the temperature of the heat storage agent is around 100 ° C., and the reaction rate decreases when the temperature rises beyond this. The reaction rate decreases even if the temperature is lower than around 0 ° C. Therefore, even if the packed bed 31 has a configuration in which the temperature is lowered as the site is farther from the inlet 321, the temperature is not lowered as the temperature falls below 100 ° C. (reaction rate peak temperature), It is desirable to keep the temperature between the portion near the inlet 321 and the temperature near 100 ° C. In addition to the case where the reactor 3 utilizes a hydration reaction of calcium oxide, each site in the packed bed 31 in an appropriate range (range above the reaction rate peak temperature) according to the temperature dependence of the reaction rate. To be able to adjust the temperature.

(Example 2)
In this example, as shown in FIG. 10, an example of the heat storage device 1 having the distribution control means 41 that changes the flow rate distribution of the heat exchange fluid A to the heat exchange flow path 33 in the formation direction (Z direction) of the internal flow passage 32. It is.
That is, also in this example, the reactor 3 is provided in the fluid flow path 12 through which the heat exchange fluid A flows. In the fluid flow path 12, a shielding plate 4 is provided on the upstream side of the reactor 3. In this example, the shielding plate 4 is movable, and this is the distribution control means 41. Thereby, as shown to Fig.10 (a), (b), (c), it is comprised so that the area | region which shields the heat exchange flow path 33 can be changed.
Others are the same as in the first embodiment. Of the reference numerals used in this example or the drawings relating to this example, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment denote the same components as in the first embodiment unless otherwise specified.

In the case of this example, a sufficient exothermic reaction can be maintained in the reactor 3 for a long time, or a highly exothermic reaction can be caused in a short time.
That is, for example, as usual, as shown in FIG. 10A, the heat exchange flow path 33 in the vicinity of the inlet 321 of the internal flow path 32 is shielded by the shielding plate 4 (distribution control means 41). Thereby, it becomes the state similar to Example 1, and it becomes possible to obtain the heating output and cooling output over a long time.

  Then, when rapid heating or rapid cooling is desired, the entire heat exchange flow path 33 is subjected to heat exchange by folding the shielding plate 4 so as not to shield the heat exchange flow path 33 as shown in FIG. Fluid A is supplied to cause a large hydration reaction in the reactor 3. Thereby, heating output and cooling output can be enlarged.

Moreover, according to the magnitude | size of the output of the cooling / heating required, the area | region where the shielding board 4 (distribution control means 41) shields the heat exchange flow path 33 can also be adjusted like FIG.10 (b). .
As described above, the heat storage device 1 of this example changes the flow rate distribution of the heat exchange fluid A to the heat exchange flow path 33 in the formation direction (Z direction) of the internal flow passage 32 by the distribution control means 41, thereby As long as possible, a high output air conditioning output can be obtained as required.
In addition, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are obtained.

(Example 3)
In this example, as shown in FIG. 11, the particle size of the heat storage agent particles filled in the packed bed 31 is increased as the position is closer to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32.
Thereby, as for the heat storage apparatus 1 of this example, the heat resistance between the heat exchange fluid A and the packed bed 31 which distribute | circulates the heat exchange flow path 33 becomes large so that the position close | similar to the inlet 321 of the internal flow path 32. It is as a structure.
Others are the same as in the first embodiment. Of the reference numerals used in this example or the drawings relating to this example, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment denote the same components as in the first embodiment unless otherwise specified.

  In the case of this example, the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A and the packed bed 31 is changed by changing the thermal conductivity in the packed bed 31 depending on the part. That is, by increasing the particle size of the heat storage agent particles in the packed bed 31 closer to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32, the gap between the particles increases and the thermal conductivity decreases. On the other hand, the farther away from the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32, the smaller the particle size of the heat storage agent particles in the packed bed 31 and densely filling the heat storage agent particles, the gap between the particles becomes smaller, and the heat The conductivity is increasing.

Accordingly, the heat between the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 and the packed bed 31 is closer to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32 without particularly changing the flow rate of the heat exchange fluid A. A configuration in which the resistance is increased can be obtained. That is, for example, a sufficient exothermic reaction in the reactor 3 can be maintained for a long time without providing the shielding plate 4 (FIG. 6) shown in the first embodiment.
In addition, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are obtained.

Example 4
In this example, as shown in FIG. 12, the arrangement density of the fins 331 in the heat exchange flow path 33 is smaller as the position closer to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32.
Thereby, as for the heat storage apparatus 1 of this example, the heat resistance between the heat exchange fluid A and the packed bed 31 which distribute | circulates the heat exchange flow path 33 becomes large so that the position close | similar to the inlet 321 of the internal flow path 32. It is as a structure.
Others are the same as in the first embodiment. Of the reference numerals used in this example or the drawings relating to this example, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment denote the same components as in the first embodiment unless otherwise specified.

In the case of this example, the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A and the packed bed 31 is changed by changing the heat exchange area with the heat exchange fluid A in the heat exchange flow passage 33 depending on the part. . That is, the closer to the inlet 321 of the internal flow passage 32, the greater the heat resistance by reducing the heat exchange area in the heat exchange flow passage 33. On the other hand, the heat resistance is reduced by increasing the heat exchange area in the heat exchange flow passage 33 as the position is farther from the introduction port 321 of the internal flow passage 32. Thereby, for example, sufficient exothermic reaction in the reactor 3 can be maintained for a long time without providing the shielding plate 4 (FIG. 6) shown in the first embodiment.
In addition, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are obtained.

(Example 5)
In this example, as shown in FIG. 13, after passing through a position far from the inlet 321 of the internal flow path 32 as a flow path of the heat exchange fluid A in the heat exchange flow path 33, it passes through a position close to the inlet 321. This is an example of the configuration.
Others are the same as in the first embodiment. Of the reference numerals used in this example or the drawings relating to this example, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment denote the same components as in the first embodiment unless otherwise specified.

In the case of this example, the heat exchange fluid A once heat-exchanges with the packed bed 31 at a position far from the inlet 321 and rises in temperature, and then exchanges heat with the packed bed 31 again at a position near the inlet 321. It will be. Therefore, a temperature decrease of the heat storage agent particles at a position close to the introduction port 321 can be suppressed. Thereby, the reaction between the heat storage agent and the reaction medium W in the packed bed 31 can be suppressed closer to the inlet 321. Therefore, a sufficiently exothermic reaction in the reactor 3 can be maintained more effectively for a long time.
In addition, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are obtained.

(Example 6)
In this example, as shown in FIG. 14, the flow direction of the heat exchange fluid A in the heat exchange flow path 33 is opposite to the flow direction of the reaction medium W in the internal flow passage 32.
That is, the heat exchange fluid A is introduced into the heat exchange flow path 33 from the surface on the opposite side of the introduction port 321 of the internal flow passage 32 and is discharged from the surface on the same side as the introduction port 321.
Others are the same as in the first embodiment. Of the reference numerals used in this example or the drawings relating to this example, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment denote the same components as in the first embodiment unless otherwise specified.

In the case of this example, the heat exchange fluid A having a relatively low temperature is introduced into the heat exchange flow path 33 from the side far from the introduction port 321 of the internal flow passage 32 and exchanges heat with the packed bed 31 to introduce the introduction port. As the temperature approaches 321, the temperature rises. Then, the heat exchange fluid A in a relatively high temperature exchanges heat with the packed bed 31 at a position close to the inlet 321. Therefore, a temperature decrease of the heat storage agent particles at a position close to the introduction port 321 can be suppressed. Thereby, the reaction between the heat storage agent and the reaction medium W in the packed bed 31 can be suppressed closer to the inlet 321. Therefore, a sufficiently exothermic reaction in the reactor 3 can be maintained more effectively for a long time.
In addition, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are obtained.

(Example 7)
In this example, as shown in FIG. 15, heat exchange between the packed bed 31 and the heat exchange fluid A is not performed in the pre-reaction period, which is a predetermined period from the start of the reaction in the reactor 3, and the pre-reaction period. This is an example of the heat storage device 1 configured to perform heat exchange between the packed bed 31 and the heat exchange fluid A in the later reaction late stage.

  In this example, as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the heat exchange fluid A does not flow through the heat exchange flow path 33 in the first half of the reaction, and as shown in FIG. 15C in the second half of the reaction. As described above, the heat exchange fluid A flows through the heat exchange flow path 33. The flow control of the heat exchange fluid A can be performed by, for example, opening / closing control of an opening / closing valve (not shown) provided in the fluid flow path 12.

In this example, in particular, as in the first embodiment, the difference in the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid A flowing through the heat exchange flow path 33 and the packed bed 31 depends on the distance from the inlet 321. It does not adopt a configuration such as attaching.
Others are the same as in the first embodiment. Of the reference numerals used in this example or the drawings relating to this example, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment denote the same components as in the first embodiment unless otherwise specified.

Next, the function and effect of this example will be described.
Immediately after the start of the reaction, the portion close to the inlet 321 of the internal flow path 32 in the packed bed 31 is positive immediately after starting the reaction to start flowing the reaction medium W through the internal flow path 32 in the reactor 3 in the heat storage state (dehydrated state). Will react.

  Here, in the first reaction period, since the heat exchange fluid A is not circulated through the heat exchange flow path 33, the temperature of the packed bed 31 rises without heat removal. However, as shown in FIG. The temperature at the nearby part rises. Thereby, temperature distribution arises between the side (upstream side) near the inlet 321 in the packed bed 31 and the far side (downstream side). Therefore, the upstream reaction is suppressed within a short time from the start of the reaction. In addition, the hatching part in FIG. 15 shows the site | part which became high temperature more than fixed in the reactor 3. FIG. The same applies to FIG. 16 described later.

  As a result, even in the packed bed 31 at a position close to the inlet 321, the reaction medium can be absorbed by the heat storage agent particles for a long time, and the pressure loss of the reaction medium W toward the position far from the inlet 321 increases. Can be prevented. Therefore, the reaction medium W can be efficiently supplied also to the downstream side. Thereby, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the reaction, as shown in FIG. 15B, the temperature of the packed bed 31 becomes substantially uniform as a whole from the upstream side to the downstream side.

Therefore, for example, at a time when the temperature of the packed bed 31 starts to become uniform or a time before the predetermined time, the heat exchange fluid A starts to flow through the heat exchange flow path 33 as shown in FIG. That is, this timing is the timing of switching between the above-mentioned first reaction period and the second reaction period. Thereby, in the latter stage of the reaction, heat exchange between the packed bed 31 and the heat exchange fluid A is performed substantially uniformly in the entire reactor 3, and sufficient exothermic reaction (hydration) in the reactor 3 is performed over a long period of time. Reaction) can be maintained.
In addition, it can also be set as the structure which combined this example and either of Examples 1-6.

(Example 8)
This example is an example of the heat storage device 1 configured to vary the amount of heat exchange between the packed bed 31 and the heat exchange fluid A between the first reaction stage and the second reaction stage in the reactor 3, as shown in FIG. is there.
That is, the heat exchange amount between the packed bed 31 and the heat exchange fluid A is small in the first reaction period, and the heat exchange amount between the packed bed 31 and the heat exchange fluid A in the first reaction period is small. Greater than heat exchange.

  In this example, as shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, the flow rate of the heat exchange fluid A to the heat exchange flow path 33 is small in the first half of the reaction, and in the second half of the reaction, the flow shown in FIG. As shown, the flow rate of the heat exchange fluid A to the heat exchange channel 33 is larger than the flow rate in the previous reaction period. The flow control of the heat exchange fluid A can be performed by, for example, flow control of a flow control valve (not shown) provided in the fluid flow path 12 or the like.

  Others are the same as in Example 7. Of the reference numerals used in this example or the drawings relating to this example, the same reference numerals as those used in the seventh embodiment represent the same components as in the seventh embodiment unless otherwise specified.

Also in this example, as in Example 7, the reaction at the upstream site in the packed bed 31 is suppressed in a short time in the first reaction period, and a uniform reaction can be maintained in the second reaction period.
That is, immediately after the start of the reaction, first, the upstream portion of the packed bed 31 reacts positively. Here, in the first reaction period, as shown in FIG. 16A, the flow rate of the heat exchange fluid A in the heat exchange flow path 33 is small. Therefore, the temperature of the packed bed 31 is increased because it is difficult to remove heat, but in particular, the temperature of the portion close to the inlet 321 is increased. Thereby, a temperature distribution is generated between the upstream side and the downstream side in the packed bed 31. Therefore, the upstream reaction is suppressed within a short time from the start of the reaction.

  Thereby, also in the packed bed 31 on the upstream side, the reaction medium can be absorbed by the heat storage agent particles for a long time, and the pressure loss of the reaction medium W toward the position far from the inlet 321 can be prevented from increasing. . Therefore, the reaction medium W can be efficiently supplied also to the downstream side. Thereby, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the reaction, as shown in FIG. 16B, the temperature of the packed bed 31 becomes substantially uniform as a whole from the upstream side to the downstream side.

Therefore, for example, at the time when the temperature of the packed bed 31 starts to become uniform, or at a time before the predetermined time, the flow rate of the heat exchange fluid A starts to increase as shown in FIG. That is, this timing is the timing of switching between the above-mentioned first reaction period and the second reaction period. Thereby, in the latter stage of the reaction, heat exchange between the packed bed 31 and the heat exchange fluid A is performed substantially uniformly in the entire reactor 3, and sufficient exothermic reaction (hydration) in the reactor 3 is performed over a long period of time. Reaction) can be maintained.
In addition, it can also be set as the structure which combined this example and either of Examples 1-6.

In addition, this invention can take a various aspect, without being limited to the above-mentioned Example. Moreover, the aspect which combined the said some Example suitably can be taken.
In addition to calcium oxide, for example, magnesium oxide (MgO, barium oxide (BaO), etc.) may be used as the heat storage agent particles, or activated carbon, zeolite, An adsorbent such as silica gel may be used, and other fluids such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) may be used as the reaction medium in addition to water (water vapor, H ₂ O).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat storage apparatus 2 Evaporator 3 Reactor 31 Packing layer 32 Internal flow path 321 Inlet 33 Heat exchange flow path A Heat exchange fluid W Reaction medium

Claims (10)

A heat storage device (1) having an evaporator (2) for vaporizing the reaction medium (W) and a reactor (3) that absorbs the reaction medium (W) vaporized in the evaporator (2) and generates heat. There,
The reactor (3) includes a packed bed (31) filled with heat storage agent particles capable of reversible reaction with the reaction medium (W) and absorbing the reaction medium (W) to generate heat;
An internal flow passage (32) formed to circulate the reaction medium (W) and pass through the inside of the packed bed (31);
A heat exchange channel (33) for circulating a heat exchange fluid (A) for exchanging heat with the packed bed (31),
The position closer to the inlet (321) of the internal flow passage (32) is configured to suppress the reaction between the heat storage agent and the reaction medium in the packed bed (31). Thermal storage device (1).   The closer to the inlet (321) of the internal flow passage (32), the more the thermal resistance between the heat exchange fluid (A) flowing through the heat exchange flow path (33) and the packed bed (31). The heat storage device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage device (1) is configured to be large.   The heat storage device (1) according to claim 2, wherein the evaporator (2) has a cold heat extracting means (21) for extracting cold heat generated when the reaction medium (W) is vaporized.   The formation direction of the heat exchange flow path (33) is orthogonal to the formation direction of the internal flow path (32), and of the heat exchange flow path (33), the internal flow path (32) The heat storage device (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a portion closer to the introduction port (321) is configured such that the flow rate of the heat exchange fluid (A) becomes smaller.   The reactor (3) is provided in a fluid channel (12) through which the heat exchange fluid (A) flows, and the fluid channel (12) is disposed upstream of the reactor (3). A shielding plate (4) for shielding a part of the flow path is provided, and the shielding plate (4) is the internal flow path of the heat exchange flow path (33) when viewed from the flow path direction. The heat storage device (1) according to claim 4, wherein the heat storage device (1) is formed so as to overlap with a portion of the (32) close to the introduction port (321).   The distribution control means (41) for changing the flow rate distribution of the heat exchange fluid (A) to the heat exchange flow path (33) in the formation direction of the internal flow passage (32). Or the thermal storage apparatus (1) of 5.   In the pre-reaction period, which is a predetermined period from the start of the reaction in the reactor (3), heat exchange between the packed bed (31) and the heat exchange fluid (A) is not performed. It is comprised so that heat exchange between the said packed bed (31) and the said heat exchange fluid (A) may be performed in the latter reaction late stage. The heat storage device (1) described in 1.   In the first reaction period, the heat exchange fluid (A) does not flow through the heat exchange flow path (33), and in the second reaction period, the heat exchange fluid (A) flows in the heat exchange flow path (33). The heat storage device (1) according to claim 7, wherein the heat storage device (1) is configured to circulate.   In the first reaction period, which is a predetermined period from the start of the reaction in the reactor (3), the amount of heat exchange between the packed bed (31) and the heat exchange fluid (A) is small, which is lower than that in the first reaction period. In the later stage of the reaction, the heat exchange amount between the packed bed (31) and the heat exchange fluid (A) is configured to be larger than the heat exchange amount in the previous reaction period. The heat storage device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.   The flow rate of the heat exchange fluid (A) to the heat exchange channel (33) is small in the first reaction period, and the heat exchange fluid (A to the heat exchange channel (33) is late in the reaction. The heat storage device (1) according to claim 9, wherein the flow rate is higher than the flow rate in the previous reaction period.

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