JP2015201303A - battery heating system - Google Patents

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JP2015201303A
JP2015201303A JP2014078696A JP2014078696A JP2015201303A JP 2015201303 A JP2015201303 A JP 2015201303A JP 2014078696 A JP2014078696 A JP 2014078696A JP 2014078696 A JP2014078696 A JP 2014078696A JP 2015201303 A JP2015201303 A JP 2015201303A
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battery
temperature
storage battery
switch
heating system
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JP6280421B2 (en
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松岡　俊之
Toshiyuki Matsuoka
俊之 松岡
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to make a battery be efficiently heated to a desired temperature, by surely suppressing overdischarge of the battery without controlling a battery residual amount and temperature using a control unit and by requiring no control.SOLUTION: A battery heating system 10 comprises: a storage battery module 16 for supplying power to a drive motor 32; a resistance heating heater 20 that is heated by the power supplied from the storage battery module 16 to heat the storage battery module 16; a temperature switch 22 for automatically making current pass through at a temperature equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold temperature; and a voltage switch 24 for automatically making current pass through at a temperature equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold voltage. The resistance heating heater 20, temperature switch 22, and voltage switch 24 are electrically connected to the storage battery module 16 so that the resistance heating heater 20, temperature switch 22, and voltage switch 24 are connected in series.

Description

本発明は、蓄電池等の電池を電気加熱ヒータにより加温するための電池加温システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a battery heating system for heating a battery such as a storage battery with an electric heater.

一般的に、電池として、一次電池や二次電池等の種々の化学電池が使用されている。例えば、複数の蓄電池（バッテリセル）が積層された蓄電池群（バッテリモジュール）を備えた蓄電装置が知られている。この蓄電装置は、例えば、ハイブリッド車両やＥＶ等の電動車両に搭載されている。   In general, various chemical batteries such as a primary battery and a secondary battery are used as the battery. For example, a power storage device including a storage battery group (battery module) in which a plurality of storage batteries (battery cells) are stacked is known. This power storage device is mounted on, for example, an electric vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an EV.

化学電池（以下、単に電池という）は、化学変化を電気エネルギーに変換させるため、電池温度が高い程、反応が活発になっている。従って、電池から所望の電力量を供給させるためには、前記電池を所望の温度に加温する必要がある。   A chemical battery (hereinafter simply referred to as a battery) converts a chemical change into electric energy, and thus the reaction is more active as the battery temperature is higher. Therefore, in order to supply a desired amount of power from the battery, it is necessary to heat the battery to a desired temperature.

そこで、例えば、特許文献１に開示されているバッテリヒータが知られている。このバッテリヒータでは、ヒータ及びサーモスイッチを備えており、バッテリから駆動電力が供給されている。そして、サーモスイッチによりバッテリ温度に応じたオン／オフ制御が行われ、バッテリを所望の温度に維持している。   Thus, for example, a battery heater disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. This battery heater includes a heater and a thermo switch, and driving power is supplied from the battery. And on / off control according to battery temperature is performed by the thermo switch, and the battery is maintained at desired temperature.

また、例えば、特許文献２に開示されている自動車用バッテリの温度制御装置では、ヒータ、サーモスタット及びエンジン作動検出センサを備えている。そして、サーモスタット及びエンジン作動検出センサにより、バッテリ温度及びエンジン作動状態に応じたオン／オフ制御が行われ、バッテリを所望の温度に維持している。   Further, for example, the temperature control device for an automobile battery disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes a heater, a thermostat, and an engine operation detection sensor. The thermostat and the engine operation detection sensor perform on / off control in accordance with the battery temperature and the engine operation state, thereby maintaining the battery at a desired temperature.

実開昭６１−１９４２５９号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-194259 特開平３−０４９１６８号公報JP-A-3-049168

しかしながら、上記の特許文献１では、バッテリのＳＯＣ（state of charge）（充電状態）が低い場合でも、バッテリ温度が低いと、サーモスイッチがオンされてしまう。このため、バッテリの過放電が発生し易くなり、バッテリ残量がなくなるおそれがある。   However, in Patent Document 1 described above, even when the SOC (state of charge) of the battery is low, the thermo switch is turned on if the battery temperature is low. For this reason, overdischarge of the battery is likely to occur, and there is a possibility that the remaining battery level may be lost.

また、上記の特許文献２では、バッテリのＳＯＣが低い場合でも、バッテリ温度が低く、エンジンが作動状態であれば、回路がオンされてしまう。従って、バッテリの過放電が発生し易くなり、バッテリ残量がなくなるおそれがある。   Moreover, in said patent document 2, even when the SOC of a battery is low, if the battery temperature is low and the engine is in an operating state, the circuit is turned on. Therefore, overdischarge of the battery is likely to occur, and there is a possibility that the remaining battery capacity may be lost.

その上、特許文献１及び２では、いずれもバッテリの充電状態を検出する手段が設けられておらず、バッテリ残量が規定量を下回っても、対応することができないという問題がある。   In addition, both Patent Documents 1 and 2 are provided with no means for detecting the state of charge of the battery, and there is a problem that even if the remaining battery charge falls below a specified amount, it cannot be handled.

これを解決するためには、例えば、バッテリ充電状態を検出するセンサと、オン／オフスイッチとを追加することが考えられる。すなわち、制御ユニットによりバッテリ充電状態を監視しながら、前記バッテリ充電状態に応じてスイッチをオン／オフ制御するものである。しかしながら、回路構成が複雑化するとともに、制御ユニットを動作させるための電力が必要になり、電力消費が大きくなるという問題がある。   In order to solve this, for example, it is conceivable to add a sensor for detecting a battery charge state and an on / off switch. That is, on / off control of the switch is performed according to the battery charge state while monitoring the battery charge state by the control unit. However, there is a problem in that the circuit configuration is complicated, and electric power for operating the control unit is required, which increases power consumption.

本発明は、この種の問題を解決するものであり、制御ユニットを動作させることなく、電池の過放電を確実に抑制し、前記電池を所望の温度に効率的に加温させることが可能な電池加温システムを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves this type of problem, and can reliably suppress overdischarge of the battery and efficiently heat the battery to a desired temperature without operating the control unit. An object is to provide a battery heating system.

本発明に係る電池加温システムは、負荷に電力を供給する電池と、少なくとも前記電池から供給される前記電力により加熱され、該電池を加温する抵抗加熱ヒータと、を備えている。電池加温システムは、さらに所定の閾値温度以下で自動的に電流を通す温度スイッチと、所定の閾値電圧以上で自動的に電流を通す電圧スイッチと、を備えている。そして、抵抗加熱ヒータ、温度スイッチ及び電圧スイッチは、電池に対して電気的に直列に接続されている。   A battery heating system according to the present invention includes a battery that supplies power to a load, and a resistance heater that is heated by at least the power supplied from the battery and heats the battery. The battery warming system further includes a temperature switch that automatically passes a current below a predetermined threshold temperature and a voltage switch that automatically passes a current above a predetermined threshold voltage. The resistance heater, the temperature switch, and the voltage switch are electrically connected in series to the battery.

また、この電池加温システムでは、複数個の電池が電気的に直列に接続される複数組みの電池モジュールを備え、各電池モジュールは、電気的に直列に接続されることが好ましい。その際、各電池モジュールに隣接して、抵抗加熱ヒータと温度スイッチとが電気的に直列に接続される複数組みの加温ユニットが配置され、且つ、各加温ユニットは、前記電池モジュールに対して互いに電気的に並列に接続されることが好ましい。   The battery heating system preferably includes a plurality of sets of battery modules in which a plurality of batteries are electrically connected in series, and each battery module is electrically connected in series. At that time, adjacent to each battery module, a plurality of heating units in which a resistance heater and a temperature switch are electrically connected in series are arranged, and each heating unit is connected to the battery module. Are preferably electrically connected in parallel with each other.

さらに、この電池加温システムは、第１電気回路と第２電気回路とを備えることが好ましい。その際、第１電気回路は、電池モジュールと負荷とを電気的に直列に接続することが好ましい。第２電気回路は、電池モジュールと電圧スイッチと互いに電気的に並列接続された複数組みの加温ユニットとを、電気的に直列に接続することが好ましい。   Furthermore, this battery heating system preferably includes a first electric circuit and a second electric circuit. In that case, it is preferable that a 1st electric circuit connects a battery module and load electrically in series. In the second electric circuit, it is preferable that a plurality of heating units electrically connected in parallel with each other are electrically connected in series to the battery module and the voltage switch.

さらにまた、この電池加温システムでは、外部から電力を供給する外部電力供給装置を備えることが好ましい。外部電力供給装置は、第１電気回路に電気的に接続されるとともに、所定の閾値温度よりも高温な閾値温度以上で自動的に電流を通す高温温度スイッチが配置された第３電気回路を備えることが好ましい。外部電力供給装置は、さらに高温温度スイッチを迂回して第３電気回路から分岐し、第２電気回路に接続される分岐回路を備えることが好ましい。   Furthermore, this battery heating system preferably includes an external power supply device that supplies power from the outside. The external power supply apparatus includes a third electric circuit that is electrically connected to the first electric circuit and in which a high-temperature switch that automatically conducts current at a threshold temperature higher than a predetermined threshold temperature is arranged. It is preferable. It is preferable that the external power supply device further includes a branch circuit that bypasses the high temperature switch and branches from the third electric circuit and is connected to the second electric circuit.

本発明によれば、抵抗加熱ヒータ、温度スイッチ及び電圧スイッチは、電池に対して電気的に直列に接続されている。このため、電池が所定の閾値温度以下で且つ所定の閾値電圧以上である場合にのみ、抵抗加熱ヒータが自動的に作動し、前記電池を加温することができる。   According to the present invention, the resistance heater, the temperature switch, and the voltage switch are electrically connected to the battery in series. For this reason, only when the battery is below a predetermined threshold temperature and above a predetermined threshold voltage, the resistance heater is automatically activated to heat the battery.

従って、電池の加温処理が行われる際、電池残量が低下し過ぎることがない。これにより、制御ユニットを動作させて電池残量及び電池温度に応じた制御をすることなく、電池の過放電を確実に抑制しながら、前記電池を所望の温度に効率的に加温することが可能になる。   Therefore, when the battery heating process is performed, the battery remaining amount does not decrease too much. Thus, the battery can be efficiently heated to a desired temperature while reliably suppressing overdischarge of the battery without operating the control unit and performing control according to the remaining battery level and battery temperature. It becomes possible.

本発明の第１の実施形態に係る電池加温システムの要部構成説明図である。It is principal part structure explanatory drawing of the battery heating system which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態に係る電池加温システムの要部構成説明図である。It is principal part structure explanatory drawing of the battery heating system which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 前記電池加温システムの要部を直線的に配置した状態の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the state which has arrange | positioned the principal part of the said battery heating system linearly. 本発明の第３の実施形態に係る電池加温システムの要部構成説明図である。It is principal part structure explanatory drawing of the battery heating system which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 前記電池加温システムの要部を直線的に配置した状態の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the state which has arrange | positioned the principal part of the said battery heating system linearly. 前記電池加温システムの要部を簡素化した状態の、バッテリ温度が低く且つバッテリ電圧が低い場合の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing in case the battery temperature is low and the battery voltage is low in the state which simplified the principal part of the said battery heating system. 前記電池加温システムの要部を簡素化した状態の、バッテリ温度が高く且つバッテリ電圧が低い場合の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing in case the battery temperature is high and the battery voltage is low in the state which simplified the principal part of the said battery heating system. 前記電池加温システムの要部を簡素化した状態の、バッテリ温度が低く且つバッテリ電圧が高い場合の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing in the state where the battery temperature was low and the battery voltage was high in the state which simplified the principal part of the said battery heating system. 前記電池加温システムの要部を簡素化した状態の、バッテリ温度が高く且つバッテリ電圧が高い場合の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing in case the battery temperature is high and the battery voltage is high in the state which simplified the principal part of the said battery heating system.

図１に示すように、本発明の第１の実施形態に係る電池加温システム１０は、例えば、ハイブリッド車両又はＥＶ等の電動車両１２に搭載される。   As shown in FIG. 1, the battery heating system 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is mounted on an electric vehicle 12 such as a hybrid vehicle or an EV, for example.

電池加温システム１０は、電池として蓄電池（二次電池）１４を備え、複数の前記蓄電池１４が電気的に直列に接続されて蓄電池モジュール１６を構成する。蓄電池モジュール１６の一端（正極）には、電力線１８ａが接続されるとともに、前記蓄電池モジュール１６の他端（負極）には、電力線１８ｂが接続される。電力線１８ａの一端と電力線１８ｂの一端との間には、抵抗加熱ヒータ２０、温度スイッチ２２及び電圧スイッチ２４が、蓄電池モジュール１６に対して電気的に直列に接続される。   The battery heating system 10 includes a storage battery (secondary battery) 14 as a battery, and a plurality of the storage batteries 14 are electrically connected in series to form a storage battery module 16. A power line 18 a is connected to one end (positive electrode) of the storage battery module 16, and a power line 18 b is connected to the other end (negative electrode) of the storage battery module 16. Between one end of the power line 18a and one end of the power line 18b, a resistance heater 20, a temperature switch 22, and a voltage switch 24 are electrically connected to the storage battery module 16 in series.

抵抗加熱ヒータ２０は、蓄電池モジュール１６に隣接（近接）して配置され、前記蓄電池モジュール１６から供給される電力により加熱され、該蓄電池モジュール１６を加温する。温度スイッチ２２は、所定の閾値温度以下で自動的に電流を通す機能を有する。蓄電池１４は、温度により出力可能な電力量が変化しており、所定の閾値温度は、前記蓄電池１４から所望の電力量が得られる温度に設定される。   The resistance heater 20 is disposed adjacent to (close to) the storage battery module 16 and is heated by the power supplied from the storage battery module 16 to heat the storage battery module 16. The temperature switch 22 has a function of automatically passing a current below a predetermined threshold temperature. The amount of power that can be output from the storage battery 14 varies depending on the temperature, and the predetermined threshold temperature is set to a temperature at which a desired amount of power can be obtained from the storage battery 14.

電圧スイッチ２４は、所定の閾値電圧以上で自動的に電流を通す機能を有し、例えば、バリスタが使用される。バリスタは、蓄電池モジュール１６の両端子間の電圧が低い場合に、電気抵抗が高くなって電流を殆ど通さない一方、前記電圧がある程度以上に高くなると、急激に前記電気抵抗が低くなって電流を通す機能を有する。所定の閾値電圧は、蓄電池１４のＳＯＣ（バッテリ充電状態）等に基づいて設定される。   The voltage switch 24 has a function of automatically passing a current at a predetermined threshold voltage or higher. For example, a varistor is used. When the voltage between both terminals of the storage battery module 16 is low, the varistor increases the electric resistance and hardly passes current. On the other hand, when the voltage becomes higher than a certain level, the electric resistance suddenly decreases and the current is reduced. It has a function to pass through. The predetermined threshold voltage is set based on the SOC (battery charge state) of the storage battery 14 or the like.

電力線１８ａの他端と電力線１８ｂの他端とには、コンタクタ２６ａとコンタクタ２６ｂとが接続される。コンタクタ２６ａ、２６ｂには、バスライン２８ａ、２８ｂの一端が接続されるとともに、前記バスライン２８ａ、２８ｂの他端は、インバータ３０に接続される。インバータ３０には、三相の車両走行用の駆動モータ（負荷）３２が接続される。   A contactor 26a and a contactor 26b are connected to the other end of the power line 18a and the other end of the power line 18b. One end of the bus lines 28a, 28b is connected to the contactors 26a, 26b, and the other end of the bus lines 28a, 28b is connected to the inverter 30. A drive motor (load) 32 for driving a three-phase vehicle is connected to the inverter 30.

蓄電池モジュール１６、抵抗加熱ヒータ２０、温度スイッチ２２、電圧スイッチ２４及びコンタクタ２６ａ、２６ｂは、バッテリパック３４内に収容されることにより、電池加温システム１０全体の電気的な安全性が保持される。   The battery module 16, the resistance heater 20, the temperature switch 22, the voltage switch 24, and the contactors 26 a and 26 b are housed in the battery pack 34, thereby maintaining the electrical safety of the entire battery heating system 10. .

このように構成される電池加温システム１０の動作について、以下に説明する。   The operation of the battery heating system 10 configured as described above will be described below.

先ず、電動車両１２が寒冷地等で使用され、外気温度が低下して蓄電池モジュール１６を構成する蓄電池１４の温度が所定の閾値温度以下になると、温度スイッチ２２がオンされる。すなわち、温度スイッチ２２は、自動的に電流を通す状態になっている。   First, when the electric vehicle 12 is used in a cold region or the like, and the outside air temperature decreases and the temperature of the storage battery 14 constituting the storage battery module 16 falls below a predetermined threshold temperature, the temperature switch 22 is turned on. That is, the temperature switch 22 is in a state of automatically passing a current.

一方、蓄電池モジュール１６全体の電圧が所定の閾値電圧以上であると、電圧スイッチ２４がオンされる。すなわち、電圧スイッチ２４は、自動的に電流を通す状態になっている。このため、温度スイッチ２２及び電圧スイッチ２４は、それぞれオンとなり、蓄電池モジュール１６から抵抗加熱ヒータ２０に電力（直流電流）が供給される。従って、抵抗加熱ヒータ２０が発熱するため、前記抵抗加熱ヒータ２０に近接して配置されている蓄電池モジュール１６では、各蓄電池１４に熱が伝達され、前記蓄電池１４が昇温される。   On the other hand, when the voltage across the storage battery module 16 is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage, the voltage switch 24 is turned on. That is, the voltage switch 24 is in a state of automatically passing a current. For this reason, the temperature switch 22 and the voltage switch 24 are each turned on, and electric power (DC current) is supplied from the storage battery module 16 to the resistance heater 20. Accordingly, since the resistance heater 20 generates heat, in the storage battery module 16 disposed close to the resistance heater 20, heat is transmitted to each storage battery 14, and the storage battery 14 is heated.

蓄電池１４の温度が所定の閾値温度を超えると、温度スイッチ２２がオフされ、蓄電池モジュール１６から抵抗加熱ヒータ２０への電力の供給が停止される。これにより、各蓄電池１４は、発電反応に適した温度に加温される。そこで、コンタクタ２６ａ、２６ｂが閉じられると、蓄電池モジュール１６からバスライン２８ａ、２８ｂを介してインバータ３０に電力が供給される。このため、駆動モータ３２が駆動されて電動車両１２が走行可能になる。   When the temperature of the storage battery 14 exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature, the temperature switch 22 is turned off, and the supply of power from the storage battery module 16 to the resistance heater 20 is stopped. Thereby, each storage battery 14 is heated to a temperature suitable for the power generation reaction. Therefore, when the contactors 26a and 26b are closed, power is supplied from the storage battery module 16 to the inverter 30 via the bus lines 28a and 28b. For this reason, the drive motor 32 is driven, and the electric vehicle 12 can travel.

この場合、第１の実施形態では、抵抗加熱ヒータ２０、温度スイッチ２２及び電圧スイッチ２４は、蓄電池モジュール１６に対して電気的に直列に接続されている。従って、各蓄電池１４が所定の閾値温度以下で且つ所定の閾値電圧以上である場合にのみ、抵抗加熱ヒータ２０が自動的に作動し、前記蓄電池１４を加温することができる。   In this case, in the first embodiment, the resistance heater 20, the temperature switch 22, and the voltage switch 24 are electrically connected to the storage battery module 16 in series. Therefore, only when each storage battery 14 is below a predetermined threshold temperature and above a predetermined threshold voltage, the resistance heater 20 is automatically operated, and the storage battery 14 can be heated.

これにより、蓄電池モジュール１６では、各蓄電池１４の加温処理が行われる際に、電池残量が低下し過ぎることがない。このため、制御ユニットを動作させて電池残量及び電池温度に応じた制御をすることなく、蓄電池モジュール１６の過放電を確実に抑制しながら、前記蓄電池モジュール１６を所望の温度に効率的に加温することが可能になるという効果が得られる。   Thereby, in the storage battery module 16, when the heating process of each storage battery 14 is performed, the battery remaining amount does not decrease too much. Therefore, the storage battery module 16 can be efficiently added to a desired temperature while the overdischarge of the storage battery module 16 is reliably suppressed without operating the control unit and performing control according to the remaining battery level and the battery temperature. The effect that it becomes possible to warm is acquired.

図２は、本発明の第２の実施形態に係る電池加温システム４０の要部構成説明図である。図３は、説明内容の理解を容易にするために、電池加温システム４０の要部を直線的に配置した状態の概略構成図である。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the main configuration of a battery heating system 40 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a state in which the main part of the battery heating system 40 is linearly arranged to facilitate understanding of the description.

電池加温システム４０は、電動車両４２に搭載される。なお、第２の実施形態では、上記の第１の実施形態に係る電池加温システム１０と同一の構成要素には、同一の参照符号に同一の参照数字を付して、その詳細な説明は省略する。   The battery heating system 40 is mounted on the electric vehicle 42. In the second embodiment, the same components as those in the battery heating system 10 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and the detailed description thereof will be omitted. Omitted.

電池加温システム４０は、それぞれ所定数の蓄電池１４が電気的に直列に接続される複数組み、例えば、４組みの蓄電池モジュール１６ａ、１６ｂ、１６ｃ及び１６ｄを備える。蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄは、電気的に直列に接続される。第２の実施形態では、４組みの蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄを用いているが、これに限定されるものではなく、３組み又は５組み以上にしてもよい。   The battery heating system 40 includes a plurality of sets, for example, four sets of storage battery modules 16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d, each of which has a predetermined number of storage batteries 14 electrically connected in series. Storage battery modules 16a to 16d are electrically connected in series. In 2nd Embodiment, although 4 sets of storage battery modules 16a-16d are used, it is not limited to this, You may make it 3 sets or 5 sets or more.

４組みの蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄには、抵抗加熱ヒータ２０と温度スイッチ２２とが電気的に直列に接続される４組みの加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄが隣接（近接）して配置される。   Four sets of heating units 44a to 44d, in which the resistance heater 20 and the temperature switch 22 are electrically connected in series, are arranged adjacent to (adjacent to) the four sets of storage battery modules 16a to 16d.

蓄電池モジュール１６ａの端部（正極）には、電力線４６ａの一端が接続されるとともに、電力線４６ａの他端には、加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄの一端が互いに電気的に並列して接続される。蓄電池モジュール１６ｄの端部（負極）には、電力線４６ｂの一端が接続されるとともに、電力線４６ｂの他端には、加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄの他端が互いに電気的に並列して接続される。電力線４６ｂには、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄと直列に電圧スイッチ２４が配置される。加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄは、互いに電気的に並列して蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄの両端に接続される。   One end of the power line 46a is connected to the end (positive electrode) of the storage battery module 16a, and one end of the heating units 44a to 44d is electrically connected in parallel to the other end of the power line 46a. One end of the power line 46b is connected to the end (negative electrode) of the storage battery module 16d, and the other ends of the heating units 44a to 44d are electrically connected to each other in parallel to the other end of the power line 46b. . On the power line 46b, the voltage switch 24 is arranged in series with the storage battery modules 16a to 16d. The heating units 44a to 44d are electrically connected in parallel to each other and connected to both ends of the storage battery modules 16a to 16d.

蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄ、加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄ及びコンタクタ２６ａ、２６ｂは、バッテリパック４８内に収容されることにより、電池加温システム４０全体の電気的な安全性が保持される（図２参照）。   The storage battery modules 16a to 16d, the heating units 44a to 44d, and the contactors 26a and 26b are housed in the battery pack 48, so that the electrical safety of the entire battery heating system 40 is maintained (see FIG. 2). ).

このように構成される電池加温システム４０では、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄ間の電圧が所定の閾値電圧未満であると、電圧スイッチ２４がオフされる。このため、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄから各加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄにそれぞれ電流が流れることを規制される。そして、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄの電圧が所定の閾値電圧以上であると、電圧スイッチ２４がオンされて、加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄにそれぞれ電流が流れることを許容する。   In the battery heating system 40 configured as described above, the voltage switch 24 is turned off when the voltage between the storage battery modules 16a to 16d is less than a predetermined threshold voltage. For this reason, it is controlled that an electric current flows into each heating unit 44a-44d from storage battery module 16a-16d, respectively. And if the voltage of storage battery module 16a-16d is more than predetermined threshold voltage, voltage switch 24 will be turned on and it will allow current to flow through heating units 44a-44d, respectively.

その際、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄのいずれかのモジュール、例えば、前記蓄電池モジュール１６ａの温度が所定の閾値温度以下になると、加温ユニット４４ａを構成する温度スイッチ２２がオンされる。従って、加温ユニット４４ａのみが自動的に電流を通す状態になり、抵抗加熱ヒータ２０に通電されて前記加温ユニット４４ａに近接する蓄電池モジュール１６ａのみが加温される。   At that time, when the temperature of any one of the storage battery modules 16a to 16d, for example, the storage battery module 16a, becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold temperature, the temperature switch 22 constituting the heating unit 44a is turned on. Therefore, only the heating unit 44a automatically enters a state of current, and only the storage battery module 16a adjacent to the heating unit 44a is heated by energizing the resistance heater 20.

この場合、第２の実施形態では、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄの中、温度低下が惹起されたモジュールに優先的に電流を流すことができ、制御ユニットによる電池温度制御をすることなく、蓄電池１４の温度を良好に維持することが可能になる。しかも、制御ユニットによる電池残量に応じた制御をすることなく、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄの過放電を確実に抑制するとともに、所望の温度に効率的に加温することができる等、上記の第１の実施形態と同様の効果が得られる。   In this case, in the second embodiment, among the storage battery modules 16a to 16d, the current can be preferentially passed to the module in which the temperature drop is caused, and the battery temperature of the storage battery 14 can be controlled without controlling the battery temperature by the control unit. It becomes possible to maintain temperature satisfactorily. In addition, the control unit can reliably suppress overdischarge of the storage battery modules 16a to 16d and can efficiently warm to a desired temperature without performing control according to the remaining battery level. The same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

図４は、本発明の第３の実施形態に係る電池加温システム５０の要部構成説明図である。図５は、説明内容の理解を容易にするために、電池加温システム５０の要部を直接的に配置した状態の概略構成図である。   FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the main configuration of a battery heating system 50 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a state in which main parts of the battery heating system 50 are directly arranged in order to facilitate understanding of the description.

電池加温システム５０は、電動車両５２に搭載される。なお、第３の実施形態では、上記の第２の実施形態に係る電池加温システム４０と同一の構成要素には、同一の参照符号に同一の参照数字を付して、その詳細な説明は省略する。   The battery heating system 50 is mounted on the electric vehicle 52. In the third embodiment, the same components as those in the battery heating system 40 according to the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals with the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. Omitted.

電池加温システム５０は、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄと駆動モータ３２とを電気的に直列に接続する第１電気回路５４ａを備える。電池加温システム５０は、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄと電圧スイッチ２４と互いに電気的に並列接続された加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄとを電気的に直列に接続する第２電気回路５４ｂを備える。   The battery heating system 50 includes a first electric circuit 54a that electrically connects the storage battery modules 16a to 16d and the drive motor 32 in series. The battery heating system 50 includes a second electric circuit 54b that electrically connects the storage battery modules 16a to 16d and the voltage switch 24 to the heating units 44a to 44d that are electrically connected to each other in series.

電池加温システム５０では、外部電源（例えば、家庭用電源や充電施設等）から電力を供給する外部電力供給装置５６を備える。外部電力供給装置５６は、外部電源に接続されるプラグ（又はコネクト）５８を備え、前記プラグ５８が充電部６０に接続される。充電部６０には、電力線６２ａ、６２ｂの一端が接続されるとともに、前記電力線６２ａは、コンタクタ６４ａを介してバスライン２８ａに接続される。電力線６２ｂは、コンタクタ６４ｂを介してバスライン２８ｂに接続されるとともに、前記電力線６２ｂには、高温温度スイッチ６６が配置される。   The battery heating system 50 includes an external power supply device 56 that supplies power from an external power source (for example, a household power source or a charging facility). The external power supply device 56 includes a plug (or connect) 58 connected to an external power source, and the plug 58 is connected to the charging unit 60. One end of power lines 62a and 62b is connected to the charging unit 60, and the power line 62a is connected to the bus line 28a via a contactor 64a. The power line 62b is connected to the bus line 28b via the contactor 64b, and a high temperature switch 66 is disposed on the power line 62b.

高温温度スイッチ６６は、温度スイッチ２２がオンされる所定の閾値温度よりも高温な閾値温度以上で、自動的に電流を通す機能を有する。高温な閾値温度は、蓄電池１４が良好な性能を有して使用可能な温度域に設定される。   The high temperature switch 66 has a function of automatically passing a current at a threshold temperature higher than a predetermined threshold temperature at which the temperature switch 22 is turned on. The high threshold temperature is set to a temperature range in which the storage battery 14 can be used with good performance.

電力線６２ａ、６２ｂは、第１電気回路５４ａに電気的に接続される第３電気回路５４ｃを構成する。電力線６２ｂ（第３電気回路５４ｃ）から分岐電力線（分岐回路）６８が分岐し、前記分岐電力線６８は、電力線４６ｂ（第２電気回路５４ｂ）に電圧スイッチ２４に近接して接続される。分岐電力線６８は、高温温度スイッチ６６を迂回して電力線６２ｂに接続される。   The power lines 62a and 62b constitute a third electric circuit 54c that is electrically connected to the first electric circuit 54a. A branch power line (branch circuit) 68 branches from the power line 62b (third electric circuit 54c), and the branch power line 68 is connected to the power line 46b (second electric circuit 54b) close to the voltage switch 24. The branch power line 68 bypasses the high temperature switch 66 and is connected to the power line 62b.

蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄ、加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄ、コンタクタ２６ａ、２６ｂ、６４ａ、６４ｂ及び高温温度スイッチ６６は、バッテリパック７０内に収容される（図４参照）。これにより、電池加温システム５０全体の電気的な安全性が保持される。   The storage battery modules 16a to 16d, the heating units 44a to 44d, the contactors 26a, 26b, 64a and 64b, and the high temperature switch 66 are accommodated in the battery pack 70 (see FIG. 4). Thereby, the electrical safety of the whole battery heating system 50 is maintained.

このように構成される電池加温システム５０の動作を、図６〜図９を参照しながら、以下に説明する。なお、図６〜図９では、説明の簡素化を図るため、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄの中、前記蓄電池モジュール１６ａのみを表すとともに、加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄの中、前記加温ユニット４４ａのみを表している。   The operation of the battery heating system 50 configured as described above will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9, for simplification of description, only the storage battery module 16a is shown in the storage battery modules 16a to 16d, and only the heating unit 44a is shown in the heating units 44a to 44d. Represents.

図６〜図９は、コンタクタ６４ａ、６４ｂがオンされるとともに、外部電力供給装置５６により外部電力を取り込んで充電するプラグイン充電中の動作を示す。なお、プラグイン充電が行われないときには、第２の実施形態と同様に、蓄電池モジュール１６ａ〜１６ｄからのバッテリ電力を用いて加温ユニット４４ａ〜４４ｄによる加温処理が行われる。   6 to 9 show operations during plug-in charging in which the contactors 64a and 64b are turned on and the external power supply device 56 takes in external power and charges it. When plug-in charging is not performed, the heating process by the heating units 44a to 44d is performed using the battery power from the storage battery modules 16a to 16d as in the second embodiment.

先ず、蓄電池モジュール１６ａの温度が閾値温度以下であるとともに、前記蓄電池モジュール１６ａの電圧が閾値電圧未満であると、図６に示すように、温度スイッチ２２がオンされる一方、電圧スイッチ２４及び高温温度スイッチ６６がオフされる。このため、充電部６０に取り込まれた外部電力は、蓄電池モジュール１６ａに送られることがなく、加温ユニット４４ａにのみ供給される。従って、加温ユニット４４ａでは、抵抗加熱ヒータ２０に通電されて蓄電池モジュール１６ａが加温される。   First, when the temperature of the storage battery module 16a is equal to or lower than the threshold temperature and the voltage of the storage battery module 16a is lower than the threshold voltage, the temperature switch 22 is turned on as shown in FIG. The temperature switch 66 is turned off. For this reason, the external electric power taken into the charging part 60 is not sent to the storage battery module 16a, but is supplied only to the heating unit 44a. Therefore, in the heating unit 44a, the resistance heater 20 is energized to heat the storage battery module 16a.

次いで、蓄電池モジュール１６ａの温度が所定の閾値温度を超えると、図７に示すように、温度スイッチ２２がオフされる一方、高温温度スイッチ６６がオンされる。これにより、外部電力は、加温ユニット４４ａに送られることがなく、蓄電池モジュール１６ａのみに供給される。このため、蓄電池モジュール１６ａの充電が行われる。   Next, when the temperature of the storage battery module 16a exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature, the temperature switch 22 is turned off and the high temperature switch 66 is turned on as shown in FIG. Thereby, external electric power is not sent to the heating unit 44a, but is supplied only to the storage battery module 16a. For this reason, the storage battery module 16a is charged.

このように、第３の実施形態では、プラグイン充電中に、蓄電池モジュール１６ａのバッテリ温度が低く且つバッテリ電圧が低い際には、図６に示すように、前記蓄電池モジュール１６ａの充電を行わずに、加温ユニット４４ａにのみ外部電力が供給されている。従って、外部電力により蓄電池モジュール１６ａを迅速に加温することができるとともに、バッテリ温度が十分に上昇した後に、前記蓄電池モジュール１６ａの充電を開始するため（図７参照）、充電効率が良好に向上するという効果が得られる。   Thus, in the third embodiment, when the battery temperature of the storage battery module 16a is low and the battery voltage is low during plug-in charging, the storage battery module 16a is not charged as shown in FIG. In addition, external power is supplied only to the heating unit 44a. Therefore, the storage battery module 16a can be quickly heated by external power, and charging of the storage battery module 16a is started after the battery temperature has sufficiently increased (see FIG. 7), so that the charging efficiency is improved. The effect of doing is obtained.

また、バッテリ温度が低く、且つ、蓄電池モジュール１６ａの電圧が閾値電圧以上であると、図８に示すように、温度スイッチ２２及び電圧スイッチ２４がオンされる一方、高温温度スイッチ６６がオフされる。これにより、外部電力は、加温ユニット４４ａ及び蓄電池モジュール１６ａに供給される。このため、蓄電池モジュール１６ａの加温処理と、蓄電池モジュール１６ａの充電処理とが同時に遂行される。   If the battery temperature is low and the voltage of the storage battery module 16a is equal to or higher than the threshold voltage, the temperature switch 22 and the voltage switch 24 are turned on, while the high temperature switch 66 is turned off, as shown in FIG. . Thereby, external electric power is supplied to the heating unit 44a and the storage battery module 16a. For this reason, the heating process of the storage battery module 16a and the charging process of the storage battery module 16a are performed simultaneously.

なお、蓄電池モジュール１６ａが満充電に近い状態では、前記蓄電池モジュール１６ａから加温ユニット４４ａに電力を供給することができる。従って、蓄電池モジュール１６ａを一層効率的に昇温させることが可能になる。   In addition, in the state in which the storage battery module 16a is near full charge, electric power can be supplied from the said storage battery module 16a to the heating unit 44a. Therefore, it becomes possible to raise the temperature of the storage battery module 16a more efficiently.

さらにまた、バッテリ温度が高く、且つ、蓄電池モジュール１６ａが高電圧である際には、図９に示すように、温度スイッチ２２がオフされる一方、高温温度スイッチ６６がオンされる。これにより、外部電力は、蓄電池モジュール１６ａに供給されるため、前記蓄電池モジュール１６ａは、十分な充電状態を確保することができる。   Furthermore, when the battery temperature is high and the storage battery module 16a is at a high voltage, as shown in FIG. 9, the temperature switch 22 is turned off while the high temperature switch 66 is turned on. Thereby, since external electric power is supplied to the storage battery module 16a, the storage battery module 16a can ensure a sufficient charge state.

１０、４０、５０…電池加温システム １２、４２、５２…電動車両
１４…蓄電池
１６、１６ａ〜１６ｄ…蓄電池モジュール
１８ａ、１８ｂ、４６ａ、４６ｂ、６２ａ、６２ｂ…電力線
２０…抵抗加熱ヒータ ２２…温度スイッチ
２４…電圧スイッチ ３２…駆動モータ
３４、４８、７０…バッテリパック ４４ａ〜４４ｄ…加温ユニット
５４ａ、５４ｂ、５４ｃ…電気回路 ５６…外部電力供給装置
５８…プラグ ６０…充電部
６６…高温温度スイッチ ６８…分岐電力線 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 40, 50 ... Battery heating system 12, 42, 52 ... Electric vehicle 14 ... Storage battery 16, 16a-16d ... Storage battery module 18a, 18b, 46a, 46b, 62a, 62b ... Power line 20 ... Resistance heater 22 ... Temperature Switch 24 ... Voltage switch 32 ... Drive motors 34, 48, 70 ... Battery packs 44a-44d ... Heating units 54a, 54b, 54c ... Electric circuit 56 ... External power supply device 58 ... Plug 60 ... Charging unit 66 ... High temperature switch 68. Branch power line

Claims (4)

負荷に電力を供給する電池と、
少なくとも前記電池から供給される前記電力により加熱され、該電池を加温する抵抗加熱ヒータと、
所定の閾値温度以下で自動的に電流を通す温度スイッチと、
所定の閾値電圧以上で自動的に電流を通す電圧スイッチと、
を備え、
前記抵抗加熱ヒータ、前記温度スイッチ及び前記電圧スイッチは、前記電池に対して電気的に直列に接続されることを特徴とする電池加温システム。 A battery for supplying power to the load;
A resistance heater heated by at least the power supplied from the battery and heating the battery;
A temperature switch that automatically passes current below a predetermined threshold temperature; and
A voltage switch that automatically passes current above a predetermined threshold voltage; and
With
The battery heating system, wherein the resistance heater, the temperature switch, and the voltage switch are electrically connected in series to the battery. 請求項１記載の電池加温システムにおいて、複数個の前記電池が電気的に直列に接続される複数組みの電池モジュールを備え、各電池モジュールは、電気的に直列に接続されるとともに、
各電池モジュールに隣接して、前記抵抗加熱ヒータと前記温度スイッチとが電気的に直列に接続される複数組みの加温ユニットが配置され、且つ、各加温ユニットは、前記電池モジュールに対して互いに電気的に並列に接続されることを特徴とする電池加温システム。 The battery heating system according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of battery modules in which a plurality of the batteries are electrically connected in series, each battery module being electrically connected in series,
A plurality of sets of heating units in which the resistance heater and the temperature switch are electrically connected in series are arranged adjacent to each battery module, and each heating unit is connected to the battery module. A battery heating system that is electrically connected to each other in parallel. 請求項２記載の電池加温システムにおいて、前記電池モジュールと前記負荷とを電気的に直列に接続する第１電気回路と、
前記電池モジュールと前記電圧スイッチと互いに電気的に並列接続された複数組みの加温ユニットとを、電気的に直列に接続する第２電気回路と、
を備えることを特徴とする電池加温システム。 The battery heating system according to claim 2, wherein the battery module and the load are electrically connected in series, a first electric circuit;
A plurality of heating units electrically connected in parallel with each other, the battery module and the voltage switch, and a second electrical circuit electrically connected in series;
A battery heating system comprising: 請求項３記載の電池加温システムにおいて、外部から電力を供給する外部電力供給装置を備え、
前記外部電力供給装置は、前記第１電気回路に電気的に接続されるとともに、前記所定の閾値温度よりも高温な閾値温度以上で自動的に電流を通す高温温度スイッチが配置された第３電気回路と、
前記高温温度スイッチを迂回して前記第３電気回路から分岐し、前記第２電気回路に接続される分岐回路と、
を備えることを特徴とする電池加温システム。 The battery heating system according to claim 3, further comprising an external power supply device that supplies power from outside.
The external electric power supply device is electrically connected to the first electric circuit, and is provided with a third electric temperature switch in which a high temperature switch that automatically passes an electric current at a threshold temperature higher than the predetermined threshold temperature is arranged. Circuit,
Branching from the third electrical circuit bypassing the high temperature switch and connected to the second electrical circuit;
A battery heating system comprising:
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