JP2015200068A - Structure for reducing uplift pressure against aquatic structure - Google Patents
Structure for reducing uplift pressure against aquatic structure Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、水面から上方に離れて存する構造物に対し、津波や高潮などの水位上昇に伴って、該構造物に作用する揚圧力を低減するための構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a structure for reducing a lifting pressure acting on a structure that is separated upward from a water surface as the water level rises such as a tsunami or storm surge.
水面から上方に離れて存する構造物(水上構造物)の一つとして、臨海部の発電施設や、該発電施設の立坑天端に存在するポンプ室がある。
図8(a)に、従来の発電施設の構造を示す。
この発電施設は、海に連通した取放水路aと、該取放水路aに連通したポンプ室bとを少なくとも含む。そして、前記ポンプ室bは、海水が流入する水槽部cと、該水槽部bの天井に相当する床板dとを少なくとも備える。
このような発電施設に津波が来襲すると(図8(b))、前記取放水路aを介して海水が逆流し、ポンプ室bの水槽部c内の水位が上昇する。そして、水位が前記床板dまで達すると、当該床板dに揚圧力が発生する。
As one of structures (floor structures) that are separated upward from the water surface, there are a power generation facility in a coastal area and a pump chamber that exists at the top of the shaft of the power generation facility.
FIG. 8A shows the structure of a conventional power generation facility.
This power generation facility includes at least an intake / discharge channel a communicating with the sea and a pump chamber b communicating with the intake / discharge channel a. And the said pump chamber b is provided with the water tank part c into which seawater flows in, and the floor board d equivalent to the ceiling of this water tank part b.
When a tsunami hits such a power generation facility (FIG. 8B), seawater flows backward through the intake / discharge channel a, and the water level in the water tank section c of the pump chamber b rises. When the water level reaches the floor board d, a lifting pressure is generated on the floor board d.
この揚圧力の大きさについては、これまで十分な検討がなされていないのが実情であった。 In fact, the magnitude of this lifting pressure has not been sufficiently studied so far.
出願人は、この揚圧力に着目し、水理実験によって前記揚圧力の大きさについて検証を行った。
その結果、水面がポンプ室bの床板dに着水する際、衝撃力として床板dに大きな揚圧力が作用することが判明した。
The applicant paid attention to this lifting pressure, and verified the magnitude of the lifting pressure by a hydraulic experiment.
As a result, it has been found that when the water surface reaches the floor plate d of the pump chamber b, a large lifting pressure acts on the floor plate d as an impact force.
この床板dへの揚圧力によって、以下のような問題が懸念される。
(1)床板の破損
津波来襲時に発生する揚圧力の衝撃により床板dが破損し、ポンプ室内の機能に影響を及ぼす危険性がある。
(2)天端蓋の飛散
発電施設を構成するポンプ室bには、点検用に床板dに開口部を設けており、その上に天端蓋eをして閉塞している箇所がある。
津波来襲時に発生する揚圧力の衝撃により天端蓋eが飛散してしまうと、閉塞していた開口部が開放されてしまうとため、この部分から海水が発電施設敷地内にへ溢水する危険性がある。
Due to the lifting pressure on the floor plate d, the following problems are concerned.
(1) Floor plate damage The floor plate d may be damaged due to the impact of lifting pressure generated during a tsunami attack, which may affect the function of the pump chamber.
(2) Spattering of the top end cover In the pump chamber b constituting the power generation facility, there is a portion where an opening is provided in the floor plate d for inspection and the top end cover e is closed on the opening.
If the top cover e is scattered by the impact of the lifting pressure generated during the tsunami, the closed opening will be opened, and there is a risk that seawater will overflow into the power generation facility site from this part There is.
本願発明は、津波等による水面の水位上昇に伴い水上構造物が受ける揚圧力を低減するための構造の提供を、少なくとも目的の一つとするものである。 At least one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a structure for reducing the lifting pressure received by a floating structure as the water level rises due to a tsunami or the like.
上記の課題を解決すべくなされた、本願の第1発明は、水面から上方に離れて存する構造物に対し、津波や高潮などの水位上昇に伴って作用する揚圧力を低減するための構造であって、前記構造物の底面から下方に延伸する壁部を、少なくとも一箇所以上設けたことを特徴とする、水上構造物に対する揚圧力の低減構造を提供するものである。
また、本願の第2発明は、前記第1発明において、前記構造物の底面のうち少なくとも一部の領域を、前記壁部で連続的または間欠的に取り囲んだことを特徴とするものである。
The first invention of the present application, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is a structure for reducing the lifting pressure acting on the structure existing away from the water surface as the water level rises such as a tsunami or storm surge. And the structure which reduces the lifting pressure with respect to a floating structure characterized by providing at least 1 or more wall part extended below from the bottom face of the said structure is provided.
The second invention of the present application is characterized in that, in the first invention, at least a part of the bottom surface of the structure is surrounded by the wall portion continuously or intermittently.
本願発明によれば、以下に記載する効果のうち、少なくとも何れか1つの効果を得ることができる。
(1)揚圧力の低減効果
水上構造物に設けた壁部により、水上構造物に作用する揚圧力を低減することができる。よって、揚圧力に起因する問題を予め抑制することができる。
また、前記水上構造物のうち、特に揚圧力を低減したい領域を、前記壁部で連続的或いは間欠的に取り囲むようにすると、さらに効果的である。
(2)様々な波形形状への対応性
壁部の長さ、位置、設置数を適宜変更することで、揚圧力の調整や、水面勾配の大きい水位変動への対応が可能となり、様々な波形に対応が可能である。
According to the present invention, at least one of the effects described below can be obtained.
(1) Lifting pressure reduction effect Lifting pressure acting on the floating structure can be reduced by the wall portion provided on the floating structure. Therefore, the problem resulting from the lifting pressure can be suppressed in advance.
In addition, it is more effective if the wall portion is surrounded by the wall portion continuously or intermittently in the above-described floating structure.
(2) Correspondence to various waveform shapes By changing the length, position, and number of installed walls as appropriate, it is possible to adjust the lifting pressure and respond to fluctuations in the water level with large water surface gradients. Is possible.
以下、各図面を参照しながら、本発明の実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<1>全体構成(図1(a))
図1(a)は、本発明に係る、水上構造物に対する揚圧力の低減構造(以下、単に「本構造」という。)の第1実施例の構造を示す概略図である。
本構造は、水面から上方に離れて存する構造物に対し、津波や高潮などの水位上昇に伴って、前記構造物に作用する揚圧力を低減するための構造である。
当該揚圧力の低減効果を得るために、本構造では、水上構造物の底面から下方に延伸する壁部を、少なくとも一箇所以上設けたことを特徴とする。
以下、各構成要素の詳細について説明する。
<1> Overall configuration (FIG. 1 (a))
FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a first embodiment of a structure for reducing lifting pressure (hereinafter simply referred to as “the present structure”) for a floating structure according to the present invention.
This structure is a structure for reducing the lifting pressure acting on the structure as the water level rises such as a tsunami or storm surge with respect to the structure existing away from the water surface.
In order to obtain the lifting pressure reduction effect, this structure is characterized in that at least one or more wall portions extending downward from the bottom surface of the floating structure are provided.
Details of each component will be described below.
<2>水上構造物
水上構造物とは、水面から上方に離れて存する構造物であり、臨海部に設けた発電施設、製油所、プラント施設の立坑天端などがある。
本実施例では、水上構造物として発電施設を想定している。
この発電施設は、海に連通した取放水路1と、該取放水路1に連通したポンプ室2を少なくとも含む。そしてポンプ室2は、海水が流入する水槽部21と、該水槽部21の天井板に相当する床板22を少なくとも備える。
床板22には、メンテナンス用途などのために、適宜水槽部21と連通する開口部221を設けてある。この開口部221は、通常時には天端蓋3によって閉塞されている。
<2> Water structure A water structure is a structure that is located away from the surface of the water, such as a power generation facility, a refinery, and a vertical end of a plant facility provided in a coastal area.
In this embodiment, a power generation facility is assumed as a floating structure.
This power generation facility includes at least an intake / discharge channel 1 that communicates with the sea and a pump chamber 2 that communicates with the intake / discharge channel 1. The pump chamber 2 includes at least a water tank portion 21 into which seawater flows and a floor plate 22 corresponding to a ceiling plate of the water tank portion 21.
The floor plate 22 is provided with an opening 221 that communicates with the water tank portion 21 as appropriate for maintenance purposes. The opening 221 is normally closed by the top end lid 3.
<3>壁部
壁部4は、水上構造物の底面に、大きな揚圧力が発生しない為の部材である。
本実施例では、前記「水上構造物の底面」とは、発電施設を構成する要素である「床板22の底面」を指す。
<3> Wall Part The wall part 4 is a member for preventing a large lifting pressure from being generated on the bottom surface of the water structure.
In the present embodiment, the “bottom surface of the floating structure” refers to “the bottom surface of the floor plate 22” which is an element constituting the power generation facility.
[壁部の設置態様]
壁部4は、水上構造物の底面から下方に延伸するように設ける。壁部4の延伸角度は特段限定されないが、本実施例では、壁部4を床板22の底面から鉛直下方に延伸するように設けている。
[Wall installation mode]
The wall 4 is provided so as to extend downward from the bottom surface of the water structure. Although the extending angle of the wall portion 4 is not particularly limited, in this embodiment, the wall portion 4 is provided so as to extend vertically downward from the bottom surface of the floor plate 22.
[壁部の形状、長さ、設置数、設置位置]
壁部4の形状、長さ、厚さ、設置数、設置位置についても、特段の限定事項は無く、後述する実験例や、今後の実験結果に基づいて、適宜設計すればよい。
本実施例では、壁部4を床板22の開放側の先端部に一箇所設けている。
[Wall shape, length, number of installations, installation position]
The shape, length, thickness, number of installations, and installation positions of the wall 4 are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately designed based on experimental examples to be described later and future experimental results.
In the present embodiment, the wall portion 4 is provided in one place at the open end of the floor plate 22.
<4>壁部の作用効果(図1(b))
壁部4の作用効果について図1(b)を参照しながら説明する。
通常時から、津波や高潮の発生によって水面が水位上昇した際、床板22の底面、水面、壁部4およびポンプ室2の側壁部分とで周囲を囲まれた空間は、空気が留まった空気室5を形成する。
この空気室5は、床板22の底面側への水の流入を阻むように作用する。
よって、水面が水位上昇しても、空気室5によって床板22の底面には水面が接近することなく、床板22に生じ得る水面からの揚圧力の発生を低減することとなり、引いては床板22の開口部221に設けた天端蓋3が飛散する危険性を回避することができる。
<4> Effect of wall portion (FIG. 1B)
The effect of the wall part 4 is demonstrated referring FIG.1 (b).
When the water level rises from the normal time due to the occurrence of a tsunami or storm surge, the space surrounded by the bottom surface of the floor plate 22, the water surface, the wall portion 4 and the side wall portion of the pump chamber 2 is an air chamber in which air remains. 5 is formed.
The air chamber 5 acts to prevent water from flowing into the bottom surface side of the floor plate 22.
Therefore, even if the water level rises, the air chamber 5 does not bring the water surface close to the bottom surface of the floor plate 22, thereby reducing the generation of lift pressure from the water surface that can occur on the floor plate 22. The danger that the top end cover 3 provided in the opening 221 will scatter is avoided.
<5>実験例(図2〜図6)
次に、本発明の構造についての水理実験について以下説明する。
<5> Experimental example (FIGS. 2 to 6)
Next, hydraulic experiments on the structure of the present invention will be described below.
<5.1>実験概要(図2、3)
図2は、本実験に用いた水路模型の基本モデル図である。
本実験では、取放水施設を模擬した100分の1スケールの模型Aへと津波を入射し、模型A内のポンプ室の床板22に相当する箇所に作用する揚圧力の大きさを計測する。
図3(a)は、床板22に壁部の無い従来の構造を示す図である。床板22の底面には間隔を空けて圧力計P1〜P3を設けている。
図3(b)〜(d)は床板22に設けた壁部の長さをそれぞれ変更した構造を示す図である。圧力計P1〜P3を設ける位置は図3(a)と同様であり、図示を省略する。
<5.1> Outline of the experiment (FIGS. 2 and 3)
FIG. 2 is a basic model diagram of the water channel model used in this experiment.
In this experiment, a tsunami is incident on a 1 / 100th scale model A simulating an intake and discharge facility, and the magnitude of the lifting pressure acting on the location corresponding to the floor plate 22 of the pump chamber in the model A is measured.
FIG. 3A is a view showing a conventional structure in which the floor plate 22 has no wall portion. Pressure gauges P1 to P3 are provided on the bottom surface of the floor plate 22 at intervals.
FIGS. 3B to 3D are diagrams showing structures in which the lengths of the wall portions provided on the floor plate 22 are changed. The positions where the pressure gauges P1 to P3 are provided are the same as in FIG.
<5.2>実験条件
(1)造波装置
模型Aに入力する波Bは、小型の二次元水槽に設置した造波装置Cによって造波する。造波装置Cは、特開2013−181869号公報に記載の造波装置などを用いることができる。
<5.2> Experimental conditions (1) Wave making device The wave B input to the model A is made by the wave making device C installed in a small two-dimensional water tank. As the wave making device C, the wave making device described in JP2013-181869A or the like can be used.
(2)入力津波の波形
本実験では、造波装置に設けてあるバルブを6個同時に開放して造波した波形と、3個同時に開放した時の波形を用い、各波形を出力したときに模型Aの床板22が受ける揚圧力を計測した工程を3回行った。これらの波形形状は図4に示す通りである。
(2) Waveform of input tsunami In this experiment, when a waveform was created by opening 6 valves at the same time in the wave making device and a waveform when 3 valves were opened simultaneously, each waveform was output. The process which measured the lifting pressure which the floor board 22 of the model A receives was performed 3 times. These waveform shapes are as shown in FIG.
<5.3>まとめ
各CASE1〜4の実験結果を下記の表1の通り示す。
表1 実験ケース一覧
また、これらの結果のまとめを、図6に示す。
<5.3> Summary The experimental results of each CASE 1-4 are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1 List of experiment cases
A summary of these results is shown in FIG.
本実験結果によって、以下の結論を導き出すことができる。
(1)壁部の有無
壁部4の有無による結果を対比すると、壁部4を設けたCASEのほうが、床板22に生じる最大揚圧力は小さくなる結果が得られた。
これは、壁部4の存在により、壁部4と床板22とポンプ室2の側壁との間に空気室が形成されその空気室がクッション(緩衝)として働くことに起因するものと考えられる。
(2)壁部の長短
壁部4の長短を変化した結果を対比すると、壁部4の長さが長いCASEのほうが、床板22に生じる最大揚圧力が小さくなる結果が得られた。
これは、壁部4の長さが長ければ長いほど、壁部4と床板22とポンプ室2の側壁との間の空間に形成された空気室の容積が増大するため、床板22の底面に接近しようとする水面を、前記したクッション(緩衝)効果が、より大きく作用することに起因するものと考えられる。
The following conclusions can be drawn from the results of this experiment.
(1) Presence / absence of wall portion When comparing the results based on the presence / absence of the wall portion 4, it was found that the maximum lifting pressure generated in the floor plate 22 was smaller in CASE provided with the wall portion 4.
This is considered to be due to the presence of the wall 4 and the formation of an air chamber between the wall 4, the floor plate 22, and the side wall of the pump chamber 2, and the air chamber acts as a cushion (buffer).
(2) The length of the wall portion When comparing the results of changing the length of the wall portion 4, CASE with the longer wall portion 4 resulted in a smaller maximum lifting pressure generated in the floor plate 22.
This is because, as the length of the wall portion 4 increases, the volume of the air chamber formed in the space between the wall portion 4, the floor plate 22 and the side wall of the pump chamber 2 increases. It is considered that the above-described cushion (buffer) effect acts on the water surface to be approached more greatly.
図7は、本発明の第2実施例に関する説明図である。
(図7(a))に示す第1実施例のように、壁部4を床板22の開放側の先端部に設けたのみでは、波の波形形状の変化によって、ポンプ室2の水槽部21内の水面勾配が大きくなったときには、床板22の底面に水面が接してしまって、揚圧力の低減効果が良好に発揮されない場合が考えられる。
この場合、図7(b)のように、複数の壁部4を、所定間隔を設けて床板22の底面に配置する構成とすれば、各壁部4間に空気室5が形成されやすくなり、水面勾配の大きい水位上昇の時にも、床板22の底面への揚圧力の低減効果を期待することができる。
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram relating to the second embodiment of the present invention.
As in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7 (a), the water tank part 21 of the pump chamber 2 is changed only by providing the wall part 4 at the front end part on the open side of the floor plate 22 due to the change in the wave shape of the wave. When the inner water surface gradient increases, the water surface may come into contact with the bottom surface of the floor plate 22 and the effect of reducing the lifting pressure may not be satisfactorily exhibited.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 7B, if the plurality of wall portions 4 are arranged on the bottom surface of the floor plate 22 with a predetermined interval, the air chamber 5 is easily formed between the wall portions 4. Even when the water level rises with a large water surface gradient, the effect of reducing the lifting pressure on the bottom surface of the floor plate 22 can be expected.
本発明では、前記水上構造物のうち、特に揚圧力を低減したい領域を、前記壁部で連続的或いは間欠的に取り囲むこともできる(図示せず)。
前記領域には、例えば、天端蓋3で閉塞した開口部221付近などが考えられる。
本実施例によれば、平面視したときに、指定した領域が現実的或いは仮想的に壁部4で囲まれたような形状となるため、空気室5が形成されやすくなり、当該領域に作用する揚圧力の低減効果をより発揮しやすくなる点で有益である。
In the present invention, a region in which the lifting pressure is particularly desired to be reduced can be continuously or intermittently surrounded by the wall portion (not shown).
As the region, for example, the vicinity of the opening 221 closed by the top cover 3 can be considered.
According to the present embodiment, when viewed in plan, the designated region becomes a shape that is realistically or virtually surrounded by the wall 4, so that the air chamber 5 is easily formed and acts on the region. It is beneficial in that it is easier to demonstrate the effect of reducing the lifting pressure.
1 取放水路
2 ポンプ室
21 水槽部
22 床板
221 開口部
3 天端蓋
4 壁部
A 模型
B 波
C 造波装置
D 水面勾配の大きい波
P 圧力計
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Intake / discharge channel 2 Pump room 21 Water tank part 22 Floor board 221 Opening part 3 Top end cover 4 Wall part A Model B Wave C Wave-making apparatus D Wave P with a large water surface gradient P Pressure gauge
Claims (2)
前記構造物の底面から下方に延伸する壁部を、少なくとも一箇所以上設けたことを特徴とする、
揚圧力の低減構造。 It is a structure to reduce the lifting pressure that acts as the water level rises such as tsunami and storm surge on the structure that is away from the water surface,
The wall portion extending downward from the bottom surface of the structure is provided with at least one place,
Reduced lifting pressure structure.
請求項1に記載の揚圧力の低減構造。 Characterized in that at least a part of the bottom surface of the structure is surrounded by the wall portion continuously or intermittently,
The lifting pressure reducing structure according to claim 1.
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JP2014077757A JP6503158B2 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Lifting pressure reduction structure for offshore structures |
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JP2014077757A JP6503158B2 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Lifting pressure reduction structure for offshore structures |
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JP6503158B2 JP6503158B2 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
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JP2017071962A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | 大成建設株式会社 | Lift pressure reduction device, lift pressure reduction structure, and installation method of lift pressure reduction device |
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JP2552044B2 (en) * | 1991-10-29 | 1996-11-06 | 株式会社日本アルミ | Wave pool |
JP2013096096A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-20 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd | Bridge |
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US4154548A (en) * | 1977-11-03 | 1979-05-15 | Takeshi Ijima | Multi-walled breakwater |
JPS54105830A (en) * | 1978-02-08 | 1979-08-20 | Penta Ocean Construction | Harbor structure of breakwater* etc* |
JP2552044B2 (en) * | 1991-10-29 | 1996-11-06 | 株式会社日本アルミ | Wave pool |
JP2013096096A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-20 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd | Bridge |
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JP2017071962A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | 大成建設株式会社 | Lift pressure reduction device, lift pressure reduction structure, and installation method of lift pressure reduction device |
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