JP2015190874A - Method and device for testing fretting fatigue - Google Patents

Method and device for testing fretting fatigue Download PDF

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JP2015190874A
JP2015190874A JP2014068721A JP2014068721A JP2015190874A JP 2015190874 A JP2015190874 A JP 2015190874A JP 2014068721 A JP2014068721 A JP 2014068721A JP 2014068721 A JP2014068721 A JP 2014068721A JP 2015190874 A JP2015190874 A JP 2015190874A
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test piece
fretting fatigue
contact
test
fretting
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JP6296860B2 (en
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彰人 小久保
Akihito Kokubo
彰人 小久保
貴紀 泉川
Takanori Izumikawa
貴紀 泉川
石井　仁
Hitoshi Ishii
仁 石井
矢ケ崎　徹
Toru Yagasaki
徹 矢ケ崎
聡一朗 隅田
Soichiro Sumida
聡一朗 隅田
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fretting fatigue testing method that can generate a fixing region and a sliding region in a contact surface where a contact piece and a test piece are in contact with each other and precisely measure fretting fatigue characteristics.SOLUTION: The fretting fatigue testing method includes the steps of installing a pressing member 14 to a pair of pads 11 and pressing a test piece 3 with the pressing member 14 by tightening a bolt 12 penetrating the pads 11, and applying high-frequency torsional vibration to the test piece 3 to perform fatigue test.

Description

本発明は、例えば蒸気タービン材料等に対して行うフレッティング疲労試験方法およびフレッティング疲労試験装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a fretting fatigue test method and a fretting fatigue test apparatus performed on, for example, a steam turbine material.

フレッティングとは、機械装置において面圧が作用している構造部材どうしの接触面間において、摩擦力を伴った数μｍ〜数十μｍ程度の微小な相対すべりが繰り返し生じる現象である。たとえば、蒸気タービンの翼根と翼溝の嵌合部では、蒸気タービンの運転時に面圧が作用した状態で微小な相対すべりが繰り返し生じ、フレッティングによる疲労（フレッティング疲労）が生じる。このフレッティング疲労により、構造部材にき裂が発生したり、構造部材が破壊されたりすることがある。フレッティング現象を伴う場合、構造部材の疲労強度は、フレッティング現象を伴わない場合と比べて大きく低下するため、構造部材の設計の際に大きな問題とされている。   Fretting is a phenomenon in which a minute relative slip of about several μm to several tens of μm with a frictional force is repeatedly generated between contact surfaces of structural members on which a surface pressure is applied in a mechanical device. For example, in a fitting portion between a blade root and a blade groove of a steam turbine, minute relative slip is repeatedly generated in a state where surface pressure is applied during operation of the steam turbine, and fatigue due to fretting (fretting fatigue) occurs. This fretting fatigue may cause a crack in the structural member or break the structural member. When the fretting phenomenon is accompanied, the fatigue strength of the structural member is greatly reduced as compared with the case without the fretting phenomenon.

構造部材のフレッティング疲労強度を測定する手法として種々のものが提案されている。たとえば、特許文献１には、試験片を固定するチャックと、試験片の下部を軸方向に加振する加振装置と、試験片の平行部を両側より押圧子で押圧しチャックからの距離を調整可能とした面圧負荷装置とからなるフレッティング疲労試験装置が提案されている。   Various methods for measuring the fretting fatigue strength of structural members have been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1, a chuck that fixes a test piece, a vibration device that vibrates a lower portion of the test piece in an axial direction, and a parallel portion of the test piece are pressed from both sides with a presser to determine the distance from the chuck. There has been proposed a fretting fatigue testing device comprising an adjustable surface pressure load device.

特許文献２には、一端にロードセルが取り付けられた試験片の他端をばね板の中央部に支持するとともに、ばね板の両端をベースにねじ止めし、さらに、ねじにロードセルが取り付けられた接触片を支持したフレッティング疲労試験装置が提案されている。   In Patent Document 2, the other end of a test piece having a load cell attached to one end is supported by the center portion of the spring plate, both ends of the spring plate are screwed to the base, and the load cell is attached to the screw. A fretting fatigue test apparatus supporting a piece has been proposed.

特許文献３には、負荷応力に対する相対すべり量を任意に変化させてフレッティング疲労強度を容易かつ低コストで評価することを目的とし、試験片を押圧するように配置されて、試験片と接触する境界において試験片を相対すべり可能に支持する少なくとも一つの接触部と、接触部の少なくとも一つに、相対すべり方向に負荷応力に応じた変位を付与する弾性体とを備えるフレッティング疲労試験装置が提案されている。また、非特許文献１には、超音波による引張圧縮加振によって迅速に評価できるフレッティング疲労試験装置が提案されている。   Patent Document 3 aims to evaluate fretting fatigue strength easily and at low cost by arbitrarily changing a relative slip amount with respect to a load stress, and is arranged to press the test piece so as to contact the test piece. Fretting fatigue testing apparatus comprising: at least one contact portion that supports a test piece so as to be relatively slidable at a boundary to be moved; and at least one of the contact portions is an elastic body that applies a displacement according to a load stress in a relative sliding direction. Has been proposed. Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a fretting fatigue test apparatus that can be quickly evaluated by tensile and compression excitation using ultrasonic waves.

実開昭５７−７５５５５号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-75555 実開平５−３６３４９号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-36349 特開２０１３−１０４７７９号公報JP 2013-104779 A

International Jounal of Fatigue23(2001) 449-453International Jounal of Fatigue 23 (2001) 449-453 フレッティング疲労の破壊機構「材料」Vol.46,No.11, pp. 1233-1241, Nov. 1997Fretting fatigue failure mechanism "Material" Vol.46, No.11, pp.1233-1241, Nov. 1997

非特許文献２の図２（ｂ）には、フレッティング疲労の破壊機構について記載されている。この図に示すように、振動する接触片と試験片の接触面には、両者の間に相対すべりのない固着域と、相対すべりが生じるすべり域とが存在し、固着域とすべり域との境界付近からき裂が発生する。   FIG. 2B of Non-Patent Document 2 describes a fretting fatigue destruction mechanism. As shown in this figure, the contact surface of the vibrating contact piece and the test piece has a fixed area where there is no relative slip between them and a slip area where relative slip occurs. A crack is generated near the boundary.

ところが、特許文献１〜３および非特許文献１に記載の技術では、フレッティング現象の再現が困難であり、接触片と試験片の接触面の全面がすべり域となる。そして、接触片との擦過によって試験片に生じた摩耗による切欠効果により、フレッティング現象を伴わない通常の疲労よりも早期にき裂が発生する。したがって、上記した従来の技術では、フレッティング疲労特性を正確に把握できていないのが現状である。   However, with the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and Non-Patent Document 1, it is difficult to reproduce the fretting phenomenon, and the entire contact surface between the contact piece and the test piece becomes a slip region. A crack is generated earlier than normal fatigue without fretting due to a notch effect due to abrasion generated on the test piece due to abrasion with the contact piece. Therefore, in the above-described conventional technology, the present situation is that the fretting fatigue characteristics cannot be accurately grasped.

本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、接触片と試験片との接触面に固着域とすべり域とを安定して発生させることができ、フレッティング疲労特性を正確に測定することができるフレッティング試験方法およびフレッティング試験装置を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can stably generate a fixed area and a sliding area on the contact surface between the contact piece and the test piece, and accurately measure fretting fatigue characteristics. An object of the present invention is to provide a fretting test method and a fretting test apparatus that can be used.

本発明は、試験片に接触部を押圧し、試験片を高周波加振するフレッティング疲労試験方法において、接触部を試験片に取り付けることを特徴とする。   The present invention is characterized in that, in a fretting fatigue test method in which a contact portion is pressed against a test piece and the test piece is subjected to high-frequency vibration, the contact portion is attached to the test piece.

また、本発明のフレッティング疲労試験装置は、試験片を支持する支持手段と、試験片に振動を与える振動発生手段と、試験片に押圧される接触部と、接触部を試験片に押圧した状態で取り付ける装着部とを備えたことを特徴とする。   Further, the fretting fatigue test apparatus of the present invention has a supporting means for supporting the test piece, a vibration generating means for applying vibration to the test piece, a contact portion pressed against the test piece, and pressing the contact portion against the test piece. And a mounting portion attached in a state.

従来においては、接触部を試験片とは切り離された機器に支持していたが、機器の構成要素が多いため、接触部が振動する試験片に対して相対すべりすることが避けられなかった。そのために、接触部の全域がすべり域となっていた。これに対して、本発明では、接触部を試験片に取り付けているため、試験片に対する接触部の密着状態が損なわれず、したがって、密着した部分で固着域が形成され、固着域の外側ですべり域が形成される。   Conventionally, the contact portion is supported by a device separated from the test piece. However, since there are many components of the device, it is inevitable that the contact portion slides relative to the vibrating test piece. For this reason, the entire area of the contact portion has become a slip area. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the contact portion is attached to the test piece, the contact state of the contact portion with the test piece is not impaired. A zone is formed.

本発明によれば、接触片と試験片との接触面に固着域とすべり域とを発生させることができ、フレッティング疲労特性を正確に測定することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to generate a fixed area and a sliding area on the contact surface between the contact piece and the test piece, and to accurately measure the fretting fatigue characteristics.

本発明の実施形態のフレッティング疲労試験装置の全体を示す側面図である。It is a side view showing the whole fretting fatigue testing device of an embodiment of the present invention. （Ａ）は実施形態における押圧治具を示す斜視図、（Ｂ）は接触部を示す斜視図、（Ｃ）は接触部の他の例を示す斜視図である。(A) is a perspective view which shows the press jig | tool in embodiment, (B) is a perspective view which shows a contact part, (C) is a perspective view which shows the other example of a contact part. 試験片を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows a test piece. 実施例におけるＳ−Ｎ線図である。It is a SN diagram in an example. 実施例におけるブリッジ状押圧子を用いたときの接触部を示す写真である。It is a photograph which shows a contact part when the bridge-shaped presser in an Example is used. 実施例における板状押圧子を用いたときの接触部を示す写真である。It is a photograph which shows a contact part when using the plate-shaped presser in an Example.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施形態について説明する。図１はフレッティング疲労試験装置の全体を示す側面図である。図１において符号１はねじり振動発生部である。ねじり振動発生部１の下端面には、角度増幅ホーン２が取り付けられ、角度増幅ホーン２の下端面には試験片３が取り付けられている。図３に示すように、試験片３は、両端に設けられた頭部３ａと、頭部３ａよりも小径な軸部３ｂとからなる線対称形状をなしている。軸部３ｂは、頭部３ａから断面の輪郭線が弧状をなして減少する曲面部３ｃと、曲面部３ｃの裾から直径が一定となって伸びる円柱部３ｄとからなっている。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing the entire fretting fatigue test apparatus. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a torsional vibration generator. An angle amplification horn 2 is attached to the lower end surface of the torsional vibration generator 1, and a test piece 3 is attached to the lower end surface of the angle amplification horn 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the test piece 3 has a line-symmetric shape including a head portion 3a provided at both ends and a shaft portion 3b having a smaller diameter than the head portion 3a. The shaft portion 3b is composed of a curved surface portion 3c in which the contour of the cross section decreases from the head portion 3a in an arc shape, and a cylindrical portion 3d extending from the hem of the curved surface portion 3c with a constant diameter.

図１に示すように、フレッティング疲労試験装置には、角度増幅ホーン２の下端部と試験片３の下端部に臨む変位検出センサ４が配置されている。変位検出センサ４の検出結果は変位測定器５に入力され、試験片３の頭部３ａどうしのねじれ角度が算出される。そのねじれ角度はコンピュータ６に入力され、コンピュータ６は、試験片３に生じるせん断応力を算出する。コンピュータ６は、発信器７を制御し、発信器７は、高周波のパルス信号をねじり振動発生部１に出力する。そして、ねじり信号発生部１は、入力されたパルス信号に対応したねじり振動を発生する。そのねじり振動の角度は、角度増幅ホーン２によって増幅される。   As shown in FIG. 1, the fretting fatigue test apparatus is provided with a displacement detection sensor 4 facing the lower end of the angle amplification horn 2 and the lower end of the test piece 3. The detection result of the displacement detection sensor 4 is input to the displacement measuring device 5, and the twist angle between the heads 3a of the test piece 3 is calculated. The twist angle is input to the computer 6, and the computer 6 calculates the shear stress generated in the test piece 3. The computer 6 controls the transmitter 7, and the transmitter 7 outputs a high-frequency pulse signal to the torsional vibration generator 1. Then, the torsion signal generator 1 generates torsional vibration corresponding to the input pulse signal. The angle of the torsional vibration is amplified by the angle amplification horn 2.

図２は実施形態の押圧治具１０を示す斜視図である。押圧治具１０は、一対のパッド１１を備えている。パッド１１は、板状をなし、試験片３を挟むようにして配置されている。パッド１１にはボルト１２が取り付けられ、ボルト１２にはナット１３が取り付けられている。また、パッド１１には、押圧子（接触部）１４が取り付けられている。押圧子１４は、超硬合金やハイス鋼のような硬い材料で構成され、図２（Ｂ）に示すような寸法で上下両縁部が試験片３側に突出している。なお、押圧子１４は図２（Ｃ）に示すような平坦な板状のものでもよい。   FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the pressing jig 10 of the embodiment. The pressing jig 10 includes a pair of pads 11. The pad 11 has a plate shape and is arranged so as to sandwich the test piece 3. A bolt 12 is attached to the pad 11, and a nut 13 is attached to the bolt 12. A presser (contact portion) 14 is attached to the pad 11. The presser 14 is made of a hard material such as cemented carbide or high-speed steel, and has upper and lower edges projecting toward the test piece 3 with dimensions as shown in FIG. The pressing element 14 may be a flat plate as shown in FIG.

パッド１１の一方には、歪みゲージ１５が貼着されている。歪みゲージ１５の検出信号はコンピュータ６に出力され、コンピュータ６は、押圧子１４から試験片３に加えられる荷重を算出する。すなわち、ボルト１２を締め付けることによって押圧子１４が試験片３を押圧する荷重を所定の値に設定し、試験片３にねじり振動を与えたときに押圧子１４と試験片３との接触部に固着域とすべり域が発生するようにする。   A strain gauge 15 is attached to one side of the pad 11. A detection signal from the strain gauge 15 is output to the computer 6, and the computer 6 calculates a load applied to the test piece 3 from the presser 14. That is, by tightening the bolt 12, the load that the pressing element 14 presses the test piece 3 is set to a predetermined value, and when the torsional vibration is applied to the test piece 3, the contact portion between the pressing element 14 and the test piece 3 is set. Make sure that sticking areas and sliding areas occur.

図３に試験片３の頭部３ａのねじり変位量とせん断応力を示す。図３に示すように、試験片３に高周波振動を与えると、２つの頭部３ａが変位し、中央部に変位が生じない節が生じる。この節を中心としたある範囲が押圧子１４との相対すべりがゼロといって差し支えない固着域であり、固着域の外側にすべり域が生じる。そして、固着域とすべり域の境界付近にき裂が発生すると、ねじり変位量が増加し、変位検出センサ４がそれを検出する。   FIG. 3 shows the torsional displacement and shear stress of the head 3a of the test piece 3. As shown in FIG. 3, when high frequency vibration is applied to the test piece 3, the two heads 3 a are displaced, and a node that is not displaced is generated at the center. A certain range centered on this node is a fixed area where the relative slip to the pressing element 14 can be said to be zero, and a slip area is generated outside the fixed area. When a crack occurs near the boundary between the fixed region and the slip region, the amount of torsional displacement increases, and the displacement detection sensor 4 detects it.

以下、具体的な実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。ＳＣＭ４２０Ｈ材により図３に示す試験片３を作製した。試験片３の頭部３ａの直径は９ｍｍとした。軸部３ｂの長さは１３ｍｍ、円柱部３ｄの長さは６ｍｍで直径は４ｍｍとした。ＳＫＨ５１材で図３（Ｂ）に示すブリッジ状の押圧子１４を作製し、押圧治具１０に取り付けた。そして、ボルト１２を締め付けて８００Ｎの力で試験片３を押圧し、その状態で約２００００Ｈｚのねじり振動を試験片３に与えて共振周波数が５０Ｈｚ以上低下したとき、あるいは繰り返し数が１０９回に達したときに試験を中断した。また、図３（Ｃ）に示す板状の押圧子１４を用いて同様のフレッティング疲労試験を行った。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. The test piece 3 shown in FIG. 3 was produced from the SCM420H material. The diameter of the head 3a of the test piece 3 was 9 mm. The length of the shaft portion 3b was 13 mm, the length of the cylindrical portion 3d was 6 mm, and the diameter was 4 mm. A bridge-shaped pressing element 14 shown in FIG. 3B was made of the SKH51 material and attached to the pressing jig 10. Then, the bolt 12 is tightened and the test piece 3 is pressed with a force of 800 N, and a torsional vibration of about 20000 Hz is applied to the test piece 3 in that state to reduce the resonance frequency by 50 Hz or more, or the number of repetitions is 10 9 times. The test was interrupted when reached. Moreover, the same fretting fatigue test was done using the plate-shaped presser 14 shown in FIG.

比較のために、図３に示す試験片３に対して下側の頭部３ａがない試験片を用い、その試験片の片側から押圧子で押圧する通常の疲労試験を行った。以上の疲労試験の結果を図４に示す。図４に示すように、フレッティングの影響で著しく疲労強度が低下する。また、ブリッジ状の試験片でも板状の試験片でも同様の結果が得られた。   For comparison, a test piece without the lower head 3a was used for the test piece 3 shown in FIG. 3, and a normal fatigue test was performed in which the test piece was pressed from one side with a presser. The results of the above fatigue test are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the fatigue strength is significantly reduced due to fretting. Similar results were obtained with both a bridge-shaped specimen and a plate-shaped specimen.

図５はブリッジ状の押圧子を用いたときの試験片の接触部を示す顕微鏡写真である。この写真に示すように、接触部には摩耗していない領域（固着域）と黒く摩耗している領域（すべり域）が存在し、両者の境界付近からき裂が生じている。図６は板状の押圧子を用いたときの試験片の接触部を示す顕微鏡写真であり、図５と同様の状態である。   FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph showing the contact portion of the test piece when a bridge-shaped pressing element is used. As shown in this photograph, there are a non-wearing region (fixed region) and a black-wearing region (slip region) in the contact portion, and a crack is generated near the boundary between the two. FIG. 6 is a photomicrograph showing the contact portion of the test piece when a plate-like pressing element is used, and is in the same state as FIG.

以上のように、本発明ではフレッティング疲労試験において試験片と押圧子との接触部に固着域とすべり域が生じ、フレッティング疲労特性が正確に測定できることが確認された。   As described above, in the fretting fatigue test according to the present invention, it was confirmed that a fixed region and a slip region are generated at the contact portion between the test piece and the presser, and the fretting fatigue characteristics can be accurately measured.

なお、上記実施形態および実施例では、高周波ねじり振動によるフレッティング疲労試験に本発明を適用したが、直線動の振動によるフレッティング疲労試験に適用することもできる。また、試験片は上記のようなダンベル状のものに限定されるものではなく、円柱状のものなど形状は任意である。   In the above-described embodiments and examples, the present invention is applied to the fretting fatigue test using high-frequency torsional vibration. However, the present invention can also be applied to the fretting fatigue test using linear motion vibration. Further, the test piece is not limited to the dumbbell shape as described above, and the shape such as a columnar shape is arbitrary.

本発明は、フレッティング疲労試験に利用可能である。   The present invention can be used for a fretting fatigue test.

１…ねじり振動発生部、２…角度増幅ホーン、３…試験片、４…変位検出センサ、
４…変位検出センサ、５…変位測定器、６…コンピュータ、７…発信器、
１０…押圧治具、１１…パッド、１２…ボルト、１３…ナット、
１４…押圧子（接触部）、１５…歪みゲージ。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Torsional vibration generation part, 2 ... Angle amplification horn, 3 ... Test piece, 4 ... Displacement detection sensor,
4 ... displacement detection sensor, 5 ... displacement measuring device, 6 ... computer, 7 ... transmitter,
10 ... Pressing jig, 11 ... Pad, 12 ... Bolt, 13 ... Nut,
14 ... Presser (contact part), 15 ... Strain gauge.

Claims (2)

試験片に接触部を押圧し、前記試験片を高周波加振するフレッティング疲労試験方法において、前記接触部を前記試験片に取り付けることを特徴とするフレッティング疲労試験方法。   In the fretting fatigue test method in which a contact portion is pressed against a test piece and the test piece is vibrated at a high frequency, the contact portion is attached to the test piece. 試験片を支持する支持手段と、前記試験片に振動を与える振動発生手段と、前記試験片に押圧される接触部と、前記接触部を前記試験片に押圧した状態で取り付ける装着部とを備えたことを特徴とするフレッティング疲労試験装置。   A support means for supporting the test piece, a vibration generating means for applying vibration to the test piece, a contact part pressed against the test piece, and a mounting part for attaching the contact part while pressing the contact part against the test piece. A fretting fatigue testing apparatus characterized by that.
JP2014068721A 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 Fretting fatigue test method and fretting fatigue test apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP6296860B2 (en)

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CN105259059A (en) * 2015-11-23 2016-01-20 江苏大学 Contrast test method for improving fretting fatigue resistance performance of material by laser shot blasting strengthening and test sample clamping device
CN108332974A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-07-27 北京航空航天大学 A kind of experimental rig of the more curved surface π type joint mechanical properties of test
JP2019138828A (en) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-22 本田技研工業株式会社 Fretting fatigue reduction structure of shaft member, shaft member, design method of shaft member, fretting fatigue strength test equipment for shaft member
KR20190102727A (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-04 (주)알에스피 Anti-buckling device reducing frictional resistance for thin fatigue test pieces
CN114252362A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-29 北京建筑大学 Biaxial loading fretting wear testing machine

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Cited By (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105259059A (en) * 2015-11-23 2016-01-20 江苏大学 Contrast test method for improving fretting fatigue resistance performance of material by laser shot blasting strengthening and test sample clamping device
CN105259059B (en) * 2015-11-23 2017-08-11 江苏大学 Laser peening reinforcing improves the contrast test method and sample clamping device of material fretting fatigue resistance energy
CN108332974A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-07-27 北京航空航天大学 A kind of experimental rig of the more curved surface π type joint mechanical properties of test
JP2019138828A (en) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-22 本田技研工業株式会社 Fretting fatigue reduction structure of shaft member, shaft member, design method of shaft member, fretting fatigue strength test equipment for shaft member
CN110159644A (en) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-23 本田技研工业株式会社 Shaft member and its fretting fatigue mitigate structure, design method and Fretting Fatigue Strength experimental rig
CN110159644B (en) * 2018-02-14 2021-10-26 本田技研工业株式会社 Shaft member, fretting fatigue reducing structure, design method, and fretting fatigue strength test device
KR20190102727A (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-04 (주)알에스피 Anti-buckling device reducing frictional resistance for thin fatigue test pieces
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CN114252362A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-29 北京建筑大学 Biaxial loading fretting wear testing machine
CN114252362B (en) * 2021-12-02 2024-03-19 北京建筑大学 Double-shaft loading fretting wear testing machine

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