JP2015171353A - Filter device, and suspension particle concentrator using the device, and fishery organism growing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a filter device capable of not only reducing the troubles and the working force aspect for performing the replacement of water storage frequently but also being disposed shortly and conveniently, and a suspension particle concentrator and a fishery organism growing device using the filter device.SOLUTION: A filter device for cleaning water while a fluidization being caused in a particulate filter medium 6 by a water flow by passing polluted water upward in a filter tank 2 filled with the particulate filter medium 6 comprises: a filter bath 2, in which fluid layers composed of a turbulent field 2b and a laminar field 2a are alternately laminated, while an upper face or a lower face being opened in a tubular shape; and an upward flow generating tube 3 or 4 enabled to communicate in water or air with the outside.

Description

  The present invention relates to a filtration device, in particular, a simple installation type aquarium filtration device, a suspended particle concentrating device, and aquatic products such as clams, clams, scallops and other seedlings or sea cucumbers. The present invention relates to a filtration device that can also be used as a growing device capable of efficiently cultivating living organisms.

  Conventionally, as a purification method of polluted water such as rivers and lakes, a water purification treatment called a catalytic oxidation method or a submerged filter bed method is known. In these water purification treatments, the oxidative decomposition action by bacteria contributes greatly to purification, and is called a biofiltration method.

  This water purification treatment is performed by filling the filter tank with a filter medium such as honeycomb tube, nylon band, plastic molded filter medium, charcoal, or activated carbon, ceramic, sand, etc. This removes pollutant (SS) and organic matter. Bacteria that grow naturally in the raw water gradually propagate on the surface of the filter medium, and a film called a biofilm is formed, thereby promoting the effect of removing contaminants.

  By the way, for example, in a simple installation type aquarium such as a prawn live shrimp sales aquarium, the stored water is immediately soiled by excrement of prawns and the shrimp is suspended to a state where it cannot be seen. For example, when a box-type water tank with a capacity of about 250 liters is sold for about a month, it is difficult to exchange the water frequently in terms of labor and labor. It was necessary to maintain a highly transparent water quality.

  As a water purification process for stored water in such a small aquarium, a biological purification method using bacteria as described above or a mechanical purification method using a filtration filter, etc. can be considered, but the water purification capability can be quickly achieved in an operation period of about one month. In cases where it must be demonstrated, there is not enough time for the bacteria to develop and biofiltration methods cannot be employed. Therefore, a mechanical filtration system must be used, but an expensive system cannot be used. Moreover, it is necessary to manufacture and install in a short time.

  Mechanical filtration systems can be broadly classified into fixed bed type and fluidized bed type. Among them, the fluidized bed type filtration is performed while fluidizing the filter medium layer by the flow of raw water, and the raw water is passed upward using a granular filter medium having a specific gravity slightly larger than the specific gravity of water. Is generally fluidized (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, a septic tank into which the fish culture water is introduced, a reaction cylinder disposed within the septic tank so that a predetermined space exists between the bottom surface of the septic tank and the fish tank is immersed in the fish culture water, and a reaction cylinder A diffuser placed at the bottom and connected to the aeration pipe to blow air into the reaction cylinder, and filled with an elution filler consisting of microbial metabolites or humic substances containing compounds with phenol-exposed groups in the reaction cylinder Water purification device for fish breeding with a bed, an elution filler made of crushed stone containing activated silicic acid such as andesite and rhyolite, and a sludge extraction pipe for extracting sludge deposited in the septic tank Has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  A water tank, a rotating body located in the upper part of the water tank, a water passage wall forming an outer peripheral wall of the rotating body, a space in the rotating body, and a granular filter medium. A filter medium layer, a filtrate outflow pipe that passes through the rotation axis of the rotating body and extends out of the water tank, and an inlet that flows into the water tank so that a spiral flow gradually lowers the raw water below the water tank. , The central swirl of the descending swirl flow is caused to flow out of the water tank through the filter medium layer, and has a drain outlet formed in the drain outlet pipe in the rotating body and a sediment outlet formed in the water tank. A filtration device in which a water passage wall is formed of a filter net has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  Form a packed bed of lightweight floating filter media that floats on the water in the middle part of the filtration tank, filter the raw water while passing through the packed bed, and clog the filter to reduce the filtration efficiency. Has been proposed (see Patent Document 4, for example).

  A biological treatment device for purifying by contacting raw water with a contact material to which microorganisms are attached, and a membrane filtration device for permeating the biologically treated raw water through a filtration membrane to perform solid-liquid separation and taking out treated water out of the system, Further, a concentration device for separating solids and precipitates contained in the raw water, which is located below the biological treatment device and the membrane filtration device, is disposed in a single treatment tank, and the biological treatment and There has been proposed a water purifier capable of performing membrane filtration and continuously treating each treatment concentrated in a concentrating device in one step (for example, see Patent Document 5).

JP-A-3-38289 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 7-41246 Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-19285 JP 2004-41916 A JP 7-323295 A

However, when filth is gradually discharged by shrimp and other aquatic products that come and go in large quantities in a small amount of water in a very short period of time, if a filter using a fine mesh is used, it cannot be used because it immediately clogs. .
In view of the above-described problems of the prior art, the present invention not only can reduce labor and labor for frequent replacement of stored water, but also uses a filtration device that can be easily installed in a short time. An object of the present invention is to provide a suspended particle concentrating device and a water product growing device.

  In order to achieve the above object, the filtration device of the present invention, the suspended particle concentrating device using the filtration device, and the aquatic product growth device pass polluted water upward through a filtration tank filled with particulate filter media, In a filtration device that purifies water while the particulate filter medium is fluidized by the flow of water, the upper or lower surface of the filtration device has a cylindrical shape in which fluidized beds that are turbulent and laminar flow fields are alternately placed. The first feature is that it includes a filtration tank laminated on the outside, and an upflow generation tube that allows water to flow and vent. Further, the second feature is that the pumped water rising flow type and the pumped water descending type filtration tank are arranged in a single treated water tank or in a single treated water area. Furthermore, the third feature of the filtration tank is that its lower part is installed so as to be submerged in the purification target water area.

  In the present invention, the water in the filtration tank is discharged from the upper surface, and the water stored in the water tank flows from the bottom of the container as compensation water, so that the water in the filtration tank is exchanged and is contained in the water flowing from the outside. The turbid material is concentrated in the filtration tank.

  The material and shape of the filtration container used in the present invention are not particularly limited, but it is preferably a cylindrical shape made of plastic or metal having water resistance and light resistance. Further, the bottom surface of the filtration container only needs to be opened in a state that does not significantly disturb the inflow of water into the container. For example, a flange may be formed on the inner periphery of the bottom portion to enhance rigidity.

  The present invention is a simple installation type water tank filtration device, suspension particle concentrating device, clams, clams, shijimi, etc. that can reduce the labor and labor of frequently changing the water storage to make use of aquatic products It is useful as a breeding apparatus that can efficiently cultivate aquatic products such as sea cucumbers and seedlings such as sea cucumbers and larvae.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows one Example of the filtration apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the water purification system which connected the filtration apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows a water surface floating type filtration apparatus. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the other Example of the filtration apparatus which concerns on this invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the filtration device 1 of the present invention is roughly classified into two types, a pumped water upward flow type 1A and a pumped water downward flow type 1B. The filtration tank 2 has a structure in which a layer (turbulent flow field) 2b and a void layer (laminar flow field) 2a of the filter medium 6 are alternately formed. In a normal filtration tank, a filter medium is filled in a filter, and a fluid to be filtered is pumped by a pump or the like, and filtered using the filter effect of the filter medium. Further, the filter is often installed outside the water tank or water area to be filtered, but the filtering device 1 of the present invention is characterized by being submerged in the water to be filtered. Further, the particle size of the filter medium 6 or the gap between the filter mediums 6 is set to be larger than the suspended particle diameter of the filtration target, thereby preventing the filtration function from being lowered due to clogging of the filter medium 6.

  The inside of the filtration tank 2 is divided into a plurality of layers by a perforated plate 10, and a gap layer 2a and a filter medium / growing medium layer 2b are provided. As the filter medium particles constituting the filter medium layer 2, natural minerals such as borax, activated carbon, anthracite, cristobalite, zeolite, or silica sand are used. The size of the filter medium particles may be changed depending on the suspended particle diameter to be filtered, but preferably about 1 mm, and when selecting the filter medium, the flow rate at which the filter medium layer 2 is fluidized according to the size and density of the filter medium particles. Adjust moderately.

[Filter concentration principle]
As described above, the filtration device 1 according to the present invention is of two types, that is, the pumped water upward flow type 1A and the pumped water downward flow type 1B, both of which force the fluid into the filtration tank 2 by applying water pressure with a pump or the like. Instead of pushing into the filter tank 2, the fluid discharged from the filter tank 2 is drained in an air lift system using the U-shaped drain tube 3 or the L-shaped drain tube 4, so that the fluid is put into the filter tank 2 due to its water replenishment effect Is a phenomenon in which water is absorbed while maintaining a laminar flow state.

  The fluid such as seawater absorbed by the filtration device 1 contains suspended particles such as plankton and detritus (biodebris). The surface of the suspended particles is charged with negative electrons, and the negative electrons repel each other, so that aggregation is difficult to occur. When a fluid containing such suspended particles passes through the gap of the filter medium 6, the fluid enters the turbulent flow field 2b in which the flow velocity and the flow direction change drastically. Due to the detachment of negative electrons and contact with the filter medium 6, the negative electron arrangement on the surface of the suspended particles is disturbed, resulting in an aggregating action.

  Changes in the scooping speed and suspension movement speed of the fluid due to the increase in specific gravity due to these coagulation effects, the flow velocity when passing through the gap of the filter medium 6 between the suspended particles, and the frictional resistance change due to the turbulence of the flow direction. It comes to occur. In other words, the relative speed of the suspended particles becomes slower depending on the speed of the fluid. These tendencies are prominent when the fluid passes through the filter medium layer 2b and flows into the upper space 2a in a laminar flow state.

  This change in the moving speed of the fluid and the suspended particles is further promoted by making the filter medium layer 2a and the gap 2b have an alternate layer structure. As a result, the suspended particles are gradually concentrated and stored in the apparatus. Will be. Further, since the aggregated suspended particles increase in particle size as a result, it becomes difficult for the aggregated suspended particles to pass through the filter medium 6 of the void upper layer portion 2b, and the concentration is further promoted.

  The suspended particle diameter or the storage speed stored in the filtration device 1 can be obtained by changing the particle diameter of the filter medium 6, the porosity, the material of the filter medium 6, and the fluid speed of the filter medium 6. It can be changed by the difference in the propagation of negative electrons due to. As a result, by changing the quality, particle diameter, and fluid passage speed of the filter medium 6, the particle diameter and storage speed of the suspended particles stored in the filtration device 1 can be selectively changed. Incidentally, in order to change the passage speed of the fluid, it can be easily adjusted by changing the particle diameter and the air supply amount of the bubbles used as power. Therefore, an air supply adjustment valve 5 is added to the air supply tube 3 for injecting bubbles. The adjustment can also be made by changing the water depth of the portion where the bubbles are injected.

Utilization as [Water Purification Device (Filtering Device)] As described in the above description of the filtration concentration principle, the filtering device 1 of the present invention sufficiently exhibits its function as a water purification device or a water quality filtering device, FIG. As shown in Fig. 5, it is possible to construct a water purification plant by installing this apparatus in the water tank 8 and connecting and operating them. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the same effect can be obtained even when the floating body 7 attached is installed in a state of floating in a sewage area, a water channel or the like, or fixedly installed.

[Utilization of suspended particles as a growth device for filtration and concentration equipment]
The suspended particles in seawater and natural fresh water include not only mineral particles but also organic particles derived from organisms such as plankton and detritus (biological debris). These organic suspension particles are positioned as food for the organisms that eat them. From this point of view, the filtration device 1 of the present invention can also be viewed as a feed concentration device.

  Typical marine products using organic suspended particles as feed include bivalves such as clams and shijimi. Sea cucumbers are examples of organisms that ingest organic matter adhering to the filter medium 6 and organic suspended particles that have settled and deposited on the filter medium. In addition, living organisms that inhabit the filter medium 6 and feed on these include polychaetes such as isomers and poor hair. This polychaete and oligochaete are useful as living things such as fishing baits.

  That is, for these aquatic products, the device 1 of the present invention is effective as a growing device having a higher feed concentration than the water area W outside the device and having a seawater exchange flow (supply of dissolved oxygen or the like). Thereby, the growth, survival rate, and population density of aquatic products can be increased from the water area around the device 1 of the present invention.

  For organisms living in the filter medium 6, the filter medium 6 is directly used as a growth medium for bivalve subsidence organisms such as clams and sand organisms such as polychaetes and oligochaetes. When containing aquatic products that are in the form of particles, such as clams, such as clams, without using the filter medium 6, the stored organism itself can be stored and grown instead of the filter medium. Effects can be obtained.

[Usage of aquatic products such as bivalves as an apparatus for collecting and growing spawning larvae]
As described above, the filtration apparatus 1 of the present invention concentrates and stores the suspended organic matter. However, when the clam or the like is accommodated in the filtration tank 2 and the eggs are fertilized and fertilized, fertilization is performed. The probability that the eggs are stored in the filtration tank 2 increases. In particular, the filtration device 1 is installed in a water tank or tank and circulated in the water storage state, so that the efficiency of the egg storage state is increased and the circulation efficiency of the seawater is also increased. Etc., the possibility of increasing the in vitro fertilization rate and the survival rate of larvae is increased. In other words, it can also be used as an egg-laying and hatching device, a larva growing device, or a shellfish growing device.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when the eggs and larvae that have been concentrated and stored in the filtration tank 2, juveniles that have been developed and cultivated, and the like are pulled out of the water tank, especially in the case of the pumping-up apparatus 1 </ b> A. In addition, by adding the check valve 9 to the bottom opening 1a, it is possible to prevent loss when the apparatus 1A is pulled out of the water. Even if eggs are not laid in the apparatus 1, similar effects can be obtained even if eggs collected and collected fertilized eggs and larvae are directly put into the tank 8 in which the apparatus 1 is installed. Can do.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Filtration apparatus 1A Pumping water rising type filtration apparatus 1B Pumping water falling type filtration apparatus 1a Bottom part opening part 1b Top opening part 2 Filtration tank 2a Turbulent flow field (filtration layer and growth culture medium)
2b Laminar flow field (gap between filter layers)
3 U-shaped drainage tube 4 L-shaped drainage tube 5 Air supply adjustment valve 6 Filter medium 7 Floating body 8 Water tank (artificial water area)
9 Check valve 10 Perforated plate (partition plate)
W Installation water surface

Claims (3)

In the filtration device that purifies water while allowing the particulate filter medium to fluidize by the flow of water by passing the polluted water upward through the filtration tank filled with the particulate filter medium, the upper surface or the lower surface is opened. It has a cylindrical shape and a filtration tank in which a fluidized bed that becomes a turbulent flow field and a laminar flow field are alternately stacked, and an upward flow generation tube that is capable of passing water and venting to the outside. Filtration device, suspended particle concentrating device and water product growing device using the same. 2. A filtration apparatus according to claim 1, and a suspension using the filtration apparatus, wherein the up-flow type and down-flow type filtration tanks are arranged in a single treated water tank or in a single treated water area. Particle concentrator and aquatic product growing device. The filtration tank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filtration tank is installed so that a lower part thereof is submerged in the water area to be purified, and a suspended particle concentrating apparatus using the filtration apparatus and aquatic product growth. apparatus.

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