JP2015166534A - Snow-melting system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a snow-melting system capable of being easily installed in a base plate of a turnout of a railroad and capable of suitably heating the base plate.SOLUTION: A snow-melting apparatus body 21, which internally accommodates a core having a coil wound around a shank, is mounted on a base plate 10 by means of a casing retainer fitting 22 and a stage fitting 23 so that a snow-melting system 20 can be installed on the base plate 10 in such a manner that a tip of the shank of the core is directed toward a side surface of the base plate 10. A commercial frequency current is supplied to the coil of the core so as to suitably induction-heat the base plate 10.

Description

  The present invention relates to a snow melting device, and more particularly to a snow melting device that heats a floor board in a railway branching device.

  Conventionally, in order to ensure safe operation in winter on railways laid in snowy / cold areas, there is a snow melting device that prevents the switching of the branching device from occurring due to freezing of the snow, such as ice and snow. It is used. As such a snow melting device, for example, a device that heats a floor plate or a rail in a branching device by a resistance heating type heater using a heating wire such as a nichrome wire is known.

  Insulating wires are alternately folded and inserted into a plurality of insertion holes formed at predetermined intervals near the upper surface of the floor plate, and an AC power source is connected to the tip of the insulated wire, thereby generating heat by the Joule heat. A snow melting device that functions as a heat-generating steel plate is also provided (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2008-308893 A

  However, in the case of a snow melting device using a conventional resistance heating type heater, in order to conduct the heat of the heated heating wire to the floor board or rail, the heater needs to be in close contact with the object to be heated. There was a problem that gaps were easily formed between them and foreign matters were easily introduced, resulting in large heat loss.

  Moreover, in the case of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the work of drilling the insertion hole in the floor plate installed in the track or inserting the insulated wire into the insertion hole is very complicated, so it is retrofitted to the existing floor plate. It was difficult to do. In addition, there is a problem that the floor board vibrates as the train travels, and the edge of the insertion hole and the insulated wire rub against each other, which may cause a trouble that the insulated wire is disconnected.

  The objective of this invention is providing the snow melting apparatus which can be easily installed in a floor board and can heat a floor board suitably.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
A core provided with a plurality of shaft portions extending toward the floor plate side on which the tongrel is slidably disposed on the upper surface;
A snow melting device comprising a coil wound around the shaft portion for induction heating of the floor board,
The coils arranged on the adjacent shaft portions of the plurality of shaft portions are driven with a commercial frequency current (a commercial current alternating current) so as to generate magnetic fluxes in different directions.

According to such a configuration, when attaching a snow melting device having a core with a coil wound around the shaft to the floor plate, the tip of the shaft portion of the core may be attached to the floor plate, and complicated post-processing is performed on the floor plate. Since it is not necessary to apply, this snow melting apparatus can be easily installed on a floor board.
And the commercial frequency current of mutually different direction is sent to the coil distribute | arranged to the adjacent axial part in a core, the magnetic flux of mutually different direction is produced, and the magnetic flux (for example, refer FIG. 11) between adjacent coils is produced. ) And the floor board can be suitably induction-heated.
In addition, since this snow melting device can inductively heat the floor board by supplying commercial frequency current to the coil, it suppresses the influence of the generated magnetic field on peripheral equipment compared to the induction heating type snow melting device by high frequency current. Can do.

Also, preferably
The coils arranged in adjacent shaft portions of the plurality of shaft portions are wound in different directions.
By doing so, it becomes easy to flow commercial frequency currents in different directions to the coils arranged on the adjacent shaft portions.

Also, preferably
A capacitor connected in parallel to the coil was provided.
Since a snow melting device composed of a core and a coil has a large inductance component and has a low power factor in principle, the power factor is improved by connecting a capacitor in parallel with the coil.

Also, preferably
The cores are paired with the floor plate in between, and are arranged so that the shaft portions thereof are opposed to each other, and the coils disposed on the opposed shaft portions are arranged on the shaft center of the shaft portion. It is configured to generate magnetic flux in the same direction along.
By doing so, the magnetic flux generated by the coils can be suitably applied to the floor plate so that the coils facing each other across the floor plate can exchange each other's magnetic flux (for example, see FIG. 4), and the floor plate is efficiently induced. Can be heated.

Also, preferably
A housing made of a non-magnetic material that houses the core around which the coil is wound around the shaft;
A frame-like member fixed to both sides of the floor plate and penetrating toward the side surface of the floor plate,
The casing is attached by being inserted into the frame-shaped member.
By doing so, it becomes easy to attach the core around which the coil is wound around the shaft portion to the side surface of the floor board.

Also, preferably
The casing is filled with an insulating material, and the insulating material covers the coil.
By doing so, it becomes easy to handle the core around which the coil is wound around the shaft portion, and it becomes easy to attach the snow melting device to the floor board.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a snow melting apparatus can be easily installed in arbitrary floor boards, and a floor board can be heated suitably.

It is a top view which shows an example of the branching device in an orbit. It is a side view which expands and shows the vicinity of the floor board in a branching device by the II-II arrow view of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the floor board which attached the snow melting apparatus of this embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the snow melting apparatus of this embodiment, and has shown the direction of the magnetic flux between the coils which oppose on both sides of a floor board. It is explanatory drawing which shows the equivalent circuit regarding the connection of the coil and capacitor | condenser in a snow melting apparatus. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the snow melting machine main body of a snow melting apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of assembling a snow melting apparatus to a floor board, and is the upper side figure (a) and the side view (b). It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of assembling a snow melting apparatus to a floor board, and is the upper side figure (a) and the side view (b). It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of assembling a snow melting apparatus to a floor board, and is the upper side figure (a) and the side view (b). It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of assembling a snow melting apparatus to a floor board, and is the upper side figure (a) and the side view (b). It is the schematic which shows the snow melting apparatus of this embodiment, and has shown the direction of the magnetic flux which goes between adjacent coils.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a snow melting device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a top view showing an example of the branching device 100 in the track, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view showing the vicinity of the floor plate 10 in the branching device 100 as viewed in the direction of arrows II-II in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the branching device 100 is positioned between two basic rails 1, 1 fixed to a sleeper 3 laid at predetermined intervals by a fastener 11 b and the basic rails 1, 1. Then, the Tongle rail 2 that slides on the upper surface of the floor plate 10 while maintaining a distance between the rolling bar 4 and the spacing bar 5, and the operating rod 6 connected to the rolling bar 4 on the tip side of the Tongle rail 2 are provided. A tongle rail 2 is swung by a rocking fulcrum 7 to constitute a switch 8 for switching points.
A snow melting device 20 is attached to the floor plate 10 of the branching device 100 for melting the ice and snow adhering to the floor plate 10 and the basic rail 1 and the tongrel 2 in contact with the floor plate 10 by heating the floor plate 10. . In addition, although the snow melting apparatus 20 is attached to the floor board 10 on the sleeper 3 of the installation range R shown in FIG. 1 at least, you may attach to the floor board 10 on the sleeper 3 outside the range.

As shown in FIG. 2, one lower flange of the basic rail 1 is fitted under the protruding portion 12b of the floor board 10 and is urged on the floor board 10 by a fastening spring (not shown). The basic rail 1 is elastically fastened to the floor board 10.
As shown in FIG. 2, the other lower flange of the basic rail 1 is urged on the floor plate 10 by a clip of a fastener 11 b of the floor plate 10, and the basic rail 1 is elastically applied to the floor plate 10 by the urging force. It is concluded.
Since the fastening structure of the basic rail 1 to the floor plate 10 is the same as that of a conventionally known one, it will not be described in detail here.

  The floor board 10 is a metal member formed by processing a steel material. As shown in FIG. 3, the main body 11 on which the basic rail 1 is placed and the Tongleil 2 at a position higher than the main body 11. And a sliding portion 12 having an upper surface 12a on which the sliding surface is slidably mounted.

At the four corners of the main body 11, attachment holes 11 a are inserted into which bolts for fixing the floor board 10 to the sleepers 3 are inserted.
Further, a fastener 11 b for elastically fastening the basic rail 1 to the floor plate 10 is provided on one end side of the main body 11, and a fastening spring (not shown) is inserted on the other end of the main body 11. An insertion hole 11c is formed.

The sliding part 12 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped block provided on the center side in the width direction of the main body part 11. The upper surface 12a of the sliding part 12 is formed flat, and functions as a sliding surface on which the Tongrel 2 is placed.
Further, the sliding portion 12 is formed with a protruding portion 12b whose upper surface protrudes toward the basic rail 1 side (the fastener 11b side of the main body portion 11). The protruding portion 12b protrudes so as to be positioned above one lower flange of the basic rail 1, and has a function of supporting the basic rail 1 so that it does not lose its posture, such as tilting.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the snow melting device 20 is arranged in pairs on both sides of the floor board 10.
The snow melting device 20 includes a core 30 provided with a plurality of shaft portions 31 extending toward the floor plate 10 (sliding portion 12), and a coil 40 wound around the shaft portion 31 for induction heating of the floor plate 10. And.
The snow melting device 20 of the present embodiment has a snow melter body 21 in which a core 30 around which a coil 40 is wound around a shaft portion 31 is housed in a housing, and the snow melter body 21 is attached to the side surface of the floor plate 10. The housing holding metal fitting 22 and the stage metal fitting 23 are provided, and the paired snow melting devices 20 are attached so as to sandwich the floor board 10.

The core 30 is, for example, an iron core having three shaft portions 31 arranged in parallel at equal intervals and having a substantially E shape. The core 30 is, for example, a member formed by laminating 46 silicon steel plates having a substantially E shape and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
The coil 40 is made of a metal wire wound around the shaft portion 31 so as to generate a magnetic flux (magnetic field) suitable for induction heating of the floor plate 10. For example, the coil 40 has a three-layer winding of a 1 mm diameter nichrome wire 138. It is a roll.
The coils 40 arranged on the adjacent shaft portions 31 of the plurality of shaft portions 31 of the core 30 are driven by being supplied with commercial frequency currents (commercial frequency alternating currents) in different directions. The adjacent coils 40 are configured to generate magnetic fluxes in different directions.
In the snow melting device 20 of the present embodiment, the coils 40 arranged on the adjacent shaft portions 21 in the core 30 are wound in different directions so that commercial frequency currents in different directions flow. . For example, when the coil 40 is wound around the central shaft portion 21 of the core 30 with a right turn, the coil 40 is wound around the shaft portions 21 on both sides thereof with a left turn. In addition, when the coil 40 is wound around the central shaft portion 21 of the core 30 in a left-handed manner, the coil 40 is wound around the shaft portions 21 on both sides thereof in a right-handed manner. The three coils 40 provided in the core 30 are formed by winding one metal wire (nichrome wire) around the three shaft portions 31.

In particular, in the snow melting device 20 of the present embodiment, the cores 30 are paired with the floor plate 10 (sliding portion 12) interposed therebetween, and are arranged so that the shaft portions 31 face each other. The coils 40 arranged in the portion 31 are configured to generate magnetic fluxes in the same direction along the axis of the shaft portion 31.
As shown in FIG. 4, the snow melting device 20 including the core 30 and the coil 40 generates a magnetic flux generated by the coil 40 so that the coils 40 facing each other across the floor plate 10 exchange magnetic fluxes. The floor board 10 can be induction-heated efficiently by suitably acting on the floor board 10.

Moreover, the snow melting apparatus 20 is provided with the capacitor | condenser 50 connected in parallel with respect to the coil 40, as shown in FIG.
The snow melting device 20 constituted by the core 30 and the coil 40 has a low power factor in principle because the inductance component increases. Therefore, the power factor is improved by installing a capacitor 50 of, for example, 100 μF (−j31.8) in parallel with the coil 40. In the case of the present embodiment, the power factor of 0.49 without a capacitor can be theoretically improved to 0.99 by installing the parallel capacitor 50 and 0.95 in actual measurement.

  Next, a procedure for assembling the snow melting device 20 to the floor board 10 will be described. 7 to 10, the snow melting device 20 assembled on one side surface of the floor board 10 is illustrated, but the snow melting device 20 is similarly assembled on the other side surface of the floor board 10.

First, as shown in FIG. 6, the core 30 around which the coil 40 is wound around the shaft portion 31 is housed in the housing, and the snow melter body 21 is assembled.
The housing includes a lower box 21a and an upper lid 21b made of a nonmagnetic material such as aluminum or SUS300 stainless steel.
The lower box 21a is a box formed by surrounding a rectangular bottom plate with four plates, and one plate arranged on the long side of the bottom plate has a fixed end portion 211 extending below the bottom plate. doing. Bolt holes 212 are formed in the fixed end portion 211. In addition, a cable fixing bracket 213 for fixing a power cable 60 for supplying a commercial frequency current to the coil 40 is provided on one plate material arranged on the short side of the bottom plate.
The upper lid 21b is a lid formed by bending a plate material into a substantially L-shape, and is substantially the same size as the plate provided with the upper plate portion 214 and the fixed end portion 211 that are substantially the same size as the bottom plate of the lower box 21a. A side plate portion 215 is provided. Bolt holes 216 are formed in the side plate portion 215.

The specific assembly procedure of the snow melter body 21 is as follows. First, the core 30 around which the coil 40 is wound around the shaft portion 31 is placed in the lower box 21a. At this time, the nichrome wires at both ends of the coil 40 are attached to predetermined positions of the cable fixing bracket 213 so that the power cable 60 and the coil 40 to be attached later can be connected.
Next, the space in the lower box 21a is filled with a silicone resin that is an insulating material. At this time, the surface of the coil 40 is covered with a silicone resin to insulate the coil 40 from the lower box 21a (upper lid 21b). Further, since the lower box 21a is filled with the silicone resin, the movement of the core 30 around which the coil 40 is wound in the lower box 21a is restricted, and the orientation and arrangement thereof are not shifted.
Next, the bolt hole 212 of the fixed end portion 211 and the bolt hole 216 of the side plate portion 215 are aligned and attached so that the upper cover 21b is covered on the lower box 21a, and the snow melter body 21 is assembled.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the stage fitting 23 is placed on the sleeper 3 along the main body 11 of the floor board 10, and the stage fitting 23 is welded to the main body 11.
The stage fitting 23 is a member having a U-shaped cross-sectional view made of a steel material, and has substantially the same height as the thickness of the main body 11 of the floor board 10. Bolt holes 23a for attaching the case holding metal fitting 22 are formed on the upper surface of the stage metal fitting 23, and the weld bead 23b is formed so that the upper surface of the stage metal fitting 23 and the upper surface of the main body 11 are substantially flush with each other. Thus, the stage fitting 23 is fixed to the main body 11.
Further, a bolt hole 23 c for attaching the snow melter body 21 is formed on one side surface of the stage fitting 23.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), the case holding metal fitting 22 is screwed to the stage metal fitting 23 with the bolt B.
The case retainer bracket 22 is a frame-shaped member made of steel, and includes a plate portion 22a disposed in contact with the upper surface of the stage bracket 23 and a frame portion 22b penetrating toward the side surface of the floor plate 10 (sliding portion 12). have. Bolt holes are formed in the plate portion 22a of the case holding metal fitting 22, and the bolt holes of the plate portion 22a and the bolt holes 23a of the stage metal fitting 23 are aligned and screwed with the bolts B, so The body holding metal fitting 22 is fixed to the stage metal fitting 23.
The frame portion 22b of the case retainer 22 fixed to the stage fitting 23 is on the main body 11 of the floor board 10, and the upper surface of the frame portion 22b is almost the same height as the upper surface 12a of the sliding portion 12 and slightly. It is in a low position. The frame portion 22b has a size in which the housing portion of the snow melting device main body 21 (the portion in which the core 30 around which the coil 40 is wound is accommodated) is inscribed.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b), the snow melter body 21 is attached to the case retainer 22 so that the snow melter body 21 is brought into close contact with the sliding portion 12 of the floor plate 10.
Specifically, the housing portion of the snow melter main body 21 is inserted into the frame portion 22 b toward the side surface of the sliding portion 12 of the floor plate 10, and the snow melter main body 21 is attached to the housing presser fitting 22. Then, the bolt B is screwed from the bolt holes 216 and 212 of the snow melter body 21 toward the bolt holes 23 c of the stage fitting 23 to fix the snow melter body 21 to the floor board 10. The tip of the shaft portion 31 of the core 30 in the snow melter body 21 is directed to the side surface of the floor board 10 (sliding portion 12).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the power cable 60 is connected to the cable fixing bracket 213 of the snow melter body 21, and the power cable 60 and the coil 40 are electrically connected.
Thus, the assembly of the snow melting device 20 to the floor board 10 is completed.

  And by supplying a commercial frequency current to the coil 40 of the snow melting device 20 through the power cable 60, the floor board 10 can be induction-heated, and the ice and snow adhering to the floor board 10 can be melted. Furthermore, the heat can be conducted to the basic rail 1 and the Tongrel 2 that are in contact with the floor board 10 to melt the ice and snow adhering to the basic rail 1 and the Tongrel 2 so that the switch 100 can be switched in the winter season. It is possible to reduce the occurrence of problems in operation.

Here, the temperature rise test of the floor board performed in order to verify the snow melting ability which the snow melting apparatus 20 has is demonstrated.
Assuming that the snow-melting device 20 is used in an amount of snowfall of 5 [cm / h], the test was performed in a thermostatic chamber adjusted to a temperature of −5 [° C.] and a wind speed of 4 [m / s]. went.
The snow melting device 20 is attached to the floor board 10 installed in the thermostat, and the power source current 2.6 [A], the power source voltage 119 [V], the power 306 [W], the power factor 0.98, the coil current 4.8 [A]. When the snow melting device 20 was operated under the condition of the capacitor current 3.8 [A] (at the start of the test), the temperature at the center of the floor board 10 was saturated at 14 [° C.] 1 hour and 30 minutes after the start of the test. did. In addition, the temperature of the floor board 10 of the comparison object to which the snow melting apparatus 20 is not attached was −4 [° C.].
And, in the past artificial snow test, if the temperature at the center of the floorboard 10 was saturated at about 10 [° C.] under the condition of snowfall of 5 [cm / h], the snow on the upper surface of the floorboard was melted. Thus, it was confirmed that the snow melting device 20 has a sufficient snow melting ability.

As described above, the snow melting device 20 of the present embodiment uses the housing presser fitting 22 and the stage fitting 23 to connect the snow melter body 21 that houses the core 30 around which the coil 40 is wound. By attaching to the floor board 10, the snow melting device 20 can be installed on any floor board 10. That is, the snow melting device 20 can be easily installed on the existing floor board 10 provided in the branching device, and the floor board 10 can be suitably heated.
In particular, the coils 40 arranged on the adjacent shaft portions 31 in the core 30 are wound in different directions so that commercial frequency currents in different directions flow, so that the coils of the adjacent shaft portions 31 flow. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the floor plate 10 can be suitably induction-heated as a magnetic flux that passes between adjacent coils 40 as shown in FIG.
Further, the shaft portions 31 of the cores 30 in the snow melting device 20 installed in pairs on both sides of the floor board 10 are arranged so as to face each other, and the coil 40 arranged on the facing shaft portions 31 has a shaft portion. Since the magnetic flux in the same direction is generated along the axial center of the coil 31, the coil 40 is generated so that the coils 40 facing each other with the floor plate 10 exchanged each other as shown in FIG. Thus, the floor plate 10 can be efficiently induction-heated by causing the magnetic flux to act on the floor plate 10 appropriately.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since the two snow melting apparatuses 20 are installed so that it may form a pair on both sides of the floor board 10, for example, even if a failure occurs in one snow melting apparatus 20, the other snow melting apparatus 20 The floor board 10 can be induction-heated.

  Moreover, since the snow melting apparatus 20 of this embodiment can induction-heat the floor board 10 by supplying a commercial frequency current to the coil 40, the peripheral equipment by a generated magnetic field compared with the induction heating type snow melting apparatus by a high frequency current. The use of the snow melting device 20 does not cause a failure in signal equipment or communication equipment.

  As described above, if the snow melting device 20 of the present embodiment is used, the floor board 10 can be induction-heated satisfactorily, so that the ice and snow adhering to the floor board 10 and the basic rail 1 and the tongray 2 in contact with the floor board 10 are melted. It can be faded, and there is no support for the switching operation of the branching device 100 in winter.

  In the above embodiment, the core 30 is a substantially E-shaped iron core having three shaft portions 31, but the present invention is not limited to this. A substantially C-shaped (substantially U-shaped) core having the shaft portion 31 may be used, or a comb-shaped core having four or more shaft portions 31 may be used.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the snow melting device 20 is installed in pairs on both sides of the floor board 10, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, on one side of the floor board 10. One snow melting device 20 may be installed.

  Further, the housing that accommodates the core 30 is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the lower box 21a in which a rectangular bottom plate is surrounded by four plates, and the rectangular upper plate are divided into four pieces. It may be a housing having an upper lid 21b surrounded by a plate material and having a structure in which the lower lid 21a is covered with the upper lid 21b and nested.

  Moreover, after attaching the snow melter main body 21 to the case retainer metal fitting 22 as in the above-described embodiment, the power cable 60 is not limited to being connected to the cable fixing metal fitting 213 of the snow melter main body 21. The snow melter main body 21 to which 60 is fixed may be attached to the case pressing metal fitting 22. In this case, the core 30 around which the coil 40 is wound around the shaft portion 31 is housed in the lower box 21a, and the end portion of the power cable 60 is put into the lower box 21a through the cable fixing bracket 213. Then, the snow melting machine main body 21 may be assembled by filling the lower box 21a with silicone resin and covering the upper lid 21b.

  In addition, it is needless to say that other specific detailed structures can be appropriately changed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Basic rail 2 Tongue rail 3 Sleeper 10 Floor board 11 Main body part 12 Sliding part 12a Upper surface 20 Snow melting apparatus 21 Snow melting machine main body 21a Lower box (housing | casing)
21b Upper lid (housing)
22 Housing clamp (frame member)
22a Plate part 22b Frame part 23 Stage metal fittings 30 Core 31 Shaft part 40 Coil 50 Capacitor 60 Power supply cable 100 Branch device

Claims (6)

A core provided with a plurality of shaft portions extending toward the floor plate side on which the tongrel is slidably disposed on the upper surface;
A coil wound around the shank to inductively heat the floor board,
The snow melting apparatus, wherein the coils disposed on adjacent shaft portions of the plurality of shaft portions are driven with a commercial frequency current so that magnetic fluxes having different directions are generated.   The snow melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the coils arranged in adjacent shaft portions of the plurality of shaft portions are wound in different directions.   The snow melting device according to claim 1, further comprising a capacitor connected in parallel to the coil.   The cores are paired with the floor plate in between, and are arranged so that the shaft portions thereof are opposed to each other, and the coils disposed on the opposed shaft portions are arranged on the shaft center of the shaft portion. It is comprised so that the magnetic flux of the same direction may be produced along, The snow melting apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. A housing made of a non-magnetic material that houses the core around which the coil is wound around the shaft;
A frame-like member fixed to both sides of the floor plate and penetrating toward the side surface of the floor plate,
The snow melting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the casing is attached by being inserted into the frame member.   The snow melting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the casing is filled with an insulating material, and the insulating material covers the coil.

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