JP2015166107A - joining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a joining method capable of easily flattening a joined metallic member.SOLUTION: A joining method includes a preparation step of forming a butting part J by butting mutual end surfaces 1a and 1a on one end side of a pair of metallic members 1 and 1, a first regular joining step of executing frictional agitation to the butting part J from the surfaces 1b and 1b side of the metallic members 1 and 1 and a second regular joining step of executing welding to the butting part J from the reverse surfaces 1c and 1c side of the metallic members 1 and 1. In the first regular joining step, the frictional agitation is executed in a state of inclining the metallic members 1 and 1 so that one end side becomes higher than the other end side of the metallic members 1 and 1, a burr generated by the frictional agitation is removed and the metallic members 1 and 1 are reversed after finishing the first regular joining step, and the welding is executed while cooling by a cooling plate K disposed on the surfaces 1b and 1b side of the metallic members 1 and 1 in the second regular joining step.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining metal members by friction stirring.

  Friction stir welding (FSW = Friction Stir Welding) is known as a method for joining metal members. Friction stir welding is a method in which the metal members are fixed together by rotating the rotary tool along the abutting portion between the metal members and plastically flowing the metal at the abutting portion by frictional heat between the rotating tool and the metal member. Phase joining is performed.

  Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which a rotating tool is inserted into a butt portion formed by abutting end portions of metal members, and the butt portion is friction stir welded from the front side and the back side of the metal members. ing. When friction stir welding is performed, a plasticized region is formed in the movement trajectory of the rotary tool. However, since the plasticized region is thermally contracted, the metal members after bonding are deformed so as to be concave.

  On the other hand, after performing frictional stirring from the front surface side, welding from the back surface side may be considered to join the metal members.

JP 2008-290092 A

  When the metal members are turned over after frictional stirring is performed from the surface side of the metal members, the metal members are warped so as to be convex upward. When welding is performed from the back side of the metal member, there is a problem that the welding operation becomes difficult if the metal members are warped. In order to solve such a problem, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, the metal member after frictional stirring of the surface side is sandwiched by the roll member, and the roll member is moved relative to the metal member to form a concave shape. The metal member that has been deformed may be flattened, but the correction work becomes complicated.

  Moreover, since heat acts on the metal member also by welding, the metal members after joining are deformed into a concave shape in the same manner as the friction stir. Therefore, even after welding from the back side of the metal members to the butt portion, the correction work must be performed again, and there is a problem that it takes a lot of work.

  From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a joining method capable of easily flattening the joined metal members in a joining method of metal members by friction stirring.

  In order to solve such a problem, the present invention performs a preparatory process in which end faces on one end side of a pair of metal members are butted together to form a butted portion, and friction stir is performed from the surface side of the metal member to the butted portion Including a first main joining step and a second main joining step of welding the butt portion from the back side of the metal member. In the first main joining step, the other end side of the metal member On the other hand, friction stir is performed in a state where the metal member is inclined so that the one end side becomes higher, the burr generated by the friction stir after the first main joining step is removed, and both the metal members are turned over, In the second main joining step, welding is performed while cooling with a cooling plate arranged on the surface side of the metal member.

  According to this joining method, when the first main joining step is performed, the metal members are inclined in advance, and the joined metal members are flattened by utilizing the heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding. be able to. Thereby, a 2nd main joining process can be performed in the state where metal members are flat. Further, by performing the burr cutting step after the first main joining step, the metal member can be stably welded in the second main joining step without rattling.

  Moreover, when performing a 2nd main joining process, since it welds, cooling a metal member with a cooling plate, generation | occurrence | production of the heat shrink after welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat. Further, by removing the burr after the first main joining step, the contact area between the cooling plate and the metal member can be increased, so that the cooling efficiency can be increased.

  In the preparation step, a spacer is disposed between the gantry and the back surface side of the metal member, and the metal member is inclined so that the one end side is higher than the other end side using the spacer. It is preferable to make it. Moreover, it is preferable that the said base is equipped with the said cooling plate.

  According to such a joining method, the metal member can be easily inclined so that the butt portion becomes high. Moreover, the number of apparatus used for joining can be reduced by using the mount frame provided with the cooling plate.

Further, a protrusion is provided on the mount on which the metal member is placed, and in the preparation step, the metal member is inclined using the protrusion so that the one end side is higher than the other end side. It is preferable.
In addition, an inclined mounting portion is provided on a gantry on which the metal member is mounted, and in the preparation step, the metal member is configured such that the one end side is higher than the other end side using the inclined mounting portion. It is preferable to incline at least one of these.

  According to such a joining method, the metal member can be easily inclined so that the butt portion becomes high.

  In the second main joining step, it is preferable that welding is performed on the groove formed along the butt portion on the back surface side, and the groove is filled with a weld metal.

  According to this joining method, welding can be performed easily.

  In the second main joining step, it is preferable to perform welding while bringing a weld metal into contact with the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step.

  According to this joining method, since the whole depth direction of the butt portion can be joined, the water tightness and the air tightness of the joined portion can be improved.

  According to the joining method according to the present invention, the joined metal members can be easily flattened.

It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st mount frame, (b) shows a preparatory process. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st main joining process, (b) shows a burr cutting process. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows before joining of a 2nd main joining process, (b) shows after joining of a 2nd main joining process. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 2nd embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st main joining process, (b) shows a 2nd main joining process. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 3rd embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st main joining process, (b) shows a ditch | groove formation process. It is sectional drawing which shows the filling process which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a mount frame.

[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the 1st mount used by this embodiment is demonstrated.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 1, in the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, the 1st mount frame K is used. The 1st mount frame K is comprised with the cooling plate K1, the clamp K2, and the cooling flow path K3. As shown in FIG. 1B, the first mount K is a table used when the metal members 1 and 1 are joined, and can cool the metal members 1 and 1.

  The cooling plate K1 is made of metal and has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The cooling plate K1 is preferably formed of a metal having high heat conductivity. A plurality of clamps K2 are provided on the surface of the cooling plate K1. The clamp K2 is a member that restrains the metal members 1 and 1 from moving to the cooling plate K1.

  The cooling channel K3 is a channel through which a cooling medium (cold water or cold air) flows. Although the arrangement position and the number of the cooling channels K3 are not particularly limited, it is preferable that the cooling flow path K3 is arranged along the extending direction of the abutting portion J at a position close to the abutting portion J described later.

  Next, the joining method according to the first embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 1 (b), in the first embodiment, the butted portions J formed by butting the ends of the metal members 1 and 1 are joined by friction stir and welding. In the bonding method according to the first embodiment, a preparation process, a first main bonding process, a burr cutting process, and a second main bonding process are performed.

  The preparation step is a step of fixing the metal members 1 and 1 to the first mount K so that the butt portion J becomes high. In the preparation step, one end side of the metal members 1, 1 is placed on the spacer 10 while the end faces 1 a, 1 a on the one end side of the metal members 1, 1 are abutted to form an abutting portion J. Moreover, the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1 is fixed with the clamp K2. That is, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined so that the one end side (end faces 1a and 1a side) is higher than the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed in a state where the butt portion J is the highest.

  The metal member 1 is a metal plate member. The metal members 1 and 1 have the same shape. Moreover, the metal members 1 and 1 are formed with the same material. The material of the metal member 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal that can be frictionally stirred. For example, it may be appropriately selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, and the like.

  The spacer 10 is a plate-like member disposed at the center of the cooling plate K1. The spacer 10 is disposed along the extending direction of the butted portion J. The material of the spacer 10 is not particularly limited.

  When the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed to the first mount K, the lower ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are in contact with each other, but the upper ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are slightly separated from each other. The “butting portion” according to the present embodiment includes a state in which the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a are butted and the space section formed between the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a has a V shape.

  The inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 is not particularly limited, but considering the material of the metal members 1 and 1, the dimensions of each part, the heat input amount in the main joining process described later, the heat shrinkage after joining, etc. What is necessary is just to set suitably the inclination angle which the metal members 1 and 1 become flat by the heat shrink after this joining process.

  The first main joining process is a process in which friction stir welding is performed on the butted portion J from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1. As shown in FIG. 1B, the first main joining step uses a rotating tool G in the present embodiment. The rotary tool G includes a shoulder portion G1 that has a cylindrical shape, and a stirring pin G2 that protrudes from the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1. The stirring pin G2 has a frustum shape.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, in the first main joining step, the stirring pin G2 of the rotating tool G rotated with respect to the butting portion J from the surfaces 1b and 1b side of the metal members 1 and 1 is inserted. Then, the rotary tool G is relatively moved along the abutting portion J.

  In the present embodiment, the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1 is pushed about several millimeters from the surfaces 1b and 1b to perform frictional stirring. The metal on the end faces 1a, 1a is frictionally stirred by the rotating rotary tool G and the metal members 1, 1 are joined. A plasticized region W1 is formed in the movement locus of the rotary tool G. The insertion depth of the stirring pin G2 with respect to the metal members 1 and 1 may be set as appropriate. When the first main joining process is completed, the clamp K2 is released and the metal members 1 and 1 are left. Further, the spacer 10 is removed from the first mount K.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, the burr cutting step is a step of cutting the burr V generated in the first main joining step. In the burr cutting step, the burrs V generated on the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1 are cut to flatten the surfaces 1b and 1b.

  In the second main joining step, the cooling medium is allowed to flow through the cooling channel K3 of the first gantry K to cool the metal members 1 and 1, while the back surfaces 1c and 1c side of the metal members 1 and 1 with respect to the abutting portion J. This is a process of performing welding. As shown in FIG. 3 (a), in the second main joining step, first, the metal members 1 and 1 are turned over, and the metal members 1 and 1 are restrained to the first mount K through the clamp K2 so that they cannot move. . The surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1 are in surface contact with the surface of the cooling plate K1. As shown in (b) of FIG. 3, in the second main joining step, welding is performed on the butted portion J from the back surfaces 1 c and 1 c of the metal members 1 and 1. The type of welding is not particularly limited, but in this embodiment, overlay welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding is performed.

  A weld metal U is formed at the butt J by welding. The depth of the weld metal U may be set as appropriate, and there may be a gap between the plasticized region W1 and the weld metal U as in this embodiment, or the plasticized region W1 and the weld metal U are in contact with each other. You may make it do. Moreover, in order to make the surface of the weld metal U and the back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1 and 1 flush, a part of the weld metal U may be cut after welding. The metal members 1 and 1 are joined by the above process.

  According to the bonding method according to the present embodiment described above, when the first main bonding step is performed, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined in advance, and heat shrinkage after friction stir welding is used. The metal members 1 and 1 joined after the first main joining step can be flattened. Thereby, since the metal members 1 and 1 are flat even if the metal members 1 and 1 are turned upside down, the second main joining step can be suitably performed.

  Further, when the second main joining step is performed, the frictional stirring is performed while cooling the metal members 1 and 1 with the cooling plate K1, so that the occurrence of heat shrinkage after the second main joining step can be suppressed. . Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 after a 2nd main joining process can be made flat easily.

  Further, by performing the burr cutting step after the first main joining step, the contact area between the cooling plate K1 and the metal members 1 and 1 can be increased, so that the cooling efficiency can be increased. Further, by performing the burr cutting process after the first main joining process, the metal members 1 and 1 can be stably welded without rattling in the second main joining process. Further, by disposing the cooling channel K3 along the extending direction of the abutting portion J, the portion where the frictional heat is generated can be intensively cooled, so that the cooling efficiency can be improved.

  Further, by arranging the spacer 10 between the first mount K and the metal members 1 and 1, the work of abutting the metal members 1 and 1 can be easily performed while the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined. . Moreover, the inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 can be changed only by changing the height of the spacer 10.

  Moreover, since the 1st mount frame K is equipped with the cooling plate K1, since the 1st main joining process and the 2nd main joining process can be performed with the same mount frame, reducing the number of apparatus used by joining. Can do.

  In the present embodiment, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined using the spacer 10, but the spacer 10 is omitted if the metal members 1 and 1 can be inclined so that the butt portion J becomes higher. May be.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the joining method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The joining method according to the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a cooling plate K1 and a second mount L are used as shown in FIG. In the second embodiment, the description will focus on the parts that are different from the first embodiment.

  The cooling plate K1 includes a cooling channel K3 as in the first embodiment. The 2nd mount frame L is comprised by the board | substrate L1 and the clamp L2. The substrate L1 is made of metal and has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. It is preferable that the board | substrate L1 is formed with a metal with high heat conductivity.

  In the bonding method according to the second embodiment, a preparation process, a first main bonding process, a burr cutting process, and a second main bonding process are performed.

  In the preparation step, the second frame L is disposed on the cooling plate K1. In the preparation step, the end surfaces 1a and 1a on the one end side of the metal members 1 and 1 are abutted on the second frame L to form the abutting portion J, and one end side of the metal members 1 and 1 is placed on the spacer 10 To place. Moreover, the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1 is fixed with the clamp L2. That is, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined so that one end side is higher than the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed in a state where the butt portion J is the highest.

  The first main joining process and the burr cutting process are equivalent to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4B, in the second main joining step, first, the metal members 1 and 1 with the burr removed are turned over, and the metal members 1 and 1 are moved to the second mount L via the clamp L2. Restrained impossible. In the second main joining step, the cooling medium is allowed to flow through the cooling flow path K3 of the cooling plate K1 to cool the metal members 1 and 1, while the back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1 and 1 are opposed to the abutting portion J. Weld from the side. In the second main joining step, welding is performed so that the plasticized region W1 and the weld metal U are in contact with each other.

  As in the second embodiment described above, the metal members 1 and 1 may be joined by laminating the cooling plate K1 and the second mount L. Even if it is the said form, it can weld, cooling the metal members 1 and 1 in a 2nd main joining process. Moreover, since the plasticization area | region W1 and the weld metal U are contacting, the whole depth direction of the butt | matching part J can be joined. Thereby, while the joint strength of the metal members 1 and 1 improves, the watertightness and airtightness of a junction part can be improved. Also in the joining method according to the second embodiment, substantially the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

[Third embodiment]
Next, the joining method according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The joining method according to the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that different mounts are used in the first main joining step and the second main joining step. Moreover, it differs from 1st embodiment by the point which performs a ditch | groove formation process and a filling process by a 2nd main joining process. In the joining process according to the third embodiment, a description will be given centering on portions that are different from the first embodiment.

  In the bonding method according to the third embodiment, a preparation process, a first main bonding process, a burr cutting process, and a second main bonding process are performed.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 5, in the preparatory process, the metal members 1 and 1 are restrained to the 3rd mount M so that a movement is impossible. The third mount M is composed of a substrate M1, a clamp M2, and a convex portion M3. The convex part M3 is provided in the center of the substrate M1 and extends along the extending direction of the butted part J. The cross-sectional shape of the convex portion M3 is not particularly limited.

  In the preparation step, on the third mount M, the end surfaces 1a, 1a on one end side of the metal members 1, 1 are abutted to form a butt portion J, and one end side of the metal members 1, 1 is placed on the convex portion M3. Deploy. Moreover, the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1 is fixed with the clamp M2. That is, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined so that the one end side (end faces 1a and 1a side) is higher than the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed in a state where the butt portion J is the highest.

  The first main joining process and the burr cutting process are equivalent to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5B, a cooling plate K1 is used in the second main joining step. Inside the cooling plate K1, a cooling channel K3 through which a cooling medium flows is formed.

  In the second main joining step, a concave groove forming step and a filling step are performed. As shown in FIG. 5B, the groove forming step is a step of forming the groove 20 along the butt portion J. In the concave groove forming step, the concave groove 20 is formed along the butted portion J exposed on the back surfaces 1c and 1c side of the metal members 1 and 1. The depth of the concave groove 20 may be set as appropriate, but in the present embodiment, it is formed so as to cut a part of the plasticized region W1. The cross-sectional shape of the concave groove 20 is not particularly limited, but is formed in a rectangular cross section in the present embodiment.

  The filling step is a step of joining the metal members 1 and 1 by welding and filling the concave grooves 20 with the weld metal U while cooling the metal members 1 and 1 with the cooling plate K1. In the filling process, for example, overlay welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding is performed to weld the metal members 1 and 1, and the groove 20 is filled with the weld metal U. Through the filling process, the weld metal U comes into contact with the plasticized region W1.

  As in the third embodiment described above, the third mount M and the cooling plate K1 are provided separately, the first main joining step is performed by the third mount M, and the second main joining step is performed by the cooling plate K1. You may go. Even if it does in this way, there can exist an effect substantially equivalent to 1st embodiment. The metal members 1 and 1 can be easily inclined so that the butt portion J is also increased by the convex portion M3.

  In the second main joining step, welding work can be easily performed by performing overlay welding on the groove 20. Further, by providing the concave groove 20, the surface of the weld metal U and the back surfaces 1 c and 1 c of the metal members 1 and 1 can be flush with each other. Moreover, the whole depth direction of the butt | matching part J1 can be joined by making the weld metal U and the plasticization area | region W1 contact. Thereby, while the joint strength of the metal members 1 and 1 improves, the watertightness and airtightness of a junction part can be improved. Also in the joining method according to the third embodiment, substantially the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  In the first main joining step (see FIG. 4A) according to the second embodiment, the metal member 1 is formed by laminating the third mount M on the cooling plate K1 instead of the second mount L. , 1 may be joined.

[Modification]
Next, a modified example of the gantry will be described. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the gantry. As shown in FIG. 7, the fourth gantry N includes a substrate N1, a clamp N2, and an inclined mounting portion N4 provided on the substrate N1.

  The inclined mounting portion N4 has a triangular cross section and includes inclined surfaces N4a and N4a. In the preparation step, the back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1 and 1 are brought into surface contact with the inclined surfaces N4a and N4a, respectively, so that the butt portion J is positioned at the vertex N4b, and fixed with the clamp N2. That is, even with the fourth mount N, the metal members 1 and 1 can be inclined so that one end side (the end surfaces 1a and 1a side) is higher than the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1.

  In the first main joining step according to the second embodiment (see FIG. 4A), the fourth frame N is stacked on the cooling plate K1 in place of the second frame L, and the metal members 1, 1 are stacked. May be joined. Further, in the first main joining step according to the third embodiment (see FIG. 5A), the metal members 1 and 1 may be joined by the fourth mount N instead of the third mount M. Thus, even if it uses the 4th mount frame N provided with the inclination mounting part N4, a preparatory process and a 1st main joining process can be performed.

  Although the embodiments and modifications of the present invention have been described above, design changes can be made as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the present embodiment, both the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined at the same angle, but the inclination angles of both may be different.

  Moreover, although the inclination mounting part N4 was provided with the inclined surfaces N4a and N4a, it is not limited to this. Although not specifically shown, the inclined mounting portion may be constituted by a horizontal surface and an inclined surface N4a. In the preparation step in this case, one metal member 1 is placed on the horizontal plane, and the other metal member 1 is placed on the inclined surface N4a. Even if it does in this way, in the 2nd main joining process, friction stirring can be performed in the state inclined so that one end side might become high with respect to the other end side of a metal member.

  Moreover, you may perform a 1st main joining process and a 2nd main joining process, without fixing the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1 to a mount frame.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal member 1a End surface 1b Front surface 1c Back surface 10 Spacer 20 Concave groove G Rotating tool G1 Shoulder part G2 Stirring pin J Butt part K First stand (stand)
K1 Cooling plate K2 Clamp K3 Cooling flow path L Second frame (frame)
L1 Substrate L2 Clamp M Third frame (frame)
M1 Substrate M2 Clamp M3 Convex N Fourth mount (support)
N1 substrate N2 clamp N4 inclined mounting part U weld metal

Claims (7)

A preparatory step of abutting end surfaces on one end side of a pair of metal members to form a butted portion;
A first main joining step in which friction stir is performed from the surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
A second main joining step of welding the butt portion from the back side of the metal member,
In the first main joining step, friction stirring is performed in a state where the metal member is inclined so that one end side is higher than the other end side of the metal member,
After removing the burrs generated by friction stirring after completion of the first main joining step, turn both the metal members over,
In the second main joining step, welding is performed while cooling with a cooling plate disposed on the surface side of the metal member.   In the preparation step, a spacer is disposed between the gantry and the back side of the metal member, and the metal member is inclined using the spacer so that the one end side is higher than the other end side. The bonding method according to claim 1, wherein:   The joining method according to claim 2, wherein the gantry includes the cooling plate.   Protruding portions are provided on the gantry on which the metal members are placed, and in the preparation step, the metal members are inclined so that the one end side is higher than the other end side using the protrusions. The joining method according to claim 1, characterized in that:   An inclined placement portion is provided on a gantry on which the metal member is placed, and in the preparation step, at least one end of the metal member is set so that the one end side is higher than the other end side using the inclined placement portion. Either one of them is inclined, The joining method according to claim 1 characterized by things.   6. In the second main joining step, welding is performed on the concave groove formed along the butt portion on the back surface side, and the concave metal is filled with a weld metal. The joining method according to any one of the above.   7. The welding according to claim 1, wherein in the second main joining step, welding is performed while bringing a weld metal into contact with the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step. The joining method described in 1.

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