JP2015161597A - Electromagnetic wave characteristic evaluation device - Google Patents
Electromagnetic wave characteristic evaluation device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2015161597A JP2015161597A JP2014037185A JP2014037185A JP2015161597A JP 2015161597 A JP2015161597 A JP 2015161597A JP 2014037185 A JP2014037185 A JP 2014037185A JP 2014037185 A JP2014037185 A JP 2014037185A JP 2015161597 A JP2015161597 A JP 2015161597A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- phase difference
- electromagnetic wave
- amplitude
- amplitude change
- granular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 31
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 30
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、物質の特性評価装置に関するものであって、より詳しくは、物質が空気等と混合体をなす場合に於いて、物質の材料特性を空気等との混合比にかかわらず評価できる電磁波(特に、周波数１０5〜１０12［Ｈｚ］：ＲＦ波・マイクロ波・ミリ波)特性評価装置に関する。例えば、粉状・粒状・バラ状の物質が空気等との混合体をなす場合に、その混合比にかかわらず物質の水分量を評価できるマイクロ波水分量評価装置として好適である。 The present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating the characteristics of a substance, and more specifically, an electromagnetic wave that can evaluate the material characteristics of a substance regardless of the mixing ratio with air or the like when the substance forms a mixture with air or the like. The present invention relates to a characteristic evaluation apparatus (in particular, a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz]: RF wave, microwave, and millimeter wave). For example, when a powdery, granular, or rose-like substance forms a mixture with air or the like, it is suitable as a microwave moisture content evaluation apparatus that can evaluate the moisture content of a substance regardless of the mixing ratio.
従来、農産物の品質を評価するため、例えば米等の水分量の評価には、小量のサンプルを抜き取ってつぶした試料の電気抵抗や静電容量を測定することにより評価することが行われてきたが、接触式でかつ破壊検査であるため清掃を含めた測定者の技量・経験に依存するところがあった。また、牧草等では、サンプルを加熱する加熱乾燥法により乾燥前後の重量から水分量を測定することも行われてきたが、加熱して乾燥させるため時間がかかりすぎるという欠点があった。
非接触式の検査法として、マイクロ波の減衰量を測定して水分量を評価する検査法も知られている。例えば、非特許文献１は、マイクロ波を用いた非接触式の米の水分量測定が提案されており、底にステンレス板を貼った直径３００ｍｍ、深さ５０ｍｍのアクリル製容器に試料(米)を入れ、マイクロ波を照射し試料表面からの表面反射波あるいは試料を通過してステンレス板から反射する透過反射波のゲインと水分量との間に線形の関係を見出し、表面または透過反射波のゲインから水分量を推定するものであった。特許文献１は、マイクロ波の減衰量から茶葉等の含水率(水分量)を測定するものが提案されているが、精度良く測定するには茶葉を押圧状態で挟持して移送し茶葉が均一化した密度で測定できるようにする必要があった。
一方、特許文献２には、マイクロ波の位相差遅れを測定することにより水分量を評価するものも知られているが、この技術は、粉状・粒状・バラ状の物質が空気等との混合体をなす場合は想定しておらず、混合比がばらつくようなものに対応することができない。
Conventionally, in order to evaluate the quality of agricultural products, for example, evaluation of the amount of water such as rice has been performed by measuring the electrical resistance and capacitance of a sample obtained by extracting a small amount of sample and crushing it. However, because it is a contact type and destructive inspection, there are places that depend on the skill and experience of the measurer including cleaning. In pasture and the like, the moisture content has been measured from the weight before and after drying by a heating and drying method in which the sample is heated, but there is a drawback that it takes too much time to heat and dry.
As a non-contact type inspection method, an inspection method in which the amount of moisture is evaluated by measuring the attenuation of microwaves is also known. For example, Non-Patent
On the other hand,
上記非特許文献１のマイクロ波の透過反射波または表面反射波のゲインの測定によるものは非接触で水分量を測定できるものの、前記ゲインは規定の容器に米を充填する際の体積充填率のばらつきによっても変化するので、ばらつかないように体積充填率を一定に保つことが難しく、測定者の技量・経験に依存するという問題があった。また、サンプルを規定の容器に充填して測定する必要があるためリアルタイムの測定が困難であり、例えば牧草等のラッピングされた輸入品においては、サンプル採取のためにラップを破ると、ラップを破った時点で商品価値が損なわれるという問題もあった。
そこで、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、体積充填率(言い換えれば空気等との混合率)の変動に影響されない水分量および材料の電気特性測定法および装置であって、サンプルを採取することなく、オンラインでリアルタイムに測定できる水分量測定法および装置を提供することにある。
Although the measurement of the gain of the microwave transmission reflection wave or the surface reflection wave in
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is a method and apparatus for measuring the amount of moisture and the electrical properties of materials that are not affected by fluctuations in the volume filling rate (in other words, the mixing rate with air, etc.). The object is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring water content that can be measured online in real time.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明者らは、周波数１０5〜１０12［Ｈｚ］の電磁波(ＲＦ波・マイクロ波・ミリ波)の振幅変化(減衰量)と位相差(位相遅れ)の双方に着目し、充填率(混合比)の変化は振幅変化と位相差の比(振幅変化／位相差)として検出されることを見出した。そこで、物質の充填率を種々変えて上記電磁波の振幅変化と位相差を測定しプロットすれば一直線上に並ぶこととなり、この直線の式の傾きは充填率の変化に影響されない。したがって、予め既知の種々の水分量の値の物質を、各水分量で充填率を変えて上記電磁波の振幅変化と位相差を測定し、各水分量における直線の式の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと水分量との関係を予め求めておく。次に、被検査対象物に、前記電磁波を照射し、被検査対象物を透過または反射した電磁波の振幅変化と位相差を測定し、振幅変化と位相差の関係式の傾きを求め、求めた傾きの値を予め求めておいた傾きと水分量との関係にあてはめれば水分量が求まる。 In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that the amplitude change (attenuation amount) and phase difference (phase delay) of electromagnetic waves (RF waves, microwaves, and millimeter waves) having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz]. Focusing on both, it was found that the change in the filling rate (mixing ratio) is detected as the ratio of the amplitude change to the phase difference (amplitude change / phase difference). Therefore, if the amplitude change and the phase difference of the electromagnetic wave are measured and plotted while changing the filling rate of the substance in various ways, they are arranged in a straight line, and the inclination of the equation of this straight line is not affected by the change in the filling rate. Therefore, the substances of various moisture values known in advance are measured by measuring the amplitude change and phase difference of the electromagnetic waves by changing the filling rate at each moisture amount, and obtaining the slope of the linear equation in each moisture amount, The relationship between the inclination and the amount of moisture is obtained in advance. Next, the object to be inspected is irradiated with the electromagnetic wave, the amplitude change and the phase difference of the electromagnetic wave transmitted or reflected through the object to be inspected are measured, and the inclination of the relational expression between the amplitude change and the phase difference is obtained and obtained. If the inclination value is applied to the relationship between the inclination and the amount of moisture, the amount of moisture can be obtained.
同様に、誘電率や透磁率といった、材料特性の評価においても、粒状等の不定形材料の同定や分別を行うことができる。 Similarly, in the evaluation of material characteristics such as dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, it is possible to identify and sort irregular materials such as granular materials.
すなわち、本発明は、周波数１０5〜１０12［Ｈｚ］の電磁波を対象物に照射する電磁波送信手段と、透過または反射した電磁波を受信する電磁波受信手段と、送受信波の位相と振幅を測定する測定器と、前記測定器で測定した送信波と受信波の振幅・位相を比較し振幅変化と位相差を検出し解析する解析装置を備えた粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の物質の水分量測定装置であって、前記解析装置は、予め既知の水分量の前記物質について前記振幅変化と位相差を検出し、前記振幅変化と位相差の関係を直線近似した直線の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと水分量との関係を表す検量線を求めて記憶手段に記憶しておき、被検査対象物に前記電磁波を照射して検出した振幅変化と位相差から前記傾きを求め、当該傾きを前記検量線に当てはめることにより水分量を検出することを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の対象物に周波数１０5〜１０12［Ｈｚ］の電磁波を照射し、透過または反射した電磁波を受信し、送信波と受信波の振幅・位相を測定して振幅変化と位相差を検出し解析する粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の物質の水分量測定方法であって、予め既知の水分量の前記物質について前記振幅変化と位相差を検出し、前記振幅変化と位相差の関係を直線近似した直線の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと水分量との関係を表す検量線を求めておき、次に、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の被検査対象物に前記電磁波を照射して検出した振幅変化と位相差から前記傾きを求め、当該傾きを前記予め求めていた検量線に当てはめて水分量を検出することを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の対象物に周波数１０5〜１０12［Ｈｚ］の電磁波を照射し、透過または反射した電磁波を受信し、送信波と受信波の振幅・位相を測定して振幅変化と位相差を検出し解析する粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の物質の誘電率および透磁率といった材料特性測定方法であって、予め既知の材料の特性の前記物質について前記振幅変化と位相差を検出し、前記振幅変化と位相差の関係を直線近似した直線の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと材料の特性との関係を表した検量線を求めておき、次に、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の被検査対象物に前記電磁波を照射して検出した振幅変化と位相差から前記傾きを求め、当該傾きを前記予め求めていた検量線に当てはめて材料の特性を検出することを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の対象物に周波数１０5〜１０12［Ｈｚ］の電磁波を照射し、透過または反射した電磁波を受信し、送信波と受信波の振幅・位相を測定して振幅変化と位相差を検出し解析する粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の物質の材料同定方法であって、予め既知の材料の前記物質について前記振幅変化と位相差を検出し、前記振幅変化と位相差の関係を直線近似した直線の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと材料との関係を求めておき、次に、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の被検査対象物に前記電磁波を照射して検出した振幅変化と位相差から前記傾きを求め、当該傾きを前記予め求めていた傾きと材料との関係に当てはめて前記対象物の材料を同定することを特徴とする。
That is, the present invention measures electromagnetic wave transmitting means for irradiating an object with electromagnetic waves having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], electromagnetic wave receiving means for receiving transmitted or reflected electromagnetic waves, and phase and amplitude of transmitted / received waves. Of powdered, granular, and irregular rose-shaped substances with a measuring device and an analysis device that compares the amplitude and phase of transmitted and received waves measured by the measuring device to detect and analyze amplitude changes and phase differences. The water content measuring device, wherein the analysis device detects the amplitude change and the phase difference for the substance having a known water content in advance, and obtains a slope of a straight line obtained by linear approximation of the relationship between the amplitude change and the phase difference, Further, a calibration curve representing the relationship between the inclination and the amount of water is obtained and stored in a storage means, and the inclination is obtained from the amplitude change and the phase difference detected by irradiating the electromagnetic wave to the object to be examined. Fit the slope to the calibration curve It is characterized by detecting the amount of water.
In addition, the present invention irradiates a powdery, granular, and irregular shaped rose-shaped object with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], receives the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic wave, and transmits a transmitted wave and a received wave. A method for measuring a moisture content of a powdery, granular, or irregular rose-shaped material by measuring amplitude / phase and detecting and analyzing amplitude variation and phase difference, wherein the amplitude variation of the material having a known moisture content in advance The phase difference is detected, and the slope of a straight line obtained by linearly approximating the relationship between the amplitude change and the phase difference is obtained. Further, a calibration curve representing the relation between the slope and the moisture content is obtained. The inclination is obtained from the amplitude change and phase difference detected by irradiating the electromagnetic wave to the granular / indeterminate rose-shaped object to be inspected, and the moisture is detected by applying the inclination to the calibration curve obtained in advance. It is characterized by that.
In addition, the present invention irradiates a powdery, granular, and irregular shaped rose-shaped object with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], receives the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic wave, and transmits a transmitted wave and a received wave. A method of measuring material properties such as permittivity and permeability of powdery, granular, and irregular rose-shaped substances that measure amplitude and phase to detect and analyze amplitude changes and phase differences. The amplitude change and the phase difference of the substance are detected, a slope of a straight line obtained by linearly approximating the relationship between the amplitude change and the phase difference is obtained, and a calibration curve representing the relation between the slope and the material characteristics is obtained. Next, the inclination is obtained from the amplitude change and the phase difference detected by irradiating the electromagnetic wave to the powdery, granular, irregular shaped object to be inspected, and the inclination is obtained in advance. It is characterized by detecting the characteristics of the material by applying it to the line To do.
In addition, the present invention irradiates a powdery, granular, and irregular shaped rose-shaped object with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], receives the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic wave, and transmits a transmitted wave and a received wave. A material identification method for powdery, granular, and irregular rose-shaped substances by measuring amplitude / phase and detecting and analyzing amplitude changes and phase differences, wherein the amplitude changes and positions of the substances of a known material are previously determined. A phase difference is detected, a slope of a straight line obtained by linearly approximating the relationship between the amplitude change and the phase difference is obtained, and further, a relation between the slope and the material is obtained, and then a powdery, granular, and irregular shaped rose shape is obtained. The inclination is obtained from the amplitude change and phase difference detected by irradiating the object to be inspected with the electromagnetic wave, and the material of the object is identified by applying the inclination to the relationship between the inclination and the material obtained in advance. It is characterized by that.
本発明によれば、非接触・非破壊で測定できるため、高いスループットが得られ全数検査も可能であり、オンラインでリアルタイム測定も可能である。
本発明では、体積充填率(言い換えれば、対象物と空気等との体積混合率)に依存しないので、測定者の技量や経験によらず正確に測定可能である。
本発明によれば、同じ測定原理で周波数１０5〜１０12［Ｈｚ］：ＲＦ波・マイクロ波・ミリ波の幅広い周波数の選択性があるので、測定の対象物に応じた周波数の選択が可能となる。
本発明では、穀物などの粉・粒状物以外にも、牧草等の不定形状物に対しても適用でき、農産物一般の水分量の測定に適用可能である。
本発明は、水分量以外にも、誘電率または透磁率といった粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状のセラミック材料等の対象物の材料特性を測定することもでき、それを利用して材料の同定や分別に用いることもできる。
According to the present invention, since non-contact and non-destructive measurement can be performed, high throughput is obtained, 100% inspection is possible, and online real-time measurement is also possible.
In the present invention, since it does not depend on the volume filling rate (in other words, the volume mixing rate of the object and air or the like), it can be measured accurately regardless of the skill and experience of the measurer.
According to the present invention, the frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz]: RF waves, microwaves, and millimeter waves can be selected based on the same measurement principle, so that the frequency can be selected according to the object to be measured. It becomes.
In the present invention, in addition to powder and granular materials such as cereals, the present invention can be applied to irregular shapes such as pastures and can be applied to the measurement of water content in general agricultural products.
In addition to the amount of water, the present invention can also measure the material properties of an object such as a powdery, granular or irregular rose ceramic material such as dielectric constant or permeability, and use this to measure the material properties. It can also be used for identification and classification.
本発明の基本原理を、米の水分量の測定を例にして以下に説明するがこれに限定されるものではない。
リヒトネッカー(Lichtenecker)の対数混合則(２種類の物質の混合比で全体の誘電率・透磁率が決まる)を用いると、第１の物質の誘電率εr1、第２の物質の誘電率をεr2、第１の物質の混合率をＮ(０＜Ｎ＜１)、とすれば、混合体の誘電率εrは次式
ｌｎεr＝Ｎｌｎεr1＋(１−Ｎ)εr2
で表される。
ここで、εr1を米の誘電率、Ｎを米の体積充填率(体積混合率)、εr2を空気の誘電率とすれば、εr2＝１であるから、被測定対象物が水分を含む米と空気との混合体の誘電率εrは次式
ｌｎεr＝Ｎｌｎεr1
で表される。
これを複素誘電率で表し変形すると次式
ｌｎ(εr’−ｊεr”)＝ｌｎ(εr1’−ｊεr1”)N
となる。ここで、「ｊ」は虚数単位、「’」は実数部、「”」は虚数部を表す。
次に、米の体積充填率(体積混合率)Ｎは十分１に近いため、上式は近似的に次のように変形でき、
εr’−ｊεr”＝εr1’Ｎ−ｊεr1”N
この式から次の２式
εr’＝εr1’N，εr”＝εr1”N
が成り立ち、この２式から、
εr”／εr’＝(εr1”／εr1’)N
が成り立ち、この式の左辺は測定量であり、右辺の括弧内は米の水分量に依存する量であり、右辺のＮが充填率である。
The basic principle of the present invention will be described below by taking the measurement of the moisture content of rice as an example, but is not limited thereto.
Using Lichtenecker's logarithmic mixing rule (the total dielectric constant and permeability are determined by the mixing ratio of the two substances), the dielectric constant ε r1 of the first substance and the dielectric constant of the second substance If ε r2 and the mixing ratio of the first substance are N (0 <N <1), the dielectric constant ε r of the mixture is expressed by the following equation: lnε r = Nlnε r1 + (1−N) ε r2
It is represented by
Here, if ε r1 is the dielectric constant of rice, N is the volume filling rate (volume mixing ratio) of rice, and ε r2 is the dielectric constant of air, ε r2 = 1, so that the object to be measured has moisture. The dielectric constant ε r of the mixture of rice and air containing is expressed as follows: lnε r = Nlnε r1
It is represented by
When this is expressed by a complex dielectric constant and transformed, the following equation is obtained: ln (ε r ′ −jε r ″) = ln (ε r1 ′ −jε r1 ″) N
It becomes. Here, “j” represents an imaginary unit, “′” represents a real part, and “” ”represents an imaginary part.
Next, since the volume filling rate (volume mixing rate) N of rice is sufficiently close to 1, the above equation can be approximated as follows:
ε r '−jε r ″ = ε r1 ′ N −jε r1 ″ N
From this equation, the following two equations ε r '= ε r1 ' N , ε r ″ = ε r1 ″ N
From these two formulas,
ε r ″ / ε r ′ = (ε r1 ″ / ε r1 ′) N
The left side of this equation is the measured amount, the parenthesis in the right side is the amount depending on the moisture content of the rice, and N on the right side is the filling rate.
一方、伝搬電磁波の大きさ(振幅)と位相差は、近似的に以下の関係にある。
位相差∝ｌｎεr’
振幅∝ｌｎεr”
電磁波の減衰定数をα、位相差定数をβとすると、
振幅変化／位相差∝Δα／Δβ
であり、
On the other hand, the magnitude (amplitude) of propagation electromagnetic waves and the phase difference are approximately in the following relationship.
Phase difference ∝lnε r '
Amplitude ∝lnε r "
If the attenuation constant of the electromagnetic wave is α and the phase difference constant is β,
Amplitude change / phase difference ∝Δα / Δβ
And
（米の水分量の例）
以上のことから、具体的にどのように水分量を測定するのかを、以下に、米の水分量を例にとって、図１〜図４を参照しながら説明する。
図１は、本発明の概要を説明した図である。周波数１０5〜１０12［Ｈｚ］の電磁波を対象物に照射する電磁波送信手段と、反射または透過した電磁波を受信する電磁波受信手段(図では反射した電磁波を受信する方式で図示しているが、透過した電磁波を受信する方式のものでもよい)と、送受信波の位相差と振幅を測定する測定器と、送信波と受信波の振幅・位相差を比較し振幅変化と位相差を検出し解析する解析装置を備えている。
まず被検査対象物の測定に先立って、予め水分量が既知の水分量２４.６２％の米を処理ラインに流し、周波数４［ＧＨｚ］の電磁波を照射して透過した電磁波を受信し(図２参照)、振幅変化と位相差を検出し、横軸位相差・縦軸振幅変化のグラフにプロットすると図３のグラフの■印のように一直線上になり、その直線の式から傾きを求める。同様に、水分量２２.０３％の場合は図３の▲印、水分量２０.２２％の場合は図３のグラフの×印となり、それぞれ一直線上に並びその直線の式から傾きが求まる。なお、処理ラインに米を流して解析すれば、米と空気との混合率(体積充填率)は刻々変化するので、各既知の水分量の米について意図的に混合率を変化させなくとも検出可能であるが、もちろん意図的に混合率(体積充填率)を変化させても良いことはもちろんである。次に、求めた傾きと水分量の関係を横軸水分量・縦軸傾きのグラフにプロットしたものが図４のグラフ(図では直線近似でグラフを求めた)であり、このグラフを以て、検量線とすることができる。この検量線を求めるまでを、被検査対象物の測定に先立って、予め行っておく。
次に、被検査対象物の米を処理ラインに流し、周波数４［ＧＨｚ］の電磁波を照射して透過した電磁波を受信し、振幅変化と位相差を検出し、位相差と振幅変化の直線のグラフの傾きを求め、予め求めていた図４のグラフである傾きと水分量の検量線にあてはめれば、被検査対象物の米の水分量が求まる。例えば、求めた傾きが０.２であれば、図４の検量線から水分量は約１３.４％であることが求まる。
(Example of water content of rice)
From the above, how to measure the moisture content will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 by taking the moisture content of rice as an example.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the present invention. An electromagnetic wave transmitting means for irradiating an object with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], and an electromagnetic wave receiving means for receiving an electromagnetic wave reflected or transmitted (in the figure, a method of receiving a reflected electromagnetic wave is illustrated. (It may be a system that receives transmitted electromagnetic waves), a measuring device that measures the phase difference and amplitude of the transmitted and received waves, and compares the amplitude and phase differences of the transmitted and received waves to detect and analyze the amplitude change and phase difference An analysis device is provided.
First, prior to measurement of an object to be inspected, rice having a moisture content of 24.62%, which has been known in advance, is passed through a processing line, and an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 4 [GHz] is irradiated and transmitted. 2), when amplitude change and phase difference are detected and plotted on the horizontal axis phase difference / vertical axis amplitude change graph, it becomes a straight line as shown by the ■ mark in the graph of FIG. 3, and the slope is obtained from the equation of the straight line. . Similarly, when the moisture content is 22.03%, the mark in FIG. 3 is marked, and when the moisture content is 20.22%, the mark in the graph of FIG. 3 is marked. In addition, if rice is flowed through the treatment line and analyzed, the mixing rate (volume filling rate) of rice and air changes every moment, so it can be detected without intentionally changing the mixing rate for each rice with a known amount of moisture. Although it is possible, of course, the mixing rate (volume filling rate) may be changed intentionally. Next, the graph of FIG. 4 (the graph was obtained by linear approximation in the figure) is a plot of the relationship between the obtained slope and the moisture content in the graph of the moisture content on the horizontal axis and the slope of the vertical axis. It can be a line. Prior to the measurement of the inspection target object, the calibration curve is obtained in advance.
Next, the rice to be inspected is caused to flow through the processing line, the electromagnetic wave transmitted by irradiating the electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 4 [GHz] is received, the amplitude change and the phase difference are detected, and the straight line between the phase difference and the amplitude change is detected. If the slope of the graph is obtained and applied to the calibration curve of the slope and the amount of moisture shown in FIG. 4, which has been obtained in advance, the moisture content of the rice to be inspected can be obtained. For example, if the obtained slope is 0.2, it is found from the calibration curve in FIG. 4 that the water content is about 13.4%.
（牧草の水分量の例）
次に、図５、図６に牧草の水分量の例を示す。図２の米の場合と同様に、図５のごとく電磁波を牧草に照射して透過した電磁波を受信する。図６のグラフは、予め既知の水分量５７.７％(◆印のプロット参照)、水分量７５.７％(■印のプロット参照)について位相差と振幅変化の関係をプロットしたものであり、図３場合と同様に直線で近似される。したがって、上記の米の場合と同様に、この直線の傾きと水分量から、傾きと水分量の関係を表す検量線を予め求めることができる。
こうして検量線を予め求めておけば、被検査対象の牧草に電磁波を照射し透過した電磁波を受信して得られた位相差と振幅変化のグラフの傾きを求め、求めた傾きの値を前記検量線に当てはめれば水分量が得られる。
(Example of moisture content of grass)
Next, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show examples of the moisture content of grass. As in the case of the rice in FIG. 2, the electromagnetic waves transmitted by irradiating the grass with electromagnetic waves as shown in FIG. 5 are received. The graph of FIG. 6 is a plot of the relationship between the phase difference and the amplitude change for a known moisture content of 57.7% (see the plot with ◆) and moisture content of 75.7% (see the plot with ■). As in the case of FIG. 3, it is approximated by a straight line. Therefore, as in the case of the above rice, a calibration curve representing the relationship between the slope and the amount of water can be obtained in advance from the slope of this line and the amount of water.
If the calibration curve is obtained in advance in this way, the slope of the phase difference and amplitude change graph obtained by irradiating and transmitting the electromagnetic wave to the grass to be examined is obtained, and the obtained slope value is obtained as the calibration value. If it is applied to the line, the amount of water can be obtained.
（セラミック材料の例）
次に、粒状セラミック材料の特性評価・材料同定の例を示す。
図７のグラフには、予め既知のアルミナ(●印のプロット参照)、ジルコニア(■印のプロット参照)について、異なる粒径・異なる充填率(空気との混合率)で位相差と電磁波の損失を求めると、位相差と電磁波の損失(振幅変化と等価である)の関係は図３(米)および図６(牧草)の場合と同様に直線で近似される。なお、図７の縦軸と横軸の二重の目盛りは、内側がアルミナに対する目盛りであり、外側がジルコニアに対する目盛りである。
したがって、上記の米、牧草の場合と同様に、この直線の傾きと材料特性(誘電率または透磁率)との関係を表す検量線を予め求めることができる。あるいは、前記直線の傾きから材料の同定、例えば、アルミナであるのかジルコニアであるのかの同定が可能となる。
(Example of ceramic material)
Next, the example of characteristic evaluation and material identification of a granular ceramic material is shown.
The graph of FIG. 7 shows the phase difference and electromagnetic wave loss at different particle sizes and different filling ratios (mixing ratio with air) for known alumina (see the plot with ●) and zirconia (see the plot with ■). , The relationship between phase difference and electromagnetic wave loss (equivalent to amplitude change) is approximated by a straight line as in the case of FIG. 3 (rice) and FIG. 6 (grazing). In addition, as for the double scale of the vertical axis | shaft and horizontal axis of FIG. 7, the inner side is a scale with respect to an alumina, and the outer side is a scale with respect to a zirconia.
Therefore, similarly to the case of rice and pasture, a calibration curve representing the relationship between the slope of this straight line and the material characteristics (dielectric constant or permeability) can be obtained in advance. Alternatively, the material can be identified from the inclination of the straight line, for example, whether it is alumina or zirconia.
以上の説明では、米と牧草の水分量を例に取って説明したが、米以外の穀物であっても、牧草以外の葉物であっても適用でき、さらには、農産物以外でも、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の対象物であれば同様に適用することができる。
また、セラミック材料の例では粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状のセラミック材料について誘電率または透磁率についての検量線が求まり、この検量線はセラミック材料の同定に用いることもできる。
また、樹脂等の他の材料・他の物性についても利用可能である。
In the above description, the moisture content of rice and grass has been described as an example, but it can be applied to grains other than rice and leaves other than grass. -It can be similarly applied to granular and irregular shaped rose-shaped objects.
In the case of ceramic materials, a calibration curve for dielectric constant or magnetic permeability is obtained for powdered, granular, and irregular rose-shaped ceramic materials, and this calibration curve can also be used for identification of ceramic materials.
Moreover, it can utilize also about other materials and other physical properties, such as resin.
Claims (4)
前記解析装置は、
予め既知の水分量の前記物質について前記振幅変化と位相差を検出し、前記振幅変化と位相差の関係を直線近似した直線の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと水分量との関係を表す検量線を求めて記憶手段に記憶しておき、
被検査対象物に前記電磁波を照射して検出した振幅変化と位相差から前記傾きを求め、当該傾きを前記検量線に当てはめることにより水分量を検出することを特徴とする水分量測定装置。 An electromagnetic wave transmitting means for irradiating an object with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], an electromagnetic wave receiving means for receiving an electromagnetic wave transmitted or reflected, a measuring instrument for measuring the phase and amplitude of the transmitted / received wave, and the measurement This is a device for measuring the moisture content of powdery, granular, and irregular rose-shaped substances, equipped with an analyzer that compares the amplitude and phase of the transmitted and received waves measured by a detector and detects and analyzes the amplitude change and phase difference. And
The analysis device includes:
The amplitude change and phase difference of the substance having a known moisture amount are detected in advance, a slope of a straight line obtained by linear approximation of the relationship between the amplitude change and the phase difference is obtained, and a calibration representing the relationship between the slope and the moisture amount Find the line and store it in the storage means,
An apparatus for measuring a moisture content, comprising: obtaining an inclination from an amplitude change detected by irradiating the object to be inspected with the electromagnetic wave and a phase difference; and applying the inclination to the calibration curve to detect an amount of moisture.
予め既知の水分量の前記物質について前記振幅変化と位相差を検出し、前記振幅変化と位相差の関係を直線近似した直線の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと水分量との関係を表す検量線を求めておき、
次に、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の被検査対象物に前記電磁波を照射して検出した振幅変化と位相差から前記傾きを求め、当該傾きを前記予め求めていた検量線に当てはめて水分量を検出することを特徴とする水分量測定方法。 Irradiate a powdery, granular, or irregular rose-shaped object with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], receive the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic wave, and measure the amplitude and phase of the transmitted wave and the received wave. A method for measuring the moisture content of powdery, granular, and irregular rose-shaped substances that detects and analyzes amplitude changes and phase differences,
The amplitude change and phase difference of the substance having a known moisture amount are detected in advance, a slope of a straight line obtained by linear approximation of the relationship between the amplitude change and the phase difference is obtained, and a calibration representing the relationship between the slope and the moisture amount Find the line,
Next, the inclination is obtained from the amplitude change and the phase difference detected by irradiating the electromagnetic wave to the powdery, granular, irregular shaped object to be inspected, and the inclination is applied to the previously obtained calibration curve. And a method for measuring the amount of water.
予め既知の材料の特性の前記物質について前記振幅変化と位相差を検出し、前記振幅変化と位相差の関係を直線近似した直線の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと材料の特性との関係を表した検量線を求めておき、
次に、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の被検査対象物に前記電磁波を照射して検出した振幅変化と位相差から前記傾きを求め、当該傾きを前記予め求めていた検量線に当てはめて材料の特性を検出することを特徴とする材料特性測定方法。 Irradiate a powdery, granular, or irregular rose-shaped object with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], receive the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic wave, and measure the amplitude and phase of the transmitted wave and the received wave. A method for measuring material properties such as permittivity and permeability of powdery, granular, and irregular rose-shaped substances that detect and analyze amplitude changes and phase differences,
The amplitude change and the phase difference are detected for the substance having a known material property in advance, and a slope of a straight line obtained by linearly approximating the relationship between the amplitude change and the phase difference is obtained. Further, the relationship between the slope and the material property is obtained. Find the calibration curve
Next, the inclination is obtained from the amplitude change and the phase difference detected by irradiating the electromagnetic wave to the powdery, granular, irregular shaped object to be inspected, and the inclination is applied to the previously obtained calibration curve. And a material property measuring method characterized by detecting the property of the material.
予め既知の材料の前記物質について前記振幅変化と位相差を検出し、前記振幅変化と位相差の関係を直線近似した直線の傾きを求め、さらに、前記傾きと材料との関係を求めておき、
次に、粉状・粒状・不定形のバラ状の被検査対象物に前記電磁波を照射して検出した振幅変化と位相差から前記傾きを求め、当該傾きを前記予め求めていた傾きと材料との関係に当てはめて前記対象物の材料を同定することを特徴とする材料同定方法。 Irradiate a powdery, granular, or irregular rose-shaped object with an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 10 5 to 10 12 [Hz], receive the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic wave, and measure the amplitude and phase of the transmitted wave and the received wave. A material identification method for powdery, granular, and irregular rose-shaped substances that detects and analyzes amplitude changes and phase differences,
Detecting the amplitude change and the phase difference for the substance of the known material in advance, obtaining a slope of a straight line that approximates the relationship between the amplitude change and the phase difference, further obtaining the relationship between the slope and the material,
Next, the inclination is obtained from the amplitude change and the phase difference detected by irradiating the electromagnetic wave to the powdery, granular, and irregular shaped object to be inspected, and the inclination and the material obtained in advance are determined. A material identification method, wherein the material of the object is identified by applying the above relationship.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014037185A JP6253096B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2014-02-27 | Electromagnetic wave characteristic evaluation equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014037185A JP6253096B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2014-02-27 | Electromagnetic wave characteristic evaluation equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2015161597A true JP2015161597A (en) | 2015-09-07 |
| JP6253096B2 JP6253096B2 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
Family
ID=54184773
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014037185A Active JP6253096B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2014-02-27 | Electromagnetic wave characteristic evaluation equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6253096B2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018168499A1 (en) | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Non-destructive detection method, non-destructive detection device, and non-destructive detection program |
| JP2019090697A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2019-06-13 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Portable water content measurement device |
| JP2021012128A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-02-04 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Identification device and identification method for identifying material by using electromagnetic wave |
| WO2021033637A1 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2021-02-25 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Cylindrical heated tobacco product |
| CN112798622A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-14 | 电子科技大学 | Device and method for detecting moisture content of wood based on microwave transmission principle |
| JP2021131290A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-09-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Moisture measurement system |
| DE112020001112T5 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2021-12-09 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Manufacturing method and apparatus for cylindrical heating type tobacco articles |
| JP7383291B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2023-11-20 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Electromagnetic wave sensing range determination method using multiple frequencies |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109613026B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-11-09 | 吉林大学 | Device for detecting water content of granular solid sample by utilizing microwave |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03221851A (en) * | 1990-01-02 | 1991-09-30 | Texaco Dev Corp | Instrument and method for analyzing petroleum flow |
| JPH08105845A (en) * | 1994-10-03 | 1996-04-23 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | Method for concurrently measuring moisture and salinity |
| JP2002522786A (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2002-07-23 | マルカム リミテッド | Apparatus and method for non-invasive measurement and determination of moisture and density of bulk and packaged tobacco |
| WO2012153793A1 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Material state measurement, detection method, and detection device |
-
2014
- 2014-02-27 JP JP2014037185A patent/JP6253096B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03221851A (en) * | 1990-01-02 | 1991-09-30 | Texaco Dev Corp | Instrument and method for analyzing petroleum flow |
| JPH08105845A (en) * | 1994-10-03 | 1996-04-23 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | Method for concurrently measuring moisture and salinity |
| JP2002522786A (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2002-07-23 | マルカム リミテッド | Apparatus and method for non-invasive measurement and determination of moisture and density of bulk and packaged tobacco |
| WO2012153793A1 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Material state measurement, detection method, and detection device |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110446919A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-11-12 | 国立研究开发法人产业技术综合研究所 | Nondestructive testing method, nondestructive inspection apparatus and non-damaged data program |
| JPWO2018168499A1 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2020-01-09 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Non-destructive detection method, non-destructive detection device, and non-destructive detection program |
| EP3598113A4 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2021-03-10 | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | Non-destructive detection method, non-destructive detection device, and non-destructive detection program |
| WO2018168499A1 (en) | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Non-destructive detection method, non-destructive detection device, and non-destructive detection program |
| CN110446919B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2022-04-01 | 国立研究开发法人产业技术综合研究所 | Nondestructive testing method and nondestructive testing device |
| JP2019090697A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2019-06-13 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Portable water content measurement device |
| JP7051080B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2022-04-11 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Portable moisture content measuring device |
| JP2021012128A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-02-04 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Identification device and identification method for identifying material by using electromagnetic wave |
| JP7253792B2 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2023-04-07 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Identification device and identification method for identifying substances using electromagnetic waves |
| DE112020001112B4 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2022-09-29 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Manufacturing method and apparatus for cylindrical heating-type tobacco articles |
| WO2021033637A1 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2021-02-25 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Cylindrical heated tobacco product |
| DE112020001112T5 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2021-12-09 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Manufacturing method and apparatus for cylindrical heating type tobacco articles |
| JP2021131290A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-09-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Moisture measurement system |
| JP7374435B2 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2023-11-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Moisture measurement system |
| JP7383291B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2023-11-20 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Electromagnetic wave sensing range determination method using multiple frequencies |
| CN112798622B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-05-17 | 电子科技大学 | Device and method for detecting moisture content of wood based on microwave transmission principle |
| CN112798622A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-14 | 电子科技大学 | Device and method for detecting moisture content of wood based on microwave transmission principle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6253096B2 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6253096B2 (en) | Electromagnetic wave characteristic evaluation equipment | |
| Redo-Sanchez et al. | Assessment of terahertz spectroscopy to detect antibiotic residues in food and feed matrices | |
| Trabelsi et al. | Density-independent functions for on-line microwave moisture meters: a general discussion | |
| US6456093B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for detection of foreign bodies in products | |
| Austin et al. | The use of near-infrared and microwave resonance sensing to monitor a continuous roller compaction process | |
| Bogosanovic et al. | Overview and comparison of microwave noncontact wood measurement techniques | |
| JP3087939B2 (en) | Simultaneous measurement of food moisture and salt | |
| Austin et al. | In-situ monitoring of the bulk density and the moisture content of rapidly flowing particulates using a microwave resonance sensor | |
| Soltani et al. | Use of dielectric properties in quality measurement of agricultural products | |
| RU2641715C1 (en) | Microwave device for soil moisture measuring | |
| Murphy et al. | Effect of microsphere concentration and size in compacts on terahertz scattering | |
| Anokye-Bempah et al. | Design, calibration, and validation of an inline green coffee moisture estimation system using time-domain reflectometry | |
| AU770854B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for detection of foreign bodies in products | |
| Andreas et al. | Non-destructive evaluation of grain angle, moisture content and density of spruce with microwaves | |
| Reinecke et al. | Quantification of edema in human brain tissue by determination of electromagnetic parameters | |
| JP7253792B2 (en) | Identification device and identification method for identifying substances using electromagnetic waves | |
| JP6868302B2 (en) | Non-destructive detection method, non-destructive detection device and non-destructive detection program | |
| US8614586B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring peanut moisture content | |
| Hengcharoen et al. | Microwave dielectric measurement of liquids by using waveguide plunger technique | |
| Huong et al. | Non-destructive prediction of moisture content of lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle'Paan') by multiple regression analysis of its electrical and physical properties | |
| Davies et al. | Continuous monitoring of bulk density and particle size in flowable powders and grains | |
| Gundewar et al. | Design of a microstrip patch antenna as a moisture sensor | |
| Gibson et al. | An overview of microwave techniques for the efficient measurement of food materials | |
| Trabelsi et al. | Use of dielectric spectroscopy for determining quality attributes of poultry meat | |
| Upadhyay et al. | Microwave Spectroscopy and its Applications in online Processing' |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20161028 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20170419 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20170425 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170623 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20171121 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20171122 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6253096 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |