JP2015135726A - Illuminance control system for illumination facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To construct a tunnel illumination utilizing a DC with a good power efficiency and an illumination power supply device with extremely-low probability of loss of power supply in a modern society where improvement in energy utilization efficiency is demanded, to reduce a noise, to secure a proper brightness depending on a location in a tunnel, to utilize a natural energy, to automatically and remotely adjust a brightness in the tunnel with exterior brightness, to inform the exterior at an occurrence of problems, and to enable warning display by blinking of illumination.SOLUTION: An illuminance control system for an illumination facility is configured by a plurality of illuminating devices installed in a structure having an opening communicated with the exterior at an end part. Each difference in distances from installation positions of the plurality of illuminating devices to the opening, and an exterior illuminance in real time, are respectively measured, and each illuminance for the plurality of illuminating devices provided in the structure is decided by the measurement value.

Description

The present invention relates to an illuminance control system of a lighting facility that controls the illuminance of, for example, a lighting facility in a tunnel, and mainly combines a plurality of power sources of natural energy such as solar power generation and a commercial power source as a direct current, for example, It is an illuminance control system for lighting equipment that supplies lighting power to lighting devices such as LEDs, and automatically adjusts the illuminance in the tunnel in response to the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation, and also uses DC in the tunnel The present invention relates to an illuminance control system for lighting equipment that can reduce noise radiated to the light source and enable appropriate illuminance adjustment at depth, fault detection, fault location estimation, and warning display such as accidents.

  In today's society, where energy issues are becoming an important issue, the introduction of natural energy is an urgent task, and the improvement of energy utilization efficiency is also required in energy consumption. Due to recent advances in semiconductor technology, the power efficiency in the use of direct current has been dramatically improved, and the power obtained by solar power generation, which is a representative of natural energy, is also direct current. The LEDs that are used also operate with direct current. Therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency by using it as a direct current from power generation to consumption.

  Photovoltaic power generation can only obtain power during periods of sunlight. For this reason, in the use of lighting in ordinary homes, it is difficult to obtain effective power at night, which requires the most power, and it is difficult to use it effectively.

  On the other hand, in the lighting in the tunnel, it is necessary to brighten the tunnel entrance especially in the daytime when the tunnel is bright, so that the eyesight can be maintained even when entering the tunnel, and the eyes are dark at night. Because it adapts to the environment, the lighting in the tunnel can also be dimmed.

  In general, the human eye has the ability to adapt from direct illuminance above 10,000 lux to illuminance below 1 lux at full moon, but in the dark, in addition to the iris diaphragm function, the retina sensitivity It is said that physiological adaptation that changes For this reason, if the retina and the aperture function are slow compared to the traveling speed when suddenly entering a dark tunnel from under the clear sky, the field of view will be lost momentarily and it will be unavoidable.

  Also, the instant glare that suddenly goes out from the darkness in the tunnel to the clear sky is very dangerous. For this reason, for example, tunnel illumination requires appropriate illuminance at the entrance and exit of the tunnel. In addition, in this case, the constant linkage with the external illuminance not only assists the pupil function, but also reduces the power consumption, and the load on the lighting fixture extends to the life cycle of the fixture. . When observing from such a point of view during daily tunnel traffic, relatively inadequate illuminance management or non-lighting can be seen, and there is a glimpse of tunnels that do not meet the prescribed standards. Even in the local government, it cannot be left unattended due to busyness, and in the case of a contingency, the life of a person is immeasurable, and it is necessary to prevent such unforeseen human life from being neglected. is there. Furthermore, the maintenance management by the visual inspection of the managers so far involves the danger of traffic, and the maintenance costs are not small.

  The present invention can prevent the accident by controlling the illuminance without impairing the driver's view, and can further reduce the power consumption cost. Remote monitoring is an effective technique even in the case of mountain ranges with a series of tunnels, which leads to reduction in management costs and safety.

  The lighting in the tunnel is different from general household lighting, and the generation time of photovoltaic power generation matches the time zone of demand, so it has a very high affinity and can effectively use solar power generation. .

  In addition, lighting in the tunnel may cause an accident if it is extinguished due to a power failure, etc., so it is necessary to always supply power even if some problem occurs. Can make a lighting power source that is resistant to disasters. Further, by using direct current, it is easy to remove noise, and the influence of noise on the frequency of the commercial power supply is extremely reduced.

  Fluorescent lamps that are widely used at present, mercury lamps that are often used in tunnels and streets, and sodium lamps are types of discharge tubes, so the range of adjustable brightness is limited and there is also a lot of noise. Also, especially in cold regions, lighting equipment that uses these discharge phenomena may not light at low temperatures, or even if it is lit, it may take a long time to achieve sufficient brightness. is there.

On the other hand, the LED illumination can adjust the luminance in a wide range as compared with the mercury lamp and the sodium lamp, and hardly generates noise. Furthermore, the LED illumination can be turned on instantaneously without problems even at low temperatures.

JP 2011-181055 A

Thus, the illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to the present invention has been devised to cope with the above-mentioned conventional problems, and according to the present invention, it is possible to provide power-efficient DC-use tunnel lighting and a plurality of energy sources. It can be used, and DC power synthesis technology can construct a lighting power supply device that has a very low possibility of power loss, has low noise, and can ensure the appropriate brightness according to the location in the tunnel. Energy can be used to automatically adjust the brightness of the tunnel remotely in conjunction with the brightness of the outside, and if a problem such as a failure occurs in lighting equipment in the tunnel, this can be notified to the outside. Also, it is possible to display a warning such as an accident by blinking the illumination.

Illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to the present invention,
It is an illuminance control system for lighting equipment that is installed in a structure having an opening that communicates with the outside at an end, and that includes a plurality of lighting devices that can receive power supply from a plurality of types of power supply devices.
The illuminance of each of the plurality of lighting devices installed in the structure is measured by measuring the difference in distance from each installation position of the plurality of lighting devices to the opening and the external illuminance in real time. Determine the illuminance of each of a plurality of illumination devices provided in the structure;
It is characterized by
Or
Measurement of the difference in distance from each installation position of the plurality of lighting devices to the opening can be measured from the difference in loop wiring connected to the plurality of lighting devices,
It is characterized by
Or
The measurement of the external illuminance in real time is measured based on the value of the generated power of the solar power generation device when the solar power generation device is connected.
It is characterized by
Or
For the plurality of lighting devices, an LED that does not emit discharge noise is used, and an illuminance control system that does not affect the reception state of the broadcasting device that receives in the structure,
It is characterized by
Or
The plurality of types of power supply devices include solar power generation, wind power generation, commercial power supply, battery, emergency generator,
It is characterized by
Or
Of the plurality of types of power supply devices, even if one of the power supply devices is lost, the other power supply device can supply power.
It is characterized by
Or
The illuminance of a plurality of lighting devices installed in the structure in conjunction with the external illuminance can be determined,
It is characterized by
Or
Ammeters and voltmeters are installed on both sides of the lighting device connected to the loop wiring, and troubles occurring in the structure, failure of the lighting device, and failure points of the lighting device are detected by the detected values of the ammeter and voltmeter. Can be detected,
It is characterized by
Or
A smoke detector is installed in the lighting device or adjacent to the lighting device, and the generation and direction of smoke can be detected by the smoke detector.
It is characterized by this.

That is, the present invention includes, for example, a power combining device that combines solar power generation and power from another power supply device, and is configured by a lighting device that operates with direct current and changes in brightness according to voltage. Because it uses direct current for the load, it is low noise, and by using photovoltaic power generation, the illumination intensity of illumination can be linked to the external brightness, and the power of multiple power sources is combined and used Therefore, even if one or more power supplies are lost, it is possible to supply power from other power supplies. By connecting to the lighting device with loop wiring, voltage drop due to wiring is reduced. By measuring the supply current, it is possible to detect the operating status of the lighting, and by checking the continuity of the loop wiring, it is possible to detect an accident such as a disconnection (such as a collapse), and smoke near the lighting. Inspection By installing the can receiving element, and makes it possible to smoke detection and direction detection.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is possible to construct a lighting power source device for tunnels that uses DC with high power efficiency and a plurality of energy sources, and that can be used to construct a lighting power source device that is extremely unlikely to lose power by using DC power combining technology. There are few, and the brightness suitable for the place in the tunnel can be secured. Furthermore, the brightness in the tunnel can be automatically adjusted remotely using the natural energy and linked to the outside brightness. If a problem such as a failure occurs in the lighting equipment, etc., it can be notified to the outside, and it has an excellent effect that it is possible to display warnings such as accidents by blinking the lighting .

That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to set appropriate brightness depending on the location, and low noise does not adversely affect radio broadcasting in the tunnel, and solar power generation, wind power generation, commercial power supply, battery, emergency generator Multiple power sources can be used, and even if one power source is lost, other power sources can be used to supply power.By linking solar power generation and the brightness in the tunnel, the driver's vision is not burdened, It is possible to detect the failure of the lighting device and the location of the failure, and to detect the voltage drop and the falling floor accident by the loop wiring, to detect the direction of smoke and smoke, and to use it for smooth smoke discharge.

It is explanatory drawing of a structure of the illumination intensity control system of lighting equipment. It is explanatory drawing of a structure of an electric power synthesis apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the output part of the illumination intensity control system of a lighting installation. It is explanatory drawing of an illuminating device. It is explanatory drawing of a loop wiring and an illuminating device. It is explanatory drawing of the failure detection of an illuminating device. It is explanatory drawing of smoke detection.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an overall view of a configuration example of the present invention.

  Examples of the power source 1... Include a natural energy source such as a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, and a hydroelectric power generation device, or a commercial power source, an emergency generator, a battery, and the like. In the case of the power source 1 of AC output, the AC / DC converter 3 is connected to make the direct current and then the power is used. In particular, when the present invention is implemented in the tunnel 8, it is conceivable to use a hydroelectric generator as the power source 1. That is, the tunnel 8 is often provided in a so-called mountainous area, and installation of a large number of hydroelectric generators that provide clean natural energy is extremely effective in a mountainous area with a difference in elevation.

  These powers are converted into appropriate voltages by the power conversion device 2, and then combined and output by the power combining device 4.

  Here, the power conversion device 2 converts the input power into a power form (voltage and current) desired to be used, and examples thereof include a switching regulator. The output 5 includes the loop wiring 10 and the lighting device 9.

  The power combiner 4 is a device that combines the power of the power sources 1... FIG. Reference numeral 6 denotes a diode D for preventing backflow, which can be replaced with a circuit having an equivalent function using a semiconductor switch element such as an FET.

  In addition, although the example which connects four power sources 1 ... here is shown, it is also possible to use with 1 to 3 power sources 1 or even more power sources 1. is there. Specifically, it is possible to connect solar power generation, wind power generation, hydroelectric power generation, geothermal power generation, commercial power supply, battery, emergency power generation device, etc., and connect a plurality of power sources 1. In this case, even if some of the power sources 1 are lost, it is possible to supplement power from other power sources.

  Next, FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of the output 5 (the loop wiring 10 and the lighting device 9). The output of the power combiner 4 is converted to an appropriate voltage by the power converter 2 in the output 5 and output to each loop wiring 10. By using the loop wiring 10, the voltage drop due to the electric resistance of the wiring can be reduced to half.

  Since the voltage drop can be suppressed by using the loop wiring 10, it is possible to reduce the economic cost during operation and the voltage drop to the load. In addition, it is possible to prevent light extinction due to disconnection.

  Note that the output voltage of the power conversion device 2 on the output side (FIG. 3) of the power combining device is controlled by the control device 13. Here, the control device 13 is for checking the value of the ammeter / voltmeter 7 to determine the voltage of the power conversion device 2, and a one-chip microcomputer or the like can be used as the control device 13. .

In the example of FIG. 3, there are three loop wires 10, and the lighting device 9 is connected to one of the three loop wires 10 according to the distance from the entrance. The lighting device 9 closest to the entrance is connected to the loop A, the lighting device 9 at the next position is connected to the loop B, and the innermost lighting device 9 (the center) is connected to the loop C.

(Setting of illumination intensity)
Here, by adjusting the voltages of Loop A, Loop B, and Loop C, the brightness of the lighting devices 9 in the tunnel can be changed in accordance with the distance from the entrance.

FIG. 4 shows a circuit example of the illumination devices 9. The voltage applied to the LED 11 is VD, and the voltage applied to the resistor 12 is VR. Due to the nature of the LED 11, VD is a substantially constant voltage. When the voltage applied to the illumination device 9 is V, the relationship with the voltage VD applied to the LED 11 is expressed by the following equation.

V = VD + VR

Further, the current I flowing through the LED 11 is the same as the current flowing through the resistor 12,

I = (VR) / R

It becomes. Therefore, the current flowing through the LED 11 is represented by the voltage V applied to the lighting device 9 as follows.

I = (V-VD) / R ... Formula 1

Since VD and R are constant, the current flowing through the LED 11 is determined by the voltage V applied to the lighting device 9. Further, the brightness of the LED 11 is proportional to the current I.

  Therefore, it can be seen that the brightness of the lighting device 9 can be controlled by the voltage V applied to the lighting device 9.

Therefore, the brightness of each of the lighting devices 9 in the tunnel can be controlled by changing the voltage for each of the three loop wirings 10 (loop A, loop B, loop C).

トンネル８内の照明装置９・・・は、入り口に近いほど明るく、中央部分が暗くなるように設定されている。また、日中はトンネル８内も明るく、夜間はトンネル８内も暗くなるよう設定される。
このように、トンネル８内の照明装置９・・・による照明制御は、外の明るさと、位置（入り口からの距離）により決定され、位置による明るさは、図３に示す様にいずれかのループ配線１０との接続などにより設定することができる。 (Linked with outside brightness)
An example of actually controlling the brightness of the tunnel 8 will be described.

The lighting devices 9 in the tunnel 8 are set so that the closer to the entrance, the brighter the center part becomes darker. In addition, the tunnel 8 is set to be bright during the day and dark within the tunnel 8 at night.
In this way, the illumination control by the lighting devices 9 in the tunnel 8 is determined by the outside brightness and the position (distance from the entrance), and the brightness by the position is either one as shown in FIG. It can be set by connection with the loop wiring 10 or the like.

On the other hand, the outside brightness can be known from the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus when the photovoltaic power generation apparatus is connected. Here, the electric power generated by the solar power generation device can be measured by an ammeter / voltmeter 7, and the voltage supplied to the loop wiring 10... By the control device 13 according to the measured power (current × voltage). It is possible to set the illumination illuminance in the tunnel 8 corresponding to the outside brightness.
Alternatively, it is possible to connect an illuminance meter to the control device 13 and determine the illumination illuminance in the tunnel 8 based on this.

(Low noise)
Since mercury lamps and sodium lamps are discharge tubes, noise is generated when discharging, but when the LED 11 is used, noise due to discharge does not occur. Therefore, when the LED 11 is used with a direct current in the circuit as shown in FIG. 4 for the lighting device 9, it is possible to minimize the generation of noise.

(Failure detection of lighting device 9)
Since a failure of the lighting device 9 can cause an accident, it is desirable to take measures such as repair and replacement immediately. For this purpose, it is necessary to detect a failure of the lighting device 9. In the present invention, it is possible to detect a failure of the lighting device 9.

This principle will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 5 shows the wiring from the power conversion device 2 to the loop wiring 10 and the lighting device 9. Among these, FIG. 6 shows an excerpt of the loop wiring 10 and the illumination device 9 from the ammeter / voltmeter 7.
Here, the resistance value of the loop wiring 10 is set to RL (Ω), and the lengths of the wiring are set to L1 (m) and L2 (m) for the ammeter / voltmeter 7 to the lighting device 9, respectively.

The resistance values of L1 and L2 are (L1 × RL) / (L1 + L2) and (L2 × RL) / (L1 + L2), respectively, and it can be considered that the resistance components of L1 and L2 are connected in parallel. From the ammeter / voltmeter 7 to the lighting device 9, the resistance value in the loop wiring 10 is
(L1 × L2 × RL) / ((L1 + L2) × (L1 + L2))
It is expressed. Since there are power supply + side and-side, the total is twice this
2 × (L1 × L2 × RL) / ((L1 + L2) × (L1 + L2))
The resistance value is as follows. This is RX.

From Equation 1,
I = (V-VD) / R
And substituting a value obtained by adding this RX to R,
I = (V-VD) / (R + RX)
The power consumption seen from the ammeter / voltmeter 7 (total of both ends) is
V × (V-VD) / (R + RX)
It becomes.

  If the lighting device 9 breaks down, the power consumption is not so much, so that the failure of the lighting device 9 can be easily detected by checking the value of the ammeter / voltmeter 7. Become.

Similarly, when there are a plurality of lighting devices 9, the amount of power consumed in the lighting device 9 at an arbitrary position is calculated in the same manner from the resistance of the wiring, the number of lighting devices 9, and the mounting position. It is also possible to calculate the power when the lighting device 9 at that position is removed. If any one of the lighting devices 9 breaks down, the location of the failure can be estimated by comparing this calculated value with the measured values of the ammeter / voltmeter 7 at both ends of the loop.

(Accident detection)
Usually, the current to the lighting devices 9... Flows through the ammeter / voltmeter 7 at both ends of the loop wiring 10. However, when the current value on one side becomes 0 for some reason, it is considered that a disconnection has occurred between the lighting device 9 connected to the loop wiring 10. When the current value is decreased and the decreased current value is not 0, it can be determined that the lighting device 9 and the lighting device 9 are disconnected.

  By applying a voltage to only one side of the loop, it is possible to know how many lighting devices 9 are connected to the applied voltage side from the power consumption. Thereby, it is possible to know what number of illuminations and what number of illuminations the wiring is cut.

  For example, when three lighting devices 9 are connected, when voltage is applied only to one side (this side is A), the power consumption is one lighting device, and the other side (this side is B). When the voltage is applied only when the power consumption is equivalent to two lighting devices, it is considered that a disconnection has occurred between the first and second lighting devices as viewed from A.

If the loop wiring 10 is sufficiently protected, the disconnection of the loop wiring 10 indicates a possibility that an accident such as a falling board has occurred. If such a situation occurs, an alarm is generated in some way. This will help prevent accidents.

(Smoke detection)
Next, for example, by arranging the light receiving element 14 in the lighting device 9 or adjacent to the lighting device 9, smoke can be detected. In addition, although the light receiving element 14 was mentioned as a smoke detector, if it is a sensor which can detect smoke, it will not be limited to the light receiving element 14.

An example is shown in FIG. When smoke 15 is generated in the tunnel 8, the light emitted from the lighting device 9 in the vicinity thereof is reflected by the smoke 15 and reaches the light receiving element 14, whereby the detected light amount of the light receiving element 14 changes. It is possible to detect smoke using this.
In addition, by arranging a plurality of light receiving elements 14, it is possible to narrow down the smoke generation position.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power source 2 Power converter 3 AC / DC converter 4 Power synthesizer 5 Output part (power converter circuit, loop wiring, lighting device)
6 Backflow prevention diode 7 Ammeter / Voltmeter 8 Tunnel 9 Lighting device 10 Loop wiring 11 LED
12 Resistor 13 Control device 14 Light receiving element 15 Smoke

Claims (9)

It is an illuminance control system for lighting equipment that is installed in a structure having an opening that communicates with the outside at an end, and that includes a plurality of lighting devices that can receive power supply from a plurality of types of power supply devices.
The illuminance of each of the plurality of lighting devices installed in the structure is measured by measuring the difference in distance from each installation position of the plurality of lighting devices to the opening and the external illuminance in real time. Determine the illuminance of each of a plurality of illumination devices provided in the structure;
An illuminance control system for lighting equipment.
Measurement of the difference in distance from each installation position of the plurality of lighting devices to the opening can be measured from the difference in loop wiring connected to the plurality of lighting devices,
The illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to claim 1.
The measurement of the external illuminance in real time is measured based on the value of the generated power of the solar power generation device when the solar power generation device is connected.
The illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to claim 1 or 2.
For the plurality of lighting devices, an LED that does not emit discharge noise is used, and an illuminance control system that does not affect the reception state of the broadcasting device that receives in the structure,
The illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3.
The plurality of types of power supply devices include solar power generation, wind power generation, commercial power supply, battery, emergency generator,
The illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, or claim 4.
Of the plurality of types of power supply devices, even if one of the power supply devices is lost, the other power supply device can supply power.
The illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, or claim 5.
The illuminance of a plurality of lighting devices installed in the structure in conjunction with the external illuminance can be determined,
The illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, or claim 6.
Ammeters and voltmeters are installed on both sides of the lighting device connected to the loop wiring, and troubles occurring in the structure, failure of the lighting device, and failure points of the lighting device are detected by the detected values of the ammeter and voltmeter. Can be detected,
The illumination control illuminance control system according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, claim 6, or claim 7.
A smoke detector is installed in the lighting device or adjacent to the lighting device, and the generation and direction of smoke can be detected by the smoke detector.
The illuminance control system for lighting equipment according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, claim 6, claim 7, or claim 8.

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