JP2015132034A - Device for supporting upward facing work - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify the structure of a work support device that reduces a work load in an upward posture while reducing a load to a worker.SOLUTION: A work support device 1 worn by a worker is provided which reduces a work load in an upward posture in which the upper half part of the worker's body is bent backward. The work support device comprises: a neck support part (a first support member) 10 for supporting a neck part N of a worker X from backward and being deformed correspondingly to the pressing force from the neck part N; and a belt member (a second support member) 20 to which the neck support part 10 is attached and that extends along a front side of the worker X to be fixed to a waist part to convey a load on the neck support part 10 to the waist part.

Description

  The present invention relates to a work support device that reduces a work burden in an upward posture.

  In the interior work of the ceiling surface in the construction industry, work in an upward posture in which the upper body of the worker is tilted backward is performed for a long time. Since the human head is heavy, fatigue is accumulated in the neck when the upward work is performed for a long time. The accumulation of fatigue reduces work efficiency and can cause stiff shoulders and headaches.

  In order to reduce fatigue during upward work, the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 includes a frame having wheels, a lower frame standing on the frame, and an upper frame standing on the lower frame. The lower frame is provided with a seat plate, and the upper frame is provided with a backrest, an armrest, a head support portion, and a tool post. And by depositing each part of the body in these parts, fatigue during upward work is reduced.

  Moreover, in the apparatus described in Patent Document 2, a bar-shaped auxiliary member curved downward is attached to the rear lower edge of the helmet, and the tip of the auxiliary member is brought into contact with the operator's back. Thereby, the load of the head is transmitted to the back, and fatigue during upward work is reduced.

JP 2010-119424 A JP 2012-82558 A

  However, since the device of Patent Document 1 has a large structure that surrounds an operator, there is a problem that it takes time to transport and install the device and the usable site is limited. Further, although the device of Patent Document 2 has a simple configuration, the head is supported only by a rod-like auxiliary member, and there is a problem that the position of the head is difficult to be determined and unstable. In addition, since the lower end of the auxiliary member continues to contact the back, there is a possibility that the local area of the back is strongly pressed.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an upward work support device that can reduce the burden on the operator while simplifying the configuration.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a work support device that reduces the work load in an upward posture that is attached to an operator and the upper body of the worker is tilted rearward. A first support member that deforms in response to a pressing force from the neck, and the first support member is attached, and passes through the front side of the operator, and at least a waist or abdomen. And a second support member that is fixed on the one hand and transmits a load to the neck support part to at least one of the waist or the abdomen.

  Since the work support device of the present invention only needs to include the first support member and the second support member, the configuration can be simplified. Further, the load from the neck during the upward work is transmitted to at least one of the waist and the abdomen of the worker via the second support member arranged on the front side of the worker. Thereby, an operator's load can be disperse | distributed to a waist | hip | lumbar part and an abdominal part, and the burden to the neck part at the time of upward work can be reduced. Further, since the first support member is deformed in accordance with the pressing force from the neck, the burden on the neck can be reduced in this respect as well.

  In the aforementioned work support device, the first support member is made of a frame-like elastic material including an upper frame part, a lower frame part, and a pair of side frame parts that connect the upper frame part and the lower frame part. It is preferred that In this configuration, the first support member is made of a frame-like elastic material, and is lightweight. Moreover, since it is a frame shape, it can be easily deformed by a pressing force from the neck.

  In the aforementioned work support device, it is preferable that the second support member is a belt member that connects the first support member and a safety belt attached to the waist. In this configuration, the load of the worker can be transmitted to the waist through the safety belt normally worn by the worker, so that the configuration can be further simplified.

  In the work support device described above, the first support member is provided with a mounting protrusion so as to protrude downward, and the second support member is an outerwear worn by the worker, and the waist support or the waist circumference. It is preferable to have a stopper that is fixed in a contracted state, and a protrusion fixing portion that is provided at the upper part of the back body and to which the attachment protrusion is fixed. In this configuration, the load from the neck during upward work is transmitted to the protrusion fixing portion via the first support member. The front body of the jacket is pulled upward by this load, but the load on the head can be distributed to the waist and abdomen by the waist and waist areas of the jacket fixed in a contracted state, and the neck when working upwards Can reduce the burden on

  The present invention relates to a work support device that reduces the work load in an upward posture in which the upper body of the worker is tilted rearward, and can reduce the burden on the worker while simplifying the configuration.

It is a front view of the work support device concerning a 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view of a neck support member. (A) is a front view at the time of apparatus mounting | wearing, (b) is a side view at the time of apparatus mounting | wearing. It is a figure explaining the state at the time of bending back a worker's neck. It is a figure explaining the muscle activity level at the time of mounting | wearing of the work support apparatus, and a non-wearing apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the work support apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, (a) is a front view of a neck support member (1st support member), (b) is a right view similarly. It is explanatory drawing of the work support apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, and is a figure explaining the outerwear which attached the neck support member and opened the front body. (A) is a front view of a jacket with the neck support member and the front body closed, and (b) is a rear view. (A), (b) is a figure explaining the state at the time of bending an operator's neck part back, respectively. It is explanatory drawing of the work support apparatus which concerns on a modification, and is a figure explaining a part of neck support member and a belt member.

  The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below. As shown in FIG. 1, the work support device 1 according to the first embodiment includes a neck support member 10 and a belt member 20. The neck support member 10 corresponds to a first support member, and supports the operator's neck from behind. The belt member 20 corresponds to a second support member, and transmits a load on the neck support member 10 to the waist of the operator.

  The neck support member 10 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the neck support member 10 is formed in a rectangular frame shape including an upper frame portion 11, a lower frame portion 12, and a pair of side frame portions 13. The neck support member 10 is manufactured by processing an elastic material into a frame shape. The size of the neck support member 10 will be described. The width W is 150 to 200 mm, the height H is 125 to 150 mm, and the depth (thickness) D is 20 to 30 mm. In the prototype, foamed polyethylene having an expansion ratio of 20 to 40 times was processed into a size of 175 mm in width, 138 mm in height, and 25 mm in thickness.

  Regarding the expansion ratio, 30 times and 40 times were softer than 20 times, and were suitable as the neck support member 10. For this reason, in the confirmation test to be described later, a neck support member 10 made of foamed polyethylene having a foaming ratio of 30 to 40 times was used.

  The upper frame portion 11 is a bar-shaped portion having a rectangular cross section disposed in the lateral direction on the upper portion of the neck support member 10 and is curved following the neck when the neck is bent backward. For this reason, the upper surface of the neck support member 10 has a curved concave shape so that the central portion in the longitudinal direction is the thinnest. This makes it easier to bend the central portion than both ends. The lower frame portion 12 is a rod-shaped portion provided in a lower part of the neck support member 10 in a state parallel to the upper frame portion 11, and is formed in a prismatic shape having one side of a cross section of 20 to 30 mm. The side frame portion 13 is a rod-like portion that connects one end of the upper frame portion 11 and one end of the lower frame portion 12, and the other end of the upper frame portion 11 and the other end of the lower frame portion 12. It is formed in a prismatic shape of ˜30 mm.

  Further, a rectangular space 14 is formed at the center of the neck support member 10 when viewed from the front. The space 14 facilitates the bending of the upper frame portion 11 in the downward direction and the bending of the side frame portion 13 inward. As a result, the upper frame portion 11 and the side frame portion 13 can be easily deformed according to the pressing force from the neck.

  Next, the belt member 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the belt member 20 includes a belt main body 21 and clips 22 attached to both ends of the belt main body 21. A neck support member 10 is attached to an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the belt main body 21. The belt main body 21 includes a main belt 23, an adjuster 24, a fastener 25, and a sub belt 26.

  The main belt 23 is made of a stretchable material having elasticity or a synthetic fiber fabric. In this embodiment, the elastic band is a kind of elastic material. And the width | variety of the main belt 23 is 30-50 mm, length is 1500-2000 mm, and the neck support member 10 is attached to the intermediate position of a longitudinal direction. One end side and the other end side of the main belt 23 are folded back, and an adjuster 24 is attached to the folded position. Then, by adjusting the length of the folded portion 23a, the length from the neck support member 10 to the adjuster 24 can be adapted to the physique of the operator. The fastener 25 is attached in the middle of the belt body 21 and fixes the folded portion 23a.

  The sub belt 26 is a belt-like member that connects the adjuster 24 and the clip 22. The sub belt 26 is also made of a stretchable elastic material or a synthetic fiber fabric, and has a width of 30 to 50 mm and a length of 100 to 200 mm. The clip 22 sandwiches a safety belt Y (see FIG. 3) or a waist belt (not shown) worn by an operator, and fixes the belt body 21 to the safety belt Y or the waist belt.

  Next, a method of using the work support device 1 having the above configuration will be described. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, in order to attach the work support device 1 to the worker X, the belt is placed with the neck support member 10 applied to the neck N of the worker X from behind. Both end portions of the main body 21 are guided forward over the shoulder of the worker X. Then, after the clips 22 are sandwiched between the safety belts Y on the front side of the worker X, the belt body 21 is loosened by adjusting the length of the folded portion 23a. In this state, the neck support member 10 is lightly fixed near the back of the neck by the tension of the belt member 20.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a situation where the worker X wearing the work support apparatus 1 takes an upward posture. As shown in the figure, by taking the upward posture, the upper body of the worker X is tilted backward, and the neck N is bent backward. Thereby, the upper frame part 11 of the neck support member 10 is curved following the neck N and the back of the head.

  To explain in order, at the initial stage of backward bending, the back of the worker X presses the upper frame portion 11 from above. As a result, tension is applied to the belt member 20 (belt main body 21), and the head is supported by the neck support member 10. In the present embodiment, since a rubber belt is used as the main belt 23 of the belt main body 21, the head load is supported by the repulsive force of the extended main belt 23. Further, when the head load is entrusted to the neck support member 10, the main belt 23 is fully extended, and a vertical compressive force (upper frame portion 11 is changed to lower frame portion 12 with respect to the neck support member 10. Force in the direction of approaching). The neck N is supported by the compressive force and the tension of the belt member 20.

  Here, as described above, the upper surface of the upper frame portion 11 has a curved concave shape, and a space 14 is formed in the central portion of the neck support member 10. For this reason, as the neck N is bent backward, the upper frame portion 11 is curved toward the space 14 and the upper portion of the side frame portion 13 is curved inward. As a result, even if a head load is deposited on the neck support member 10, it is difficult to place an excessive burden on the neck N.

  Further, since the neck support member 10 and the safety belt Y are connected via the belt member 20 arranged on the front side of the worker X, the load from the neck N during the upward work is the belt member 20. And transmitted to the waist of the worker X through the safety belt Y. As a result, the load from the neck N during the upward work can be distributed to the waist, and the burden on the neck N during the upward work can be further reduced.

  Next, a confirmation test for confirming the burden reducing effect on the neck N will be described. In this confirmation test, the amount of activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was measured for one subject while changing the back bending angle of the neck (neck N). Specifically, a plurality of electrodes were attached to the position of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the electrode potential (surface myoelectric potential) was recorded. The product name BioLog manufactured by S & ME was used for recording myoelectric potential.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the back bending angle of the neck was set to five levels of 0 ° to 40 °. This backward bending angle was measured with an inclinometer. And the magnitude | size of the myoelectric potential was arranged by the amount of muscle activities of 0-60 [% MVC]. The muscle activity amount is an index indicating the activity state of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and indicates the magnitude of the measured surface myoelectric potential. In this confirmation test, the lowest activity state was 0% MVC, and the highest activity state was 60% MVC. Therefore, it can be said that the higher the numerical value, the greater the burden on the neck N. Moreover, the measurement was performed in each of the unsupported state and the mounted state of the work support device 1.

  The test results will be described. In FIG. 5, the amount of muscle activity in a non-wearing state is indicated by a white square, and the amount of muscle activity in a wearing state is indicated by a black rhombus. Non-wearing muscle activity was 7.1% MVC at 0 ° angle, 24.5% MVC at 10 ° angle, 48.0% MVC at 20 ° angle, 42.9% MVC at 30 ° angle, angle It was 51.9% MVC at 40 °. On the other hand, the muscle activity in the wearing state is 7.9% MVC at an angle of 0 °, 35.5% MVC at an angle of 10 °, 29.5% MVC at an angle of 20 °, 41.3% MVC at an angle of 30 °, It was 32.5% MVC at an angle of 40 °.

  In the mounted state, it was confirmed that the muscle activity amount was larger at the back bend angle of 10 ° than at the unmounted state, but the muscle activity amount was smaller at the back bend angle of 20 ° or more than in the unmounted state. . Specifically, the value of the amount of muscular activity when the back bending angle is 20 ° or more is in the range of 29.5 to 41.3% MVC, and the value range of the unmounted state (42.9 to 51.9% MVC). It was confirmed that it was sufficiently smaller than that.

  Moreover, in the non-wearing state, the tendency for the amount of muscle activity to increase was confirmed as the backward bending angle increased. On the other hand, in the wearing state, it was confirmed that the muscle activity amount tends to be within a certain range (generally 30 to 40% MVC) at a backward bending angle of 10 ° or more.

  From this measurement result, it was confirmed that the load from the neck N is distributed to the waist through the work support device 1 and the safety belt Y, and the burden on the neck N is reduced.

  As is clear from the above description, the work support device 1 of the first embodiment has a simple configuration including the neck support member 10 (first support member) and the belt member 20 (second support member). Can be configured. Since the load from the neck N during the upward work is transmitted to the waist of the worker X via the belt member 20 disposed on the front side of the worker X, the load of the worker X is distributed to the waist. It is possible to reduce the burden on the neck N during the upward work. In addition, since the neck support member 10 is deformed according to the pressing force from the neck N, the burden on the neck N can be reduced also in this respect.

  Moreover, since the neck support member 10 is made of a frame-like foamed polyethylene (elastic material), it can be easily deformed according to the pressing force from the neck N or the back of the head, and the weight can be easily reduced. is there. In addition, since it is a foamed material, even if it is used in a cold region, its elasticity is not easily lost.

  Further, a clip 22 is provided at the end of the belt member 20, and the safety belt Y attached to the waist of the worker X and the neck support member 10 are connected by the belt member 20. The load of the head can be transmitted to the lower back via the safety belt Y that X is normally worn, and the configuration can be further simplified.

  Further, when the main belt 23 and the sub belt 26 are made of a stretchable material such as a rubber band, the belts 23 and 26 are stretched before the neck support member 10 is deformed according to the degree of backward bending of the neck N. be able to. Thereby, the load of a head can be supported in steps. Further, the slack of the belt member 20 can be eliminated without impairing workability.

  Next, the work support apparatus 2 (refer FIG. 7, FIG. 8) of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated. In the work support device 2 of the second embodiment, the second support member is composed of an outerwear 40 worn by the worker X, and the neck support member 30 (first support member) is the outerwear 40. The point which is comprised so that attachment or detachment with respect to (2nd support member) differs greatly from the work support apparatus 1 of 1st Embodiment. Hereinafter, description will be made focusing on these differences.

  First, the neck support member 30 will be described. As shown in FIG. 6A, the neck support member 30 of the second embodiment includes an upper frame part 31, a lower frame part 32, a side frame part 33, and a mounting projection 34. Among these, the upper frame portion 31 and the side frame portion 33 are configured in the same manner as the upper frame portion 11 and the side frame portion 13 of the first embodiment. That is, the upper frame portion 31 is disposed in the lateral direction on the upper portion of the neck support member 30, and the upper surface has a curved concave shape so that the central portion in the longitudinal direction is the thinnest. The side frame portion 33 is a prismatic rod-like portion that connects the end portions of the upper frame portion 31 and the lower frame portion 32 to each other.

  On the other hand, the lower frame portion 32 is bent into a substantially V shape when viewed from the front. That is, it is formed obliquely upward from the central portion in the longitudinal direction, and each tip is joined to the lower end of the side frame portion 33. Further, as shown in the side view of FIG. 6B, the lower frame portion 32 gradually increases in thickness toward the lower side. The attachment protrusion 34 is a prismatic portion projecting downward from the longitudinal central portion of the lower frame portion 32 and is used when attaching the neck support member 30 to the outer garment 40. Thus, the load on the head can be reliably transmitted to the outer garment 40 by configuring the mounting projection 34 in a sufficiently thick columnar shape.

  Next, the jacket 40 will be described. Here, FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the outerwear 40 in a state where the neck support member 30 is attached to the back side of the back body 42 and the front body 41 is opened left and right. Fig.8 (a) is a front view of the jacket 40 in the state which closed the neck support member 30 and the front body 41, FIG.8 (b) is a rear view similarly.

  The jacket 40 shown in FIG. 7 is configured as a pre-matching vest. In other words, the front body 41 is divided into left and right sides without having a collar or sleeves. A stop 43a such as a hook or a button fastener is provided at the mating portion 43 of the right front body 41R and the left front body 41L.

  The stopper 43a is provided in a plurality of rows (three rows in FIG. 7) in the waistline direction, and is a member for fixing the waistline and waist circumference of the jacket 40 in a contracted state. That is, the size of the waist and waist can be adjusted by the stopper 43a in a state where the front body 41 shown in FIG. 8A is closed. This is because the waist and waist portions of the outer garment 40 are wrapped around and fixed to the worker's abdomen and waist to transmit the load from the neck during upward work to the worker's abdomen and waist. Yes (described later).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, a protrusion fixing portion 44 is provided on the upper portion of the back body 42. The protrusion fixing portion 44 is a portion to which the attachment protrusion 34 of the neck support member 30 is fixed, and is configured in a pocket shape having an open upper surface in the present embodiment. In order to prevent the mounting protrusion 34 from wobbling, the storage space formed by the protrusion fixing portion 44 has a shape in which the mounting protrusion 34 is stored exactly.

  Next, a method of using the work support device 2 having the above configuration will be described. As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the work support device 2 of the present embodiment only needs to wear the outerwear 40 to which the neck support member 30 is attached. When the outer garment 40 is worn, the stopper 43a of the front body 41 is fixed in a state where the lower half of the outer garment 40 is wound around the abdomen and waist of the worker X without a gap.

  Also in the present embodiment, when the worker X wearing the work support device 2 is in the upward posture, the neck N is bent backward, the upper frame portion 31 is curved following the neck N, and the side frame portion 33 is also bent. The upper part is curved inward. Thereby, even if the load of the worker X is entrusted to the neck support member 30, an excessive burden is hardly applied to the neck N.

  When a head load is applied to the neck support member 30, a downward force indicated by a symbol D in FIGS. 9A and 9B acts on the upper portion of the back body 42 via the protrusion fixing portion 44. Here, since the back body 42 and the front body 41 are joined by shoulder ridges, an upward pulling force indicated by a symbol U in FIG. 9B acts on the front body 41. Since the lower half of the outer garment 40 is wound around the abdomen and waist of the worker X, the upward movement of the front body 41 is caused by the lower half of the outer garment 40 and the abdomen of the worker X. It is blocked by friction with etc. That is, the load on the neck support member 30 is transmitted to the abdomen of the worker X through the front body 41 and the lower half of the outerwear 40. As a result, the load from the neck N during the upward work can be distributed to the abdomen and the like, and the burden on the neck N during the upward work can be reduced.

  As is apparent from the above description, the work support device 2 of the second embodiment is composed of the neck support member 30 (first support member) and the outer jacket 40 (second support member), so that the configuration is as follows. It is simple. Moreover, the outer garment 40 can also be produced by a slight modification to the extent that the protrusion fixing portion 44 and the stopper 43a are attached to a commercially available work vest.

  The above description of the embodiment is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof. For example, you may comprise as follows.

  Regarding the neck support members 10 and 30, in each of the above-described embodiments, a frame-shaped elastic material (foamed polyethylene having a foaming ratio of 20 to 40 times) is exemplified, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the elastic material may be made of low-resilience foamed urethane or an air cushion. Further, a carbon plate (thin plate made of carbon fiber) may be made of a composite material bonded to the surface of foamed polyethylene, or may be made of a plate member in which a plurality of carbon plates are bonded. In addition, the shape of the neck support members 10 and 30 is not limited to the frame shape, and may be a pillow shape.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 10, you may combine the belt member 20 of 1st Embodiment, and the neck support member 30 of 2nd Embodiment. In this modification, the bag-like protrusion fixing portion 60 with the upper part opened is attached to the belt member 20, and the attachment protrusion 34 of the neck support member 30 is accommodated in the protrusion fixing portion 60.

  Moreover, regarding the jacket 40 in the second embodiment, the protrusion fixing portion 44 is not limited to a bag shape. For example, you may comprise with a band-shaped member. Further, the stopper 43a is not limited to a hook or a button fastener. A hook-and-loop fastener or a belt with a buckle may be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Work support apparatus of 1st Embodiment, 2 ... Work support apparatus of 2nd Embodiment, 10 ... Neck support member (1st support member), 11 ... Upper frame part, 12 ... Lower frame part, 13 ... side Frame portion, 14 ... space, 20 ... belt member (second support member), 21 ... belt body, 22 ... clip, 23 ... main belt, 23a ... folded portion, 24 ... adjuster, 25 ... fastener, 26 ... sub belt , 30 ... Neck support member (first support member), 31 ... Upper frame part, 32 ... Lower frame part, 33 ... Side frame part, 34 ... Mounting projection, 40 ... Outerwear (second support member), 41 ... front body, 41R ... right front body, 41L ... left front body, 42 ... back body, 43 ... mating part of right front body and left front body, 43a ... stop, 44 ... projection fixing part, X ... worker, Y ... safety belt , N ... Neck of worker

Claims (4)

A work support device that is attached to an operator and reduces the work burden in an upward posture in which the upper body of the worker is tilted backward,
A first support member that supports the operator's neck from behind and deforms according to the pressing force from the neck;
The first support member is attached and is fixed to at least one of the waist and the abdomen through the front side of the operator, and transmits a load to the neck support part to at least one of the waist and the abdomen. 2 support members;
A work support device comprising:   The first support member is made of a frame-like elastic material including an upper frame part, a lower frame part, and a pair of side frame parts that connect the upper frame part and the lower frame part. The work support apparatus according to claim 1.   The work support device according to claim 1, wherein the second support member is configured by a belt member that connects the first support member and a safety belt attached to the waist. The first support member has a mounting protrusion protruding downward,
The second support member is an outerwear worn by the operator, and is provided on the upper part of the back body and a stopper that fixes the waistline or the waistline in a contracted state, and the attachment projection is fixed. The work support device according to claim 1, further comprising a protrusion fixing portion.

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