JP2015120128A - Waste water purification material - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は廃水を浄化するための材料に関し、特に排水中の有機性油分を分解して浄化するための材料に関する。 The present invention relates to a material for purifying wastewater, and more particularly to a material for decomposing and purifying organic oil in wastewater.
廃水中に含まれ、n−ヘキサン抽出物として測定される有機性油分は、飲食店などの廃水に多量に含まれ、有機性油分が浄化されることなく河川に流入した廃水は、河川のBOD値を大きくするだけでなく、川底に汚泥を沈殿堆積させて、ヘドロの発生を引き起こす。そのため、有機性油分が含まれる廃水を簡便に浄化できる材料が望まれている。本発明では、このような廃水中の有機性油分を酸化分解し、かつ汚泥も分解できる廃水浄化材を提供しようとするものである。 Organic oil contained in wastewater and measured as an n-hexane extract is contained in a large amount in wastewater from restaurants, etc., and wastewater that flows into the river without purification of organic oil is the BOD of the river. In addition to increasing the value, sludge is deposited on the riverbed, causing sludge. Therefore, a material that can easily purify wastewater containing organic oil is desired. The present invention intends to provide a waste water purifying material capable of oxidizing and decomposing organic oil in such waste water and decomposing sludge.
漂白剤や除菌剤として使用される過炭酸ナトリウムを、洗浄剤として用いて、台所・洗面所・浴室等の廃水口や洗濯機等のヌメリや汚れを除去することが行われている。この過炭酸ナトリウムを主成分とする洗浄剤は、パイプやトラップ中の水に溶かすか、別途水に溶かした溶液をパイプなどに流し込む方法で使用される。この方法では、洗浄剤の作用は一時的に発揮され、蓄積された汚れ等を分解除去するものであり、廃水に対して継続的に作用するものではなく、水に溶かした際に発生する酸素による酸化作用を利用している。 Sodium percarbonate used as a bleaching agent or disinfectant is used as a cleaning agent to remove slime and dirt from waste water outlets and washing machines in kitchens, washrooms, bathrooms, and the like. This detergent containing sodium percarbonate as a main component is used by a method in which it is dissolved in water in a pipe or trap, or a solution dissolved in water is poured into the pipe. In this method, the action of the cleaning agent is temporarily exerted to decompose and remove accumulated dirt, etc., and does not act continuously on wastewater, but oxygen generated when dissolved in water. Utilizes the oxidation effect of.
一方、特許文献1には光酸化触媒の酸化チタンの表面に多孔質リン酸カルシウム膜を形成させた環境浄化材が提案されており、この浄化材に光照射することにより、空気中の有害物質或いは水中に溶解している有機溶剤や農薬などの環境を汚染している有機化合物を分解除去できることが示されている。しかし、この環境浄化材は汚染物質濃度が低い場合には有効であるが、汚染物質濃度が高い場合には、効果は必ずしも十分ではなかった。 On the other hand, Patent Document 1 proposes an environmental purification material in which a porous calcium phosphate film is formed on the surface of titanium oxide as a photo-oxidation catalyst. By irradiating the purification material with light, harmful substances in the air or water It has been shown that organic compounds that contaminate the environment, such as organic solvents and pesticides, can be decomposed and removed. However, this environmental purification material is effective when the pollutant concentration is low, but the effect is not always sufficient when the pollutant concentration is high.
また、特許文献2には二酸化チタン光触媒と固体状の過酸化物(過ホウ酸化合物又は過炭酸化合物)とを混合させた光触媒複合材料を紫外・可視光下で活性を有する抗菌・抗カビ剤が提案されている。そして、この複合材料の粉末を水に対して1〜0.01%入れた溶液として用い、噴霧用スプレーに収納して噴霧したり、容器に収納し光照射を行ったりして、医療用具、衣類、食器などに付着した菌や、大気中や水中に浮遊する菌・カビの除去を行うことが示されている。しかし、この複合材料を廃水中の有機性油分や汚泥の分解除去に適用した場合には、十分な効果は得られない。 Patent Document 2 discloses an antibacterial / antifungal agent having a photocatalytic composite material obtained by mixing a titanium dioxide photocatalyst and a solid peroxide (perboric acid compound or percarbonate compound) under ultraviolet / visible light. Has been proposed. And this powder of composite material is used as a solution containing 1 to 0.01% of water, stored in a spray for spraying, or stored in a container and irradiated with light, medical device, It has been shown to remove bacteria attached to clothing, tableware, etc., and bacteria and molds floating in the air and water. However, when this composite material is applied to decompose and remove organic oil and sludge in wastewater, sufficient effects cannot be obtained.
本発明の課題は、廃水中に投入しても、長時間その形状を保ち、廃水中の有機性油分を酸化分解し、かつ汚泥も分解する作用を長時間継続できる廃水浄化材を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a wastewater purification material that can maintain its shape for a long time even when it is put into wastewater, oxidatively decompose organic oil in the wastewater, and continue the action of decomposing sludge. It is.
本発明の廃水浄化材は、酸化チタン1%〜10%と、過炭酸ナトリウム45%〜85%と、金属石鹸10%〜50%とを含有し、必要に応じてその他の添加物が加えられた固体混合物を、加熱圧縮することにより成型されたものである。 The waste water purification material of the present invention contains 1% to 10% titanium oxide, 45% to 85% sodium percarbonate, and 10% to 50% metal soap, and other additives are added as necessary. The solid mixture was molded by heat compression.
また、上記金属石鹸が高級脂肪酸アルカリ土類金属塩であることが好ましく、特に好ましい高級脂肪酸アルカリ金属塩はステアリン酸カルシウムである。そして、添加物がヒドロキシ酸、リン酸塩及びケイ酸マグネシウムのいずれか、又は2以上の組み合わせであることが好ましく、さらに、ヒドロキシ酸がクエン酸であることが好ましい。 The metal soap is preferably a higher fatty acid alkaline earth metal salt, and a particularly preferred higher fatty acid alkali metal salt is calcium stearate. The additive is preferably any one of hydroxy acid, phosphate and magnesium silicate, or a combination of two or more, and the hydroxy acid is preferably citric acid.
また、上記した廃水浄化材は、固体混合物を、温度30℃〜80℃、プレス圧力9.8MPa(100kgf/cm2)〜68.6MPa(700kgf/cm2)の条件にて加熱圧縮して賦形されたものであることが好ましく、さらに、固体混合物に多孔質セラミックス体が加えられ、共に加熱圧縮することにより一体化して成型されている廃水浄化材であることが好ましい。 The above-mentioned waste water purification material is heated and compressed under conditions of a temperature of 30 ° C. to 80 ° C. and a press pressure of 9.8 MPa (100 kgf / cm 2 ) to 68.6 MPa (700 kgf / cm 2 ). Preferably, the waste water purification material is formed by adding a porous ceramic body to the solid mixture and integrally molding it by heating and compressing the solid mixture.
上記した廃水浄化材を用いた排水の浄化には、必ずしも必要とするものではないが、光源を用いて光照射をすることが有用であり、本廃水浄化材の酸化作用を促進することができる。 Although not necessarily required for the purification of wastewater using the above-mentioned wastewater purification material, it is useful to irradiate light using a light source, and the oxidation action of this wastewater purification material can be promoted. .
本発明の廃水浄化材は、過炭酸ナトリウムを主成分として含有するにもかかわらず、水中に投入しても、成型された形状が崩れることなく維持され、長時間にわたり、廃水中の有機性油分を酸化分解することができ、廃水浄化作用が長時間継続する。そのため、廃水中に廃水浄化材を投入し、継続的に浄化作用を行うことで、廃水中の油分の分解除去を充分に行うことができる。また、河川にヘドロ状に堆積した汚泥中にこの廃水浄化材を投入することで、汚泥を酸化分解することができ、汚泥の浄化も行うことができる。 Although the wastewater purification material of the present invention contains sodium percarbonate as a main component, even if it is put into water, the molded shape is maintained without breaking down, and the organic oil content in the wastewater is maintained for a long time. Can be oxidatively decomposed, and the wastewater purification action continues for a long time. Therefore, by disposing the waste water purification material in the waste water and continuously performing the purification action, the oil in the waste water can be sufficiently decomposed and removed. In addition, by introducing this wastewater purification material into sludge accumulated in a sludge in a river, the sludge can be oxidized and decomposed, and sludge can be purified.
さらに、本発明の廃水浄化材は光酸化触媒の機能も有しており、光源を用いて光照射することで、有機性油分や汚泥の酸化分解を促進することできる。そのため、廃水の浄化に際して、光照射という簡易な方法で浄化作用を促進することができる。 Furthermore, the wastewater purification material of the present invention also has a function of a photooxidation catalyst, and can oxidize and decompose organic oil and sludge by irradiating light with a light source. Therefore, when purifying wastewater, the purification action can be promoted by a simple method of light irradiation.
本発明においては、酸化チタン1%〜10%、好ましくは4%〜9%と、過炭酸ナトリウム45%〜85%、好ましくは45%〜75%と、金属石鹸10〜50%、好ましくは15%〜30%とを必須成分として含有し、必要に応じてその他の添加物が加えられた固体混合物を金型などに充填し、加熱圧縮して廃水浄化材に成型する。固体混合物としては粉末や顆粒の状態として用いられ、予め各成分を粉末又は顆粒としたものをミキサーで混合してもよいし、各成分を粉砕しながら混合して粉末や顆粒の固体混合物としてもよい。この場合、酸化チタンや過酸化ナトリウムの含有量が夫々の下限である1%、45%未満であると廃水浄化機能が低下して好ましくない。また、金属石鹸の含有量が10%未満では成型された廃水浄化材の水中での形状維持力が低下し、成分の過炭酸ナトリウムが溶出し、短時間でその形状が崩壊してしまい、廃水浄化材としての機能が発揮できない。一方、金属石鹸の含有量が50%を超えた場合には、有機性油分や汚泥に対する酸化分解機能が低下して好ましくない。 In the present invention, titanium oxide 1% to 10%, preferably 4% to 9%, sodium percarbonate 45% to 85%, preferably 45% to 75%, and metal soap 10 to 50%, preferably 15 A solid mixture containing 30% to 30% as an essential component and other additives added as necessary is filled in a mold and the like, heated and compressed, and formed into a wastewater purification material. As a solid mixture, it is used in the form of powder or granule, and each component may be mixed with powder or granule in advance with a mixer, or it may be mixed while pulverizing each component to obtain a solid mixture of powder or granule. Good. In this case, if the content of titanium oxide or sodium peroxide is less than 1% or 45%, which is the lower limit, the wastewater purification function is undesirably lowered. In addition, when the content of the metal soap is less than 10%, the shape retention ability of the molded wastewater purification material in water is reduced, the component sodium percarbonate is eluted, the shape collapses in a short time, and the wastewater The function as a purification material cannot be demonstrated. On the other hand, when the content of the metal soap exceeds 50%, the oxidative decomposition function with respect to organic oil and sludge is lowered, which is not preferable.
固体混合物の成分として用いられる酸化チタンとしてはアナターゼやルチルなどの結晶や無定形であってもよく、粉末にして用いられる。過炭酸ナトリウムは炭酸ナトリウムと過酸化水素との付加物であり、化学式としてはNa2CO3・3/2H2O2で示され、粉末ないしは顆粒として用いられる。この場合、過炭酸ナトリウム粒子の表面がケイ酸塩類、硫酸マグネシウム、リン酸塩などの無機物や有機酸、有機アミンなどの有機物で被覆されている過炭酸ナトリウムも用いることができる。 The titanium oxide used as a component of the solid mixture may be a crystal such as anatase or rutile or amorphous, and is used as a powder. Sodium percarbonate is an adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, represented by the chemical formula Na 2 CO 3 .3 / 2H 2 O 2 and used as powder or granules. In this case, sodium percarbonate in which the surface of the sodium percarbonate particles is coated with an inorganic substance such as silicates, magnesium sulfate, or phosphate, or an organic substance such as an organic acid or an organic amine can also be used.
金属石鹸はステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、ミリスチン酸、ラウリル酸などの高級脂肪酸の非アルカリ金属塩であり、特にマグネシウム、カルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属塩が好ましく用いられ、より好ましい金属石鹸はステアリン酸カルシウムである。このステアリン酸カルシウムを構成する脂肪酸としては、脂肪から誘導されたものであり、ステアリン酸とパルミチン酸との混合物であってもよく、その組成としてはステアリン酸が40%以上であることが好ましい。金属石鹸も同様に粉末又は顆粒にして用いられる。 The metal soap is a non-alkali metal salt of a higher fatty acid such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, in particular, an alkaline earth metal salt such as magnesium or calcium is preferably used, and a more preferable metal soap is calcium stearate. is there. The fatty acid constituting the calcium stearate is derived from fat and may be a mixture of stearic acid and palmitic acid, and the composition is preferably 40% or more of stearic acid. Metal soap is similarly used in the form of powder or granules.
固体混合物に加えられる添加物としては、ヒドロキシ酸、リン酸塩及びケイ酸マグネシウムのいずれか、又は2以上の組み合わせであり、添加量は合計で10%以下であることが好ましい。ヒドロキシ酸としては、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸などが用いられるが、クエン酸が特に好ましい。リン酸塩としてはオルトリン酸或いは、ポリリン酸又はメタリン酸などの縮合リン酸を含むリン酸の金属塩であり、ナトリウム塩、カルシウム塩などが用いられる。特に、クエン酸とケイ酸マグネシウムの組み合わせが好ましく、さらに、それに加えてリン酸ナトリウムを組み合わせることが好ましい。 The additive added to the solid mixture is any one of hydroxy acid, phosphate and magnesium silicate, or a combination of two or more, and the addition amount is preferably 10% or less in total. As the hydroxy acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and the like are used, and citric acid is particularly preferable. The phosphate is a metal salt of phosphoric acid containing orthophosphoric acid or condensed phosphoric acid such as polyphosphoric acid or metaphosphoric acid, and sodium salt, calcium salt, etc. are used. In particular, a combination of citric acid and magnesium silicate is preferable, and in addition, it is preferable to combine sodium phosphate.
上記した化合物により構成される粉末又は顆粒の固体混合物は、前述のように予めそれぞれの各化合物を粉末又は顆粒とし、それらをミキサーにより十分に混合して作成してもよいし、各成分を粉砕しながら混合して粉末や顆粒の固体混合物としてもよい。次いで、得られた固体混合物を金型などに充填し加熱圧縮し成型することで、廃水浄化材が作成できる。この時の加熱圧縮の条件としては、温度30℃〜80℃、プレス圧力9.8MPa〜68.6MPaの範囲である。この範囲の条件にて成型を行い、成型された廃水浄化材は水中に投入されても、形状が崩れることなく少なくとも15日以上その形状を維持するようにする。このように成型された廃水浄化材は、長時間にわたり、廃水中の有機性油分を酸化分解することができ、廃水浄化作用が長時間継続する。 The solid mixture of powders or granules composed of the above-mentioned compounds may be prepared by previously preparing each compound as powder or granules and mixing them thoroughly with a mixer as described above, or pulverizing each component It is good also as a solid mixture of a powder and a granule, mixing it. Next, the waste water purification material can be prepared by filling the obtained solid mixture into a mold, etc., heating and compressing and molding. The heating and compression conditions at this time are a temperature of 30 ° C. to 80 ° C. and a press pressure of 9.8 MPa to 68.6 MPa. Molding is performed under the conditions in this range, and the molded wastewater purifying material is maintained in its shape for at least 15 days without losing its shape even when it is put into water. The wastewater purification material thus molded can oxidize and decompose organic oil in wastewater for a long time, and the wastewater purification action continues for a long time.
成型される廃水浄化材の形状や大きさは、特に限定されることはなく、対象とする廃水の置かれた状況に応じて適宜選択でき、円柱状、円盤状、球体、回転楕円体、四面体、テトラポット状、棒状、板状などに成形することができる。 The shape and size of the wastewater purification material to be molded is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the situation where the target wastewater is placed, and can be a cylinder, a disk, a sphere, a spheroid, four sides It can be formed into a body, tetrapot shape, rod shape, plate shape or the like.
さらに、粉末又は顆粒の固体混合物中に多孔質セラミック体を入れて、廃水浄化材を成型することも有用である。多孔質セラミック体と一体化して成型されることで、廃水浄化材が多孔質体となり、廃水と接する表面積が増大し、廃水浄化作用が強化される。一体成型される多孔質セラミック体としては、レンガ、植木鉢などの素焼陶器、アルミナ、シリカを多孔質体に焼成したセラミックなどであり、その形状も特に限定されず、それらの破片であってもよい。多孔質セラミックス体の大きさは、成型される廃水浄化材の容積の半分以下とすることが廃水浄化機能の面から好ましい。また、セラミック体を一体化することにより、廃水浄化材の平均比重も大きくなり、安定して水中に沈めることができ、浄化機能の発揮にも寄与する。 It is also useful to form a waste water purification material by placing a porous ceramic body in a solid mixture of powder or granules. By being molded integrally with the porous ceramic body, the waste water purification material becomes a porous body, the surface area in contact with the waste water is increased, and the waste water purification action is enhanced. Examples of the porous ceramic body that is integrally molded include clay, ceramic pots such as bricks and flower pots, alumina, and silica that are fired into a porous body. The shape of the porous ceramic body is not particularly limited, and fragments thereof may be used. . The size of the porous ceramic body is preferably less than half of the volume of the wastewater purification material to be molded from the viewpoint of the wastewater purification function. In addition, by integrating the ceramic body, the average specific gravity of the wastewater purification material is increased, and the wastewater purification material can be stably submerged in water, contributing to the purification function.
(実施例)
次に示した成分組成の固体混合物を、直径2.5cm、高さ1.2cmの円柱状錠剤型に充填し、温度60℃、圧力49MPaで加熱圧縮し、廃水浄化材を成型した。
固体混合物 (下記各成分の粉末をミキサーにて十分に混合)
酸化チタン 8g
過炭酸ナトリウム 63g
ステアリン酸カルシウム 20g
クエン酸 3g
リン酸ナトリウム 3g
ケイ酸マグネシウム 3g
得られた廃水浄化材を飲食店からの廃水路にある縦120cm、横60cm、深さ100cmのピットに60cmの深さに溜まっている廃水中に30個投入した。一ケ月経過した後も廃水浄化材はほぼ元の形状を維持していた。また、ピットからの流出口で排水のn−ヘキサン抽出物の測定を行った結果、廃水浄化材を投入する前の値は190,000ppmであったが、7日後には470ppmとなり、さらに7日後には390ppmとなっていた。
(Example)
A solid mixture having the following component composition was filled into a cylindrical tablet mold having a diameter of 2.5 cm and a height of 1.2 cm, and heated and compressed at a temperature of 60 ° C. and a pressure of 49 MPa to form a waste water purification material.
Solid mixture (Powder of each component below is thoroughly mixed with a mixer)
Titanium oxide 8g
63g sodium percarbonate
20g calcium stearate
Citric acid 3g
Sodium phosphate 3g
Magnesium silicate 3g
Thirty of the obtained waste water purification materials were put into waste water collected at a depth of 60 cm in a pit having a length of 120 cm, a width of 60 cm, and a depth of 100 cm in a waste water channel from a restaurant. Even after a month has passed, the wastewater purification material has maintained its original shape. Moreover, as a result of measuring the n-hexane extract of the wastewater at the outlet from the pit, the value before introducing the waste water purification material was 190,000 ppm, but after 7 days it became 470 ppm, and further 7 days Later it was 390 ppm.
本発明の廃水浄化材は、廃水中の有機性油分の酸化分解に効果があるだけでなく、汚泥の処理にも有効である。さらに、廃水の除菌にも有効であり、廃水の処理材として有用なものである。 The wastewater purification material of the present invention is effective not only for the oxidative decomposition of organic oil in wastewater but also for the treatment of sludge. Furthermore, it is effective for sterilization of wastewater and is useful as a wastewater treatment material.
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US20050263460A1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-01 | Regenesis Bioremediation Products, Inc. | Enhanced oxidation process for removal of water and soil contaminants |
JP2009291668A (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-17 | Hiroshima Univ | Water area environment improving material and its use |
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JPS5879591A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-05-13 | エフ・エム・シ−・コ−ポレ−シヨン | Method of preparing sulfide in aqueous system |
JP2001506219A (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 2001-05-15 | ゾルファイ インテロックス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Preparation of sodium percarbonate |
JPH11158016A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-15 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | Sodium percarbonate-containing composition |
WO2002004360A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-17 | Microbar Inc. | Method of treating semiconductor waste waters |
JP2003081724A (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2003-03-19 | Misuzu Shokai:Kk | Environmental sterilizer and sliminess-preventing tool |
JP2003334454A (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-11-25 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Ultraviolet/visible light-sensitive catalyst |
US20050263460A1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-01 | Regenesis Bioremediation Products, Inc. | Enhanced oxidation process for removal of water and soil contaminants |
JP2009291668A (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-17 | Hiroshima Univ | Water area environment improving material and its use |
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WO2018232874A1 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-12-27 | 谭启善 | Ecological purification treatment agent for industrial wastewater |
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