JP2015104632A - Dialysis system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dialysis system in which not only a base pipe for dialysis but also branch pipes are more surely sterilized by heat.SOLUTION: A dialysis system 10 comprises: one or more dialysis machines 20; a dialysate delivery system 16 which delivers dialysate to the dialysis machines 20; a loop-shaped base pipe 24 for dialysis which circulates liquid for dialysis delivered from the dialysate delivery system 16; one or more branch pipes 26 which connect the base pipe 24 for dialysis to the respective dialysis machines 20; and a heater unit 15 for heating which heats the liquid for dialysis flowing in the base pipe 24 for the dialysis. The dialysate delivery system 16 outputs cleaning fluid instead of the liquid for dialysis when cleaning and/or sterilizing the piping unit. The branch pipes 26 include one or more respective loop-shaped by-pass pipes 28 which come from and return to the base pipe 24 for dialysis.

Description

  The present invention includes one or more dialysis apparatuses, a liquid supply apparatus that supplies dialysate or water to the one or more dialysis apparatuses, and a pipe that connects the liquid supply apparatus and the one or more dialysis apparatuses. In particular, the present invention relates to a dialysis system having a pipe disinfection function.

  Conventionally, in order to simultaneously perform hemodialysis treatment for a plurality of patients, a dialysis apparatus including a plurality of dialysis apparatuses and a liquid supply apparatus that supplies each dialysis apparatus with dialysate or water for generating dialysate. A system is widely known (for example, Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a conventional dialysis system 10. As shown in FIG. 7, the dialysate supply device 16 is connected to a plurality of dialyzers 20 via piping. The dialysis mother pipe 24 is a pipe through which the dialysate sent from the dialysate supply device 16 flows. The dialysis mother pipe 24 is a loop pipe that circulates the dialysate sent from the dialysate supply device 16 through the heater unit 15. A plurality of branch pipes 26 are branched from the dialysis mother pipe 24, and the dialysate is sent to each dialyzer 20 through the branch pipes 26.

  In such a dialysis system 10, it is necessary to clean and disinfect piping through which dialysate and the like flow periodically or as necessary. Therefore, conventionally, techniques for cleaning and disinfecting piping using heated cleaning water have been used. Specifically, the wash water sent from the dialysate supply device 16 (specifically, hot water containing citric acid) is circulated and heated by the heater unit 15, and this heated wash solution is used as the dialysate. Instead, the pipe was heated, washed and disinfected. Such cleaning and disinfection with a heated cleaning liquid has an excellent advantage that it can be disinfected by a heat transfer action even in a place where the heated cleaning liquid is difficult to reach or where the cleaning liquid does not contact.

JP 2004-16412 A

  By the way, in order to sterilize harmful bacteria with the heated washing water, the disinfection part, that is, the entire piping must be maintained at a high temperature for a sufficient time. However, in the conventional dialysis system 10, it is difficult to maintain each branch pipe 26 at a high temperature. As a result, in order to disinfect the branch pipe 26 with heated washing water, the dialysate supply device 16 has a liquid feeding capability. It had the problem of taking time.

  That is, the temperature of the heated washing liquid sent from the dialysate supply device 16 gradually decreases in the process of flowing through the piping. However, even when the temperature of the heated washing liquid that has flowed into the dialysis mother pipe 24 drops, it returns to the heater unit 15 and is reheated. That is, since the heated washing liquid flowing in the dialysis mother pipe 24 is periodically reheated, it is easy to maintain the dialysis mother pipe 24 at a high temperature. On the other hand, after a certain amount of heated washing liquid is supplied through the branch pipe 26, the dialysis apparatus 20 performs circulation disinfection while maintaining the washing liquid at a high temperature with a heater provided in the dialysis apparatus 20. The heated cleaning liquid of the branch pipe 26 is in a staying state. For this reason, the heat washing liquid staying in the branch pipe 26 is only radiated. Of course, although there is some heat transfer from the heated washing liquid of the dialysis mother tube 24, it is difficult to maintain the heated washing liquid flowing in the branch pipe 26 at a high temperature because the amount of heat transferred is small. Here, the time required for heat disinfection is inversely proportional to the temperature. Therefore, it took a lot of time to surely disinfect the branch pipes that are difficult to maintain at a high temperature.

  Therefore, as another technique, it is also considered that the dialysis mother pipe 24 is pulled to the vicinity of each dialysis apparatus 20 to shorten the distance of the branch pipe 26 as much as possible. By shortening the branch pipe 26, heat from the dialysis mother pipe 24 reaches the entire branch pipe 26 in a relatively short time, and consequently, the disinfection time can be shortened. However, the dialysis mother tube 24 has a larger diameter than the branch tube 26. The large diameter dialysis mother tube 24 is very disturbing for doctors, nurses, and patients who act in the vicinity of the dialysis machine 20.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a dialysis system in which not only the dialysis mother pipe but also the branch pipe connecting the dialysis mother pipe and each dialysis device can be more reliably heat-disinfected.

  The dialysis system of the present invention includes one or more dialysis apparatuses, a liquid supply apparatus that supplies dialysis liquid to the one or more dialysis apparatuses, and a loop-shaped dialysis circuit that circulates the dialysis liquid that is discharged from the liquid supply apparatus. A mother pipe, one or more branch pipes connecting the dialysis mother pipe and each dialysis device, and a heater for heating the dialysis liquid flowing in the dialysis mother pipe, the liquid supply device comprising: When washing and / or disinfecting the dialysis mother pipe and branch pipe, the washing liquid is output instead of the dialysis liquid, and the branch pipe exits from the dialysis mother pipe and flows into the dialysis mother pipe. It has one or more bypass pipes in the form of loops to return.

  In a preferred aspect, the distributor further connects both ends of the bypass pipe and the dialysis mother pipe, and creates a differential pressure between the upstream end and the downstream end of the bypass pipe, thereby And a distributor for generating a flow from the upstream end to the downstream end.

  In this case, the distributor is a main flow path that functions as a part of the dialysis mother pipe, and a flow path that opens toward the upstream side of the main flow path in the main flow path. A starting flow path to which an upstream end of a pipe is connected, and a flow path that opens toward the downstream side of the main flow path in the main flow path, the return flow path being connected to the downstream end of the bypass pipe It is desirable to comprise. In this case, each of the starting flow path and the return flow path is a through-hole formed in a cylindrical body that is inserted in a direction orthogonal to the flow of the main flow path, and the cylindrical body is the main flow path. It is desirable that the tip that enters the flow path has a substantially frustum shape. It is also desirable that the distributor has a plane symmetrical shape with respect to a plane orthogonal to the flow of the main flow path.

  In another preferred aspect, the branch pipe further includes a connecting pipe that connects the bypass pipe and the dialysis apparatus, and the bypass pipe and the connecting pipe are connected by a joint made of, for example, a metal material. .

  The dialysis liquid is a dialysis liquid or a liquid used for generating the dialysis liquid, for example, a diluting liquid (water or the like). Moreover, washing | cleaning means wash | cleaning the inside of piping using a washing | cleaning liquid (water or an acid) in piping, or melt | dissolving the carbonate which precipitates from a dialysate. The disinfection means killing (sterilizing) bacteria in the pipe. It can be said that the method of flowing hot water citric acid in the pipe is a method of both cleaning and disinfection (disinfection with heat, dissolution of carbonate with citric acid).

  According to the present invention, since a part of the branch pipe connecting the dialysis mother pipe and the dialysis apparatus is configured by the loop-shaped bypass pipe, a part of the heated washing liquid flowing in the dialysis mother pipe is It also flows in the branch pipe and circulates. As a result, the branch pipe can also be disinfected by heat.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the dialysis system which is embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional perspective view of a divider | distributor. It is sectional drawing of a divider | distributor. It is a decomposition | disassembly top view of a divider | distributor. It is a figure which shows the connection part of a bypass pipe and a connection pipe. It is a figure which shows the structure of another dialysis system. It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional dialysis system.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration block diagram of a dialysis system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The dialysis system 10 dissolves, mixes and dilutes two kinds of powder dialysis solvents (powder A agent and powder B agent) to generate a dialysis solution, and dialysis for dialysis treatment of the generated dialysis solution to a patient. A system for supplying to a device (also called “dialysis monitoring device”) 20.

  The dialysis system 10 includes a reverse osmosis device 12 (hereinafter referred to as “RO device 12”), a dialysis solvent dissolving device 14, a heater unit 15, a dialysate supply device 16 installed in a machine room in a dialysis facility such as a hospital, And a plurality of dialysis machines 20 installed in a dialysis room separated from the machine room.

  The RO device 12 removes impurities from water using a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane), and generates high purity RO water. The generated RO water is supplied to the dialysis solvent dissolving apparatus 14 and the dialysate supply apparatus 16 via the water supply line 22. As shown in the figure, the water supply line 22 has a loop shape that exits from the RO device 12 and then returns to the RO device 12. In this embodiment, high-purity water is generated using the RO device 12, but other devices may be used as long as high-purity water is obtained.

  The dialysis solvent dissolving apparatus 14 dissolves the agent A and the agent B, which are powder dialysis solvents, with RO water. Here, the agent A is an agent containing an electrolyte component (for example, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium acetate), a pH adjuster (for example, acetic acid), a sugar (for example, glucose) and the like. Moreover, B agent is a chemical | medical agent containing sodium bicarbonate etc. The liquids obtained by dissolving the powder A agent and the powder B agent are respectively supplied to the dialysate supply device 16 through the dialysate supply solution supply line 23 as A stock solution and B stock solution.

  The dialysate supply device 16 functions as a liquid supply device that outputs dialysate, and mixes the A stock solution, the B stock solution, and the RO water at a predetermined ratio to generate a dialysate having a predetermined concentration. The generated dialysate is subjected to concentration measurement as necessary, and then supplied to the plurality of dialyzers 20 via the dialysis mother pipe 24 and the branch pipe 26. The dialysis mother tube 24 has a loop shape that returns to the heater unit 15 after the dialysate is fed from the dialysate supply device 16. The dialysis mother tube 24 has a relatively large diameter and is routed in the machine room. The heater unit 15 may be provided with a filtration device for filtering the dialysate flowing back through the dialysis mother pipe 24 and outputting it again.

  The branch pipe 26 is a pipe that branches from the dialysis mother pipe 24 and guides the dialysate to each dialysis apparatus 20. In this embodiment, the branch pipe 26 is branched from the dialysis mother pipe 24, and then returned to the dialysis mother pipe 24, and the branch pipe 26 is branched from the bypass pipe 28 to the dialysis apparatus 20. This is constituted by the connecting pipe 30, which will be described in detail later.

  By the way, in such a dialysis system, it is necessary to clean and disinfect the pipes periodically or as necessary. Conventionally, cleaning and disinfection with heated cleaning water has been adopted as a method for cleaning and disinfecting piping. This is a cleaning and disinfection method in which the cleaning liquid or disinfecting water heated by the heater 18 is passed through the piping instead of the RO water or dialysate. The piping is sterilized by heat by continuing to flow the heated cleaning liquid and disinfecting water for a certain period of time. Note that it is desirable to use water, citric acid water, or the like as the cleaning liquid. Such disinfection with heated cleaning water has an excellent advantage that it is possible to disinfect by a heat transfer action even in a place where the cleaning liquid is difficult to get around and where the cleaning liquid does not contact. In order to avoid heat radiation to the outside, the dialysis mother pipe 24 and the branch pipe 26 are usually covered with a cover made of a heat insulating material.

  However, the conventional dialysis system has a problem that it takes time to clean and disinfect the branch pipe 26 branched from the dialysis mother pipe 24 to each dialysis apparatus 20. That is, in the case of a loop-like pipe such as the dialysis mother pipe 24, the cleaning liquid flowing in the pipe is periodically returned to the heater unit 15 and reheated. Therefore, the heated washing liquid flowing through the dialysis mother pipe 24 is kept at a high temperature. On the other hand, conventionally, the branch pipe 26 branched from the dialysis mother pipe 24 is not provided with a loop-like pipe, and has only one-way pipe. Therefore, the heated cleaning liquid flowing into the branch pipe 26 stays in the branch pipe 26 and is not reheated. Of course, the entire pipe including the branch pipe 26 is made of a material having a high heat insulating property in order to avoid heat dissipation. Further, there is some heat transfer from the heated washing liquid of the dialysis mother tube 24. However, it has been difficult to maintain the heated washing liquid flowing in the branch pipe 26 at a high temperature only by devising the piping material and transferring heat from the washing liquid of the dialysis mother pipe 24.

  Here, in general, the time required for heat disinfection is inversely proportional to the temperature. Therefore, when the temperature of the heated cleaning liquid in the branch pipe 26 is lowered, the time required for disinfection is increased accordingly. Conventionally, in order to avoid such a problem, disinfection with a chemical solution is performed in addition to heat disinfection with a heated cleaning solution, which is very complicated. As another solution, the dialysis mother pipe 24 is routed to the vicinity of the dialyzer, and the distance of the branch pipe 26 is shortened. By shortening the branch pipe 26, the heat transmitted from the heated washing solution of the dialysis mother pipe 24 is spread over the entire branch pipe 26 in a relatively short time. However, if the branch pipe 26 is shortened, for example, the degree of freedom in changing the layout of the dialysis apparatus 20 is reduced, which inconveniences the medical staff.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to avoid such a problem, a part of the branch pipe 26 branched from the dialysis mother pipe 24 is constituted by a loop-shaped bypass pipe 28. The bypass pipe 28 is routed to the vicinity of the dialyzer 20 and is configured so that the connecting pipe 30 that is a one-way pipe is as short as possible. Further, since the bypass pipe 28 has a small diameter comparable to that of the conventional branch pipe 26, there is no problem when the dialyzer 20 is handled in the dialysis chamber.

  When such a loop-shaped bypass pipe 28 is provided, a part of the high-temperature washing solution flowing in the dialysis mother pipe 24 flows into the bypass pipe 28 and then returns to the dialysis mother pipe 24. It returns to the heater unit 15 and is reheated. In other words, the cleaning liquid does not stay in the bypass pipe 28, and the heated cleaning liquid is continuously supplied to the bypass pipe 28 as needed. As a result, not only the dialysis mother pipe 24 but also the cleaning liquid in the bypass pipe 28 can be maintained at a high temperature, and cleaning and disinfection can be completed in a relatively short time. It is desirable to cover the bypass pipe 28 with a cover made of a heat insulating material.

  Since the connecting pipe 30 is a one-way line, the cleaning liquid stays in the connecting pipe 30. However, since the connecting pipe 30 in this embodiment is very short, the heat transmitted from the bypass pipe 28 spreads over the entire connecting pipe 30 in a relatively short time. That is, according to the present embodiment, the entire branch pipe 26 can be easily maintained at a high temperature, and as a result, the time required for heat disinfection of the branch pipe 26 can be shortened.

  However, in the case where the bypass pipe 28 is directly attached to the dialysis mother pipe 24, the inflow of the cleaning liquid from the dialysis mother pipe 24 to the bypass pipe 28 and the dialysis mother pipe 24 to the dialysis mother pipe 24. It is difficult for the cleaning liquid to reflux, and the cleaning liquid tends to stay in the bypass pipe 28. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a distributor 32 is provided that generates a differential pressure between the upstream end and the downstream end of the bypass pipe 28 and thereby generates a flow from the upstream end to the downstream end in the bypass pipe 28. The distributor 32 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the distributor 32. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the distributor 32. FIG. 4 is an exploded top view of the distributor 32. The distributor 32 is provided in the middle of the dialysis mother pipe 24 and is a joint to which the upstream end and the downstream end of the bypass pipe 28 are respectively connected. The distributor 32 includes a main body 34 in which a main flow path 36 is formed, a starting cylinder 37S constituting a starting flow path 42S, and a returning cylinder 37R constituting a return flow path 42R. As described below, the configuration related to the starting cylinder 37S and the configuration related to the return cylinder 37R are basically the same. Therefore, in the description of the configuration related to the departure cylinder 37S and the return cylinder 37R, the reference numerals R and S are omitted for the description that does not require distinction between the departure cylinder and the return cylinder.

  The main body 34 is formed with a through-hole penetrating linearly from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction. This through-hole constitutes a part of the flow path of the dialysis mother pipe 24 by press-fitting and connecting the end portions of the dialysis mother pipe 24 to both ends thereof, and functions as the main flow path 36.

  The main body 34 is formed with a starting insertion hole 38S and a return insertion hole 38R extending in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the main flow path 36. The two insertion holes 38S and 38R are holes into which the starting cylinder 37S and the return cylinder 37R are inserted, and are arranged at intervals in the flow direction of the main flow path 36. A female screw 40 for attaching the cylindrical body 37 to the main body 34 is formed on the surface from which the insertion hole 38 is removed. The main body 34 is preferably made of a material having a certain degree of rigidity, for example, a metal or the like, in view of receiving the screwing of the screw. However, if the main body 34 can be screwed, the main body 34 is made of a highly heat insulating material such as a resin. It is also desirable to When made of a material having high heat conductivity such as metal, it is desirable to cover the entire distributor 32 including the main body 34 with a cover made of a heat insulating material.

  The starting cylinder 37S and the return cylinder 37R have the same shape. Both the cylinders 37 have a substantially cylindrical shape, and a flange 44 projecting outward is formed at the upper end thereof. A fastening hole 46 through which a fastening screw is inserted is formed in the flange 44 at a position corresponding to the female screw 40 of the main body 34. The through hole formed inside the cylindrical body 37 functions as the starting flow path 42S or the return flow path 42R. The starting flow path 42 </ b> S and the return flow path 42 </ b> R extend in the axial direction downward from the upper end of the cylindrical body 37, and then bend in a direction approaching parallel to the flow of the main flow path 36 near the tip of the cylindrical body 37. In addition, the cylindrical body 37 is missing on one surface. Here, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the tip of the cylindrical body 37 is formed in a substantially frustum shape. Therefore, both the starting flow path 42 </ b> S and the return flow path 42 </ b> R pass through a tapered surface that forms a substantially frustum at the tip of the cylindrical body 37. Thus, the reason why the tip of the cylindrical body 37 has a substantially frustum shape is to reduce the flow resistance in the main flow path 36.

  The outer diameter of the cylindrical body 37 is substantially the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of the insertion hole 38, and the cylindrical body 37 is inserted into the insertion hole 38. At this time, a sealing material such as an O-ring 50 is disposed between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 37 and the inner peripheral surface of the insertion hole 38 to prevent liquid from leaking to the outside. Moreover, the cylindrical body 37 is inserted in the insertion hole 38 so that the opening 48 formed in each front-end | tip faces the mutually opposite side.

  That is, the cylindrical body 37S positioned on the upstream side of the main flow path 36 (upstream side of the flow of the dialysis mother pipe 24) is positioned on the downstream side of the main flow path 36 so that the opening 48S at the tip faces the upstream side. The cylindrical body 37R to be inserted is inserted into the insertion holes 38S and 38S so that the opening 48R at the front end faces the downstream side. In order to define the insertion direction of the cylindrical body 37, a plurality of fastening holes 46 and female screws 40 are formed in a 180-degree rotationally asymmetric arrangement on the upper surface of the flange 44 and the main body 34 of the cylindrical body 37. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, three fastening holes 46 are formed in the flange 44 of the cylindrical body 37 at intervals of 120 degrees, for example. Three female screws 40 are also formed around the insertion hole 38 of the main body 34 at intervals of 120 degrees, for example. However, the female screw 40R around the downstream insertion hole 38R is rotated 180 degrees with respect to the female screw 40S around the upstream insertion hole 38S. Accordingly, when the cylindrical body 37 is attached to the main body 34 with the fastening hole 46 aligned with the female screw 40, the downstream side cylindrical body 37R is always attached in a direction rotated by 180 degrees with respect to the upstream side cylindrical body 37S. It is done. As a result, the respective openings 48S are opposite to each other.

  Further, the main body 34 of the present embodiment is bilaterally symmetric (plane symmetric with respect to a plane orthogonal to the flow of the main flow path), and two cylindrical bodies 37 having the same shape are attached to the main body 34 in opposite directions. Accordingly, the distributor 32 having the cylindrical body 37 attached to the main body 34 is symmetrical. Therefore, the distributor 32 maintains the same shape regardless of whether one end thereof is connected to either the upstream side or the downstream side of the dialysis mother pipe 24. That is, the distributor 32 of the present embodiment can be easily attached to the dialysis mother tube 24 without considering the direction thereof. Further, as described above, since the cylindrical body 37 can be attached only in an appropriate direction, it is not necessary to consider the orientation when attaching the cylindrical body 37 to the main body 34, and an attachment error can be reliably prevented. .

  Next, the flow of the liquid when the distributor 32 is connected to the dialysis mother tube 24 will be described. The liquid (dialysate or washing liquid) sent from the dialysate supply device 16 via the heater unit 15 proceeds from the upstream side to the downstream side along the dialysis mother pipe 24, but in the middle of the distributor 32. Into the main flow path 36. A part of the liquid that has flowed into the main flow path 36 enters the start flow path 42S that is located on the upstream side and opens to the upstream side. At this time, since the opening of the starting flow path 42S is almost directly opposite to the flow of the main flow path 36, the total pressure of the flow is generated. On the other hand, the opening of the return flow path 42R located on the downstream side opens in the same direction as the flow, is hardly affected by the flow, and generates only a static pressure smaller than the total pressure. That is, a differential pressure between the total pressure and the static pressure is generated between the starting flow path 42S and the return flow path 42R. The liquid that has flowed into the starting flow path 42S flows toward the return flow path 42R due to the drawing action that occurs in the differential pressure in addition to the flow rate of itself. Finally, the return flow path 42R returns to the main flow path 36. As described above, in this embodiment, since a differential pressure is positively generated between the starting flow path 42S and the return flow path 42R, a reverse flow from the main flow path 36 to the return flow path 42R, a bypass pipe, or the like. No stagnation or the like in 28 occurs, and a lubricous flow always occurs in the bypass pipe 28.

  In the present embodiment, the opening 48 (the end openings of the starting flow path 42S and the return flow path 42R) at the tip of the cylindrical body 37 is positioned near the approximate center of the main flow path 36. This is because the flow velocity and fluid pressure near the center are the highest. By positioning the opening 48S of the starting flow path 42S in the vicinity of the center where the flow velocity / flow pressure is high, the total pressure generated in the starting flow path 42S increases, and as a result, the starting flow path 42S and the return flow path 42R The differential pressure can be increased. As a result, the flow from the starting flow path 42S to the return flow path 42R can be more lubricated. However, as a matter of course, if the flow from the starting flow path 42S to the return flow path 42R occurs, the openings of the two flow paths 42R and 42S may be shifted from the center of the main flow path 36.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, new liquid is constantly supplied into the bypass pipe 28 and returned to the heater unit 15 via the main flow path 36. Since the liquid that is continuously supplied to the bypass pipe 28 at the time of cleaning the pipe body is the liquid reheated by the heater unit 15, it is possible to effectively prevent the temperature of the bypass pipe 28 from decreasing. As a result, the entire tubular body including the bypass pipe 28 can be heat sterilized in a relatively short time.

  Next, a connecting portion between the bypass pipe 28 and the connecting pipe 30 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a view showing a connecting portion between the bypass pipe 28 and the connecting pipe 30. In the present embodiment, the bypass pipe 28 is connected to the dialyzer 20 via a metal joint 52 and a connecting pipe 30. The connection pipe 30 is a pipe body having one end connected to the dialyzer 20. The connecting pipe 30 is preferably made of a material having high heat conductivity, such as metal, but may be made of a material having poor heat conductivity, such as resin, as long as the distance is short. The joint 52 is made of a highly heat conductive metal, for example, a member having corrosion resistance such as stainless steel. The joint 52 has a U-shaped part that constitutes a part of the bypass pipe 28 and a straight part that branches from the U-shaped part and functions as a part of the connecting pipe 30. The reason why the joint 52 is made of a metal material having high heat conductivity is to transfer heat to the connecting pipe 30. That is, as described above, the bypass pipe 28 is formed in a loop shape so that the heated cleaning liquid circulates. However, the connecting pipe 30 is a one-way flow path, and the cleaning liquid stays without circulating. To do. In this case, it is difficult to maintain the temperature necessary for heat disinfection. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the bypass pipe 28 through which the high-temperature cleaning liquid flows and the connecting pipe 30 are connected by a joint 52 made of a metal material having high heat conductivity. Thereby, the heat of the liquid flowing through the bypass pipe 28 is efficiently transmitted to the connection pipe 30 via the joint 52. As a result, even if the liquid stays in the connecting pipe 30, the connecting pipe 30 can be maintained at a high temperature, and the connecting pipe 30 can be heat-disinfected in a relatively short time. In FIG. 5, the joint 52 and the connection pipe 30 are illustrated as being exposed to the outside, but the joint 52 and the connection pipe 30 are preferably covered with a cover made of a heat insulating material.

  As is clear from the above description, according to the present embodiment, the pipe including the bypass pipe 28 and the connecting pipe 30 can be heat-disinfected in a relatively short time. Further, in this embodiment, only the configuration of the branch pipe 26 that connects the dialysis mother pipe 24 and the dialysis apparatus 20 is changed. In other words, it is not necessary to change the design such as adding a heater or increasing the heat capacity, and the existing dialysis system can be used as it is. Therefore, there is also an advantage that the cost of investing for shortening the heat disinfection time can be greatly reduced. Further, since the bypass pipe 28 of the present embodiment has a small diameter similar to that of the conventional branch pipe 26, no problem occurs when the dialyzer 20 is handled even if it is routed to the vicinity of the dialyzer 20. .

  In addition, the structure demonstrated so far is an example, and if a part of branch pipe 26 is made into a loop shape, another structure may be changed suitably. For example, if the distributor 32 has a main flow path 36 constituting a part of the dialysis mother pipe 24 and a start flow path 42S and a return flow path 42R connected to the upstream end and the downstream end of the bypass pipe 28. Any format may be used. In the present embodiment, the main body 34 and the cylindrical body 37 are configured as separate parts, but they may be integrally formed. Further, the distributor 32 itself may be integrally formed with the bypass pipe 28 and the dialysis mother pipe 24.

  Moreover, the technique of this embodiment is applicable also to the system which mix | blends and dilutes a dialysate in each of several dialysis apparatus 20. FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of such a dialysis system 10. In the dialysis system 10, an RO device 12 is installed in a machine room in a dialysis facility such as a hospital, and a plurality of dialysis devices 20 are installed in a dialysis room. The dialysis machine 20 holds a raw material for dialysate (A stock solution and B stock solution), and mixes and dilutes this raw material at a ratio according to the condition of each patient. In such a dialysis system, the RO device 12 functions as a liquid supply device that supplies a liquid used for generating the dialysate. The RO apparatus 12 is provided with a loop-shaped dialysis mother pipe 24 (water supply line) through which RO water flows. In cleaning and disinfection, the cleaning liquid heated by the heater 19 of the RO device 12 is passed through the piping instead of the RO water for cleaning and disinfection.

  Even in such a system, if the branch pipe 26 connecting the dialysis mother pipe 24 and the dialysis apparatus 20 is constituted by the loop-shaped bypass pipe 28 and the connecting pipe 30, the time required for cleaning and disinfection can be shortened. At this time, a flow from the upstream end to the downstream end in the bypass pipe 28 is generated at the joint portion between the bypass pipe 28 and the dialysis mother pipe 24 due to the differential pressure between the upstream end and the downstream end of the bypass pipe 28. It is desirable to install a distributor 32. Further, it is desirable to use a joint made of a metal having high heat conductivity as a joint between the bypass pipe 28 and the connecting pipe 30.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Dialysis system, 12 RO apparatus, 14 Dialysis solvent dissolution apparatus, 15 Heating heater unit, 16 Dialysate supply apparatus, 18, 19 Heater, 20 Dialysis apparatus, 22 Water supply line, 23 Dialysis stock solution supply line, 24 Dialysis mother pipe 26 branch pipe, 28 bypass pipe, 30 connecting pipe, 32 distributor, 34 main body, 36 main flow path, 37 cylinder, 38 insertion hole, 40 female thread, 42R return flow path, 42S start flow path, 44 flange, 46 Fastening holes, 48 openings, 50 O-rings, 52 joints.

Claims (6)

One or more dialysis machines;
A liquid supply device for supplying a dialysis liquid to the one or more dialysis devices;
A loop-shaped dialysis mother pipe for circulating the dialysis liquid discharged from the liquid supply device;
One or more branch pipes connecting the dialysis mother pipe and each dialysis apparatus;
A heater for heating the dialysis liquid flowing in the dialysate mother pipe;
With
The liquid supply device outputs a washing liquid instead of the dialysis liquid when washing and / or disinfecting the dialysis mother pipe and branch pipe,
The branch pipe has one or more bypass pipes that loop out from the dialysis mother pipe and return to the dialysis mother pipe.
A dialysis system characterized by that. The dialysis system according to claim 1, further comprising:
A distributor for connecting both ends of the bypass pipe and the mother pipe for dialysis, and by generating a differential pressure between the upstream end and the downstream end of the bypass pipe, the upstream end to the downstream end in the bypass pipe A dialysis system comprising a distributor for generating a flow of gas. A dialysis system according to claim 2,
The distributor is
A main flow path that functions as a part of the dialysis mother pipe;
In the main flow path, a flow path opened toward the upstream side of the main flow path, and a starting flow path to which an upstream end of the bypass pipe is connected;
In the main flow path, a flow path that opens toward the downstream side of the main flow path, and a return flow path to which a downstream end of the bypass pipe is connected;
A dialysis system comprising: The dialysis system according to claim 3,
Each of the starting flow path and the return flow path is a through hole formed in a cylindrical body that is inserted in a direction orthogonal to the flow of the main flow path,
The cylindrical body is a dialysis system characterized in that a tip that enters the main channel has a substantially frustum shape. The dialysis system according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
The dialysis system, wherein the distributor has a plane-symmetric shape with respect to a plane orthogonal to the flow of the main flow path. The dialysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The branch pipe further has a connecting pipe that connects the bypass pipe and the dialysis apparatus,
The bypass pipe and the connecting pipe are connected by a joint made of a metal material,
A dialysis system characterized by that.

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